Digihost Technology (DGHI) 20-F2023 FY Annual report (foreign)

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

(Mark One)

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report

For the transition period from ___________________ to _________________________

Commission file number: 001-40527

DIGIHOST TECHNOLOGY INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Canada
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

110 Yonge Street
Suite 1601
Toronto, Ontario M5C 1T4
Canada
(Address of principal executive offices)

Michel Amar, CEO

(818) 280-9758
michel@digihostblockchain.com
110 Yonge Street
Suite 1601
Toronto, Ontario M5C 1T4
Canada
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile Number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None.

The number of subordinate voting shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023 was 28,878,740.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

☐ Yes ☒ No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b) ☒

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

☐ Item 17 ☐ Item 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes No ☒

DIGIHOST TECHNOLOGY INC.

FORM 20-F ANNUAL REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

Digihost Technology Inc. is a corporation incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia). In this Annual Report on Form 20-F (this “Annual Report”), the “Corporation,” “we,” “our,” “DGHI” and “us” refer to Digihost Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries (unless the context otherwise requires). We refer you to the documents attached as exhibits hereto for more complete information than may be contained in this Annual Report. Our principal Canadian corporate offices are located at 110 Yonge Street, Suite 1601, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5C 1T4.

Glossary

“BCBCA” means the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia), or its successor legislation and the regulations made thereunder;

“Blockchain” means a distributed ledger comprised of blocks that serves as a historical transaction record of all past transactions and can be accessed by anyone with appropriate permissions. Blocks are chained together using cryptographic signatures;

“Board” means the board of directors of the Corporation;

“Buffalo Facility Lease Agreement” means the lease agreement dated December 21, 2021 entered into by East Delavan and a subsidiary of the Corporation;

“Buffalo Mining Facility” means the 1001 East Delavan facility in Buffalo, NY subject to the Buffalo Facility Lease Agreement;

“Buyer” means the buyer under the Energy Contract;

“CEO” means Chief Executive Officer;

“CFO” means Chief Financial Officer;

“Consolidation” means the Consolidation of the SV Shares and PV Shares on the basis of three (3) pre-consolidation SV Shares or PV Shares for every one (1) post-consolidation SV Share or PV Share, respectively, effective as of October 28, 2021;

“Corporation” means Digihost Technology Inc. (Nasdaq / TSXV: DGHI);

“Digifactory1” means the 60 MW power plant located in the State of New York;

“Digihost” means Digihost International, Inc., a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on October 9, 2018;

“East Delavan” means East Delavan Property, LLC;

“EH” means Exahash per second;

“Energy Contract” means the energy contract dated February 6, 2018 entered into by EnergyMark and Bit.Management, LLC, and assigned by Bit.Management, LLC to Digihost;

“EnergyMark” means EnergyMark LLC;

“Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;

“HashChain” means HashChain Technology Inc., a corporation incorporated pursuant to the laws of British Columbia on February 18, 2017;

“IASB” means the International Accounting Standards Board;

“Insider” if used in relation to an issuer, means a director or senior officer of the issuer; a director or senior officer of a company that is an Insider or subsidiary of the issuer; a Person that beneficially owns or controls, directly or indirectly, voting shares carrying more than 10% of the voting rights attached to all outstanding voting shares of the issuer; or, the issuer itself if it holds any of its own securities;

“MW” means Megawatts;

“Option” means an option to purchase SV Shares;

“Person” means a company or individual;

“PH” means Petahash per second;

“PSC” means the New York Public Service Commission;

“PV Share” means a proportionate voting share of the Corporation;

“RSU” means a restricted share unit of the Corporation;

“RTO” means the reverse take-over whereby the business and assets of HashChain and Digihost were combined by way of a share exchange between HashChain and shareholders of Digihost;

“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission;

“SEDAR+” means System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval + and located on the Internet at www.sedarplus.ca;

“Shareholder” means a holder of SV Shares;

“SV Share” means a subordinate voting share of the Corporation; and

“TSXV” means the TSX Venture Exchange.

Financial and Other Information

In this Annual Report, unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts are expressed in United States dollars (“US$,” “USD” or “$”).

Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report and other publicly available documents, including the documents incorporated herein and therein by reference, contain or refer to forward-looking statements and forward-looking information within the meaning of U.S. and Canadian securities laws (“forward-looking statements”). Forward-looking statements can often be identified by forward-looking words, such as, “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “estimate,” “may,” “potential” and “will” or similar words suggesting future outcomes or other expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions, intentions or statements about future events or performance. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Corporation believes, expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements do not constitute historical fact but reflect management’s expectations and assumptions. Forward-looking statements in this Annual Report include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to:

By their nature, forward-looking statements involve numerous assumptions, known and unknown risks and uncertainties, both general and specific, that contribute to the possibility that the predictions, forecasts, projections and other forward-looking statements will not occur, including the following:

The Corporation expressly disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as expressly required by applicable securities law.

PART I

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not required.

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not required.

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

A. [Reserved]

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not required.

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not required.

D. Risk Factors

An investment in SV Shares should be considered highly speculative due to the nature of the Corporation’s business and its present stage of development. An investment in SV Shares should only be made by knowledgeable and sophisticated investors who are willing to risk and can afford the potential loss of their entire investment. Investors and potential investors should consult with their professional advisors to assess an investment in the Corporation. In evaluating the Corporation and its business, investors should carefully consider, in addition to other information contained in this Annual Report, the risk factors below. The following is a summary only of certain risk factors and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, and must be read in conjunction with, the detailed information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. These risks and uncertainties are not the only ones the Corporation is facing. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to the Corporation, or that the Corporation currently deems immaterial, may also impair its operations. If any such risks actually occur, the Corporation’s business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. See also “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Risks Related to the Corporation’s Business

The Bitcoin block reward halves approximately every four years, which reduces the number of Bitcoin the Corporation would receive from solving blocks.

The difficulty of Bitcoin mining, or the amount of computational resources required for a set amount of reward for recording a new block, directly affects the Corporation’s results of operations. Bitcoin mining difficulty is a measure of how much computing power is required to record a new block, and it is affected by the total amount of computing power in the Bitcoin network. The Bitcoin algorithm is designed so that one block is generated, on average, every ten minutes, no matter how much computing power is in the network. Thus, as more computing power joins the Bitcoin network, and assuming the rate of block creation does not change (remaining at one block generated every ten minutes), the amount of computing power required to generate each block, and, hence, the mining difficulty, increases. In other words, based on the current design of the Bitcoin network, Bitcoin mining difficulty would increase together with the total computing power available in the Bitcoin network, which is in turn affected by the number of Bitcoin mining machines in operation.

In April 2024, the Bitcoin daily reward halved from 6.25 Bitcoin per block, or approximately 900 Bitcoin per day, to 3.125 Bitcoin per block, or approximately 450 Bitcoin per day. The Corporation continues to monitor the impact of the Bitcoin halving event on its operations and will continue to differentiate its revenue streams if necessary. Bitcoin halving events are expected to occur approximately every four years, and each halving event may have a potential deleterious impact on the Corporation’s profitability as the Corporation will be rewarded less Bitcoin for each new block it records. The next BTC halving is expected to occur in March 2028, at which time BTC block rewards will decrease from 3.125 BTC per block to 1.5625 BTC per block. While BTC prices have had a history of price fluctuations around BTC halving events, there is no guarantee that the price change will be favorable or would compensate for the reduction in mining reward and the corresponding decrease in the compensation the Corporation receives from its mining operations.

Based on the fundamentals of Bitcoin mining and historical data on Bitcoin prices and the network difficulty rate after a halving event, it is unlikely that the network difficulty rate and price would remain at the current level when the Bitcoin rewards per block are halved, which could offset some of the impact of a halving event. Nevertheless, there is a risk that a future halving event may render the Corporation unprofitable and unable to continue as a going concern.

The Corporation’s profitability depends upon the hashrate of its miners and of the network as well as network difficulty, any adverse changes in which could reduce the ability of the Corporation to remain competitive.

The hashrate in cryptocurrency networks is expected to increase as a result of upgrades across the industry as Bitcoin and Ether miners use more efficient chips. As the hashrate increases, the mining difficulty will increase in response to the increase in computing power in the network. This may make it difficult for the Corporation to remain competitive as the Corporation may be required to deploy significant capital to acquire additional miners in order to increase their total mining power and offset the rise in hashrate. The effect of increased computing power in the network combined with fluctuations in the price of Bitcoin and Ether could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s results of operations and financial condition.

If the award of coins for solving blocks and transaction fees are not sufficiently high, miners (other than of the Corporation) may not have an adequate incentive to continue mining and may cease their mining operations, which could adversely impact the Corporation’s mining operations.

As the number of coins awarded for solving a block in the Blockchain decreases, the incentive for miners to continue to contribute processing power to the network may transition from a set reward to transaction fees. Either the requirement from miners of higher transaction fees in exchange for recording transactions in the Blockchain or a software upgrade that automatically charges fees for all transactions may decrease demand for the relevant coins and prevent the expansion of the network to retail merchants and commercial businesses, resulting in a reduction in the market price of the relevant cryptocurrency that could adversely impact the Corporation’s cryptocurrency inventory and investments.

In order to incentivize miners to continue to contribute processing power to the network, the network may either formally or informally transition from a set reward to transaction fees earned upon solving for a block. It is possible this transition could be accomplished either by miners independently electing to record on the blocks they solve only those transactions that include payment of a transaction fee or by the network adopting software upgrades that require the payment of a minimum transaction fee for all transactions. If transaction fees paid for recording transactions in a certain Blockchain become too high, the marketplace may be reluctant to use that Blockchain to transact and existing users may be motivated to switch between Blockchains, cryptocurrencies or back to fiat currency. Decreased use and demand for coins may adversely affect their value and result in a reduction in the market price of coins.

If the award of coins for solving blocks and transaction fees for recording transactions are not sufficiently high to incentivize miners, miners may cease expending processing power to solve blocks and confirmations of transactions on the Blockchain could be slowed temporarily or for an extended period of time if miners cease operations entirely. A reduction in the processing power expended by miners, including due to miners ceasing their operations, could increase the likelihood of a malicious actor or botnet obtaining control in excess of 50 percent of the processing power active on the Blockchain, potentially permitting such actor or botnet to manipulate the Blockchain in a manner that adversely affects the Corporation’s mining activities. Any reduction in confidence in the confirmation process or processing power of the network may adversely impact the Corporation’s mining activities, inventory of coins, and future investment strategies.

The Corporation is reliant on a mining pool operator.

The Corporation participates in a single mining pool. Consequently, the Corporation’s operations are substantially reliant on the mining pool operator and the terms of services and other terms and conditions that govern its relationship with the mining pool. The mining pool operator has the right to unilaterally modify the service agreement between the mining pool and the Corporation at any time without notice, including the right to modify the payout methodology or mining pool fees. In the event that any such modifications are unattractive or unacceptable to the Corporation, it may: (i) join a different mining pool; or (ii) commence mining independently. In the event that the Corporation is unable to make such a switch of its operations in a timely manner and its mining operations experience significant down time, it may experience a material adverse change.

There is a possibility insolvency, bankruptcy, or cessation of operations of the Corporation’s mining pool operator.

As of the date hereof, the Corporation participates in only one mining pool. In the event that the mining pool operator ceases making payments to the Corporation for whatever reason, including bankruptcy, insolvency or cessation of its operations, or for no reason, the Corporation would expect to immediately cease contributing its hash power to such mining pool and either: (i) join a different mining pool; or (ii) commence mining independently. The cost of switching, if such a switch is ever deemed necessary by the Corporation, is expected to be the lost revenues the Corporation would have earned had it been mining during the period in which it completes the switch. In the event that the Corporation is unable to make such a switch of its operations in a timely manner and its mining operations experience significant down time, it may experience a material adverse change.

There is a possibility of cryptocurrency mining algorithms transitioning to proof of stake validation and other mining related risks, which could make the Corporation less competitive and ultimately adversely affect the Corporation’s business and the value of its shares.

Proof of stake is an alternative method in validating cryptocurrency transactions that is less dependent on the consumption of electricity. Should the algorithm for validating Bitcoin or Ether transactions, or transactions involving any cryptocurrency the Corporation mines in the future, shift from the current proof of work validation method to a proof of stake method, mining would likely require less energy, which may render any company that maintains advantages in the current climate (for example, from lower priced electricity, processing, real estate, or hosting) less competitive. The Corporation, as a result of its efforts to optimize and improve the efficiency of its mining operations by seeking to acquire low cost, long-term electricity may be exposed to the risk in the future of losing the relative competitive advantage it may have over some of its competitors as a result and may be negatively impacted if a switch to proof of stake validation were to occur. Such events could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or results of operations, the value of Bitcoin, Ether and any other cryptocurrencies the Corporation mines in the future and your investment in the SV Shares.

The Corporation may be unable to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms or at all.

Further acquisitions of additional cryptocurrency mining rigs will require additional capital, and the Corporation will require funds to continue to operate as a public company. To the extent it becomes necessary to raise additional cash in the future, the Corporation may seek to raise it through the public or private sale of assets, debt or equity securities, the procurement of advances on contracts or licenses, funding from joint-venture or strategic partners, debt financing or short-term loans, or a combination of the foregoing. The Corporation may also seek to satisfy indebtedness without any cash outlay through the private issuance of debt or equity securities. We currently do not have any binding commitments for, or readily available sources of, additional financing; however, any future financing(s) may also be dilutive to the Corporation’s existing shareholders at that time.

There is no assurance that the Corporation will be successful in obtaining any required financing(s) or that such financing(s) will be available on terms acceptable to the Corporation. Failure to obtain such additional financing could cause the Corporation to reduce or terminate its operations. The failure to raise or procure such additional funds or the failure to achieve positive cash flow could result in the delay or indefinite postponement of the Corporation’s business objectives, including the acquisition of additional equipment, the expansion of the Corporation’s management team, the pursuit of strategic acquisitions and other aspects of the Corporation’s strategic plan. If the Corporation raises additional capital through the issuance of equity securities, the percentage ownership of the Corporation’s existing shareholders may be reduced, and such existing shareholders may experience additional dilution in net book value per share. Any such newly-issued equity securities may also have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the holders of the Corporation’s SV Shares. If the Corporation raises additional capital through the incurrence of indebtedness, the Corporation may be required to secure the financing with part or all of the Corporation’s assets, which could be sold or retained by the creditor should there be a default in the Corporation’s payment obligations. As a condition to a debt financing, restrictive covenants may be imposed on the Corporation that could limit the ability of the Corporation to operate its business and pursue its corporate strategy and other aspects of its business plan, which could result in the failure to capitalize on otherwise available opportunities and could place the Corporation at a competitive disadvantage compared to its competitors that have less debt. Furthermore, if the Corporation raises capital through a convertible debt offering, any conversion of the debt into equity would be dilutive to the Corporation’s existing shareholders. In connection with any such future capital raising transaction, whether involving the issuance of equity securities or the incurrence of indebtedness, the Corporation may be required to accept terms that restrict its ability to raise additional capital for a period of time, which may limit or prevent the Corporation from raising capital at times when it would otherwise be opportunistic to do so.

The Corporation may be required to sell its cryptocurrency portfolio to pay for expenses.

The Corporation has in the past, and may in the future, sell part of its cryptocurrency portfolio to pay for expenses incurred, irrespective of the price at that point in time. Consequently, the Corporation’s cryptocurrencies may be sold at a time when the price is low, resulting in a negative effect on the Corporation’s profitability, particularly if there is a need to sell cryptocurrencies to fund the Corporation’s operating activities or expansion goals.

The Corporation faces competition from other cryptocurrency companies.

The Corporation competes, and, in the future, will compete, with other cryptocurrency and distributed ledger technology businesses, including other businesses focused on developing substantial cryptocurrency mining operations, many of which have greater resources and experience. A fundamental property of mining associated with many cryptocurrencies is that the computational complexity of the mining algorithm increases over time, which, when combined with the effect of new industry entrants and cryptocurrency price volatility, may make certain cryptocurrencies relatively unprofitable to mine compared to others. If the Corporation does not increase its hashrate to maintain competitive as the computational complexity of mining algorithms increase, this Corporation may be unable to effectively compete, it may be unprofitable and ultimately unable to continue as a going concern.

Regulatory changes or actions may alter the nature of an investment in the Corporation or restrict the use of cryptocurrencies in a manner that adversely affects the Corporation’s operations.

As cryptocurrencies have grown in both popularity and market size, governments around the world have reacted differently to cryptocurrencies with certain governments deeming cryptocurrency mining illegal while others have allowed their use and trade. Ongoing and future regulatory actions may alter, perhaps to a materially adverse extent, the ability of the Corporation to continue to operate. The effect of any future regulatory change on the Corporation or any cryptocurrency that the Corporation may mine is impossible to predict, but any such change could be substantial and have a material adverse effect on the Corporation. Governments may in the future curtail or outlaw the acquisition, use or redemption of cryptocurrencies. Ownership of, holding or trading in cryptocurrencies may then be considered illegal and subject to sanction. Governments may also take regulatory action that may increase the cost of mining cryptocurrency and/or subject cryptocurrency mining companies to additional regulation. Governments may in the future take regulatory actions that prohibit or severely restrict the right to acquire, own, hold, sell, use or trade cryptocurrencies or to exchange cryptocurrencies for fiat currency.

On March 9, 2022, the President of the United States issued an executive order that identified the following objectives for future regulation of digital assets in the United States: (1) protect consumers, investors, and businesses, (2) protect financial stability, (3) mitigate the illicit finance and national security risks posed by misuse of digital assets, (4) reinforce United States leadership in the global financial system and in technological and economic competitiveness, (5) promote access to safe and affordable financial services, and (6) support technological advances that promote responsible development and use of digital assets. Although the executive order was generally received positively by the digital asset industry, especially in the United States, the nature, scope and effect of any future regulations inspired by that executive order and their effect on the cryptocurrency mining industry, the use and adoption of cryptocurrency and, ultimately, the Corporation cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

More recently, in March 2023, the U.S. Treasury Department proposed a 30% excise tax on the cost of powering mining facilities that, if enacted, would be based on the costs of electricity used in mining and would be phased in over the next three years, increasing 10% each year. The proposal, if enacted, would also require miners, like the Corporation to report how much electricity they use and what type of power was tapped. If the proposed excise tax is approved, it could adversely impact the Corporation’s results of operations and financial condition.

By extension, similar actions by other governments may result in the restriction of the acquisition, ownership, holding, selling, use or trading in the SV Shares. Such a restriction could result in the Corporation liquidating its cryptocurrency inventory at unfavorable prices and may otherwise adversely affect the Corporation’s shareholders.

The value of cryptocurrencies may be subject to momentum pricing.

Momentum pricing typically is associated with growth stocks and other assets whose valuation, as determined by the investing public, accounts for anticipated future appreciation in value. Cryptocurrency market prices are determined primarily using data from various exchanges, over-the-counter markets, and derivative platforms. Momentum pricing may have resulted, and may continue to result, in speculation regarding future appreciation in the value of cryptocurrencies, inflating and making their market prices more volatile. As a result, they may be more likely to fluctuate in value due to changing investor confidence in future appreciation (or depreciation) in their market prices, which could adversely affect the value of the cryptocurrency the Corporation mines and holds and thereby negatively affect the Corporation’s shareholders.

The price of coins may be affected by the sale of coins by other vehicles investing in coins or tracking cryptocurrency markets.

To the extent that other vehicles investing in coins or tracking cryptocurrency markets form and come to represent a significant proportion of the demand for coins, large redemptions of the securities of those vehicles and the subsequent sale of coins by such vehicles could negatively affect cryptocurrency prices and, therefore, affect the value of the inventory held by the Corporation.

Cryptocurrency exchanges and other trading venues are relatively new and, in most cases, largely unregulated and may therefore be more exposed to fraud and failure.

To the extent that cryptocurrency exchanges or other trading venues are involved in fraud or experience security failures or other operational issues, this could result in a reduction in cryptocurrency prices. Cryptocurrency market prices depend, directly or indirectly, on the prices set on exchanges and other trading venues, which are new and, in most cases, largely unregulated as compared to established, regulated exchanges for securities, derivatives and other currencies. For example, during the past three years, a number of Bitcoin exchanges have been closed due to fraud, business failure or security breaches. In many of these instances, the customers of the closed Bitcoin exchanges were not compensated or made whole for the partial or complete losses of their account balances in such Bitcoin exchanges. These risks also apply to other cryptocurrency exchanges, including exchanges on which Ether is traded. While smaller exchanges are less likely to have the infrastructure and capitalization that provide larger exchanges with additional stability, larger exchanges may be more likely to be appealing targets for hackers and “malware” (i.e., software used or programmed by attackers to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information or gain access to private computer systems) and may be more likely to be targets of regulatory enforcement action. The Corporation’s current strategy is to hold its mined cryptocurrencies; however, if the Corporation decides to sell its cryptocurrency in the future, it may rely on a cryptocurrency exchange to facilitate such a sale. Fraud or failure of cryptocurrency exchanges could decrease the number of platforms available to the Corporation to liquidate its holdings and could also decrease public confidence in trading on such exchanges, which may adversely affect the price of cryptocurrencies. Sustained lack of regulation and potential fraud or failure of cryptocurrency exchanges could have a material adverse effect of the Corporation’s business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operation.

