Shareholder servicing fees may be paid in addition to the Rule 12b-1 fees and any sales charges. These payments are generally made to financial intermediaries that provide shareholder or administrative services, or marketing support. Certain administrative fees, such as sub-transfer agency or sub-administrative fees, may be payable by a Fund.
6. INVESTMENT TRANSACTIONS
Income Fund
For the year ended December 31, 2022, purchases and sales of investment securities other than U.S. Government obligations, short-term investments and derivatives for the Income Fund aggregated $155,686,789 and $143,788,579, respectively. Purchases and sales of U.S. Government obligations aggregated $0 and $0, respectively.
Growth Fund
For the year ended December 31, 2022, purchases and sales of investment securities other than U.S. Government obligations, short-term investments and derivatives for the Growth Fund aggregated $125,394,505 and $142,432,973, respectively. Purchases and sales of U.S. Government obligations aggregated $0 and $0, respectively.
Quantitative Fund
For the year ended December 31, 2022, purchases and sales of investment securities other than U.S. Government obligations and short-term investments for the Quantitative Fund aggregated $163,651,184 and $172,439,827, respectively.
AlphaGen Fund
For the year ended December 31, 2022, purchases and sales of investment securities other than U.S. Government obligations and short-term investments for the AlphaGen Fund aggregated $252,818,994 and $259,032,788, respectively.
7. DERIVATIVE TRANSACTIONS
There were no financial derivative instruments held by any of the Funds at December 31, 2022.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the average month-end notional value of purchased and written option contracts for the Income Fund was $1,146,577 and ($1,567,038), respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the average month-end notional value of purchased and written option contracts for the Growth Fund was $9,065,246 and ($15,435,692), respectively. The primary risk category for all open options positions during the year was equity risk.