The further development and acceptance of the cryptographic and algorithmic protocols governing the issuance of and transactions in cryptocurrencies is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate.

The use of cryptocurrencies to, among other things, buy and sell goods and services and complete other transactions, is part of a new and rapidly evolving industry that employs digital assets based upon a computer-generated mathematical and/or cryptographic protocol. The growth of this industry in general, and the use of cryptocurrencies in particular, is subject to a high degree of uncertainty, and the slowing, or stopping of the development or acceptance of developing protocols may adversely affect the Corporation’s operations. The factors affecting the further development of the industry, include, but are not limited to:

Acceptance and/or widespread use of cryptocurrency is uncertain.

Currently, Bitcoins and/or other cryptocurrencies are not widely used in the retail and commercial marketplace in comparison to relatively large use by speculators, thus contributing to price volatility that could adversely affect the Corporation’s operations, investment strategies, and profitability.

As relatively new products and technologies, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have not been widely adopted as a means of payment for goods and services by major retail and commercial outlets. Conversely, a significant portion of cryptocurrency demand is generated by Blockchain technology enthusiasts, price speculators and investors seeking to profit from the short-term or long-term holding of cryptocurrencies.

The relative lack of acceptance of cryptocurrencies in the retail and commercial marketplace limits the ability of end-users to use them to pay for goods and services. A lack of expansion by cryptocurrencies into retail and commercial markets, or a contraction of such use, may result in increased volatility or a reduction in their market prices, either of which could adversely impact the Corporation’s operations, investment strategies, and profitability.

Delays in the development of existing and planned cryptocurrency mining facilities may result in different outcomes than those intended.

The continued development of existing and planned facilities is subject to various factors and may be delayed or adversely affected by such factors beyond the Corporation’s control, including delays in the delivery or installation of equipment by suppliers, difficulties in integrating new equipment into existing infrastructure, shortages in materials or labour, defects in design or construction, diversion of management resources, insufficient funding, or other resource constraints. Actual costs for development may exceed the Corporation’s planned budget. Delays, cost overruns, changes in market circumstances and other factors may result in different outcomes than those intended.

The Corporation is subject to risks associated with the Corporation’s need for significant electrical power and for such electrical power to be available at commercially feasible rates. Government regulators may potentially restrict the ability of electricity suppliers to provide electricity to mining operations.

Cryptocurrency mining operations require substantial amounts of electrical power, and the Corporation’s operations can only be successful if the Corporation can obtain electrical power on a reliable and cost-effective basis. Shortages of natural gas, infrastructural damage to power plants or power carriage infrastructure, increases in demand for power, or any other factor that contributes to a rise in the price of electrical power may render the Corporation’s mining operations unprofitable. Additionally, in times of electricity shortages, government regulators may restrict or prohibit the provision of electricity to cryptocurrency mining operations.

At the same time, the consumption by cryptocurrency mining companies, including the Corporation, of significant amounts of electrical power may potentially have a deleterious effect on the environment, which may cause government regulators to restrict the ability of electricity suppliers to provide electricity to mining operations in order to curtail their energy consumption.

The Corporation currently conducts its cryptocurrency mining in the states of New York and Alabama. As a result of maintaining operations in limited geographic locations, the Corporation’s current and future operations and anticipated growth, as well as the sustainability of electricity at economical prices for the purposes of cryptocurrency mining in the states of New York and Alabama poses certain risks. Any significant increase in the price the Corporation pays for the electrical power it consumes could adversely impact the Corporation’s operations and profitability.

The Corporation’s business may be adversely impacted by technological obsolescence and difficulty in obtaining hardware.

To remain competitive, the Corporation will continue to invest in hardware and equipment required for maintaining the Corporation’s mining activities. Should competitors introduce new services/software embodying new technologies, the Corporation’s hardware and equipment and its underlying technology may become obsolete and require substantial capital to replace such equipment.

The Corporation’s cryptocurrency inventory may be exposed to cybersecurity threats and hacks.

Malicious actors may seek to exploit vulnerabilities within cryptocurrency programming codes. Several errors and defects have been found and corrected, including those that disabled some functionality for users and exposed users’ information. Discovery of flaws in or exploitations of the source code that allow malicious actors to take or create virtual Bitcoin assets have been relatively rare, however attempts to discover flaws in or exploitations of the source code are not entirely uncommon. Hackers have been able to gain unauthorized access to digital wallets and cryptocurrency exchanges, thereby exposing the crypto-assets stored and traded on these platforms at risk.

If a malicious actor exposes a vulnerability on a platform or Blockchain on which the Corporation stores, trades or mines cryptocurrency, as may be applicable, that could interfere with and introduce defects to the mining operation and could put the Corporation’s cryptocurrency holdings at risk of being hacked or stolen. Private keys which enable holders to transfer funds may also be lost or stolen, resulting in irreversible losses of cryptocurrencies. Hackers may discover novel tactics not currently contemplated herein which jeopardize the Corporation’s assets and operations. The actions of one or more malicious actors could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operation.

The Corporation’s coins may be subject to loss, theft or restriction on access.

There is a risk that some or all of the Corporation’s coins could be lost or stolen. Access to the Corporation’s coins could also be restricted by cybercrime (such as a denial of service attack) against a service at which the Corporation maintains a hosted online wallet. Any of these events may adversely affect the operations of the Corporation and, consequently, its investments and profitability.

The loss or destruction of a digital private key required to access the Corporation’s digital wallets may be irreversible. The Corporation’s loss of access to its private keys or its experience of a data loss relating to the Corporation’s digital wallets could adversely affect its investments.

Cryptocurrencies are controllable only by the possessor of both the unique public and private keys relating to the local or online digital wallet in which they are held, which wallet’s public key or address is reflected in the network’s public Blockchain. The Corporation will publish the public key relating to digital wallets in use when it verifies the receipt of cryptocurrency transfers and disseminates such information into the network, but it will need to safeguard the private keys relating to such digital wallets. To the extent such private keys are lost, destroyed or otherwise compromised, the Corporation will be unable to access its coins, and such private keys will not be capable of being restored by network. Any loss of private keys relating to digital wallets used to store the Corporation’s cryptocurrency could adversely affect its investments and profitability.

Incorrect or fraudulent coin transactions may be irreversible.

Cryptocurrency transactions are irrevocable and stolen or incorrectly transferred coins may be irretrievable. As a result, any incorrectly executed or fraudulent coin transactions could adversely affect the Corporation’s investments.

Coin transactions are not, from an administrative perspective, reversible without the consent and active participation of the recipient of the transaction. In theory, cryptocurrency transactions may be reversible with the control or consent of a majority of processing power on the network. Once a transaction has been verified and recorded in a block that is added to the Blockchain, an incorrect transfer of a coin or a theft of coin generally will not be reversible and the Corporation may not be capable of seeking compensation for any such transfer or theft. Although the Corporation’s transfers of coins will regularly be made by experienced members of the management team, it is possible that, through computer or human error, or through theft or criminal action, the Corporation’s coins could be transferred in incorrect amounts or to unauthorized third parties, or to uncontrolled accounts.

The Corporation’s operations, investment strategies, and profitability may be adversely affected by competition from other methods of investing in cryptocurrencies.

The Corporation competes with other users and/or companies that are mining cryptocurrencies and other potential financial vehicles, possibly including securities backed by or linked to cryptocurrencies through entities similar to the Corporation. Market and financial conditions, and other conditions beyond the Corporation’s control, may make it more attractive to invest in other financial vehicles, or to invest in cryptocurrencies directly which could limit the market for the Corporation’s shares and reduce their liquidity.

The increase in interest and demand for cryptocurrencies has led to a shortage of mining hardware as individuals purchase equipment for mining at home.

Equipment may require repair and replacement from time to time. Risks of shortages, including, but not limited to, shortages of graphics processing units may lead to downtime as the Corporation searches for replacement equipment, which may decrease the cryptocurrency the Corporation is able to mine.

Banks may not provide banking services, or may cut off banking services, to businesses that provide cryptocurrency-related services or that accept cryptocurrencies as payment.

A number of companies that mine cryptocurrency or are otherwise in cryptocurrency-related businesses have been unable to find banks that are willing to provide them with bank accounts and banking services. Similarly, a number of such companies have had their existing bank accounts closed by their banks. This happened to Corporation with Signature Bank in 2023 when they elected to stop servicing cryptocurrency-related businesses. Banks may refuse to provide bank accounts and other banking services to such companies or companies that accept cryptocurrencies as payment for their services or derive their value from cryptocurrencies for a number of reasons, such as perceived compliance risks or costs. The difficulty that many such businesses have and may continue to have in finding banks willing to provide them with bank accounts and other banking services may be currently decreasing the usefulness of cryptocurrencies as a payment system and harming public perception of cryptocurrencies or could decrease its usefulness and harm its public perception in the future. Similarly, the usefulness of cryptocurrencies as a payment system and the public perception of cryptocurrencies could be damaged if banks were to close the accounts of many or of a few key businesses providing Bitcoin and/or other cryptocurrency-related services. This could decrease the market prices of cryptocurrencies and adversely affect the value of the Corporation’s cryptocurrency inventory.

The impact of geopolitical events on the supply and demand for cryptocurrencies is uncertain.

Crises may motivate large-scale purchases of cryptocurrencies, which could increase the price of cryptocurrencies rapidly. This may increase the likelihood of a subsequent price decrease as crisis-driven purchasing behavior wanes, adversely affecting the value of the Corporation’s cryptocurrency inventory.

As an alternative to fiat currencies that are backed by central governments, cryptocurrencies, which are relatively new, are subject to supply and demand forces based upon the desirability of an alternative, decentralized means of buying and selling goods and services, and it is unclear how such supply and demand will be impacted by geopolitical events. Nevertheless, political or economic crises may motivate large-scale acquisitions or sales of Bitcoin either globally or locally. Large-scale sales of cryptocurrencies would result in a reduction in their market prices and adversely affect the Corporation’s operations and profitability.

Increased scrutiny and changing expectations from stakeholders with respect to the Corporation’s ESG practices and the impacts of climate change may result in additional costs or risks.

Companies across many industries, including cryptocurrency mining, are facing increasing scrutiny related to their environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) practices. Investor advocacy groups, certain institutional investors, investment funds and other influential investors are also increasingly focused on ESG practices and in recent years have placed increasing importance on the non-financial impacts of their investments. Furthermore, increased public awareness and concern regarding environmental risks, including global climate change, may result in increased public scrutiny of the Corporation’s business and its industry, and the management team may divert significant time and energy away from the Corporation’s operations and towards responding to such scrutiny and enhancing the Corporation’s ESG practices.

In addition, the impacts of climate change may affect the availability and cost of materials and natural resources, sources and supply of energy, demand for Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, and could increase the Corporation’s insurance and other operating costs, including, potentially, to repair damage incurred as a result of extreme weather events or to renovate or retrofit facilities to better withstand extreme weather events. If environmental laws or regulations or industry standards are either changed or adopted and impose significant operational restrictions and compliance requirements on the Corporation’s operations, or if its operations are disrupted due to physical impacts of climate change, the Corporation’s business, capital expenditures, results of operations, financial condition and competitive position could be negatively impacted.

The risks to the Corporation posed by global pandemics and any future infectious diseases cannot be predicted with certainty.

Pandemic risk is the risk of large-scale outbreaks of infectious diseases that can greatly increase morbidity and mortality over a wide geographic area and cause significant social and economic disruption. Pandemics, epidemics or outbreaks of an infectious disease in Canada or worldwide could have an adverse impact on the Corporation’s business, including changes to the way the Corporation and its counterparties operate, and on the Corporation’s financial results and condition. Any government-imposed restrictions in connection with future pandemics may restrict the number of employees permitted to work in the mining facilities or otherwise limit the Corporation’s operations in the wake of an infectious disease outbreak, the extent and duration of which are impossible to predict. As a result, it is not possible to reliably estimate the length or severity of any such developments or their impact on the financial results and condition of the Corporation and its operating subsidiaries in future periods.

Exposure to environmental liabilities and hazards may result in the imposition of fines, penalties and restrictions on the Corporation.

The Corporation may be subject to potential risks and liabilities associated with pollution of the environment through its use of electricity to mine cryptocurrencies. In addition, environmental hazards may exist on a property in which the Corporation directly or indirectly holds an interest that are unknown to the Corporation at present and have been caused by previous or existing owners or operators of the property, which hazards may result in environmental pollution. Any such occurrences that constitute a breach of environmental legislation, laws, rules or regulations may result in the imposition of fines and penalties.

To the extent the Corporation is subject to environmental liabilities, the payment of such liabilities or the costs that it may incur to remedy environmental pollution would reduce funds otherwise available to it and could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation. If the Corporation is unable to fully remedy an environmental problem, it might be required to suspend operations or enter into interim compliance measures pending completion of the required remedy. Environmental hazards and other occurrences, including allegations of the same, involving or otherwise relating to the Corporation may have an undesirable reputational impact on the Corporation and may be an impetus for potential restrictions to be imposed on the Corporation by regulators. The Corporation’s potential exposure for any such occurrences may be significant and could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.

General Business Risks Related to the Corporation

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting relating to our failure to timely file our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. We have also not timely filed this Annual Report. If we are unable to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting relating to our failure to timely file our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. We have also not timely filed this Annual Report.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected on a timely basis.

Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. To respond to the material weakness we identified, we plan to implement enhanced communication processes with our independent registered public accounting firm relating to future Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) audits of our financial statements, as described in ITEM 15. “Controls and Procedures.” Even if we successfully implement our remediation plan, there is no assurance that this initiative will ultimately have its intended effect.

If we identify any new material weaknesses in the future, any such newly identified material weakness could limit our ability to prevent or detect a misstatement of our accounts or disclosures that could result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements. In such a case, we may be unable to maintain compliance with applicable U.S. securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports in addition to applicable stock exchange listing requirements, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting and our stock price may decline as a result.

The Corporation’s success is largely dependent on the performance of the Corporation’s management and executive officers.

The success of the Corporation is dependent upon the ability, expertise, judgment, discretion, performance and good faith of a limited number of people constituting its senior management. While the Corporation has employment or consulting agreements with most of its senior management team, those agreements cannot ensure the Corporation of the continued services of such persons. Any loss of the services of one or more of such individuals could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, operating results or financial condition.

Certain members of the Corporation’s management team have experience in the cryptocurrency industry, while others have experience in areas including financial management, corporate finance and sales and marketing. The experience of these individuals is a factor that will contribute to the Corporation’s continued success and growth. The Corporation will initially be relying on the Corporation’s officers and board members, as well as independent consultants, for certain aspects of the Corporation’s business. The amount of time and expertise expended on the Corporation’s affairs by each of the Corporation’s management team and the Corporation’s directors will vary according to the Corporation’s needs. The success of the Corporation may be affected by conflicts of interest the management team or directors may have or may develop in the future. Conflict of interest concerns are further addressed hereinbelow under the heading “Directors and officers may have a conflict of interest between their duties owed to the Corporation and their interest in other personal or business ventures.” The Corporation does not intend to acquire any key man insurance policies, and there is, therefore, a risk that the death or departure of any member of management, the Board, or any key employee or consultant could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s future.

The Corporation may be unable to attract, develop and retain its key personnel and ensure adequate succession planning.

The Corporation’s operations and continued growth are dependent on its ability to attract, hire, retain and develop leaders and other key personnel. Any failure to effectively attract talented and experienced employees and other personnel or to engage in adequate succession planning and retention strategies could cause the Corporation to have insufficient industry or other relevant knowledge, skills and experience, which could erode the Corporation’s competitive position or result in increased costs, competition for employees or high turnover. Any of the foregoing could negatively affect the Corporation’s ability to operate its business, which, in turn, could adversely affect the Corporation’s reputation, operations or financial performance.

Uninsured or uninsurable risks could result in significant financial liabilities.

The Corporation intends to insure its operations in general accordance with technology industry practice. However, given the novelty of cryptocurrency mining and associated businesses, such insurance may not be available, uneconomical for the Corporation, or the nature or level may be insufficient to provide adequate insurance cover. The Corporation may become subject to liability for hazards against which the Corporation cannot insure or against which the Corporation may elect not to insure because of high premium costs or for other reasons. The payment of any such liabilities would reduce or eliminate the funds available for operations. Payments of liabilities for which the Corporation does not carry insurance may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial position.

The Corporation does not currently pay cash dividends and therefore the Corporation’s shareholders will not be able to receive a return on their SV Shares unless they sell them.

The Corporation does not anticipate paying dividends in the near future. The Corporation expects to retain earnings to finance further growth and, where appropriate, retire debt. Unless the Corporation pays dividends, the Corporation’s shareholders will not be able to receive a return on their shares unless they sell them.  There is no assurance that shareholders will be able to sell SV Shares when desired.

The market price for SV Shares may be volatile, and there is no guarantee that an active or liquid market will be sustained for the SV Shares.

The Corporation’s SV Shares are listed on the TSXV and Nasdaq. External factors outside of the Corporation’s control, such as announcements of quarterly variations in operating results, revenues and costs, and sentiments toward stocks, may have a significant impact on the market price of the SV Shares. The market price for the SV Shares could be subject to extreme fluctuations. Factors such as government regulation, interest rates, share price movements of the Corporation’s peer companies and competitors, as well as overall market movements and the market price for the cryptocurrencies that the Corporation mines, may have a significant impact on the market price of the SV Shares. Global stock markets, including the TSXV and Nasdaq, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations from time to time. There can be no assurance that an active or liquid market will develop or be sustained for the SV Shares.

There are significant legal, accounting, and financial costs of being a publicly traded company, which costs may reduce the resources available for the Corporation to deploy on its cryptocurrency mining operations.

For so long as the Corporation has publicly traded securities, it will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and filing fees. As a reporting issuer, the Corporation is subject to reporting requirements under applicable laws, rules and policies of the TSXV, Nasdaq, and the Canadian and US securities regulatory authorities, including the SEC. Compliance with those requirements increases legal and financial compliance costs, makes some activities more difficult, time consuming or costly, and increases demand on existing systems and resources. Among other things, the Corporation is required to file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to its business and results of operations and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting. To maintain and, if required, improve disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting to meet applicable requirements, significant resources and management oversight may be required. Under the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”), the Corporation is required to adhere to strict financial reporting requirements, and documentation proving compliance therewith must be regularly updated and maintained. The Corporation may be required to incur significant costs to satisfy internal and external reporting requirements under SOX and other applicable laws, rules and regulations. Securities legislation and the rules and policies of the TSXV and Nasdaq require publicly listed companies to, among other things, adopt corporate governance policies and related practices and to continuously prepare and disclose material information, all of which carry significant legal, financial and securities regulatory compliance costs.

As a result of the Corporation ensuring reporting requirements are met, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm the Corporation’s business and result of operations. The Corporation may need to hire additional employees to comply with these requirements in the future, which would increase its costs and expenses. Continuing as a reporting issuer may make it more expensive to maintain director and officer liability insurance, which, in turn, could also make it more difficult for the Corporation to retain qualified directors and executive officers.

Directors and officers may have a conflict of interest between their duties owed to the Corporation and their interest in other personal or business ventures.

Certain of the Corporation’s directors and officers are, and may continue to be, involved in the cryptocurrency industry through their direct and indirect participation in corporations, partnerships or joint ventures that are potential competitors of the Corporation. Situations may arise in connection with potential acquisitions or opportunities where the other interests of these directors and officers may conflict with the Corporation’s interests. Directors and officers of the Corporation with conflicts of interest will be subject to and must follow the procedures set out in applicable corporate and securities legislation, regulations, rules and policies; however, there may be corporate opportunities that the Corporation is not able to pursue due to a conflict of interest of one or more of the Corporation’s directors or officers.

The Corporation may be subject to litigation arising out of its operations.

The Corporation may be subject to litigation from time to time arising from the ordinary course of its business or otherwise. Damages claimed in any such litigation against the Corporation may be material, and the outcome of such litigation may materially impact the Corporation’s operations and the value of the SV Shares. While the Corporation will assess the merits of any lawsuits and defend against such lawsuits accordingly, the Corporation may be required to incur significant expense and devote significant financial resources to such defenses. In addition, any adverse publicity surrounding such litigation and claims may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s reputation, which, in turn, may have a negative impact on the value of the SV Shares.

The Corporation could lose its foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses to the Corporation.

In order to maintain its current status as a foreign private issuer, either (a) 50% or more of the Corporation’s voting securities must be directly or indirectly owned of record by holders residing outside of the United States, or (b) all of the following must be true: (i) the majority of the Corporation’s executive officers and the majority of its directors must not be U.S. citizens or U.S. residents; (ii) 50% or more of the Corporation’s assets must be located outside of the United States and (iii) the Corporation’s business must principally be administered outside of the United States. The Corporation may in the future lose its foreign private issuer status if a majority of the Corporation’s voting securities are owned of record in the United States, as the Corporation does not meet the other qualifications due to a majority of the executive officers and a majority of the directors of the Corporation being in the U.S., along with a majority of the Corporation’s assets. The regulatory and compliance costs to the Corporation under U.S. federal securities laws and applicable Nasdaq corporate governance rules as a U.S. domestic issuer may be significantly more than the costs the Corporation incurs as a foreign private issuer. If the Corporation ceases to be a foreign private issuer, it would be required to file periodic and current reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC that require more detailed and extensive disclosure than the forms available to a foreign private issuer and would also be required to comply with Nasdaq corporate governance rules applicable to U.S. domestic issuers that may require the Corporation to alter its policies and/or the composition of its board of directors and committees thereof.

The Corporation has a limited history of operations and is in the early stage of development.

The limited operating history of the Corporation is subject to many risks common to such enterprises, including under-capitalization, cash shortages, limitations with respect to personnel, financial and other resources and lack of revenues. The Corporation may not be successful in achieving a return on shareholders’ investment, and the likelihood of its success must be considered in light of the early stage of its operations. Although the Corporation has achieved profitable quarters in the past, to date, it has not maintained consistent profitability from period to period, and no assurances can be made that the Corporation will achieve consistent profitability in the near future, if ever. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Corporation had a net loss from continuing operations of $21.9 million, which net losses were generated as the Corporation executed its business plan. There can be no assurance that the Corporation will be able to develop any of its projects profitably or that any of its activities will generate positive cash flow.

Ineffective management of growth could result in a failure to sustain the Corporation’s progress.

The Corporation has recently experienced, and may continue to experience, growth in the scope of its operations pursuant to the acquisition of additional miners and the acquisition and development of new operational facilities. This growth has resulted in increased responsibilities for the Corporation’s existing personnel, and, in general, higher levels of operating expenses. In order to manage its current operations and any future growth effectively, the Corporation will need to continue to implement and improve its operational, internal controls, financial, and management information systems, as well as hire, manage and retain employees and maintain its corporate culture. There can be no assurance that the Corporation will be able to manage such growth effectively or that its management, personnel or systems will be adequate to support the Corporation’s operations.

The Corporation may be subject to tax liabilities and consequences that could reduce the Corporation’s profitability.

The Corporation is subject to various taxes including, but not limited to the following: Canadian income tax; goods and services tax; provincial sales tax; land transfer tax; and payroll tax. The Corporation’s tax filings will be subject to audit by various taxation authorities. Due to its relative novelty, the cryptocurrency industry in particular is subject to a rapidly evolving set of rules as governments begin to regulate this industry, including in the domain of taxation. While the Corporation intends to base its tax filings and compliance on the advice of its tax advisors, there can be no assurance that its tax filing positions will not be challenged by a relevant taxation authority, which may result in an increased tax liability for the Corporation.

The Corporation may be characterized as a passive foreign investment company.

Generally, if for any taxable year 75% or more of the Corporation’s gross income is passive income, or at least 50% of the average quarterly value of the Corporation’s assets are held for the production of, or produce, passive income, the Corporation will be characterized as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the Corporation were to be characterized as a PFIC, United States holders of SV Shares could suffer adverse tax consequences, including the treatment of gains realized on the sale of SV Shares as ordinary income, rather than as capital gain, the loss of the preferential income tax rate applicable to dividends received on SV Shares by individuals who are United States holders, and the addition of interest charges to the tax on such gains and certain distributions. The Corporation does not believe that it is currently classified as a PFIC. However, the Corporation’s status as a PFIC in any taxable year requires a factual determination that depends on, among other things, the composition of its income, assets and activities in each year and can only be made annually after the close of each taxable year. Therefore, there can be no assurance that the Corporation was not or will not be classified as a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2023, the current taxable year or for any past or future taxable year, and the Corporation has not obtained any legal opinion with respect to its PFIC status for its past, current or future taxable years.

The Corporation may be exposed to risks from exchanging currencies, including currency exchange fees.

The Corporation may have financial risk exposure to varying degrees relating to the currency risk and volatility. The Corporation may raise funds and subsequently exchange such funds to another currency, which could result in costly currency exchange fees.

Currently, the Corporation does not engage in foreign currency hedging transactions to protect against fluctuations in future exchange rates, in particular, between the United States dollar and the Canadian dollar, and the Corporation may be more adversely affected by any such currency fluctuations than its competitors that engage in hedging transactions. If the Corporation engages in hedging transactions in the future, it may become exposed to risks associated with such transactions, which may not eliminate any adverse impact of future currency fluctuations on its business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and prospects.

ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE CORPORATION

A. History and Development of the Corporation

The legal and commercial name of the Corporation is Digihost Technology Inc. The Corporation was originally incorporated in Canada under the BCBCA on February 18, 2017 under the name Chortle Capital Corp. and later changed its name to HashChain Technology Inc. on September 18, 2017. HashChain was subject to the RTO by Digihost International, Inc., which closed on February 14, 2020. Prior to the closing date of the RTO, the Corporation passed a special resolution authorizing an unlimited number of PV Shares and an unlimited number of SV Shares without par value. Upon closing of the RTO, HashChain filed articles of amendment to rename itself to Digihost Technology Inc. In connection with the RTO, all the issued and outstanding 6,530,560 HashChain common shares were exchanged for 6,530,560 SV Shares, and all of Digihost’s common shares were exchanged for 33,412,490 SV Shares and 10,000 PV Shares of the Corporation.

In connection with and immediately prior to the closing of the RTO, Digihost entered into an agreement with Bit.Management, LLC, NYAM, LLC and BIT Mining International, LLC for the sale, transfer and assignment of a 100% right, title and interest in the leasehold improvements and equipment, the transfer of the lease of the Buffalo Mining Facility and transfer of a power contract for the supply of electricity at the facility. As consideration and immediately prior to the closing of the reverse takeover transaction, Digihost issued 104,000 Digihost common shares for an aggregate value of C$2,704,000. Digihost also entered into an agreement with BIT Mining International, LLC for the sale, transfer and assignment of a 100% right, title and interest in the leasehold improvements and equipment located at the Buffalo Mining Facility. As consideration and immediately prior to the closing of the reverse takeover, Digihost issued 60,000 Digihost common shares for an aggregate value of C$1,560,000.

The Corporation’s principal place of business is located at 2830 Produce Row, Houston, TX 77023 and its registered office is located at 595 Howe Street – 10th Floor, Vancouver, BC V6C 2T5. The Corporation’s phone number is (917) 242-6549. Peterson McVicar LLP serves as the Corporation’s agent for service of process in Canada and is located at 110 Yonge Street, Suite 1601, Toronto, ON M5C 1T4.

The following is a summary of the general development of the Corporation’s business over the most recently completed financial year to date:

Fiscal 2023

On January 3, 2023, the Corporation announced that initial mining capacity of 100 PH came online at the Corporation’s facility in Columbiana, Alabama during the month of December 2022. The Corporation is currently working on the design of Phase 2 for the property.

On January 20, 2023, the Corporation announced that it was made aware that a legal proceeding was filed by the Sierra Club and the Clean Air Coalition of Western New York against the PSC, challenging the PSC’s decision to approve the sale of Digifactory1 to the Corporation. The Corporation is of the view that the proceeding is not material to the closing of the acquisition and the Corporation believes that the PSC acted within its legislative authority and took all appropriate steps and measures in granting the approval.

On February 2, 2023, the Corporation announced that it received formal notice from Nasdaq stating that the Corporation regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on Nasdaq.

On February 8, 2023, the Corporation announced the completion of the acquisition of Digifactory1. Further to the Corporation’s initial news release on March 24, 2021, the terms of the acquisition were amended to reflect an all-cash purchase price, and no securities of the Corporation were issued in connection with the acquisition.

On March 2, 2023, the Corporation announced that with the completion of the Phase 1 build-out at the Corporation’s Alabama site, the Corporation’s operating capacity neared close to 100 MW, which would provide the Corporation with the ability to increase its existing computing power from 0.75 EH to a level of up to approximately 2.0 EH.

On May 16, 2023, the Corporation announced that, following discussions with Nasdaq, the Corporation expected to receive a notice letter (the “2022 20-F Notice”) from Nasdaq indicating that, as a result of not having timely filed its Annual Report on Form 20-F (the “2022 Form 20-F”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Corporation was not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1), which requires timely filing of all required periodic reports with the SEC. The Corporation did not expect that the 2022 20-F Notice would have any immediate impact on the listing of the Corporation’s securities, which continued to trade on Nasdaq, subject to the Corporation’s compliance with the other continued listing requirements of Nasdaq. The Corporation also announced that it expected to file the 2022 Form 20-F as promptly as practicable.

On July 5, 2023, the Corporation announced the achievement of certain milestones in connection with the Corporation’s green energy initiative, including that: (i) six months earlier than anticipated, the Buffalo Mining Facility was the lead anchor subscriber to a community solar project in National Grid territory that generates more than 5 MWs of renewable energy into the National Grid; and (ii) the Corporation entered into an additional New York Independent System Operator-level curtailment program that demands fast acting curtailment of load.

On July 14, 2023, the Corporation filed the 2022 Form 20-F.

On August 2, 2023, the Corporation announced that, with July 2023 being one of the warmest months ever recorded, the Corporation voluntarily curtailed its burden to assist the energy needs of its local communities in Western New York.

Subsequent to Fiscal 2023

On January 2, 2024, the Corporation announced that its Bitcoin mining hashrate reached 2 EH, more than doubling production capacity over the previous 12 months. The Corporation also announced that it expected to commence development of the North Carolina site in Q2 of 2024.

On February 9, 2024, the Corporation announced the grant of a total of 1,080,000 RSUs to certain officers, directors, key consultants and employees of the Corporation. The RSUs will vest in three equal tranches, on February 9, 2025, 2026 and 2027.

On March 5, 2024, the Corporation announced that it signed a multi-year hosting agreement with one of the world’s leading manufacturers of digital currency mining servers. Under the executed agreement, the Corporation will receive an upfront deposit of approximately $1.8 million along with 4,640 S19 XPs (21.5W/TH), which equates to approximately 14 MW of hosting.

On May 24, 2024, the Corporation announced that it received a notice letter (the “2023 20-F Notice”) from Nasdaq indicating that, as a result of not having timely filed this Annual Report, the Corporation was not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1), which requires timely filing of all required periodic reports with the SEC. The Corporation did not expect that the 2023 20-F Notice would have any immediate impact on the listing of the Corporation’s securities, which continued to trade on Nasdaq, subject to the Corporation’s compliance with the other continued listing requirements of Nasdaq. The Corporation also announced that it expected to file this Annual Report as promptly as practicable.

On July 11, 2024, the Corporation announced that it signed a profit-sharing agreement with a strategic partner. Under the executed agreement, the Corporation will integrate 11,000 state-of-the-art S21 miners (200/TH) into its facilities, translating to approximately 44 MW of hosting. This deal also includes a profit-sharing component, whereby the Corporation will receive 60% of the daily Bitcoin mining rewards earned from the S21 miners in exchange for providing the agreed upon capacity and electrical infrastructure support.

On August 5, 2024, the Corporation announced that it entered into subscription agreements with certain institutional investors for gross proceeds of up to US$4 million in a private placement of its equity securities (the “2024 Private Placement”), comprised of 3,636,363 units of the Corporation (“Units”) at a purchase price of US$1.10 per Unit, representing a premium of 9% to the most recent closing price of the Shares (as defined below) on Nasdaq. Each Unit is comprised of one SV Share of the Corporation (a “Share”) and one warrant (a “2024 Warrant”), with each 2024 Warrant entitling the holder to purchase one additional Share. The 2024 Warrants have a per Share exercise price of US$2.00 and an exercise period of three years from the issuance date. The 2024 Private Placement closed on August 15, 2024.

Capital Expenditures

For a description of our principal capital expenditures and divestitures for the three years ended December 31, 2023 and for those currently in progress, see ITEM 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”

Where You Can Find Other Information

The Corporation’s website is https://www.digihost.ca/. The Corporation files reports and other information with the SEC pursuant to the SEC’s rules and regulations that apply to foreign private issuers. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to the same disclosure requirements as a domestic U.S. registrant under the Exchange Act. For example, we are not required to prepare and issue quarterly reports and are exempt from Exchange Act rules regarding proxy statements and short-swing profits. The Corporation’s electronic filings are available for viewing on the SEC’s website at https://www.sec.gov. We also file reports under Canadian regulatory requirements on SEDAR+; you may access our reports filed on SEDAR+ by accessing www.sedarplus.ca. The information on or accessible through the websites referenced herein is not part of and is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report, and the inclusion of website addresses in this Annual Report is only for reference.

B. Business Overview

Corporate Overview

The Corporation is an innovative U.S. based Blockchain technology and computer infrastructure company, primarily focused on digital currency mining, and also a supplier of energy through its recent acquisition of a 60 MW natural gas fired power plant in North Tonawanda, New York in February 2023. The power plant currently operates as a peaker plant providing the grid with electrical power in times of peak demand. The Corporation’s operations provide its shareholders with exposure to the operating margins of digital currency mining which the Corporation believes is the most profitable application of the Corporation’s computing power, as well exposure to the power industry. As of the date of this Annual Report, the Corporation has 15 employees.

The Corporation produces digital currencies by “mining.” “Mining” is a process whereby “miners,” which are specialized computers with high amounts of computational processing power, compete to solve “blocks,” which are digital files where digital currency transactions are recorded on the Blockchain. A miner that verifies and solves a new block is awarded a newly generated quantity of coins, in an amount which is usually proportional to the miner’s contributed hashrate or work (plus a small transaction fee), as an incentive to invest their computer power, as mining is critical to the continuing functioning and security of the networks on which digital currencies operate.

A “mining pool” is a service operated by a mining pool operator that pools the resources of individual miners to share their processing power over a network. Mining pools emerged in response to the growing difficulty and network hashrate competing for Bitcoin rewards on the Bitcoin blockchain as a way of lowering costs and reducing the risk of an individual miner’s mining activities. The mining pool operator provides a service that coordinates the computing power of the independent mining enterprises participating in the mining pool. Mining pools are subject to various risks such as disruption and down time. In the event that a pool utilized by the Corporation experiences down time or is not yielding returns, results may be impacted.

The Corporation participates in a mining pool that pays Bitcoin rewards utilizing a “Full-Pay-Per-Share” payout of Bitcoin based on a contractual formula, which calculates payout primarily based on the hashrate provided by the Corporation to the mining pool as a percentage of total network hashrate of the mining pool, along with other inputs. The Corporation is entitled to consideration even if a block is not successfully placed by the mining pool operator. The Corporation transitioned its mining operations completely to mining pool participation in 2022 and utilized it for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Corporation has three mining facilities located in Buffalo, New York, North Tonawanda, New York and Columbiana, Alabama. The Corporation’s power plant is also located in North Tonawanda. The Corporation’s site in North Tonawanada is a 60 MW combined cycle plant with 1.2EH of current operating hashrate. The Corporation’s site in Buffalo is an 18.7 MW utility powered site with an operating hashrate of 350PH. The Corporation’s site in Alabama is a 22 MW utility powered site with an operating hashrate of 500PH.

Miners require significant amounts of electrical power, and these energy requirements represent the Corporation’s largest operating expense. The Corporation’s operating and maintenance expenses are therefore principally composed of electricity to power its computing equipment as well as cooling and lighting, etc. Other site expenses include leasing costs for the facilities, internet access, equipment maintenance and software optimization, and facility security, maintenance and management. Ultimately, the central production line of the Corporation is converting electrical power into digital currencies through ‘mining’. Natural gas represents the largest operating cost associated with the generation of electricity at the Corporation’s power plant.

The Corporation’s operation in the digital currency mining industry requires extensive knowledge of cryptocurrency mining, cryptocurrency economics, and Blockchain technology. Further, the Corporation’s focus on vertical integration with energy production and its focus on environmentally conscious development requires specialized knowledge of the energy procurement industry, with a particular focus on green energy. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Corporation also recognized revenues through the execution of two colocation agreements and one mining operations agreement with organizations in the digital currency space. The Corporation’s number of active miners per self-mining and colocation agreements for the year ended December 31, 2023 was approximately 13,000 and 10,700, respectively.

All key components of the Corporation’s facilities are monitored including the intake air temperature, hash board temperature, voltage, hashrate, air temperature, exhaust air temperature and humidity. All parameters are monitored and changed remotely, as required. Parallel monitoring is performed by local on-site staff who are responsible for implementing any necessary repairs to mining infrastructure. In the event that the Corporation’s remote monitoring or any parallel monitoring identifies any malfunction or technical issue, personnel are dispatched to physically inspect and, if necessary, repair defective components. The Corporation intends to maintain an inventory of all necessary components for repair, which are kept at the same facility as such operations.

During April 2021, the Corporation was approved for an account with Gemini. Gemini is a digital currency exchange and custodian that allows customers to buy, sell, and store digital assets. Gemini was the first crypto exchange and custodian in the world to complete a SOC 2 Type 1 and a SOC 2 Type 2 examination. While a SOC 2 Type 1 evaluates the design and implementation of system controls at a point in time, a SOC 2 Type 2 evaluates whether these system controls have been operating effectively over a period of time. A SOC 2 Type 2 examination is the highest level of security compliance an organization can demonstrate, and Gemini completes this examination on an annual basis. As of September 16, 2024, the Corporation had holdings of approximately 72 Bitcoins in its Gemini account. Digital currencies are measured at fair value using the quoted price on the Gemini exchange. Gemini serves as our principal market. The Corporation believes any price difference between the principal market and an aggregated price to be immaterial.

The Corporation performs credit due diligence in the normal course of business when beginning a relationship with counterparties, as well as during ongoing business activities. Gemini maintains insurance coverage for the cryptocurrency held on behalf of the Corporation in its online hot wallet. The Corporation has not been able to independently insure its mined digital currency. Given the novelty of digital currency mining and associated businesses, insurance of this nature is generally not available, or uneconomical for the Corporation to obtain which leads to the risk of inadequate insurance coverage.

On occasion, to mitigate third-party risk, the Corporation will hold a portion of its digital currencies in cold storage solutions that are not connected to the internet. The Corporation’s digital assets that are held in cold storage are stored in safety deposit boxes at a bank branch. The wallets in which the Corporation stores its cryptocurrency assets are not multi-signature wallets; however, the Corporation secures the 24-word seed phrase, which facilitates recovery of the wallets should the wallets become lost, stolen or damaged, by partitioning the seed phrase in multiple parts, and securing each part in a separate location. Each part of the seed phrase is stored in either a safe or safety deposit box, The Corporation replicates this security protocol by taking the same 24-word seed phrase, partitioning this into several parts and storing each part in a secure location in a separate safe or safety deposit box than was used for the first copy of the seed-phrase. This duplication ensures that the digital currencies held via cold storage solutions will be recoverable by the Corporation, should the Corporation’s cold-wallets become lost, stolen or damaged. During the year-ended December 31, 2023 and as of the date of this Annual Report, all of the Corporation’s cryptocurrency assets are currently held in its Gemini wallets.

The vast majority of mining is now undertaken by mining pools, whereby miners organize themselves and pool their processing power over a network and mine transactions together. Rewards are then distributed proportionately to each miner based on the work/hashpower contributed. Mining pools became popular when mining difficulty and block time increased. While the rewards for successfully solving a block become considerably lower in the case of pooling, rewards are earned on a far more consistent basis, reducing the risk to miners with smaller computational power. As of the date of this Annual Report, the Corporation participates in one mining pool in order to smooth the receipt of rewards. Mining pools generally exist for each well-known cryptocurrency.

Miner Manufacturers and Suppliers

The Corporation currently relies upon a limited number of suppliers from which it purchases miners. The prices of mining machines are negotiated on an individual basis, although the price at which a manufacturer is willing to sell miners often fluctuates with the price of the cryptocurrency that is able to be mined by the miners and, as such, may be subject to meaningful changes in price during periods of pricing volatility for cryptocurrencies. 

Sources of Energy

The Corporation’s operations use a mix of renewable energy sources, zero-carbon emissions and non-renewable sources. Currently, 93% of the electricity consumed by the Corporation’s grid-based power consumption across two sites in New York State is received from zero carbon generation. Further, more than 50% of the energy consumed at those two sites is generated from renewable sources. As the Corporation brings online its own natural gas fired power generation facility, the Corporation will focus on sourcing renewable natural gas (“RNG”) for at least 50% of natural gas consumed at the Corporation’s site in Alabama. New York State has a growing RNG ecosystem which is typically produced from anaerobic digesters at local dairy farms or from landfills.

The Corporation’s current carbon-neutrality efforts and initiatives include:

Revenues

For a description of our revenues for the three years ended December 31, 2023, see “Mining Operations” under ITEM 5.A. “Operating Results.”

Seasonality

Mining machines are energy intensive and produce a high amount of heat. Typically, machines operate more efficiently in the colder seasons when operators do not need to utilize as many cooling methods. Additionally, dry seasons may lead to a shortage in power supply, which can negatively impact the Corporation’s business operations if it experiences power supply interruption. Results of the Corporation’s business operations are largely influenced by the market value of Bitcoins, and Bitcoin volatility is tied to, among other things, its halving schedule and the other risks described in ITEM 3.D. “Risk Factors” above.

Competition

The digital currency mining industry is highly competitive. In addition, there exist many online companies that offer digital currency cloud mining services, as well as companies, individuals and groups that run their own mining farms. Miners can range from individual enthusiasts to professional mining operations with dedicated data centers, including those of the kind operated by the Corporation’s principal publicly listed competitors. There are several companies competing in the Corporation’s industry, including Riot Blockchain, Inc. (NASDAQ: RIOT), MGT Capital Investments Inc. (OTCQB: MGTI), Marathon Digital Holdings Inc. (NASDAQ: MARA), Bitfarms Ltd. (TSX / NASDAQ: BITF), Argo Blockchain Plc (LSE: ARB; NASDAQ: ARBK), Hut 8 Mining Corp. (TSX / NASDAQ: HUT), CryptoStar Corp. (TSXV: CSTR), HIVE Blockchain Technologies Ltd. (TSXV / NASDAQ: HIVE), Skychain Technologies Inc. (TSXV: SCT), DMG Blockchain Solutions Inc. (TSXV: DMGI) and Link Global Technologies Inc. (CSE: LNK).

Regulation

The laws and regulations applicable to cryptocurrency are evolving and subject to interpretation and change. Governments around the world have reacted differently to cryptocurrencies; certain governments have deemed them illegal, and others have allowed their use and trade without restriction, while in some jurisdictions, such as in the United States, cryptocurrencies are subject to extensive, and in some cases overlapping, unclear and evolving regulatory requirements. As cryptocurrencies have grown in both popularity and market value, the U.S. Congress and a number of U.S. federal and state agencies and regulators have been examining the operations of cryptocurrency networks, cryptocurrency users and miners and cryptocurrency exchange markets, with particular focus on the extent to which cryptocurrencies can be used to launder the proceeds of illegal activities or fund criminal or terrorist enterprises and the safety and soundness and consumer-protective safeguards of exchanges or other service providers that hold, transfer, trade or exchange digital assets for users. Many state and federal agencies have issued consumer advisories regarding the risks posed by cryptocurrencies to investors. In addition, federal and state agencies, and other countries have issued rules or guidance about the treatment of cryptocurrency transactions or requirements for businesses engaged in activities related to cryptocurrencies. The cryptocurrency financial system, cryptocurrency miners and cryptocurrency transactions, exchanges and other related businesses are not currently subject to significant regulation, which primarily consists of environmental regulations promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (as well as the state equivalents thereof) and the local public utility regulators that are generally applicable to owners and occupants of real estate and the consumption of energy as well as certain regulations of specific relevance to participants in cryptocurrency mining industry or adjacent elements of the cryptocurrency financial system, including rules, regulations and related guidance adopted by the SEC, the Commodities Futures Trading Commission, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the U.S. Department of Justice, the IRS and state financial regulators. Depending on the regulatory characterization of the cryptocurrencies we mine (including whether such cryptocurrencies constitute securities and/or a commodity), the markets for those cryptocurrencies in general, and our activities in particular, may be subject to rules and regulations promulgated by one or more regulators in the United States and globally. Ongoing and future regulatory actions may alter, perhaps to a materially adverse extent, the nature of cryptocurrency markets and our cryptocurrency operations. Additionally, U.S. state and federal, and foreign regulators and legislatures have taken action against cryptocurrency businesses or enacted restrictive regimes in response to adverse publicity arising from hacks, consumer harm, or criminal activity stemming from cryptocurrency activity. There is also increasing attention being paid by U.S. federal and state energy regulatory authorities as the total load of cryptocurrency mining as it grows and potentially alters the supply and dispatch functionality of the wholesale grid and retail distribution systems. Many state legislative bodies are also actively reviewing the impact of cryptocurrency mining in their respective states.

Changes, if any, in mining or investment policies or shifts in political attitude could adversely affect the Corporation’s operations or profitability. Operations have been and, in the future, may be affected in varying degrees by government regulations with respect to, but not limited to, restrictions on price controls, currency remittance, income taxes, consumption taxes, foreign investment, maintenance of claims, environmental matters, land use, electricity use and safety, as well as buying and selling cryptocurrency and other transactions involving cryptocurrency. For example, cryptocurrency mining involves considerable computing power, which is likely to increase. This computing power necessitates a high consumption of energy. Although a portion of the Corporation’s energy costs are determined and controlled by various regulators, there is no certainty that any relevant regulator will not raise energy tariffs, which may reduce the profitability of mining cryptographic currencies.

In the future, the United States (whether at the federal or state level) and any other jurisdiction where the Corporation then conducts its operations may also curtail or outlaw, the acquisition, use or redemption of cryptocurrencies. Governments may also take regulatory action that may increase the cost and/or subject cryptocurrency companies to additional regulation or prohibit or severely restrict the right to acquire, own, hold, sell, use or trade cryptocurrencies or to exchange cryptocurrencies for fiat currency. By extension, future government actions may result in restrictions on the acquisition, ownership, holding, selling, use or trading in the Corporation’s SV Shares. Any such restriction could result in the Corporation liquidating its cryptocurrency inventory at unfavorable prices and may adversely affect the Corporation’s shareholders.

Ongoing and future regulatory changes or actions may alter the nature of an investment in the Corporation or restrict the use of cryptocurrencies in a manner that adversely affects the Corporation’s operations. The effect of any future regulatory change on the Corporation or any cryptocurrency that the Corporation may mine is impossible to predict, and any such change could be substantial and adverse to the Corporation.

The Corporation believes the present attitude toward foreign investment and the cryptocurrency mining industry in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates is favorable, but conditions may change, including changes that are rapid and unexpected. The Corporation’s operations may be affected in varying degrees by government regulation with respect to restrictions on production, price controls, export and import controls, foreign exchange controls, income taxes, consumption taxes and environmental legislation, depending upon the nature of any such government regulation.

Various branches, departments and agencies of the federal government in the U.S. have solicited comments and initiated procedures to consider further regulating cryptocurrency and mining, including through proposed taxes on Mining operations and policy statements and guidance to companies in the cryptocurrency industry, as well as third parties that do business with those companies. In March 2023, the U.S. Treasury Department proposed a 30% excise tax on the cost of powering mining facilities that, if enacted, would be based on the costs of electricity used in mining and would be phased in over the next three years, increasing 10% each year. The proposal, if enacted, would also require miners, like the Corporation, to report how much electricity they use and what type of power was tapped.

Further, the global supply of miners is unpredictable and presently heavily dependent on manufacturers from Asia, which was severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and may in the future be impacted by global health pandemics and epidemics or other events outside of the Corporation’s control. The Corporation currently utilizes several types of miners as part of its mining operations, all of which are produced in Asia. Geopolitical matters may impact the Corporation’s ability to import miners in the future, and the Corporation may not be able to obtain adequate replacement parts for its existing miners or obtain additional miners from manufacturers in other jurisdictions on a timely basis.

Given the difficulty of predicting the outcomes of ongoing and future regulatory actions and legislative and geopolitical developments, it is possible that any legislative, regulatory or geopolitical change could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, prospects or operations, the magnitude and duration of which cannot be predicted.

Overall, presently, we do not believe any U.S. federal or state regulatory body has taken any action or position adverse to the production of Bitcoin or its sale or use as a medium of exchange; however, future changes to existing regulations or entirely new regulations may affect our business in ways it is not presently possible for us to predict with any reasonable degree of reliability.

C. Organizational Structure

Digihost International, Inc. is a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on October 9, 2018 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation. Other than Digihost International, Inc. and World Generation X, LLC, the Corporation does not have any significant subsidiaries.

D. Property, Plants and Equipment

Our principal executive office is located at 2830 Produce Row, Houston, TX 77023 and is approximately 20,000 square feet in size. The lease for our principal executive office will expire on April 1, 2027.

The Corporation has three mining facilities located in Buffalo, NY; North Tonawanda, NY; and Columbiana, AL. The Corporation has one power plant located in North Tonawanda.

The Buffalo Mining Facility is located at 1001 East Delavan Ave., Buffalo, New York, with over 60,000 square feet under a 99-year lease. For additional information concerning the Buffalo Facility Lease, see ITEM 10.C. “Material Contracts” below.

The North Tonawanda facility is located at 1070 Erie Ave., North Tonawanda, New York and covers approximately 13.5 acres of property. The Corporation acquired the property on February 8, 2023. It is a 60 MW power plant in North Tonawanda, New York. This renewable energy project, located in National Grid territory, is being managed by Williamsville, NY based energy supplier, EnergyMark. The community solar project is 5 MW in size and will produce roughly 9,500,000 kWh’s of clean electricity annually—enough to power more than 1,000 homes. The Corporation’s Buffalo Mining Facility remains the anchor subscriber to the project.

The Columbiana facility is located at 130 Industrial Parkway, Columbiana, Alabama. The Corporation acquired the property on June 14, 2022. The site consists of approximately 160,000 square feet of office and industrial warehouse space with initial access to 28 MW of power with a total capacity of up to 55 MW.

ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not required.

ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of the Corporation and the related notes for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Forward-Looking Statements” on page iv of this Annual Report on Form 20-F. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by forward-looking information due to, among other things, the factors discussed under ITEM 3.D. “Risk Factors” and ITEM 4.B. “Business Overview.”

A. Operating Results

Mining Operations

In the past three years, we have mined cryptocurrency, primarily Bitcoin. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Corporation generated revenues from its cryptocurrency mining operations, all of which were conducted in the U.S., of $18,128,241, $24,190,060 and $24,952,344, respectively.

The most significant factor impacting the decrease in the Corporation’s mining revenue in 2023 versus the prior year was the diversification of Corporation’s revenue streams in 2023 by entering into colocation and sale of electricity agreements. By entering into these contracts, the Corporation was able to utilize its existing infrastructure and power supply and receive consistent payment for consumption. The Corporation’s number of active miners per self-mining and colocation agreements for the year ended December 31, 2023 was approximately 13,000 and 10,700, respectively.

From these agreements, the Corporation recognized revenue from colocation service agreements of $1,675,269 for the year ended December 31, 2023 (2022: $nil) and $3,037,393 from the sale of electricity (2022: $nil). The two colocation service agreements were in place from April 2023 and September 2023, respectively, while the mining operations agreement was executed in February 2023. The Corporation recognizes revenue from its colocation and sale of electricity agreements in the following manners:

Colocation services: The Corporation recognizes revenue from its colocation services when it satisfies performance obligations by transferring the control of services, which include power provision and space rental, to customers. Revenue is recognized monthly in an amount that reflects actual power consumption, as per contractual terms, and any fixed maintenance fees are recognized over time as services are rendered to customers, aligning the recognition of revenue with the delivery of services. The transaction price for colocation services includes both fixed fees and variable considerations, which are incorporated only if a significant reversal in the future is deemed unlikely.

Sale of electricity: The Corporation recognizes revenue from the sale of electricity when it has satisfied its performance obligation, which occurs as the electricity is provided to the customer. The Corporation supplies the requisite power and ancillary operational functions in order for the digital currency mining equipment on its property to run efficiently outside of its facilities. Revenue is recorded monthly based on the actual consumption of energy by the customer, at the price determined by the contract. This reflects the Corporation’s performance and the customer’s consumption benefits, with variable consideration being recognized in the period it is due. The transaction price for sale of electricity includes both fixed fees and variable considerations, which are incorporated only if a significant reversal in the future is deemed unlikely.

The Corporation also recognized revenue from the sale of energy of $3,272,005 for the period, compared to $nil in 2022, as the Corporation acquired a 60 MW power plant during Q1 2023. Revenue from this acquisition of a business is recognized each month through the operations of the plant through its available capacity that can be sold, and actual generation of power sold.

Bitcoin

As of December 31, 2023, the Corporation held a total of approximately 19 Bitcoins with an inventory value of $822,884 based on the Bitcoin price as of that date per the Gemini exchange. For the 12-month period ended December 31, 2023, the Corporation mined approximately 640 Bitcoins compared to a total of approximately 832 Bitcoins for the 12-month period ended December 31, 2022, representing a decrease of 23%.

Bitcoins mined decreased as compared to 2022 as the Corporation entered into various hosting and colocation agreements to diversify its operations in 2023, which decreased the amount of coins mined.

Ethereum

As of December 31, 2023, the Corporation held a total of nil ETH as inventory was converted to cash during Q1 2023.

As of December 31, 2022, the Corporation held a total of 801 ETH with a value of $958,480 based upon the ETH price on December 31, 2022.

Updates and Expansion

On February 7, 2023, the Corporation announced that it had completed the acquisition of a 60 MW power plant in North Tonawanda, NY. Further to the Corporation’s initial news release on March 24, 2021, the terms of the acquisition were amended to reflect an all-cash purchase price using internal funds. No shares of the Corporation were issued in connection with the acquisition.

The acquisition represents a significant milestone in the Corporation’s ongoing infrastructure expansion strategy. As a result of the acquisition, the Corporation’s consolidated operating capacity across its three sites represents approximately 90 MW of available power, representing approximately 2 EH/s of computing power. The generator capacity will continue flexible operation to ensure that 24/7 dispatchable supply is made available to area residents, businesses and industry to mitigate impacts of power interruptions in concert with directives of the New York Independent System Operator (NYISO).

A Mining Operations Agreement was entered into on February 16, 2023 by and between the Corporation and Northern Data NY, LLC. Under the terms of the agreement, Digihost agreed to provide the requisite power and ancillary operational functions in order for the digital currency mining equipment on its property to run efficiently outside of its facilities. The agreement was not renewed by the December 31, 2023 renewal date and expired in April 2024. Subsequently, the parties entered into a new agreement that expired on June 27, 2024. There are currently no plans for the parties to pursue an additional agreement.

A Colocation Services Agreement was entered into on April 20, 2023 by and between the Corporation and Bit Digital USA, Inc. Under the terms of the agreement, Digihost will provide hosting services in return for reimbursement of power consumption per the contractual terms.

A Colocation Services Agreement was entered into on September 21, 2023 by and between the Corporation and Corner Energy LTD. Under the terms of the agreement, Digihost will provide hosting services in return for reimbursement of power consumption per the contractual terms.

On March 5, 2024, the Corporation announced that it signed a multi-year hosting agreement with one of the world’s leading manufacturers of digital currency mining servers. Under the agreement, Digihost will receive an upfront deposit along with 4,640 S19 XPs (21.5W/TH), which equates to approximately 14 MW of hosting. The deployment resulted in an expected hash rate increase of approximately 700 PH/s, bringing the Corporation’s total hash rate to 2.4 EH/s.

On July 11, 2024, the Corporation announced that it signed a profit-sharing agreement with a strategic partner. Under the executed agreement, the Corporation will integrate 11,000 state-of-the-art S21 miners (200/TH) into its facilities, translating to approximately 44 MW of hosting. This deal also includes a profit-sharing component, whereby the Corporation will receive 60% of the daily Bitcoin mining rewards earned from the S21 miners in exchange for providing the agreed upon capacity and electrical infrastructure support.

Regulatory Environment

The Corporation is subject to government regulation in each jurisdiction in which it operates, and various jurisdictions may from time to time adopt laws, regulations or directives that affect the Corporation’s business. The Corporation is subject to regulatory risks with regard to mining, holding, using or transferring cryptocurrencies, and the uncertainty of the regulatory environment and the Corporation’s ability to anticipate and respond to potential changes in government policies and regulations may have a significant impact on the Corporation’s business operations in countries the Corporation operates. Regulations have impacted or could impact the nature of and scope of offerings the Corporation is able to make available, the pricing of the Corporation’s offerings, the Corporation’s relationship with, and incentives, fees and commissions provided to or charged from, the Corporation’s business partners, and the Corporation’s ability to operate in certain segments of its business, among others. The Corporation expects that its ability to manage its relationships with regulators in each of its markets, as well as existing and evolving regulations, will continue to impact its results in the future. For additional information concerning the regulations to which the Corporation and its business are subject, as well as the risk factors attendant thereto, see the “Regulation” section under ITEM 4.B. “Business Overview” and ITEM 3.D. “Risk Factors.”

At-the-Market Offering

See Part II, ITEM 14.E. under the heading “At-the-Market Offering” below.

Custodial Services for Digital Currencies

The Corporation has a digital custody account with Gemini. Gemini is a digital currency exchange and custodian that allows customers to buy, sell, and store its digital assets. Gemini holds 100% of the Corporation’s cryptocurrency assets in hot storage. Gemini is not a related party of the Corporation. The Corporation is not aware of anything with regards to Gemini’s operations that would adversely affect the Corporation’s ability to obtain an unqualified audit opinion on its audited financial statements.

The Corporation has chosen to hold its full inventory of cryptocurrency assets with Gemini due to its track record in the industry. Gemini is a New York trust company regulated by the New York State Department of Financial Services and is the foreign equivalent of a Canadian financial institution (as that term is defined in National Instrument 45-106 – Prospectus Exemption). Gemini is a qualified custodian under New York Banking Law and is licensed by the State of New York to custody digital assets. Gemini has not appointed a sub-custodian to hold any of the Corporation’s cryptocurrencies. Gemini has US$100 million in insurance coverage split between US$25 million of commercial crime insurance for digital assets held in online hot wallets and US$75 million for offline, cold storage insurance coverage. Although the Corporation has historically utilized both cold and hot storage for its digital crypto assets with Gemini, the Corporation currently holds all its cryptocurrencies custodied with Gemini in hot storage.

The Corporation has conducted due diligence on Gemini and has not identified any material concerns. It routinely reviews and verifies its asset balances on public Blockchain explorers. Management of the Corporation is not aware of any security breaches or other similar incidents involving Gemini that resulted in lost or stolen cryptocurrency assets. In the event of an insolvency or bankruptcy of Gemini, the Corporation would write off as losses any unrecoverable cryptocurrency assets.

In order to monitor Gemini, the Corporation relies on system and organization controls provided by a SOC 2 Type II report, which was undertaken by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent audit firm. A SOC 2 Type II certification and report are viewed as instrumental in providing verification to third parties that appropriate controls have been put in place to safeguard the Corporation’s cryptocurrency assets, specifically as it relates to having strict security and data protection processes and protocols.

In general, a SOC 2 Type II certification is issued by an outside auditor that evaluates the extent to which a vendor complies with five trust principles based on the systems and processes in place. These five principles include the following:

The Corporation has elected to use Gemini as its sole custodian as Gemini compiles documented controls that can be provided to the Corporation, such as the SOC 2 Type II certification. The Corporation reviews the SOC 2 Type II report to ensure it maintains a secure technology infrastructure and the security systems designed to safeguard cryptocurrency assets are operating effectively. To date, the Corporation has not identified any material concerns based on its review of the SOC 2 Type II report.

Gemini maintains insurance coverage for the cryptocurrency held on behalf of the Corporation in its online hot wallet. The Corporation is in the process of looking to insure the remainder of its mined digital currency. Given the novelty of digital currency mining and associated businesses, insurance of this nature is generally not available, or is uneconomical for the Corporation to obtain, which leads to the risk of inadequate insurance cover.

On occasion, to mitigate third-party risk, the Corporation will hold a portion of its digital currencies in cold storage solutions that are not connected to the internet. The Corporation’s digital assets that are held in cold storage are stored in safety deposit boxes at a bank branch. The wallets in which the Corporation stores its cryptocurrency assets are not multi-signature wallets; however, the Corporation secures the 24-word seed phrase, which facilitates recovery of the wallets should the wallets become lost, stolen or damaged, by partitioning the seed phrase in multiple parts, and securing each part in a separate location. Each part of the seed phrase is stored in either a safe or safety deposit box. The Corporation replicates this security protocol by taking the same 24-word seed phrase, partitioning this into several parts and storing each part in a secure location in a separate safe or safety deposit box than was used for the first copy of the seed-phrase. This duplication ensures that the digital currencies held via cold storage solutions will be recoverable by the Corporation, should the Corporation’s cold-wallets become lost, stolen or damaged. During the year ended December 31, 2023 and as of the date of this Annual Report, all of the Corporation’s cryptocurrency assets were held in its Gemini wallets.

Selected Financial Information

Adjusted EBITDA – NON-GAAP MEASURE

“Adjusted EBITDA” is a metric used by management which is income (loss) from operations, as reported, before interest, tax, and adjusted for removing other non-cash items, including, depreciation, and further adjusted to remove acquisition-related costs, share based compensation costs, and unusual expenses. Management believes “Adjusted EBITDA” is a useful financial metric to assess its operating performance on a cash basis before the impact of non-cash items and acquisition related activities.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022:

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Corporation’s net loss was $21,729,107 compared to net income of $4,329,342 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The year over year increase in net loss and decrease in net income is a result of the following:

Revenue

Revenue from Bitcoin mining was $18,128,241 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $24,190,060 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Corporation mined 640 Bitcoins at an average Bitcoin price of US$28,861 (from Gemini) compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, in which the Corporation mined 832 Bitcoins at an average price of Bitcoin of US$28,198 (from CoinMarketCap). The Corporation began using Gemini as its principal market during the year ended December 31, 2023. The Corporation believes any price difference between the principal market and an aggregated price, such as CoinMarketCap, to be immaterial.

With the average price of Bitcoin remaining consistent on a year-over-year basis and Bitcoin network difficulty increasing, the most significant factor impacting the decrease in the Corporation’s mining revenue in 2023 versus the prior year was the diversification of Corporation’s revenue streams in 2023 by entering into colocation and sale of electricity agreements. By entering into these contracts, the Corporation was able to utilize its existing infrastructure and power supply and receive consistent payment for consumption.

From these agreements, the Corporation recognized revenue from colocation service agreements of $1,675,269 for the year ended December 31, 2023 (2022: $nil) and $3,037,393 from the sale of electricity (2022: $nil). The two colocation service agreements were in place from April 2023 and September 2023, respectively, while the mining operations agreement was executed in February 2023. See ITEM 5.A. “Mining Operations” for a description of the manner in which the Corporation recognizes revenue from such arrangements.

The Corporation also recognized revenue from the sale of energy of $3,272,005 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $nil in 2022, as the Corporation acquired a 60 MW power plant during Q1 2023. Revenue from this acquisition of a business is recognized each month through the operations of the plant through its available capacity that can be sold, and actual generation of power sold.

Cost of Sales

The Corporation’s cost of sales was $35,780,032 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $30,987,397 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Cost of revenue increased by $2,457,138 as compared to the prior year due primarily to the costs associated with the North Tonawanda power plant of $4,225,676 (2022: $nil), which included fuel, gas, carbon emission, contract labor, and general repair and maintenance costs.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $4,214,311 year over year as approximately $14.3 million of assets related to the Corporation’s acquisition of the North Tonawanda power plant were put into use during the first half of 2023. The Corporation also placed into service additional infrastructure buildout and mining equipment during the year.

Miner and lease hosting agreement expense decreased by $1,878,814 as the Corporation’s prior agreements expired during Q1 2023.

General, Administrative & Other Expenses

The Corporation’s general and administrative expenses were $7,653,629 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 21,430,037 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The primary variances from the year ended December 31, 2022 were due to:

Other income/expense items of note for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 include the revaluation of the warrant liabilities, which resulted in a loss of $4.52 million (2022: gain of $32.01 million).

For the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021:

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Corporation’s net income was $4,329,342 compared to net loss of $3,132,693 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The year over year increase in net income and decrease in net loss of $7,462,035 is a result of the following:

Revenue

Revenue from Bitcoin mining was $24,190,060 for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $24,952,344 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Corporation mined 832 Bitcoins at an average Bitcoin price of US$28,198 (from CoinMarketCap) compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, where the Corporation mined 519 Bitcoins at an average price of Bitcoin of US$47,430 (from CoinMarketCap). The Corporation began using Gemini as its principal market during the year ended December 31, 2023. The Corporation believes any price difference between the principal market and an aggregated price, such as CoinMarketCap, to be immaterial.

Despite the significant drop in Bitcoin prices throughout 2022 from 2021 levels, the Corporation was able to maintain its revenue on a year over year basis due to the growth of the organization’s mining operation (hashrate went from approximately 400 PH/s as of December 31, 2021, to approximately 650 PH/s as of December 31, 2022) and the commencement of revenues associated with various hosting agreements, which offset the decrease in average Bitcoin price mentioned above.

Cost of Sales

The Corporation’s cost of sales was $30,987,397 for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $13,823,194 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

The overall growth in cost of sales was due to the increase in energy and infrastructure related expenses in both New York and Alabama along with an increase in depreciation and amortization expense. Energy and infrastructure expenses increased by $8.7 million year over year primarily due to the recognition of expense per the Corporation’s hosting agreements of $7.2 million. The addition of incremental miners increased the Corporation’s hashrate from approximately 400 PH/s as of December 31, 2021 to approximately 650 PH/s as of December 31, 2022. Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $7.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 as a significant portion of the Corporation’s 10,000 miners purchased in 2021 were placed into service during 2022 along with the accompanying electrical infrastructure.

General, Administrative & Other Expenses

The Corporation’s general and administrative expenses were $21,417,568 for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $8,206,372 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

The primary variances from the year ended December 31, 2021 were due to:

Other income/expense items in the current year include the revaluation of the warrant liabilities which resulted in a gain of $32.01 million, causing an offset to the operating loss and leading to current year net income. In 2021, the Corporation had minimal sales of digital currency and recognized a revaluation of warrant liabilities gain of only $1.55 million.

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity and Financial Position

As of December 31, 2023, the Corporation had a negative working capital balance of $3,064,351, including digital currencies of $822,884. The Corporation commenced earning revenue from digital currency mining in mid-February 2020; however, it has limited operating history, and there can be no assurance that the Corporation’s historical performance will be indicative of its future performance.

The Corporation’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Corporation’s ability to efficiently mine and liquidate digital currencies, manage operational expenses, and raise additional funds through debt or equity financing.

Capital Resources

The Corporation’s capital management objective is to provide the financial resources that will enable the Corporation to maximize the return to its shareholders while also enhancing its cost of capital. In order to achieve this goal, the Corporation monitors its capital structure and adjusts as required in response to an ever-changing economic environment and the various risks to which the Corporation is exposed. The Corporation’s approach for attaining this objective is to preserve a flexible capital structure that optimizes the cost of capital at a satisfactory level of risk, to maintain its ability to meet financial obligations as they come due, and to ensure the Corporation has appropriate financial resources to fund its organic and acquisitive growth. The Corporation does not currently participate in hedging activities.

The Corporation anticipates that its existing financial resources will be sufficient to put into operation all previously announced acquisitions of mining hardware along with the infrastructure needed to support the North Tonawanda power plant acquisition. In order to achieve its future business objectives, the Corporation may need to liquidate or borrow against the Bitcoin that have been accumulated as of the date hereof as well as Bitcoin generated from ongoing operations, which may or may not be possible on commercially attractive terms, or at all.

The Corporation presently anticipates that additional financing may be required to acquire additional power generation facilities in the future in order to meet the Corporation’s objective of hashing a total of 6 EH/s of power by the end of 2024. The Corporation also anticipates that additional financing could be required to purchase the next generation miners required to utilize its maximum mining capacity and is looking for attractive joint venture and hosting colocation deals in order to help expand its capital position.

The Corporation may manage its capital structure by issuing equity, seeking financing through loan products, adjusting capital spending, entering into beneficial hosting or colocation agreements, or disposing of assets.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $5,692,022 as compared to cash used by operating activities of $3,410,899 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The difference is primarily attributable to the increase in depreciation and amortization expense on a comparative basis ($14,923,419 in 2023 versus $10,657,144 in 2022), an increase in digital currency items ($1,388,123 in 2023 versus $15,528,972 in 2022), a change in warrant liability (a $4,522,523 loss in 2023 versus a $32,010,637 gain in 2022) and a gain on sale of equipment of $1,140,658 in 2022 ($nil in 2023).

Cash used by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $2,342,899 as compared to cash used by operating activities of $8,859,594 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The difference is primarily attributable to digital assets mined which were liquidated for cash, totaling $15.28 million in 2022, versus $nil in the prior year, which offset other operating activity adjustments in the current year.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $7,257,482 as compared to $14,513,038 for the year ended December 31, 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2023, cash of $4,749,666 was used for the purchase of the North Tonawanda power plant and $3,007,766 was used for the purchase of equipment, with $499,950 received from the sale of equipment. In the prior year, there were proceeds from the sale of old miners of $795,000 partially offsetting the purchase of equipment for $14,685,038 and the acquisition of digital currency of $623,000.

Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $15,581,038 as compared to $34,724,780 for the year ended December 31, 2021. In the current year, cash of $14,685,038 was used for the purchase of equipment and cash of $623,000 was used for the acquisition of digital currency call options, which were slightly offset by proceeds from the sale of equipment of $795,000. In the prior year, cash of $33,924,780 was used for the procurement of equipment.

Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $56,111 as compared to $18,858,844 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The drivers of the balance in the current period were proceeds of a loan payable of $691,500 and proceeds of shares issued for cash of $1,073,244, partly offset by repayment of loans of $1,027,753 and lease payments of $146,880. In the prior year, the Corporation received proceeds from a private placement of $8,314,269, proceeds from a loan payable of $10,000,000 and proceeds from pre-funded warrants of $1,029,600, partly offset by the repurchase of shares of $255,525 and lease payments of $96,000.

Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $18,858,844 as compared to $44,468,839 for the year ended December 31, 2021. During 2022, the primary drivers were that the Corporation received proceeds from a private placement of $8,314,269 and proceeds from a loan payable of $10,000,000. The driver of the cash provided for the year ended December 31, 2021 was proceeds from private placements of $50,218,09 that were slightly offset by repayment of loans payable, lease payments and repurchase of shares of $5,749,254.

Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditures for the last three years, which principally consisted of mining assets, equipment and infrastructure needed to support the Corporation’s mining operations, were as follows:

Indebtedness

For a description of Digihost’s loan agreement with Doge Capital LLC, see ITEM 7.B. “Related Party Transactions.” Other than the Loan Agreement, the Corporation is not a party or otherwise subject to any credit facilities or other borrowing arrangements.

C. Research and Development

None.

D. Trend Information

The profitability of the Corporation’s operations has been and will continue to be significantly affected by changes in the spot price of cryptocurrencies, specifically Bitcoin. Cryptocurrency prices (and Bitcoin prices in particular) are highly volatile, fluctuating due to numerous factors beyond the Corporation’s control, including speculation and incomplete information, rapidly changing investor sentiment, changes in technology, regulatory changes, fraudulent or malicious actors, coverage of cryptocurrency in the media, inflation, and political or economic events as well as market acceptance and demand for cryptocurrency. The market price of one Bitcoin on the Gemini exchange ranged from approximately $16,600 to $44,200 during the year ended December 31, 2023 and ranged from approximately $15,600 to $48,100 during the year ended December 31, 2022. Because the Corporation does not currently hedge its investment in Bitcoin, the Corporation is directly exposed to Bitcoin’s price volatility and surrounding risks.

Currently, the Corporation does not use a formula or specific methodology to determine whether or when it will sell Bitcoin that it holds, or the number of Bitcoin it will sell. Rather, decisions to hold or sell Bitcoins are currently determined by management by analyzing forecasts and monitoring the market in real time. Such decisions, however well-informed, may result in untimely sales and even losses, adversely affecting an investment in the Corporation. If cryptocurrency spot prices decline and remain at low market levels for a sustained period while network difficulty does not decrease proportionally, the Corporation’s results of operations and financial condition, as well as the trading price of the Corporation’s SV Shares, could be materially adversely affected.

Cryptocurrencies may be subject to momentum pricing, which is typically associated with growth stocks and other assets whose valuation, as determined by the investing public, accounts for anticipated future appreciation in value. Cryptocurrency market prices are determined primarily using data from various exchanges, over-the-counter markets, and derivative platforms. Momentum pricing may have resulted, and may continue to result, in speculation regarding future appreciation in the value of cryptocurrencies, inflating their market prices and making those market prices more volatile. As a result, cryptocurrency market prices may be more likely to fluctuate due to changing investor confidence in future appreciation (or depreciation) in their market prices, which could adversely affect the Corporation’s business, financial condition and results of operations as well as the market price for the SV Shares.

In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. Specifically, the trading price of the Corporation’s SV Shares has already been correlated, and, in the future, is likely to continue to be highly correlated, to the trading prices of Bitcoin. The Corporation’s operating results and financial condition have been and may continue to be adversely affected by declines in cryptocurrency market prices.

For a discussion of additional uncertainties, trends and other events that may have a material effect on the Corporation’s business, results of operations and financial condition, see ITEM 3.D. “Risk Factors” and ITEM 4.B. “Business Overview.”

E. Critical Accounting Estimates

Our financial statements are presented in IFRS as issued by the IASB. For summary information about critical judgments, assumptions and estimation uncertainties in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements, see note 2 to our financial statements included in ITEM 17. “Financial Statements” below.

ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

A. Directors and Senior Management

The following table sets out, for each of the Corporation’s directors and executive officers, the person’s name, province and country of residence, positions with the Corporation and principal occupation within the last five years. Each director is expected to hold office until the next annual meeting of the Corporation unless his or her office is earlier vacated.

Michel Amar

Mr. Amar is a French-American businessman and entrepreneur known for his success in innovative technology, such as Blockchain and electronics, as well as developing branded fashion. With a Bachelor’s degree in accounting and business management, Mr. Amar has worked and consulted with some of the most famous international brands, playing a vital role in their profitability and continued relevance. In 2019, Mr. Amar partnered with Brookstone, a novelty retailer, in developing exclusive, technologically advanced products for their consumer electronics market.

Alec Amar

Mr. Amar is an entrepreneur who has achieved success in both product development and licensing, as well as Blockchain solutions. After graduating from the University of Southern California with a degree in economics and digital entrepreneurship, Mr. Amar devised and headed a Blockchain operation, building out highly efficient and productive mining facilities. In addition to Blockchain success, Mr. Amar’s product licensing company, MAT, a versatile R&D incubator, has partnered with notable brands such as Brookstone, in developing innovative electronics. As one of the sole licensees of Brookstone, Mr. Amar is actively curating a collection of intelligent, proprietary consumer electronics.

Adam S. Rossman

Mr. Rossman is a business and real estate attorney. He is a member of the California Bar since 1995. Mr. Rossman has handled transactions throughout the United States relating to commercial real estate and trademark licensing. Mr. Rossman maintains offices in Beverly Hills, CA. Mr. Rossman received his JD from Loyola Law School, Los Angeles in 1994 and an MA in Rhetoric in 1990 and a BA in Rhetoric in 1988, both from the University of California at Berkeley.

Gerard Rotonda

Mr. Rotonda was the Chief Financial Officer and Executive Committee Member for Deutsche Bank Wealth, Management Americas from 2011 through 2018. Mr. Rotonda has over 30 years of experience in business development and financial analysis, most recently as Co-Founder and Partner at MMR Development, a real estate company which develops or repositions office, residential and hotel properties. Mr. Rotonda has also been Senior Business Leader and Director Strategy and Planning at MasterCard Incorporated, Director Strategic Planning at Credit Suisse Group, and Vice President Investment Finance and Structured Lending at Citigroup. Mr. Rotonda holds a BSBA in Accounting and MBA from Boston University.

Zhichao Li

Ms. Li is an entrepreneur and environmentalist, who has dedicated herself to developing innovative technologies and creating positive social impacts. She served as the senior Vice President of Blockchain Dynamics upon joining and oversaw the Blockchain business from financials to operations. As an early adopter of Blockchain technology, Ms. Li has successfully invested and managed infrastructure, manufacturing, and supply chains for public companies and start-ups. As the Acting Secretariat Director of the International Ecological Economy Promotion Association and Climate Change Manger in WildAid, Ms. Li believes and promotes energy conservation and sustainable development across more than 30 countries and leads the team to address how individual choices, be it on energy use, food choice, or transportation, can make a difference for climate change. Ms. Li holds a Master’s degree in Business Administration from Tsinghua University in 2019 and Master of Art in the University of St. Andrews in 2010.

Paul Ciullo

Mr. Ciullo has a diverse professional background and specialized in financial reporting and project management during his 15 years spent working in senior corporate finance and accounting positions for various Fortune 500 companies. Mr. Ciullo is an entrepreneur who is a partner in an IT services organization. He has served as CFO for various publicly traded start-up companies, including a CSE listed brand licensing group. He also has experience in Blockchain technology and cryptocurrency accounting, having served as Digihost’s CFO for two years. Mr. Ciullo has extensive capital markets experience, is accustomed to delivering results in highly demanding environments and has consistently been able to drive measurable improvements and operating efficiencies in the businesses that he has been involved in.

Based in New York, Mr. Ciullo is a CPA who obtained a Bachelor’s of Science in Accounting from the State University of New York at Geneseo and an MBA from Pennsylvania State University. Mr. Ciullo has over 20 years of experience in senior corporate finance and accounting positions for Fortune 500 companies, including General Electric (NYSE: GE) and Xerox (Nasdaq: XRX). Prior to joining the Corporation, Paul served as the Director of Finance for Conduent Legal and Compliance Services, specializing in financial reporting and project management.

Relationships Among Officers and Directors

Michel Amar, the Corporation’s CEO, Chairman and a director, is the father of Alec Amar, the Corporation’s President and a director.

B. Compensation

Management and Directors

The total compensation paid during the financial year ended December 31, 2023 to the members of management of the Corporation (the “Executives”) and to directors of the Corporation is set out in the Summary Compensation Table below.

Oversight and Description of Director and Executive Compensation

Compensation plays an important role in achieving short- and long-term business objectives that ultimately drive business success. The Corporation’s compensation philosophy is to foster entrepreneurship at all levels of the organization through, among other things, the granting of Options and RSUs for SV Shares, which will be a significant component of executive compensation. This approach is based on the assumption that the performance of the SV Share price over the long term is an important indicator of long-term performance.

The Corporation’s compensation philosophy is based on the following fundamental principles:

The objectives of the compensation program in compensating all Executives will be developed based on the above-mentioned compensation philosophy and will be as follows:

The Corporation believes that transparent, objective and easily verified corporate goals, combined with individual performance goals, play an important role in creating and maintaining an effective compensation strategy for the Executives. The Corporation’s objective is to establish benchmarks and targets for its Executives that will enhance shareholder value if achieved.

The compensation committee of the Board (the “Compensation Committee”) assists the Board in its oversight of compensation. The Compensation Committee is comprised of Adam Rossman (Chair), Gerard Rotonda and Alec Amar. Messrs. Rossman and Rotonda are considered “independent” within the meaning of Canadian Securities Administrator’s National Instrument 58-101 – Disclosure of Corporate Governance Practices (“NI 58-101”). The Compensation Committee ensures an objective process for determining compensation by providing that a majority of members of the Compensation Committee are considered independent within the meaning of NI 58-101.

The Compensation Committee is responsible for considering, establishing and reviewing executive compensation programs, and whether the programs encourage unnecessary or excessive risk taking. The Corporation anticipates the programs will be balanced and will not motivate unnecessary or excessive risk taking. The Corporation’s security trading policy restricts directors or Executives from purchasing financial instruments, including, for greater certainty, prepaid variable forward contracts, equity swaps, collars, or units of TSXV funds that are designed to hedge or offset a decrease in market value of equity. To the knowledge of the Corporation, as of the date of hereof, no director or Executive of the Corporation has participated in the purchase of such financial instruments.

Base salaries, if any, are fixed in amount and do not encourage risk taking. While annual incentive awards will focus on the achievement of short-term or annual goals and short-term goals may encourage the taking of short-term risks at the expense of long-term results, the Corporation’s annual incentive award program will represent a small percentage of employees’ compensation opportunities.

Share-based awards are important to further align employees’ interests with those of the Shareholders. The ultimate value of the awards is tied to the price of the SV Shares and since awards are expected to be staggered and may be subject to long-term vesting schedules, they will help ensure that directors and Executives have significant value tied in long-term stock price performance.

Aggregate compensation for each Executive is designed to be competitive. The Compensation Committee will review from time to time the compensation practices of similarly situated companies when considering the Corporation’s executive compensation practices.

The Compensation Committee reviews each element of compensation for market competitiveness, and although it may weigh a particular element more heavily based on the Executive’s role within the Corporation, it is primarily focused on remaining competitive in the market with respect to total compensation.

From time to time, on an ad hoc basis, the Compensation Committee will review data related to compensation levels and programs of various companies that are similar in size to the Corporation and operate within technology industries or other emerging sectors. The Compensation Committee also relies on the experience of its members as officers and/or directors at other companies in similar lines of business as the Corporation in assessing compensation levels. These other companies are identified in this Annual Report on Form 20-F under ITEM 6.C. “Board Practices.”

Compensation Governance

The Compensation Committee is responsible for ensuring that the Corporation has in place an appropriate plan for executive compensation and for making recommendations to the Board with respect to the compensation of the Corporation’s executive officers. The Compensation Committee ensures that total compensation paid to all Executives is fair, reasonable, and consistent with the Corporation’s compensation philosophy.

A combination of fixed and variable compensation is used to motivate executive officers to achieve overall corporate goals. The three basic components of the Corporation’s executive officer compensation program are:

Base salaries, if any, are paid in cash and constitute the fixed portion of the total compensation paid to executive officers. Annual incentives and option-based compensation comprise the remainder, and represent compensation that is “at risk” and thus may or may not be paid to the respective executive officer depending on: (i) whether the executive officer is able to meet or exceed his or her applicable performance targets; and (ii) market performance of the SV Shares. To date, no specific formula has been developed to assign a specific weighting to each of these components. Instead, the Board will consider each performance target and the Corporation’s performance and assign compensation based on this assessment.

Base Salary

The Compensation Committee approves the salary ranges for the Executives. The base salary review for each Executive is based on an assessment of factors such as current competitive market conditions, compensation levels and practices of similarly situated companies and particular skills, such as leadership ability and management effectiveness, experience, responsibility and proven or expected performance of the particular individual. The Corporation may consider comparative data for the Corporation’s peer group, which are accumulated from a number of external sources including independent consultants. The Corporation’s policy for determining salary for executive officers will be consistent with the administration of salaries for all other employees.

Annual Incentive (Cash Bonus) Payments

Cash annual incentive awards are based on various personal and company-wide achievements. Performance goals for annual incentive payments are subjective and include achieving individual and corporate targets and objectives, as well as general performance in day-to-day corporate activities.

The Board approves target annual incentive amounts for each Executive at the beginning of each financial year. The Compensation Committee determines target amounts based on a number of factors, including comparable compensation of similar companies. Funding of the annual incentive awards is capped at the Corporation level and the distribution of funds to the executive officers will be at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. Each Executive may receive partial or full payment of the target annual incentive amount set by the Compensation Committee at the beginning of each financial year, depending on the number of the predetermined targets met, and the assessment of such Executive’s overall performance by the Compensation Committee and the Board.

In order to develop a recommendation to the Board regarding annual incentive payments, the Compensation Committee assesses Executive performance subjectively, considering each Executive’s respective success in achieving his or her individual objectives, contributions to the achievement of the Corporation’s goals, and contributions to meeting the needs of the Corporation that arise on a day-to-day basis. If the Compensation Committee cannot unanimously agree on a recommendation in respect of an Executive’s annual incentive payment, the matter is referred to the full Board for decision.

The Board relies heavily on the recommendations of the Compensation Committee in granting annual incentives. However, the Board reserves ultimate discretion in determining whether each Executive has met his or her targets, and has the right make positive or negative adjustments to any annual incentive payment recommended by the Compensation Committee that it deems appropriate.

Long-Term Incentive Compensation

Options and RSUs may be granted to directors, management, employees and certain service providers as long-term incentives to align the individual’s interests with those of the Corporation. Options and RSUs are awarded to directors and employees, including Executives, at the Board’s discretion, on the recommendation of the Compensation Committee. Decisions with respect to options and RSUs granted are based upon the individual’s level of responsibility and their contribution towards the Corporation’s goals and objectives, and additionally may be awarded in recognition of the achievement of a particular goal or extraordinary service. The Board and the Compensation Committee consider outstanding Options and RSUs granted under the Corporation’s share incentive plan (the “Stock Option Plan”) and restricted share unit incentive plan (the “RSU Plan”) and held by management in determining whether to make any new grants of Options and RSUs, and the quantum or terms of any Options or RSUs grant.

The objective of the RSU Plan is to further aid in retaining eligible employees while maintaining alignment of compensation with the long-term share price performance provided to the Corporation’s Shareholders. RSUs aid in promoting greater share ownership by executives and employees at the Corporation and aligning the Corporation compensation practices closer to market practices. Furthermore, the RSU Plan diversifies the types of incentive-based compensation, enabling the Board to better tailor such awards to the duties and responsibilities of the Directors, Employees and Consultants (collectively referred to as “Service Providers” within the plan document). While initially intended to only vest based on the continued service of Eligible Persons (as defined in the RSU Plan) with the Corporation, in the future, the RSU Plan will also provide the Board with the alternative of establishing specific performance-based goals in addition to service-based restrictions when determining the vesting of specific RSU grants. This will provide the opportunity to further strengthen the alignment of interests of eligible employees (namely executives) with the achievement of the Corporation’s long-term strategic plan and the interests of Shareholders.

The objective of the Corporation’s Stock Option Plan is to further aid in retaining qualified talent while maintaining alignment of compensation with the long-term share price performance provided to the Corporation’s shareholders. Options are awarded to directors, consultants and employees, including Executives, at the Board’s discretion, on the recommendation of the Compensation Committee. Decisions with respect to Options granted are based upon the individual’s level of responsibility and their contribution towards the Corporation’s goals and objectives, and additionally may be awarded in recognition of the achievement of a particular goal or extraordinary service. The Compensation Committee considers outstanding Options granted under the Stock Option Plan held by management in determining whether to make any new grants of Options, and the quantum or terms of any Option grant.

In order to arrive at a particular recommendation for performance-based compensation under the Stock Option Plan, the Compensation Committee will use objectively determinable performance targets, where possible, under one or more of the following business criteria, individually or in combination: (i) Technical Matters; (ii) Capital Markets; (iii) Corporate Development; (iv) Community Initiatives; (v) Operational Matters; and (vi) Board Liaison Matters.

Stock Option Plan

The Stock Option Plan was adopted by the Board on October 23, 2017 and must be re-approved by the shareholders on a yearly basis pursuant to the policies of the TSXV. The Stock Option Plan was last approved by shareholders at the last annual and special meeting of the Corporation held on July 28, 2023.

Pursuant to the adoption of Policy 4.4 - Security Based Compensation (the “New Policy”) by the TSXV, the Board amended the Stock Option Plan to bring the Stock Option Plan into compliance with the New Policy.

The purpose of the Stock Option Plan is to allow the Corporation to grant options to directors, officers, employees and consultants, as additional compensation and as an opportunity to participate in the success of the Corporation. The granting of such options is intended to align the interests of such persons with that of the Corporation’s shareholders.

The following is a summary of the material terms of the Stock Option Plan (any terms not defined herein have the meaning defined in the Stock Option Plan):

The Stock Option Plan contains a provision that, if pursuant to the operation of an adjustment provision of the Stock Option Plan, an optionee receives options (the “New Options”) to purchase securities of another company (the “New Company”) in respect of the optionee’s options under the Stock Option Plan (the “Subject Options”), the New Options shall expire on the earlier of: (i) the expiry date of the Subject Options; (ii) if the optionee does not become an eligible person in respect of the New Company, the date that the Subject Options expire pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Stock Option Plan relating to expiration of options in cases of death, disability or termination of employment discussed in the preceding paragraph above (the “Termination Provisions”); (iii) if the optionee becomes an eligible person in respect of the New Company, the date that the New Options expire pursuant to the terms of the New Company’s Stock Option Plan that correspond to the Termination Provisions; and (iv) the date that is one (1) year after the optionee ceases to be an eligible person in respect of the New Company or such shorter period as determined by the Board.

Restricted Share Unit Plan

The RSU Plan is available to directors, employees and consultants which are collectively referred to in the RSU Plan as Service Providers of the Corporation, as determined by the Board (the “Eligible Grantees”). As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 20-F, the Corporation has granted 2,702,482 RSUs to Eligible Grantees.

The RSU Plan is intended to complement the Stock Option Plan by allowing the Corporation to offer a broader range of incentives to diversify and customize the rewards available to Eligible Grantees in order to promote long-term retention and greater alignment with the competitive market. The following information is intended to be a brief description and summary of the material features of the RSU Plan (any terms not defined herein have the meaning defined in the RSU Plan):

The Board may at any time, in its sole discretion and without the approval of Shareholders, amend, suspend, terminate or discontinue the RSU Plan and may amend the terms and conditions of any awards thereunder, subject to (a) any required approval of any applicable regulatory authority or the TSXV, and (b) approval of Shareholders of the Corporation, provided that, unless required by the TSXV, Shareholder approval shall not be required for the following amendments and the Board may make changes which may include but are not limited to: (i) amendments of a “housekeeping nature”; (ii) changes to vesting provisions; or (iii) changes to the term of the RSU Plan or awards made under the RSU Plan, provided those changes do not extend the restriction period of any RSU beyond the original expiry date or restriction period. The Board may amend, modify or supplement the terms of any outstanding award.

Restricted Share Units

The RSU Plan provides that the Board of the Corporation may, from time to time, in its sole discretion, grant awards of RSUs to Eligible Grantees. Each RSU shall represent one SV Share of the Corporation. The Board may, in its sole discretion, establish a period of time (a “Vesting period”) applicable to such RSUs. Each award of RSUs may be subject to a different Vesting period. The Board may, in its sole discretion, prescribe restrictions in addition to or other than the expiration of the Vesting period, including the satisfaction of corporate or individual performance objectives, which may be applicable to all or any portion of the RSUs. The performance criteria will be established by the Board in its sole discretion. The Board may, in its sole discretion, revise the performance criteria. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) RSUs that vest solely by the passage of time shall not vest in full in less than three (3) years from the grant date; (ii) RSUs for which vesting may be accelerated by achieving performance targets shall not vest in full in less than one (1) year from the grant date; and (iii) RSUs granted to outside directors vest, (a) at the election of an outside director at the time the award is granted, within a minimum of one (1) year to a maximum of three (3) years following the grant date, as such outside director may elect, and (b) if no election is made, upon the earlier of a Change of Control or his or her resignation from the Board (any terms not defined herein have the meaning defined in the RSU Plan).

Upon the expiration or termination of the Vesting period and the satisfaction of any other restrictions prescribed by the Board, the RSUs shall vest and shall be settled in either cash or Shares, as the Committee may so determine, unless otherwise provided in the Award Agreement.

A cash payment shall be in the amount equal to the “Market Price” per share as defined in the policies of the applicable stock exchange as the trading day prior to the date of vesting, and certified funds shall be paid for the RSUs valued at the Market Price. A Share payment shall be for Shares issued by the Corporation from treasury and a share certificate for that number of Shares equal to the number of vested RSUs shall be free of all restrictions. The cash payment or Shares shall be delivered to the Grantee or the Grantee’s beneficiary or estate, as the case may be.

If a grantee’s employment is terminated with cause, the Corporation may, within 30 days, annul an award if the grantee is an employee of the Corporation or an affiliate thereof. If a grantee’s employment is terminated with or without cause, unless the Board otherwise provides in an Award Agreement or in writing after the Award Agreement is issued, any RSUs that have not vested and will not vest within 30 days from the date of termination, or with respect to which all applicable restrictions and conditions have not lapsed, shall immediately be deemed forfeited. Upon the death of a Grantee, any RSUs granted to such Grantee which, prior to the Grantee’s death, have not vested, will immediately vest, subject to the pass of one (1) year from the Grant Date, and the Grantee’s estate shall be entitled to receive payment in accordance with the terms of the RSU Plan. The period in which the Grantee’s estate may make such a claim of entitlement must not exceed one (1) year from the date of the Grantee’s death.

The Executives’ compensation is determined in accordance with the principles set forth herein and is not specifically based on the performance of the SV Shares, mainly due to the fact that the price of the SV Shares is affected by external market factors beyond the Corporation’s and the Executives’ control.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table provides information for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 regarding compensation earned by the Executives:

Notes:

Employment, Consulting and Management Agreements

Alec Amar

On January 21, 2022, the Corporation entered into an employment agreement with Alec Amar pursuant to which Mr. Amar provides services as President of the Corporation in consideration of an annual rate of US$375,000. Mr. Amar is eligible to receive an annual discretionary incentive payment upon achievement of certain Corporation and individual performance goals. Subject to the automatic extension described below, the agreement has an initial term of three (3) years that is set to expire on January 21, 2025. Unless earlier terminated in accordance with its terms, the initial term of the agreement will be automatically extended on a yearly basis upon the expiration of the initial term or any additional terms, unless thirty days prior to the end of the initial term or any additional term, either party shall have given written notice to the other stating that the term of the agreement will not be extended.

Michel Amar

On January 21, 2022, the Corporation entered into an employment agreement with Michel Amar pursuant to which Mr. Amar provides services as CEO of the Corporation in consideration of an annual rate of US$475,000. Mr. Amar is eligible to receive an annual discretionary incentive payment upon achievement of certain Corporation and individual performance goals. Subject to the automatic extension described below, the agreement has an initial term of three (3) years that is set to expire on January 21, 2025. Unless earlier terminated in accordance with its terms, the initial term of this agreement shall be automatically extended on a yearly basis upon the expiration of the initial term or any additional terms, unless thirty days prior to the end of the initial term or any additional term, either party shall have given written notice to the other stating that the term of this agreement shall not be extended.

Incentive Plan Awards

The following table provides information regarding the incentive plan awards for each Executive outstanding as of December 31, 2023:

Notes:

During the year ended December 31, 2023, 479,582 RSUs under the Corporation’s incentive plans vested.

Pension Plan Benefits, Termination and Change of Control Benefits

The Corporation has no pension or retirement plan. The Corporation has not provided compensation, monetary or otherwise, to any person who is an Executive of the Corporation in connection with or related to the retirement, termination or resignation of such person and the Corporation has provided no compensation to such persons as a result of a change of control of the Corporation, its subsidiaries or affiliates. Other than as may be provided pursuant to particular employment agreements and except as described below, the Corporation is not party to any compensation plan or arrangement with Executives or subject to a contractual obligation resulting from the resignation, retirement or the termination of employment of any Executive.

Michel Amar and Alec Amar each have entered in an employment agreement with the Corporation. For the purposes of the succeeding paragraphs under this heading “Pension Plan Benefits, Termination and Change of Control Benefits,” each of Michel Amar and Alec Amar may be referred to as the Executive.

In the event that an Executive’s employment ends due to termination by: (a) the Corporation for Cause (as defined in the applicable employment agreement), (b) by the Executive without Good Reason (as defined in the applicable employment agreement), or (c) by non-renewal at the election of the Executive, such Executive’s employment agreement, if any, provides that such Executive will be entitled to the following: (i) any unpaid Base Salary (as defined in the applicable employment agreement) accrued through the termination date, (ii) a lump sum payment for any accrued but unused vacation pay, (iii) COBRA coverage (but no Corporation -paid premiums except as otherwise required by law), (iv) all other payments, benefits or fringe benefits to which the Executive is entitled under the terms of any applicable compensation arrangement or benefit, equity or fringe benefit plan or program or grant, and (v) a lump sum payment for any previously unreimbursed business expenses incurred by the Executive on behalf of the Corporation during the term of the Executive’s employment (collectively, the “Accrued Amounts”).

If the Executive’s employment by the Corporation is terminated by the Corporation without Cause (as defined in the applicable employment agreement), by the Executive with Good Reason (as defined in the applicable employment agreement), or due to non-extension at the election of the Corporation as provided for in the applicable employment agreement, then, in addition to the Accrued Amounts, each Executive’s employment agreement, if any, provides that such Executive shall be entitled to the following: (a) the Prior Year Bonus (as defined in the applicable employment agreement), (b) the Pro-Rata Bonus (as defined in the applicable employment agreement), (c) an amount equal to Executive’s monthly base salary rate (but not as an employee), which would continue to be paid monthly during the 24 months following termination of Executive’s employment (the “Severance Period”), and (d) continued participation in the Corporation’s group health plan which covers Executive (to the extent permitted under applicable law and the terms of such plan) during the Severance Period.

Upon a Change of Control (as defined below) occurring during the term of the applicable employment agreement, the agreement will automatically be extended to the later of the end of the term and two (2) years from the date upon which a Change of Control occurs. If a Change of Control shall have occurred, and following the Change of Control, the Executive’s employment agreement, if any, is terminated or the Executive is removed as a director of the Corporation or terminated as an officer of the Corporation (collectively referred to herein as “terminated”), other than for Cause (as defined in the applicable employment agreement), or if the Executive terminates its engagement for Good Reason (as defined in the applicable employment agreement), and such termination occurs within twelve (12) months after the date upon which a Change of Control occurs, the Executive’s employment agreement, if any, provides that the Executive will be entitled to be paid a single lump sum cash payment equating to a total of two (2) years of the Executive’s annual Base Salary (the “Severance Amount”) and additional options and or restricted share units may be granted to the Executive at the sole discretion of the Board, subject to the terms of the Stock Option Plan and the RSU Plan. All options and RSUs held by the Executive will vest immediately and will remain exercisable in accordance with the terms of such award agreement, subject to the provisions of the Stock Option Plan or RSU Plan, as applicable. Additionally, the Executive is entitled to any accrued and unpaid Prior Year Annual Bonus (as defined in the applicable employment agreement) and the Current Year Pro-Rata Annual Bonus (as defined in the applicable employment agreement).

The Base Salary of Michel Amar and Alec Amar, respectively, is US$475,000 and US$375,000, and the Severance Amount is US$900,000 and US$750,000, respectively, for each of Michel Amar and Alec Amar, plus any accrued and unpaid Prior Year Annual Bonus and the Current Year Pro-Rata Annual Bonus. There have been no bonus payments under the current employment agreements to either of the Executives.

“Change of Control” as referenced in this section “Pension Plan Benefits, Termination and Change of Control Benefits” means at any time from the effective date of the applicable employment agreement:

Exercise of Compensation Securities by Executives and Directors

There were no compensation securities exercised by Executives and directors during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth information in respect of the Corporation’s equity compensation plans under which equity securities of the Corporation are authorized for issuance, aggregated in accordance with all equity plans previously approved by the Shareholders and all equity plans not approved by Shareholders as at December 31, 2023:

Director Compensation

The Board determines the level of compensation for directors based on recommendations from the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee and the Board regularly review the competitiveness of non-executive director compensation levels against the competitive marketplace, taking into account time commitment, risks and responsibilities to ensure that the amount of compensation adequately reflects the responsibilities and risks of being a director and makes adjustments as deemed necessary. The Corporation’s objective regarding director compensation is to follow best practices with respect to retainers, the format and weighting of the cash and incentive components of compensation, and the implementation of share ownership guidelines. The Corporation believes that these approaches have helped to attract, and will help to attract and retain, strong members for the Board who will be able to fulfil their fiduciary responsibilities without competing interests.

As at the date hereof, the Corporation does not pay its directors any fees or compensation other than expenses incurred. The Corporation has a small number of employees and relies extensively on the input and expertise of its non-employee directors. In its efforts to attract and retain experienced directors, the Corporation may choose to compensate directors partly with Options and/or RSUs, thereby conserving its cash resources and, equally importantly, aligning the directors’ incentives with the interests of the Shareholders by providing them with the opportunity to participate in the upside that results from their contributions. While other larger and/or established operating companies may place limits on non-executive director compensation to a maximum amount per director per year in order to satisfy external policies and proxy voting guidelines, the Corporation believes that some methodologies used to quantify the value of Options at the time of the grant (using an option pricing model that values Options based on a theoretical value at the time of grant) are not suited to calculating such a limit in the case of the Corporation. Because such methodologies typically incorporate stock volatility into the calculation of Option value, the volatility of the Corporation’s stock (compared with more established operating companies) can significantly inflate Option value. The result is that an Option grant in a given year could be valued well in excess of the proposed limits discussed above, even if the Option is out-of-the money on the date of grant. While the Corporation does not object to the principle of limiting non-employee director compensation, the Corporation believes that it is not currently at the right stage of its development to impose such limitations based on external, generalized criteria. Accordingly, the Corporation intends to continue to evaluate grants of Options and/or RSUs to non-employee directors on a case-by-case basis, making grants based on the contributions of such non-employee directors to the Corporation and having regard to the levels of compensation offered by companies in analogous stages of development.

Director Compensation Table

The following table provides information regarding compensation paid to the Corporation’s directors, other than Michel Amar and Alec Amar, during the financial year ended December 31, 2023. Information regarding the compensation of Michel Amar and Alec Amar can be found in the table under the heading “Summary Compensation Table” hereinabove.

Director Option-Based and Share-Based Awards

The following table provides information regarding the option-based and share-based awards for each director, other than Michel Amar and Alec Amar, outstanding as of December 31, 2023. Information regarding option-based and share-based awards for Michel Amar and Alec Amar can be found in the table under the heading “Incentive Plan Awards” hereinabove.

The following table sets forth, for each of the directors other than Michel Amar and Alec Amar, the value of all incentive plan awards that vested during the year ended December 31, 2023:

Benefits Upon Termination and/or Change of Control

The Corporation is party to executive employment agreements with each of its President and CEO. See “Employment, Consulting and Management Agreements” above, which sets out the material terms of the contracts therewith, including benefits to such persons upon termination of their employment with the Corporation. Paul Ciullo does not have a written employment agreement with the Corporation providing benefits upon termination as an officer of the Corporation. Adam Rossman, Gerard Rotonda and Zhichao Li do not have employment agreements with the Corporation providing benefits upon termination as a director of the Corporation.

C. Board Practices

National Policy 58-201 – Corporate Governance Guidelines (“NP 58-201”) of the Canadian Securities Administrators sets out a series of guidelines for effective corporate governance (the “Guidelines”). The Guidelines address matters such as the constitution and independence of corporate boards, the functions to be performed by boards and their committees and the effectiveness and education of board members. National Instrument 58-101 – Disclosure of Corporate Governance Practices (“NI 58-101”) requires the disclosure by each listed corporation of its approach to corporate governance with reference to the Guidelines as it is recognized that the unique characteristics of individual corporations will result in varying degrees of compliance.

Set out below is a description of the Corporation’s approach to corporate governance in relation to the Guidelines.

Board of Directors

NI 58-101 defines an “independent director” as a director who has no direct or indirect material relationship with the Corporation. A “material relationship” is in turn defined as a relationship which could, in the view of the Board, be reasonably expected to interfere with such member’s independent judgment.

The Board believes that it functions independently of management and reviews its procedures on an ongoing basis to ensure that it is functioning independently of management. The Board meets without management present, as circumstances require. When conflicts arise, interested parties are precluded from voting on matters in which they may have an interest. In light of the suggestions contained in NP 58-201, the Board convenes meetings, as deemed necessary, of the independent directors, at which non-independent directors and members of management are not in attendance.

The Board is currently comprised of five (5) members, three (3) of whom the Board has determined to be “independent directors” within the meaning of NI 58-101. Each of Adam Rossman, Gerard Rotonda and Zhichao Li is considered independent within the meaning of NI 58-101 since they are each independent of management and free from any material relationship with the Corporation. The basis for this determination is that, since the date of incorporation of the Corporation, none of the independent directors have worked for the Corporation, received remuneration from the Corporation or had material contracts with or material interests in the Corporation which could interfere with their ability to act with a view to the best interests of the Corporation. Michel Amar and Alec Amar are not considered independent directors because they are officers of the Corporation.

The Board functions independently of management. To enhance its ability to act independent of management, the Board may in the future meet in the absence of members of management or may excuse such persons from all or a portion of any meeting where an actual or potential conflict of interest arises or where the Board otherwise determines is appropriate.

Directorships

To the Corporation’s knowledge, none of the directors of the Corporation are also current directors of other reporting issuers (or equivalent) in a jurisdiction or a foreign jurisdiction.

Nomination of Directors

The Governance and Nominating Committee is responsible for, among other matters, identifying individuals to be nominated as members of the Board. The ultimate decision to appoint individuals to the Board remains with the Board. For further details on the nomination of directors, see “Corporate Governance – Board Committees – Governance and Nomination Committee.”

Compensation

The Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other matters, the establishment of compensation policies and security incentive plans, evaluating the performance and effectiveness of the Board, the performance evaluation of executives and the compensation of executives and directors. For further details on the compensation practices of the Corporation, see “Governance and Nomination Committee” below.

Board Committees

The Board has four standing committees, being the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, the Governance and Nomination Committee and the Disclosure Committee.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee is responsible for monitoring the Corporation’s accounting and financial reporting practices and procedures, the adequacy of internal accounting controls and procedures, the quality and integrity of financial statements and for directing the auditors’ examination of specific areas. The current members of the Audit Committee are Gerard Rotonda (Chair), Adam Rossman and Zhichao Li. The members of the Audit Committee were each “independent” directors as defined in National Instrument 52-110 – Audit Committees (“NI 52-110”) as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Each member of the Audit Committee is considered to be “financially literate” within the meaning of NI 52-110, which includes the ability to read and understand a set of financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of the Corporation’s financial statements.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee assists the Board in its oversight of compensation. The Compensation Committee is comprised of Adam Rossman (Chair), Gerard Rotonda and Alec Amar. Messrs. Rossman and Rotonda are considered “independent” within the meaning of NI 58-101. The Compensation Committee ensures an objective process for determining compensation by providing that a majority of members of the Compensation Committee are considered independent within the meaning of NI 58-101.

The Compensation Committee is responsible for considering, establishing and reviewing executive compensation programs and determining whether the programs encourage unnecessary or excessive risk taking. The Corporation anticipates the programs will be balanced and will not motivate unnecessary or excessive risk taking. The Corporation’s security trading policy restricts directors or Executives from purchasing financial instruments, including, for greater certainty, prepaid variable forward contracts, equity swaps, collars or units of TSXV funds that are designed to hedge or offset a decrease in market value of equity. To the knowledge of the Corporation, as of the date of hereof, no director or Executive of the Corporation has participated in the purchase of such financial instruments.

Governance and Nomination Committee

The Governance and Nomination Committee identifies individuals qualified to be nominated as members of the Board, develops corporate governance guidelines and principles for the Corporation and assists the Board with the structure and composition of Board committee. The Governance and Nomination Committee is comprised of Adam Rossman (Chair), Michel Amar and Zhichao Li. Mr. Rossman and Ms. Li are considered “independent” within the meaning of NI 58-101. The Governance and Nomination Committee ensures an objective process for determining nomination of directors by providing that a majority of members of the Governance and Nomination Committee are considered independent within the meaning of NI 58-101. The duties of the Governance and Nomination Committee include reviewing the Corporation’s policies, codes and mandates, reviewing the size, composition and candidates of board committees, recommending to the Board the necessary and desirable competencies and skills of directors and annually conduct, review and report to the Board the results of an assessment of the Board’s performance and effectiveness.

Disclosure Committee

The Disclosure Committee is to be comprised of the CEO, a director designated by the Corporation’s Chair of the Board and an independent director designated by the Corporation’s Chair of the Board. The current members of the Disclosure Committee are Michel Amar (Chair), Gerard Rotonda and Adam Rossman.

Assessments

The Board will consider the performance of the directors and committee performance from time to time, as required.

Director Term Limits and Other Mechanisms of Board Renewal

The Corporation has not adopted term limits for the directors on its Board. The Board may consider implementing term limits and other mechanisms of Board renewal if and when it determines it is necessary to amend the Corporation’s corporate governance practices. The business of the Corporation is constantly changing as the cryptocurrency industry evolves. Recognizing this, and to ensure optimal governance of the Corporation by the Board, director renewal and replacement is managed in a manner to ensure that the Board can function effectively while enabling new directors to gain a full understanding of the Corporation’s business.

It is intended that each of the directors will hold office until the next annual meeting of Shareholders of the Corporation or until his or her successor is elected or appointed, unless such office is earlier vacated in accordance with the provisions of the Corporation’s governing corporate statute.

Policies Regarding the Representation and Consideration of Women on the Board and Executive Officer Positions

The Board has not adopted a written policy on diversity; however, it is committed to promoting diversity within the Corporation. The Governance and Nominating Committee considers all aspects of diversity, including gender, culture and ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, ability and disability, geographic background and other personal characteristics when assessing issues related to Board composition and renewal. The Board selects the best candidate based on qualifications and the overall mix of skills and attributes, with a commitment to diversity. Diversity, inclusive of gender, is a key factor in the Corporation’s corporate-wide talent management strategy, which seeks to identify, mentor and develop current executives and employees for more senior positions in the Corporation. The Board has not adopted a formal target regrading women on the Board and in executive officer positions.

Nasdaq Rules; Board Diversity

Corporate Governance

Under Nasdaq rules, a foreign private issuer may follow its home country practice in lieu of certain of Nasdaq’s corporate governance rules. As permitted by Nasdaq rules, we currently follow corporate governance requirements under applicable rules and regulations in Canada, including those promulgated by the TSXV. For a description of the Corporation’s corporate governance practices and the ways in which they differ from Nasdaq rules applicable to U.S. domestic companies listed on Nasdaq, see ITEM 16.G. “Corporate Governance.”

Board Diversity

Nasdaq’s board diversity rule, which was approved by the SEC on August 6, 2021, is a disclosure standard designed to encourage minimum board diversity for companies and provide stakeholders with consistent, comparable disclosures concerning a company’s current board composition. The director diversity matrix required by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5606 is available on the Corporation’s website, https://www.digihost.ca/, in the “Corporate Governance” section under the “Investors” tab.

As of December 31, 2023, the Corporation had 13 full-time employees and one consultant, all of whom are located in the United States. None of the Corporation’s employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements.

For information regarding the share ownership of the Corporation’s directors and officers, see ITEM 7.A. “Major Shareholders” below. For details regarding the Corporation’s equity incentive plans, see ITEM 6.B. “Long-Term Incentive Plan,” “Stock Option Plan” and “Restricted Share Unit Plan.”

The Corporation adopted a compensation recovery policy (the “Executive Compensation Clawback Policy”) as required by the Nasdaq listing rules and Rule 10D-1 of the Exchange Act. A copy of the Executive Compensation Clawback Policy is filed as Exhibit 97.1 hereto. During the external audit of the Corporation’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, the Corporation determined that it was required to prepare an accounting restatement of its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021, which has been reflected in the restated comparative periods (including an opening balance sheet as of January 1, 2021) presented in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021 that are filed herewith. The Corporation concluded that it was not required under the Executive Compensation Clawback Policy to recover any previously awarded incentive-based compensation because the Executive Compensation Clawback Policy applies only to incentive-based compensation received on or after October 2, 2023, and no current or former executive officer who is subject to said policy received any incentive-based compensation on or after such date. The Corporation also notes that current and former executive officers who are subject to the Executive Compensation Clawback Policy have never received incentive-based compensation based on any financial reporting measure that was impacted by the referenced restatement.

ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Holdings by Major Shareholders

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of the Corporation’s voting securities as of September 10, 2024 by (i) each individual who served as an executive officer and/or director during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, individually and as a group, and (ii) each person known by the Corporation to beneficially own more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Corporation. Unless otherwise indicated, the Corporation believes that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares beneficially owned by them. The number and percentage of shares beneficially owned is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act, except where otherwise noted below, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under such rule, a person is deemed to be a beneficial owner of a security if that person has sole or shared voting power, which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting of the security, or investment power, which includes the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of the security, including shares that a person or entity has the right to acquire within 60 days of September 10, 2024, if any, in which case, such shares are considered to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person with such right to acquire additional shares for the purposes of computing the percentage ownership of that person (including in the total when calculating the applicable beneficial owner’s percentage of ownership) but not for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Unless otherwise indicated, the percentages presented in the table below are based on 33,011,600 SV Shares outstanding as of September 10, 2024.

Except as otherwise noted, the business address for each person listed in the table below is 2830 Produce Row, Houston, TX 77023. A description of the differences between the SV Shares and the PV Shares is included in Exhibit 2(d) attached to this Annual Report. Except with respect to any PV Shares held or beneficially owned by any major shareholder, the Corporation’s major shareholders do not have any different or special voting rights.

U.S. Share Ownership

As of September 10, 2024, there were a total of 26 holders of record of our SV Shares and one holder of record of our PV Shares with addresses in the U.S. We believe that the number of U.S beneficial owners is substantially greater than the number of U.S record holders, because a large portion of our SV Shares are held in broker “street name.” As of September 10, 2024, U.S. holders of record held approximately 41.1% of our outstanding SV Shares and 100% of our outstanding PV Shares.

Control of Corporation

The Corporation is a publicly traded British Columbia corporation, the shares of which are owned by Canadian residents, U.S. residents and other foreign residents. We are not aware of any arrangement whereby we are directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another corporation, by any foreign government or by any other natural or legal person severally or jointly, nor are we aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of the Corporation.

On February 5, 2023, Digihost entered into a loan agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Doge Capital LLC, a company owned and controlled by Michel Amar and Alec Amar (the “Lenders”). Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, the Lenders agreed to make available to Digihost an amortizing loan in the amount of 30 Bitcoins (the “Loan”), and Digihost agreed to repay the Lenders 36 Bitcoins as full repayment of the Loan. Pursuant to the terms of the Loan Agreement, Digihost agreed to pay the Lenders 3 Bitcoins per month for 12 consecutive months, with the first payment being due on March 31, 2023. The remaining balance of the loan was paid off during Q1 2024.

Not applicable.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The Corporation’s financial statements are stated in United States dollars and are prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.

The financial statements as required under ITEM 17. “Financial Statements” are attached hereto and found immediately following the text of this Annual Report on Form 20-F. The audit report of Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, is included herein immediately preceding the consolidated financial statements.

Legal Proceedings

The Corporation is not currently a party to any actual or pending legal proceedings or regulatory actions which would materially affect the Corporation, nor is the Corporation currently contemplating any legal proceedings, which are material to its business or of which any of its assets are likely to be subject. Furthermore, the Corporation is not aware of any such proceeding known to be contemplated or threatened which would materially affect the Corporation.

Dividend Policy

It is not expected that the Corporation will declare any dividends for the foreseeable future. The Corporation has no restrictions on paying dividends, but, if the Corporation generates earnings in the foreseeable future, it is expected that they will be retained to finance growth, if any. The Board will determine if and when dividends should be declared and paid in the future based upon the Corporation’s financial position at the relevant time. Holders of SV Shares and PV Shares (on an as-converted basis) are entitled to an equal share in any dividends declared and paid on the SV Shares and PV Shares (on an as-converted basis).

We have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.

ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING

The Corporation’s SV Shares trade on the TSXV and on Nasdaq, in each case, under the ticker symbol “DGHI.”

Not required.

Please refer to ITEM 9.A. “Offer and Listing Details” above.

Not required.

Not required.

Not required.

ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Not required.

A copy of our Articles of Incorporation, as amended from time to time (the “Articles”), is attached as Exhibit 1.1 to this Annual Report on Form 20-F. The information called for by this Item is set forth in Exhibit 2(d) to this Annual Report on Form 20-F and is incorporated herein by reference.

Canada has no system of exchange controls. There are no Canadian restrictions on the repatriation of capital or earnings of a Canadian public company to non-resident investors. There are no laws in Canada or exchange restrictions affecting the remittance of dividends, profits, interest, royalties and other payments to non-resident holders of the Corporation’s securities, except as discussed in ITEM 10.E. “Taxation” below.

The following summary discusses certain Canadian and U.S. federal income tax considerations related to the holding and disposition of SV Shares as of the date hereof but does not purport to be a comprehensive description of the tax considerations that may bear on a decision to invest in SV Shares.

Certain Material Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations

The following summary describes, as of the date hereof, the principal Canadian federal income tax considerations under the Income Tax Act (Canada) and the regulations thereunder (the “Tax Act”), generally applicable to a holder who acquires, as beneficial owner, SV Shares and who, for the purposes of the Tax Act and at all relevant times, (i) holds SV Shares as capital property and (ii) deals at arm’s length and is not affiliated with the Corporation and any subsequent purchaser of such securities. A holder who meets all of the foregoing requirements is referred to as a “Holder” herein, and this summary only addresses such Holders. Generally, SV Shares will be considered to be capital property to a Holder, provided the Holder does not hold SV Shares in the course of carrying on a business of trading or dealing in securities and has not acquired the SV Shares in one or more transactions considered to be an adventure or concern in the nature of trade.

This summary is not applicable to a holder (i) that is a “financial institution,” as defined in the Tax Act for the purposes of the mark-to-market rules in the Tax Act, (ii) that is a “specified financial institution,” as defined in the Tax Act, (iii) of an interest which is a “tax shelter investment” as defined in the Tax Act, (iv) that has elected to determine its Canadian tax results in a “functional currency” other than the Canadian dollar, (v) that has entered into or will enter into a “derivative forward agreement” or a “synthetic disposition arrangement” with respect to the SV Shares, or (vi) that receives dividends on SV Shares under or as part of a “dividend rental arrangement,” as defined in the Tax Act. Any such holder should consult its own tax advisor with respect to an investment in SV Shares.

Additional considerations, not discussed herein, may be applicable to a Holder that is a corporation resident in Canada and is (or does not deal at arm’s length with a corporation resident in Canada for purposes of the Tax Act that is), or becomes, controlled by a non-resident person or a group of non-resident persons (comprised of any combination of non-resident corporations, non-resident individuals or non-resident trusts) for purposes of the “foreign affiliate dumping” rules in section 212.3 of the Tax Act. Such Holders should consult their tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquiring SV Shares.

This summary is based upon the provisions of the Tax Act and the regulations thereunder in force as of the date hereof, all specific proposals to amend the Tax Act and the regulations thereunder that have been publicly and officially announced by or on behalf of the Minister of Finance (Canada) prior to the date hereof (the “Proposed Amendments”) and counsel’s understanding of the current administrative policies and assessing practices of the Canada Revenue Agency (the “CRA”), published in writing by it prior to the date hereof. This summary assumes the Proposed Amendments will be enacted in the form proposed. However, no assurance can be given that the Proposed Amendments will be enacted in their current form, or at all.

This summary is not exhaustive of all possible Canadian federal income tax considerations and, except for the Proposed Amendments, does not take into account or anticipate any changes in the law or any changes in the CRA’s administrative policies and assessing practices, whether by legislative, governmental or judicial action or decision, nor does it take into account or anticipate any other federal or any provincial, territorial or foreign tax considerations which may differ significantly from those discussed herein. This summary is not intended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal or tax advice to any particular Holder, and no representations with respect to the income tax consequences to any Holder are made. Consequently, Holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences applicable to them, having regard to their own particular circumstances.

Currency Conversion

Generally, for purposes of the Tax Act, all amounts relating to the acquisition, holding or disposition of the SV Shares must be converted into Canadian dollars. Amounts denominated in any other currency must be converted into Canadian dollars using the rate of exchange quoted by the Bank of Canada on the day the amount first arose, or such other rate of exchange as is acceptable to the CRA.

Taxation of Resident Holders

The following portion of this summary applies to Holders (as defined above) who, for the purposes of the Tax Act, are or are deemed to be resident in Canada at all relevant times (herein, “Resident Holders”) and this portion of the summary only addresses such Resident Holders. Certain Resident Holders who might not be considered to hold their SV Shares as capital property may, in certain circumstances, be entitled to make the irrevocable election permitted by subsection 39(4) of the Tax Act to have them and any other “Canadian security” (as defined in the Tax Act) be treated as capital property for the taxation year of the election and in all subsequent taxation years. Resident Holders contemplating such election should consult their own tax advisors for advice as to whether it is available and, if available, whether it is advisable in their particular circumstances.

Taxation of Dividends

A Resident Holder will be required to include in computing income for a taxation year any dividends received, or deemed to be received, in the year by the Resident Holder on the SV Shares. In the case of a Resident Holder that is an individual (other than certain trusts), such dividends will be subject to the gross-up and dividend tax credit rules normally applicable under the Tax Act to taxable dividends received from taxable Canadian corporations, including the enhanced gross-up and dividend tax credit provisions where the Corporation designates the dividend as an “eligible dividend” in accordance with the provisions of the Tax Act. There may be restrictions on the ability of the Corporation to designate any particular dividend as an “eligible dividend.”

A dividend received or deemed to be received by a Resident Holder that is a corporation must be included in computing its income but will generally be deductible in computing the corporation’s taxable income for that taxation year, subject to all of the rules and restrictions under the Tax Act in that regard. In certain circumstances, subsection 55(2) of the Tax Act will treat a taxable dividend received by a Resident Holder that is a corporation as proceeds of disposition or a capital gain. A corporation that is a “private corporation” or a “subject corporation” (each as defined in the Tax Act) generally will be liable to pay an additional tax (refundable under certain circumstances) under Part IV of the Tax Act on dividends received or deemed to be received on the SV Shares in a year to the extent such dividends are deductible in computing its taxable income for the year.

Disposition of SV Shares

A Resident Holder who disposes, or is deemed to dispose, of an SV Share generally will realize a capital gain (or capital loss) equal to the amount, if any, by which the proceeds of disposition, net of any reasonable costs of disposition, exceed (or are exceeded by) the adjusted cost base to the Resident Holder of such SV Shares, as the case may be, immediately before the disposition or deemed disposition. The adjusted cost base to a Resident Holder of an SV Share will be determined by averaging the cost of that SV Share with the adjusted cost base (determined immediately before the acquisition of the SV Share) of all other SV Shares held as capital property at that time by the Resident Holder. The taxation of capital gains and losses is generally described below under the heading “Capital Gains and Capital Losses.”

Capital Gains and Capital Losses

Generally, a Resident Holder is required to include in computing income for a taxation year one-half of the amount of any capital gain (a “taxable capital gain”) realized by the Resident Holder in such taxation year. Subject to and in accordance with the rules contained in the Tax Act, a Resident Holder is required to deduct one-half of the amount of any capital loss (an “allowable capital loss”) realized in a particular taxation year against taxable capital gains realized by the Resident Holder in the year. Allowable capital losses in excess of taxable capital gains realized in a particular taxation year may be carried back and deducted in any of the three preceding taxation years or carried forward and deducted in any subsequent taxation year against net taxable capital gains realized in such years, to the extent and under the circumstances described in the Tax Act.

The amount of any capital loss realized by a Resident Holder that is a corporation on the disposition or deemed disposition of an SV Share may be reduced by the amount of any dividends received or deemed to have been received by such Resident Holder on such shares, to the extent and under the circumstances described in the Tax Act. Similar rules may apply where a Resident Holder that is a corporation is a member of a partnership or a beneficiary of a trust that owns SV Shares, directly or indirectly, through a partnership or trust. Resident Holders to whom these rules may be relevant should consult their own tax advisors.

A Resident Holder that is throughout the relevant taxation year a “Canadian-controlled private corporation” (as defined in the Tax Act) may be liable to pay an additional tax (refundable in certain circumstances) on certain investment income, including amounts in respect of net taxable capital gains and dividends or deemed dividends that are not deductible in computing the Resident Holder’s taxable income. Such Resident Holders should consult their own tax advisors.

Alternative Minimum Tax

Capital gains realized and dividends received or deemed to be received by a Resident Holder that is an individual or a trust, other than certain specified trusts, may give rise to alternative minimum tax under the Tax Act. Resident Holders should consult their own tax advisors in this regard.

Taxation of Non-Resident Holders

The following portion of this summary is generally applicable to Holders who, for the purposes of the Tax Act and at all relevant times: (i) are neither resident nor deemed to be resident in Canada, and (ii) do not use or hold SV Shares in the course of business carried on or deemed to be carried on in Canada. Holders who meet all of the foregoing requirements are referred to herein as “Non-Resident Holders,” and this portion of the summary only addresses such Non-Resident Holders. Special rules, which are not discussed in this summary, may apply to a Non-Resident Holder that is an insurer carrying on business in Canada and elsewhere. Such Non-Resident Holders should consult their own tax advisors.

Receipt of Dividends

Dividends paid or credited or deemed to be paid or credited to a Non-Resident Holder by the Corporation are subject to Canadian withholding tax at the rate of 25% of the gross amount of the dividend unless reduced by the terms of an applicable tax treaty or convention between Canada and the country in which the Non-Resident Holder is resident. For example, under the Canada-United States Tax Convention (1980), as amended (the “Treaty”), the rate of withholding tax on dividends paid or credited to a Non-Resident Holder who is resident in the U.S. for purposes of the Treaty and entitled to full benefits under the Treaty (a “U.S. Holder”) is generally reduced to 15% of the gross amount of the dividend (or 5% in the case of a U.S. Holder that is a company beneficially owning at least 10% of the Corporation’s voting shares). Non-Resident Holders should consult their own tax advisors in this regard.

Disposition of SV Shares

A Non-Resident Holder generally will not be subject to tax under the Tax Act in respect of a capital gain realized on the disposition or deemed disposition of an SV Share unless such SV Share constitutes “taxable Canadian property” (as defined in the Tax Act) of the Non-Resident Holder at the time of disposition and the gain is not exempt from tax pursuant to the terms of an applicable tax treaty or convention.

Provided the SV Shares are listed on a “designated stock exchange,” as defined in the Tax Act (which currently includes the TSXV and Nasdaq) at the time of disposition, the SV Shares will generally not constitute taxable Canadian property of a Non-Resident Holder at that time, unless at any time during the 60-month period immediately preceding the disposition the following two conditions are satisfied concurrently: (i) (a) the Non-Resident Holder; (b) persons with whom the Non-Resident Holder did not deal at arm’s length; (c) partnerships in which the Non-Resident Holder or a person described in (b) holds a membership interest directly or indirectly through one or more partnerships; or (d) any combination of the persons and partnerships described in (a) through (c), owned 25% or more of the issued shares of any class or series of shares of the Corporation; and (ii) more than 50% of the fair market value of the SV Shares was derived directly or indirectly from one or any combination of: real or immovable property situated in Canada, “Canadian resource properties,” “timber resource properties” (each as defined in the Tax Act), and options in respect of, or interests in or for civil law rights in, such properties. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in certain circumstances set out in the Tax Act, the SV Shares may be deemed to be taxable Canadian property. Non-Resident Holders should consult their own tax advisors as to whether their SV Shares constitute the taxable Canadian property in their particular circumstances.

Even if the SV Shares are taxable Canadian property of a Non-Resident Holder, such Non-Resident Holder may be exempt from tax under the Tax Act on the disposition of such SV Shares by virtue of an applicable income tax treaty or convention. In cases where a Non-Resident Holder disposes, or is deemed to dispose, of a SV Share that is taxable Canadian property of that Non-Resident Holder, and the Non-Resident Holder is not entitled to an exemption from tax under the Tax Act or pursuant to the terms of an applicable income tax treaty or convention, the consequences under the heading “Certain Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations - Taxation of Resident Holders – Capital Gains and Capital Losses” above will generally be applicable to such disposition. Non-Resident Holders who may hold SV Shares as taxable Canadian property should consult their own tax advisors.

Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations

The following discussion describes certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of SV Shares by U.S. Holders (as defined herein). This discussion applies to U.S. Holders that purchase SV Shares and hold such SV Shares as capital assets (generally, assets held for investment purposes). This discussion is based on the Internal Revenue of Code of 1986, as amended, U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, all as in effect on the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. This discussion does not address all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to specific U.S. Holders in light of their particular circumstances or to U.S. Holders subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax law (such as certain financial institutions, insurance companies, broker-dealers and traders in securities or other persons that generally mark their securities to market for U.S. federal income tax purposes, tax-exempt entities, retirement plans, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, certain former citizens or residents of the United States, persons who hold SV Shares as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion transaction,” “synthetic security” or integrated investment, persons that have a “functional currency” other than the United States dollar, persons that own directly, indirectly or through attribution 10% or more of the voting power or value of our shares, corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax, partnerships and other pass-through entities (or arrangements treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes), and investors in such pass-through entities). This discussion does not address any U.S. estate or gift tax considerations, the alternative minimum tax, the net investment income tax or any state or local or non-U.S. tax consequences. We have not requested, and will not request, a ruling from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or an opinion of legal counsel with respect to any of the U.S. federal income tax consequences described below, and as a result there can be no assurance that the IRS will not disagree with or challenge any of the conclusions described herein.

As used in this discussion, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of SV Shares that is, (1) an individual who is a citizen or resident alien of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (2) a corporation (or entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia, (3) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source or (4) a trust (x) with respect to which a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions or (y) that has elected under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a domestic trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

If a partnership or pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes is the beneficial owner of SV Shares, the U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to an investment in the SV Shares will depend in part upon the status and activities of such entity and the particular partner. A U.S. Holder that is a partner (or other owner) of a pass-through entity that acquires SV Shares is urged to consult its own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to it and its partners of the purchase, ownership and disposition of SV Shares.

Persons considering an investment in SV Shares are urged to consult their own tax advisors as to the particular tax consequences applicable to them relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of SV Shares, including the applicability of U.S. federal, state and local tax laws and non-U.S. tax laws.

Passive Foreign Investment Company Consequences

Special, generally unfavorable, U.S. federal income tax rules apply to U.S. persons owning stock of a PFIC. In general, a corporation organized outside the United States will be treated as a PFIC, for any taxable year in which either (1) at least 75% of its gross income is “passive income,” or (2) on average at least 50% of its assets, determined on a quarterly basis, are assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income. Passive income for this purpose generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, royalties, rents, and gains from the sale or exchange of property that gives rise to passive income. Assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income generally include cash, even if held as working capital or raised in a public offering, marketable securities, and other assets that may produce passive income. Generally, in determining whether a non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC, a proportionate share of the income and assets of each corporation or partnership in which it owns, directly or indirectly, at least a 25% interest (by value) is taken into account.

We currently do not expect to be a PFIC for our current and future taxable years. However, because our PFIC status for any taxable year can be determined only after the end of the year and will depend on the composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets from time to time, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for any future taxable year. If we were a PFIC in any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder owns SV Shares, such U.S. Holder would be liable for additional taxes and interest charges under the “PFIC excess distribution regime” upon (1) a distribution paid during a taxable year that is greater than 125% of the average annual distributions paid in the three preceding taxable years, or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the SV Shares, and (2) any gain recognized on a sale, exchange or other disposition, including a pledge, of the SV Shares, whether or not we continue to be a PFIC. Under the PFIC excess distribution regime, the tax on such distribution or gain would be determined by allocating the distribution or gain ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for SV Shares. The amount allocated to the current taxable year (i.e., the year in which the distribution occurs or the gain is recognized) and any year prior to the first taxable year in which we are a PFIC would be taxed as ordinary income earned in the current taxable year. The amount allocated to other taxable years would be taxed at the highest marginal rates in effect for individuals or corporations, as applicable, to ordinary income for each such taxable year, and an interest charge, generally applicable to underpayments of tax, would be added to the tax. If we were a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder holds SV Shares, we must generally continue to be treated as a PFIC by that holder for all succeeding years during which the U.S. Holder holds the SV Shares, unless we cease to meet the requirements for PFIC status and the U.S. Holder makes a “deemed sale” election with respect to the SV Shares.

If we were to be a PFIC, a U.S. Holder will not be subject to tax under the PFIC excess distribution rules if such U.S. Holder makes a valid “mark-to-market” election for our SV Shares. A mark-to-market election is available to a U.S. Holder only for “marketable stock.” Our SV Shares will be marketable stock (as is currently the case) if they are listed on Nasdaq and are regularly traded, other than in de minimis quantities, on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter. If a mark-to-market election is in effect, a U.S. Holder generally would take into account, as ordinary income each year, the excess of the fair market value of SV Shares held at the end of such taxable year over the adjusted tax basis of such SV Shares. The U.S. Holder would also take into account, as an ordinary loss each year, the excess of the adjusted tax basis of such SV Shares over their fair market value at the end of the taxable year, but only to the extent of the excess of amounts previously included in income over ordinary losses deducted as a result of the mark-to-market election. The U.S. Holder’s tax basis in SV Shares would be adjusted to reflect any income or loss recognized as a result of the mark-to-market election. Any gain from a sale, exchange or other disposition of SV Shares in any taxable year in which we were a PFIC would be treated as ordinary income and any loss from such sale, exchange or other disposition would be treated first as ordinary loss (to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains previously included in income) and thereafter as capital loss.

A mark-to-market election would not apply to SV Shares for any taxable year during which we were not a PFIC, but would remain in effect with respect to any subsequent taxable year in which we became a PFIC. Such election would not apply to any non-U.S. subsidiaries. We currently do not have any non-U.S. subsidiaries.

The tax consequences that would apply if we were to be a PFIC would also be different from those described above if a U.S. Holder were able to make a valid qualified electing fund (“QEF”) election. At this time we do not intend to provide U.S. Holders with the information necessary for a U.S. Holder to make a QEF election, and therefore prospective investors should assume that a QEF election would not be available if we were to be a PFIC.

As discussed below under “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations – Distributions,” notwithstanding any election made with respect to the SV Shares, if we were to be a PFIC in either the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year, dividends received with respect to the SV Shares would not qualify for reduced income tax rates.

If we were to be a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder owned any SV Shares, the U.S. Holder would generally be required to file annual reports with the IRS. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the determination of whether we are a PFIC for any taxable year and the potential application of the PFIC rules in their ownership of SV Shares.

Distributions

Subject to the discussion above under “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations - Passive Foreign Investment Company Consequences,” a U.S. Holder that receives a distribution with respect to SV Shares generally will be required to include the gross amount of such distribution (before reduction for any Canadian withholding taxes withheld therefrom) in gross income as a dividend when actually or constructively received to the extent paid out of our current and/or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). To the extent that a distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, it will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital and reduce (but not below zero) the adjusted tax basis of the U.S. Holder’s SV Shares. To the extent the distribution exceeds the adjusted tax basis of the U.S. Holder’s SV Shares, the remainder will be taxed as capital gain recognized on a sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of the SV Shares (as discussed below). Because we may not account for our earnings and profits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles, U.S. Holders should expect all distributions to be reported to them as dividends. Distributions on SV Shares that are treated as dividends generally will constitute foreign source income from sources outside the United States for foreign tax credit purposes and generally will constitute passive category income. Such dividends will not be eligible for the “dividends received” deduction generally allowed to corporate shareholders with respect to dividends received from U.S. corporations.

Dividends paid by a “qualified foreign corporation” are eligible for taxation in the case of non-corporate U.S. Holders at a reduced long-term capital gains rate rather than the marginal tax rates generally applicable to ordinary income provided that certain requirements are met. We believe that, subject to the discussion above under “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations - Passive Foreign Investment Company Consequences,” dividends paid on SV Shares may be treated as “qualified dividend income” in the hands of non-corporate U.S. Holders, provided that such U.S. Holders satisfy certain conditions, including conditions relating to holding period and the absence of certain risk reduction transactions. Each non- corporate U.S. Holder is advised to consult its tax advisors regarding the availability of the reduced tax rate on dividends with regard to its particular circumstances.

Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of SV Shares

Subject to the discussion above under “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations - Passive Foreign Investment Company Consequences,” a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the sale, exchange or other disposition of SV Shares in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between the amount realized (i.e., the amount of cash plus the fair market value of any property received) on the sale, exchange or other disposition and such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the SV Shares. Such capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain taxable at a reduced rate for non-corporate U.S. Holders or long-term capital loss if, on the date of sale, exchange or other disposition, the SV Shares were held by the U.S. Holder for more than one year. Any capital gain of a non-corporate U.S. Holder that is not long-term capital gain is taxed at ordinary income rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder from the sale or other disposition of SV Shares will generally be gain or loss from sources within the United States for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes.

Receipt of Foreign Currency

The gross amount of any payment in a currency other than United States dollars will be included by each U.S. Holder in income in a United States dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the day such U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives the payment in accordance with its regular method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into United States dollars at that time. If the foreign currency is converted into United States dollars on the date of the payment, the U.S. Holder should not be required to recognize any foreign currency gain or loss with respect to the receipt of foreign currency. If, instead, the foreign currency is converted at a later date, any currency gains or losses resulting from the conversion of the foreign currency will be treated as U.S. source ordinary income or loss for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own U.S. tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of receiving, owning, and disposing of foreign currency.

Additional Tax on Net Investment Income

U.S. Holders that are individuals, estates or trusts are generally required to pay an additional 3.8% tax on the lesser of (1) the U.S. Holder’s “net investment income” for the relevant taxable year and (2) the excess of the U.S. Holder’s modified adjusted gross income for the taxable year over a certain threshold. A U.S. Holder’s “net investment income” generally includes, among other things, dividends and net gains from disposition of property (other than property held in the ordinary course of the conduct of a trade or business). Accordingly, dividends on and capital gain from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of SV Shares, as well as any foreign currency gain, may be subject to this additional tax. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the additional tax on passive income.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

In general, dividends paid to a U.S. Holder in respect of SV Shares and the proceeds received by a U.S. Holder from the sale, exchange or other disposition of SV Shares within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries will be subject to U.S. information reporting rules, unless a U.S. Holder is a corporation or other exempt recipient and properly establishes such exemption. Backup withholding may apply to such payments if a U.S. Holder does not establish an exemption from backup withholding, or fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number or make any other required certifications.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or credit against U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

In addition, U.S. Holders should be aware of reporting requirements with respect to the holding of certain foreign financial assets, including stock of foreign issuers which is not held in an account maintained by certain financial institutions, if the aggregate value of all of such assets exceeds US$50,000. U.S. Holders must attach a complete IRS Form 8938, Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets, with their return for each year in which they hold our SV Shares. U.S. Holders should also be aware that if we were to be a PFIC, they will generally be required to file IRS Form 8261 during any taxable year in which such U.S. Holder recognizes gain or receives an excess distribution or with respect to which the U.S. Holder has made certain elections. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting rules to the SV Shares and their particular situations.

EACH INVESTOR OR POTENTIAL INVESTOR IS URGED TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISORS ABOUT THE U.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES TO IT OF AN INVESTMENT IN SV SHARES IN LIGHT OF THE INVESTOR’S OWN CIRCUMSTANCES.

Not required.

Not required.

We file or furnish reports and other information with the SEC. You may obtain copies of our filings with the SEC by accessing the SEC’s website located at www.sec.gov. We also file reports under Canadian regulatory requirements on SEDAR+; you may access our reports filed on SEDAR+ by accessing the website www.sedarplus.ca. The information on or accessible through the websites referenced herein is not part of and is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report, and the inclusion of website addresses in this Annual Report is only for reference.

Not required.

Not required.

ITEM 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not required.

ITEM 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

Not required.

Not required.

Not required.

Not required.

PART II

ITEM 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

Not applicable.

ITEM 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

A. through D. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders

There have been no material modifications to the rights of our security holders.

E. Use of Proceeds

The Corporation filed a Canadian short form base shelf prospectus, dated February 23, 2022 (the “Base Shelf Prospectus”), and a U.S. registration statement on Form F-10 (the “Registration Statement”) (File No. 333-263255), which includes the Base Shelf Prospectus. The Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on March 3, 2022.

At-the-Market Offering

On March 4, 2022, the Corporation entered into an offering agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “Agent”) as agent, pursuant to which the Corporation established an at-the-market equity program (the “ATM Program”), pursuant to which the Corporation was permitted to sell, from time to time, through the Agent, up to $250,000,000 of its SV Shares. A cash commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised under the ATM Program was paid to the Agent in connection with its services in connection with the ATM Program.

The offer and sale of the SV Shares under the ATM Program is made by means of a prospectus supplement dated March 4, 2022 (together with the Base Shelf Prospectus, the “Prospectus”) to the Registration Statement. The Prospectus was filed with the applicable provincial regulatory authorities in Canada and the SEC.

From the commencement of the ATM Program through December 31, 2023, the Corporation issued 556,954 SV Shares in exchange for gross proceeds of $1,088,372, at an average share price of $1.95, and received net proceeds of $1,048,285 after paying commissions of $32,651 to the Agent and incurring $7,436 of other transaction fees. Subsequent to December 31, 2023 through the expiry of the ATM Program on March 23, 2024, the Corporation issued 3,600 SV Shares in exchange for gross proceeds of $5,457, at an average share price of approximately $1.52, and received net proceeds of $5,032 after paying commissions of $164 to the Agent and incurring $261 of other transaction fees. The ATM Program expired before all remaining SV Shares could be sold.

Proceeds from the ATM Program were used to fund general business operations and working capital requirements, including funding payments to the Corporation’s electric and utility providers, payroll expenses, and legal and professional fees. No payments for expenses incurred in connection with the ATM Program were made directly or indirectly to (i) any of the Corporation’s officers, members of the Board, or their associates, (ii) any persons owning 10% or more of any class of the Corporation’s equity securities or (iii) any of the Corporation’s affiliates.

ITEM 15. Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, the Corporation carried out an evaluation, under the supervision of the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, due to the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting described below, the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Corporation’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management of the Corporation, under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of “internal control over financial reporting” as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has assessed the effectiveness of the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has determined that the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2023 due to a material weakness in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

As defined in Regulation 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented, or detected on a timely basis. Specifically, in conjunction with the preparation of this Annual Report, management of the Corporation determined that the Corporation did not timely communicate with and enable its independent registered public accounting firm (the “Auditor”) to timely complete a PCAOB audit of the Corporation’s financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Corporation initially requested that the Auditor conduct an audit under Canadian auditing standards (CAS). After the completion of that audit, the Corporation subsequently informed the Auditor that an audit under PCAOB standards was required for purposes of its filing of the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. That change necessitated additional procedures and documentation, resulting in the need for extra work. The more stringent PCAOB requirements contributed to the delay in the filing of the Annual Report on 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the identification of a material weakness. Although, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Corporation timely filed on SEDAR+ each of its Annual Information Forms, audited consolidated financial statements and management’s discussions and analyses required under applicable Canadian regulatory requirements, this Annual Report was also not timely filed.

Remediation of Material Weakness in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Corporation plans to strengthen its internal control over financial reporting and is committed to ensuring that such controls are designed and operating effectively. The Corporation plans to implement enhanced communication processes with its Auditor to address the above material weakness and to allow future PCAOB audits to be completed in a timely manner, including to allow the Corporation to timely file future Annual Reports on Form 20-F.

The material weakness in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting will not be considered remediated until the remediated controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. Management’s efforts are ongoing, and the Corporation expects its remediation plan to be completed during 2025. If these remediation efforts do not prove effective and control deficiencies and material weaknesses persist or occur in the future, the accuracy and timing of the Corporation’s financial reporting may be materially and adversely affected, including as described in the “Risk Factors” section above.

Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, “emerging growth companies” are exempt from Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which generally requires that a public company’s registered public accounting firm provide an attestation report relating to management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting. The Corporation qualifies as an “emerging growth company” and, therefore, has not included in, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report such an attestation report as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report.

Management has not identified any change in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 16. [RESERVED]

ITEM 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert

The Board has determined that Gerard Rotonda qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” (as such term is defined in Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act and Rule 5605(c)(2)(A) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules). Mr. Rotonda is considered independent (as determined under Exchange Act Rule 10A-3 and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(a)(2) of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules). Please refer to ITEM 6.A. “Directors, Senior Management and Employees” for further details regarding Mr. Rotonda’s relevant experience.

The SEC has indicated that the designation or identification of a person as an audit committee financial expert does not make such person an “expert” for any purpose, impose any duties, obligations or liability on such person that are greater than those imposed on members of the audit committee and the board of directors who do not carry this designation or identification, or affect the duties, obligations or liability of any other member of the audit committee or board of directors.

ITEM 16B. Code of Ethics

The Corporation has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) that applies to all of the Corporation’s directors, officers and employees as well as its consultants. The Code is available on the Corporation’s website, https://www.digihost.ca/, in the “Corporate Governance” section under the “Investors” tab. We will disclose on our website any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of the Code that our applies to our employees, officers or directors as required by applicable securities rules and regulations. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Corporation did not waive or implicitly waive any provision of the Code with respect to any of the Corporation’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions.

ITEM 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The following table sets forth, for each of the years indicated, the fees billed by our independent registered public accounting firm, Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton LLP.

Audit Fees: Audit fees consist of fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our year-end financial statements, quarterly review, and services that are normally provided by Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton LLP in connection with statutory and regulatory filings.

Audit-Related Fees: Audit-related services consist of fees billed by Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton LLP for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” These services include attestation services that are not required by statute or regulation and consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards.