Constellation Energy (CEG) 10-K2023 FY Annual report

This combined Annual Report on Form 10-K is being filed separately by Constellation Energy Corporation and Constellation Energy Generation, LLC, (Registrants). Information contained herein relating to any individual Registrant is filed by the Registrant on its own behalf. Neither Registrant makes any representation as to information relating to the other Registrant.

This Report contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Words such as “could,” “may,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “will,” “targets,” “goals,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “predicts,” and variations on such words, and similar expressions that reflect our current views with respect to future events and operational, economic and financial performance, are intended to identify such forward-looking statements.

The factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements made by us include those factors discussed herein, including those factors discussed in (a) Part I, ITEM 1A. Risk Factors, (b) Part II, ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, (c) Part II, ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data: Note 19, Commitments and Contingencies, and (d) other factors discussed in filings with the SEC by the Registrants.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this report. Neither Registrant undertakes any obligation to publicly release any revision to its forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Report.

The SEC maintains an Internet site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information that we file electronically with the SEC. These documents are also available to the public from commercial document retrieval services and our website at www.ConstellationEnergy.com. Information contained on our website shall not be deemed incorporated into, or to be a part of, this Report.

On February 21, 2021, the Board of Directors of Exelon Corporation (“Exelon”) authorized management to pursue a plan to separate its competitive generation and customer-facing energy businesses, conducted through Constellation Energy Generation, LLC (“Constellation”, formerly Exelon Generation Company, LLC) and its subsidiaries, into an independent, publicly traded company. Constellation Energy Corporation (“CEG Parent” or the “Company”), a Pennsylvania corporation and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Exelon, was newly formed for the purpose of separation and had not engaged in any activities except in preparation for the distribution. On February 1, 2022, Exelon completed the separation by distributing all the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, on a pro rata basis to the holders of Exelon’s common stock, with the Company holding all the interests in Constellation previously held by Exelon (the "Separation"). As of 2002, Constellation has been an individual registrant since the registration of their public debt securities under the Securities Act. As an individual registrant, Constellation has historically filed consolidated financial statements to reflect their financial position and operating results as a stand-alone, wholly owned subsidiary of Exelon.

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references herein to the terms "we," "our," "us" and "the Company" refer collectively to CEG Parent and Constellation. See Glossary for defined terms.

We are the nation’s largest producer of carbon-free energy and a leading supplier of energy products and services to businesses, homes, community aggregations and public sector customers across the continental United States, including three-fourths of Fortune 100 companies. Our generation fleet of nuclear, hydro, wind, and solar generation facilities has the generating capacity to power the equivalent of 16 million homes, producing about 10 percent of the carbon-free energy in the United States. Constellation’s fleet is helping to accelerate the nation’s transition to a carbon-free future with more than 33,094 megawatts of capacity and an annual output that is nearly 90 percent carbon-free. This makes us an important partner to businesses and state and local governments that are setting ambitious carbon-reduction goals and seeking long-term solutions to the climate crisis. We employ approximately 13,871 people, and do business in 48 states, the District of Columbia, Canada, and the United Kingdom.

Our generation fleet produces more clean, carbon-free energy than any other company in the United States. We are committed to a clean energy future, and we believe our generation fleet is essential to helping meet clean energy targets, at both the state and national level. Our customer-facing business is one of the nation's largest competitive energy suppliers, offering innovative solutions along the sustainability continuum to meet customer clean energy and climate goals.

We operate the largest carbon-free generation fleet in the nation and are one of the largest competitive electric generation companies in the country, as measured by owned and contracted MWs. Collectively, the combined fleet is nearly 90% carbon-free (based on generation output of electricity) and is the third largest generation portfolio in the U.S. in terms of total generation with meaningful geographic diversity, according to the 2023 Ceres Benchmarking Air Emissions of the 100 Largest Electric Power Producers in the United States.

At December 31, 2023, our owned generating resources total capacity of 33,094 MWs consisted of the following:

In addition to the owned generating resources above, at December 31, 2023 we have contracted generation with a total capacity of 4,103 MWs, which represents electric supply procured under unit-specific agreements.

The following map illustrates the locations of our owned generation facilities as of December 31, 2023:

We have five reportable segments, as described in the table below, representing the different geographic regions in which our owned generating resources are located and our customer-facing activities are conducted.

The following table shows our total owned sources of electric supply of 202,474 GWhs and 200,962 GWhs for 2023 and 2022, respectively:

In addition to the owned generation above, we also had purchased power from the spot energy markets that are administered by the RTOs/ISOs and bilateral transactions of 67,215 GWhs and 70,682 GWhs for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS for additional information on electric supply sources.

Nuclear Facilities

Our nuclear fleet is the nation’s largest, with current generating capacity of approximately 22 GWs; it produced 174 TWhs of zero-emissions electricity during 2023 – enough to power 16 million homes and avoid more than 123 million metric tons of carbon emissions according to the EPA GHG Equivalencies Calculator. We have ownership interests in 14 nuclear generating stations currently in service, consisting of 25 units. As of December 31, 2023, we wholly own all our nuclear generating stations, except for undivided ownership interests in five jointly owned nuclear stations: Quad Cities (75% ownership), Peach Bottom (50% ownership), Salem (42.59% ownership), Nine Mile Point Unit 2 (82% ownership), and STP 44% ownership), that are included in our consolidated financial statements relative to our proportionate ownership interest in each unit. See ITEM 2. PROPERTIES for additional information on our nuclear facilities.

On November 1, 2023. we acquired NRG South Texas LP, which owns a 44% undivided ownership interest in the jointly owned STP. See Note 2 — Mergers, Acquisitions, and Dispositions of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the acquisition of STP.

On August 6, 2021, Constellation and EDF entered into a settlement agreement pursuant to which we, through a wholly owned subsidiary, purchased EDF’s equity interest in CENG, a joint venture with EDF, which wholly owned the Calvert Cliffs and Ginna nuclear stations and Nine Mile Point Unit 1, in addition to the 82% undivided ownership interest in Nine Mile Point Unit 2. Prior to August 6, 2021, we had a 50.01% membership interest in CENG, however CENG is consolidated within our results for all periods presented. See Note 2 — Mergers, Acquisitions, and Dispositions of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the acquisition of EDF's equity interest in CENG and the CENG consolidation.

Capacity factors, which are significantly affected by the number and duration of refueling and non-refueling outages, can have a significant impact on our results of operations. In 2023, we achieved an average refueling outage duration of 21 days for units we operate. We achieved an average refueling outage duration of 21 and 22 days in 2022 and 2021, respectively, against industry averages of 40 and 32 days, respectively.

We manage our scheduled refueling outages to minimize their duration and to maintain high nuclear generating capacity factors, resulting in a stable supply position for our wholesale and retail power marketing activities. In 2023, 2022, and 2021, electric supply (in GWhs) generated from our nuclear generating facilities was 65%, 64%, and 65%, respectively, of our total electric supply.

During scheduled refueling outages, we perform maintenance and equipment upgrades in order to maintain safe, reliable operations and to minimize the occurrence of unplanned outages. In addition to the maintenance and equipment upgrades performed by us during scheduled refueling outages, we have extensive operating and security procedures in place to ensure the safe operation of our nuclear units. We also have extensive safety systems in place to protect the plant, personnel, and surrounding area in the unlikely event of an accident or other incident.

We have original 40-year operating licenses from the NRC for each of our nuclear units and have received 20-year operating license renewals from the NRC for all our nuclear units except Clinton. PSEG has received 20-year operating license renewals for Salem Units 1 and 2. STPNOC has received 20-year operating license renewals for STP Units 1 and 2. Peach Bottom has previously received a second 20-year license renewal from the NRC for Units 2 and 3, for a total 80-year term. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the status of Peach Bottom's license renewal.

The following table summarizes the current license expiration dates for our nuclear facilities currently in service:

The operating license renewal process takes approximately four years from commencement, which includes approximately two years for us to develop the application and approximately two additional years for the NRC to review the application. Depreciation provisions are based on the estimated useful lives of the stations, which generally correspond with the term of the NRC operating licenses denoted in the table above as of December 31, 2023, except for Clinton, Dresden Units 2 and 3, Ginna, NMP Unit 1, and Peach Bottom Units 2 and 3 which all assume an additional 20 years beyond current license expiration. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters and Note 8 — Property, Plant, and Equipment of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

From August 27, 2020 through September 15, 2021, Byron and Dresden depreciation provisions were accelerated to reflect the previously announced shutdown dates of September 2021 and November 2021, respectively. On September 15, 2021, we updated the estimated useful lives for both facilities to reflect the end of

the current NRC operating license for each unit consistent with the table above. Beginning in the third quarter of 2022, we updated Dresden depreciation provisions consistent with the license renewal as described above. See Note 7 — Early Plant Retirements and Note 8 — Property, Plant, and Equipment of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on Byron and Dresden.

Natural Gas, Oil and Renewable Facilities (including Hydroelectric)

We operate approximately 11 GWs of natural gas, oil, hydroelectric, wind, and solar generation assets, which provide a mix of baseload, intermediate, and peak power generation. We wholly own all our natural gas, oil, and renewable generating stations, except for: (1) Wyman 4; (2) certain wind project entities; and (3) CRP, which is owned 49% by another unrelated party. We operate all of these facilities, except for Wyman 4, which is operated by the principal owner, NextEra Energy Resources LLC, a subsidiary of NextEra Energy, Inc. See ITEM 2. PROPERTIES for additional information regarding these generating facilities and Note 22 — Variable Interest Entities of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding CRP, which is a VIE.

Natural gas, oil, wind and solar generation plants are generally not licensed, and, therefore, the decision on when to retire plants is, fundamentally, a commercial one. FERC has the exclusive authority to license most non-federal hydropower projects located on navigable waterways or federal lands, or connected to the interstate electric grid, which include our Conowingo Hydroelectric Project (Conowingo) and Muddy Run Pumped Storage Facility Project (Muddy Run). Muddy Run's license expires on December 1, 2055 and is currently being depreciated over an estimated useful life that corresponds with the available license term. In March 2021, FERC issued a new 50-year license for Conowingo, which was subsequently vacated in December 2022; however, depreciation provisions continue to assume an estimated useful life through 2071 in anticipation of the license expiration date being restored. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the status of Conowingo's license.

On March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2021, we completed the sale of a significant portion of our solar business and our interest in the Albany Green Energy biomass facility, respectively. See Note 2 — Mergers, Acquisitions, and Dispositions of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on these dispositions.

Contracted Generation

In addition to energy produced by owned generation assets, we source electricity from generators we do not own under long-term contracts. The following tables summarize our long-term contracts to purchase unit-specific physical power with an original term in excess of one year in duration, by region, in effect as of December 31, 2023:

We are one of the nation’s largest energy suppliers. Through our integrated business operations, we sell electricity, natural gas, and other energy-related products and sustainable solutions to various types of customers, including distribution utilities, municipalities, cooperatives, and commercial, industrial, public sector, and residential customers in markets across multiple geographic regions. We serve approximately 2 million total customers, including three-fourths of Fortune 100 companies, and approximately 1.7 million unique residential customers.

We are a leader in electric power supply, serving approximately 205 TWhs in 2023 through sales to retail customers and wholesale load auctions to a diverse geographic customer base. The following table illustrates these volumes across our five reportable segments:

We are active in all domestic wholesale power and gas markets that span the entire lower 48 states and have complementary retail activity across many of those states. We typically obtain power supply from the market to meet our wholesale and retail obligations; our market risk is mitigated by our owned and contracted generation located in multiple geographic regions. The commodity risks associated with the output from owned and contracted generation are managed using various commodity transactions including sales to retail customers, trades on commodity exchanges, and sales to wholesale counterparties in accordance with our hedging program. See further discussion of the hedging program in the Price and Supply Risk Management section below. The main objective is to obtain low-cost energy supply to meet physical delivery obligations to both our wholesale and retail customers.

Retail Market

Retail competition in states across the U.S. range from full competition of energy suppliers for all retail customers (commercial, industrial, public sector, and residential) to partial retail competition available up to a capped amount for C&I customers only. We are a leader in retail markets, serving approximately 143 TWhs of electric power retail load and approximately 800 Bcf of gas in 2023, primarily to C&I customers across multiple geographic regions in the U.S.

Strong customer relationships are a key part of our customer-facing business strategy, as demonstrated by our high renewal rates. Retail customer renewal rates have been strong over the last seven years across C&I power customer groups, with average contract terms of approximately two years and customer duration of approximately six years, with many customers well beyond these metrics. Specifically, we enjoyed renewal rates of 75% for C&I power customers and 90% for C&I gas customers in 2023, owing to both our competitive pricing as well as our strong customer relationships. Our consistently high renewal rates are driven by our ability to provide customized solutions and deliver focused attention to our customers’ needs, resulting in an industry-leading C&I customer-service business ranking in the DNV 2023 Energy Blueprint: Sales Strategies report. We are also successful at acquiring new customers by offering innovative services and products that meet their needs. In addition to our high customer renewal rates, we have produced consistently high new win rates for C&I

power as well, acquiring nearly one out of every three new customers who have chosen to shop with us over the past five years.

High customer satisfaction levels, market expertise, stability and scale drive growth and result in historically proven business with consistent margins. While providing customers with the best possible price is a key focus, we leverage our broad suite of electric and gas product structures, oftentimes customized, to provide customers with the commodity solution and information that best fits their needs. It is this attention to the customer that creates the durable, repeatable value highlighted in these statistics.

Consumer purchasing strategies have trended from direct supply relationships to third-party relationships with a number of customers looking to third-party consultants and brokers to find suppliers like us to reduce costs and evaluate the increasing number of options available for expanding energy solutions beyond the commodity. In response, we have expanded our third-party capabilities, created scale through a comprehensive support structure, and enhanced digital applications providing tools, tracking, and measurement, as well as the ability to extend the reach of our sustainability solutions to drive additional market share. While this trend of customers using third parties to find suppliers has slowed in recent years, we have remained the market leader in direct C&I sales with over 33% of the C&I market share of direct customer business driven by our highly experienced and long-tenor direct sales team.

Wholesale Market

As one of the largest customer-facing platforms in the U.S., we benefit from significant economies of scale, that allow us to provide our customers with competitively priced energy and to structure highly tailored solutions targeted to a customer’s unique power needs and clean energy goals. We partner with our customers to provide options along the sustainability continuum, including renewable, efficiency and digital solutions to meet their carbon-free energy goals. Our energy efficiency products provide the ability to optimize performance and maximize efficiency across customer facilities and operations through contract structures that include implementation of energy efficiency upgrades with no upfront capital requirements. Additionally, these service offerings provide scalable solutions to meet sustainability goals through investment across the life of the facility or operations and allow for budget certainty. The ongoing ability to optimize energy consumption for customers allows us to support customer demands with the right combination of technology and efficiency program options.

Our CORe+ product serves C&I customers' sustainability needs by matching contracted, third-party new-build renewable generation with customer desire to add additional carbon-free generation to the grid with geographic preference. In 2023 we rolled out our Hourly Carbon-Free Energy (CFE) platform and closed two landmark transactions with Microsoft and Commonwealth Edison. Achieving 100% carbon-free power is a key sustainability goal for many organizations. As customers make the transition to 100% carbon-free power, many are looking to bridge the gap between their real-time electricity demand and available sources of carbon-free power. Our Hourly CFE platform and associated products match carbon-free generation every hour with a customer’s load, along with appropriate tracking and retirement of hourly attributes in the applicable registry. In addition to larger-scale CORe+ offerings and Hourly CFE, we offer a range of sustainability solutions to customers (e.g., RECs, CORe, EFECs, RINs, RNG, carbon offsets, etc.) to support their energy needs during the transition to a carbon-free energy ecosystem.

In addition to sustainability solutions, data and analytics have also become increasingly important for our customers. Our smart utility expense management platform helps customers proactively manage utility costs, understand trends, and develop strategies to optimize spend and drive sustainability objectives, while also providing utility bill payment services. This platform provides new avenues for incremental growth by coupling the opportunities for customer usage optimization with accompanying products and solutions that we can provide to customers. These types of data and analytical services allow us to grow our customer base in previously inaccessible regulated markets by offering non-commodity energy-related products and services.

Our Constellation Technology Ventures’ commercialization team invests in, and collaborates with, portfolio companies to deploy products and technologies across our broad customer base to drive value for both us and portfolio companies. Portfolio company solutions have included EV and charging infrastructure, sustainability monitoring and reporting tools, distributed energy resources, financing solutions, and more.

We leverage a combination of wholesale and retail customer load sales, federal and state programs, as well as non-derivative and derivative contracts, all with credit-approved counterparties, to hedge the commodity price risk of our generation portfolio.

Beginning in 2024, our nuclear fleet is eligible for the nuclear PTC provided by the IRA, an important tool in managing commodity price risk for each nuclear unit not already receiving state support. The nuclear PTC provides increasing levels of support as unit revenues decline below levels established in the IRA and is further adjusted annually for inflation over the duration of the program.

In locations and periods where our load serving activities do not naturally offset existing generation portfolio risk, remaining commodity price exposure is managed through portfolio hedging activities. Portfolio hedging activities are generally concentrated in the prompt three years, when customer demand and market liquidity enable effective price risk mitigation. During this prompt three-year period, we seek to mitigate price risk associated with our load serving contracts, non-nuclear generation, and any residual price risk for our nuclear generation that the nuclear PTC and state programs may not fully mitigate. We also enter transactions that further optimize the economic benefits of our overall portfolio.

A portion of our hedging strategy may be implemented using fuel products based on assumed correlations between power and fuel prices. Our risk management group monitors the financial risks of the wholesale and retail power marketing activities. We also use financial and commodity contracts for proprietary trading purposes, but this activity accounts for only a small portion of our efforts and is not material to our results. The proprietary trading portfolio is subject to a risk management policy that includes stringent risk management limits. See ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK for additional information.

The cycle of production and utilization of nuclear fuel includes the mining and milling of uranium ore into uranium concentrates, the conversion of uranium concentrates to uranium hexafluoride, the enrichment of the uranium hexafluoride, and the fabrication of fuel assemblies. Nuclear fuel is obtained predominantly through long-term uranium concentrate supply contracts, contracted conversion services, contracted enrichment services, or a combination thereof, including contracts sourced from Russia, and contracted fuel fabrication services. We have inventory in various forms and engage a diverse set of domestic and international suppliers to ensure we can secure the nuclear fuel needed to continue to operate our nuclear fleet. We do not anticipate difficulty in obtaining the necessary uranium concentrates or conversion, enrichment, or fabrication services to meet the nuclear fuel requirements of our nuclear fleet. We manage various risks around our nuclear fuel requirements in accordance with our fuel procurement policy limiting our transactions with each supplier to mitigate concentration of risk. The size of our inventory holdings and forward contractual coverage considers our refueling needs across multiple years to protect against supply disruptions and near-term price volatility, while allowing for capital flexibility. See ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK for additional information.

Natural gas is procured through long-term and short-term contracts, as well as spot-market purchases. Fuel oil inventories are managed so that in the winter months sufficient volumes of fuel are available in the event of extreme weather conditions and during the remaining months to take advantage of favorable market pricing.

See ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS, ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates and Note 16 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding derivative financial instruments.

Our operations are affected by weather, which affects demand for electricity and natural gas, as well as operating conditions. The market price for electricity is also affected by changes in the demand for electricity and the available supply of electricity. With respect to the electric business, very warm weather in summer months and, with respect to the electric and natural gas businesses, very cold weather in winter months is generally referred to as “favorable weather conditions” because those weather conditions result in increased deliveries of electricity and natural gas. Conversely, mild weather reduces demand. As a result, our operating results in the future may fluctuate substantially on a seasonal basis, especially when more severe weather conditions such as heat waves or extreme winter weather make such fluctuations more pronounced. The pattern of this fluctuation may change depending on the type and location of the facilities owned, the wholesale and retail load served and the terms of contracts to purchase or sell electricity. See ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK for additional information.

We are subject to liability, property damage, and other risks associated with major incidents at our generating stations. We have reduced our financial exposure to these risks through insurance, both property damage and liability, and other industry risk-sharing provisions. We also maintain business interruption insurance for our renewable projects, but not for our other generating stations unless required by contract or financing agreements. We are self-insured to the extent that any losses may exceed the amount of insurance maintained or are within the policy deductible for our insured losses.

See ITEM 2. PROPERTIES for additional information regarding property insurance and Note 19 — Commitments and Contingencies of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for insurance specific to our nuclear facilities.

CEG Parent's subsidiaries include public utilities as defined under the Federal Power Act that are subject to FERC’s exclusive ratemaking jurisdiction over wholesale sales of electricity and the transmission of electricity in interstate commerce. Under the Federal Power Act, FERC has the authority to grant or deny market-based rates for sales of energy, capacity, and ancillary services to ensure that such sales are just and reasonable. FERC’s jurisdiction over ratemaking includes the authority to suspend the market-based rates of utilities and set cost-based rates should FERC find that its previous grant of market-based rates authority is no longer just and reasonable. Other matters subject to FERC jurisdiction include, but are not limited to, certain third-party financings; review of certain mergers involving public utilities; certain dispositions of jurisdictional facilities and acquisitions of securities of another public utility or an existing operational generating facility; certain affiliate transactions; certain intercompany financings and cash management arrangements; certain internal corporate reorganizations; and certain holding company acquisitions of public utility and holding company securities.

RTOs and ISOs are FERC-regulated entities that exist in several regions to provide transmission service across multiple transmission systems. FERC has approved PJM, MISO, ISO-NE, and SPP as RTOs and CAISO and NYISO as ISOs. These entities are responsible for regional planning, managing transmission congestion, developing wholesale markets for energy and capacity, maintaining reliability, market monitoring, and the scheduling of physical power transactions in the region. ERCOT is not subject to regulation by FERC but performs a similar function in Texas to that performed by RTOs and ISOs in markets regulated by FERC.

We are subject to the jurisdiction of the NRC with respect to the operation of our nuclear generating facilities, including the licensing for operation of each unit. The NRC subjects nuclear generating stations to continuing review and regulation covering, among other things, operations, maintenance, emergency planning, security, and environmental and radiological aspects of those stations. As part of its Reactor Oversight Process, the NRC continuously assesses unit performance indicators and inspection results and communicates its assessment on a semi-annual basis. The NRC may modify, suspend, or revoke operating licenses and impose violations and/or

civil penalties for failure to comply with the Atomic Energy Act, NRC regulations, or the terms of the operating licenses or orders. Changes in requirements by the NRC may require a substantial increase in capital expenditures and/or operating costs for our nuclear generating facilities. NRC regulations also require that licensees of nuclear generating facilities demonstrate reasonable assurance that funds will be available in specified minimum amounts at the end of the life of the facility to decommission the facility. We meet the ultimate decommissioning funding obligation through the use of dedicated NDT funds. See ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Liquidity and Capital Resources; Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates, Nuclear Decommissioning Asset Retirement Obligations; and Note 3 — Regulatory Matters, Note 10 — Asset Retirement Obligations, and Note 18 — Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial statements for additional information regarding our NDT funds and decommissioning obligations.

Our operations are also subject to the jurisdiction of various other federal, state, regional, and local agencies, and federal and state environmental protection agencies. Additionally, we are subject to NERC mandatory reliability standards, which protect the nation’s bulk power system against potential disruptions from cyber and physical security breaches.

We believe shareholder value is built on a foundation of operational excellence and the pairing of our majority carbon-free energy fleet with our customer-facing platform. We are committed to maintaining investment grade credit ratings. We are focused on optimizing cash returns through a disciplined approach to safe and efficient operations and cost management, underpinned by stable and durable margins from our customer-facing businesses and coupled with distinct payments to our generation plants for the clean energy attributes. We may pursue future growth opportunities that provide additional value building on our core businesses, or expanding our competitive advantages. We are committed to maintaining a strong balance sheet, returning value to our shareholders, and investing in clean energy and sustainable solutions.

As environmental sustainability continues to build momentum for businesses across the country, the demand for carbon-free and sustainability solutions increases. We are committed to a carbon-free energy future and aim to serve as a partner to businesses and the federal, state and local governments that are setting ambitious carbon-reduction goals and seeking long-term solutions to the climate crisis. We will be a leading advocate at the federal level and in our states for policies that will reduce GHG emissions and preserve and grow clean energy.

We are committed to reducing our GHG emissions and enabling our C&I customers through the following:

The principles of our sustainable business strategy demonstrate our commitment to a carbon-free future while maintaining a strong balance sheet, advancing our Environmental, Social, and Governance initiatives and investing in clean energy solutions.

We are committed to maintaining sufficient financial liquidity and an appropriate capital structure to support safe, secure and reliable operations, even in volatile market conditions. We believe our investment grade credit rating is a competitive advantage and we intend to maintain our credit position and best-in-class balance sheet. In line with that commitment, available cash flow will first be used to meet investment grade credit targets, with incremental capital allocated towards disciplined growth and shareholder return. We will build upon a strong compliance and risk management foundation and recognize the critical role this serves in maximizing operational results. We will continue to manage cash flow volatility through prudent risk management strategies across our business.

We will employ a disciplined approach to acquisitions that grow future cash flow and support strategic initiatives. We will also continue to evaluate asset and business divestitures to rationalize the portfolio and optimize cash proceeds.

Various market, financial, regulatory, legislative and operational factors could affect our success in pursuing these strategies. We continue to assess infrastructure, operational, policy, and legal solutions to these issues. See ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS for additional information.

The U.S. energy sector is experiencing unprecedented changes that we believe will increase the demand for reliable, clean power generation and benefit our business. We believe our generation fleet, including our nuclear assets, is well-positioned to deliver reliable, carbon-free power and benefit from growing demand for carbon-free electricity. Key drivers of increased demand for carbon-free energy include:

increasingly stringent policies that require the reduction of GHG emissions over time. Corporations have also adopted targets to reduce the carbon emissions in their business operations, spurred in part by demand from investors and customers for sustainable, environment-friendly business practices. These governmental and corporate policies support the retention and expansion of carbon-free generation and the development and use of clean fuels like hydrogen. We are committed to a clean energy future and we believe our business is well-positioned to benefit from growing policy support for decarbonization as our generation fleet is essential to helping meet climate goals at both the state and federal levels.

Engaged Workforce

Our employees are our greatest assets. We strive to create a workplace that is diverse, inclusive, innovative, and safe for our employees. In order to provide the services and products that our customers expect, we focus on creating the best teams to foster community, mutual respect and the empowerment of employees to be their authentic selves. We strive to attract highly qualified and diverse talent and routinely review our hiring, development and promotion practices to maintain equal opportunity and bias free processes.

We develop our future workforce by focusing on three main areas: (1) elevating career awareness by promoting STEM and energy career pathways; (2) fostering equitable access by reducing and eliminating barriers; and (3) advancing the skills of workers by investing in training, reskilling and upskilling programs. To advance this strategy, in February 2023, we launched Powering Change, a $1 million workforce development program that provides grants to five non-profit organizations with a focus on these three areas. In July 2023, we expanded this effort with an additional investment of $250,000 to include a sixth organization dedicated to this work.

We conducted an employee engagement survey at the end of 2022 to gain insight into engagement and job satisfaction within our workforce and will use it and future surveys to help identify our successes and opportunities for growth. The survey results are shared with leaders at all levels and they are also part of action planning to increase engagement. A robust action planning process is implemented that integrates both centralized action for organization-wide issues and leader-led action for areas unique to their own work groups and/or business areas.

Career Development

We strive to prepare our workforce for the future and help our employees develop competencies to progress in their careers. We work to continuously expand the knowledge and skills of our workforce through formal assessments, feedback, coaching, mentoring, training, leadership development programs and targeted developmental experiences.

Well-Being and Benefits

We help our employees maintain and improve their overall well-being, and we offer a wide range of benefits that support physical, mental, financial, and family health. Our comprehensive benefits help our employees care for themselves and their families, now and in the future.

Community

We actively invest in community development through philanthropic giving and employee volunteerism. We work to build a future in which our employees, customers, business associates and communities benefit equitably from social, environmental and economic progress. We provide opportunities for company-sponsored volunteerism and charitable matching gifts programs. Our employees donated $5.1 million to non-profit organizations and provided just over 102,000 volunteer hours in 2023.

Next Generation of Talent

We aim to attract, retain and advance a world-class workforce that effectively serves our customers and communities. We work toward this objective by sourcing and developing a diverse talent pipeline and cultivating an inclusive and respectful culture where all individuals can develop to reach their full potential.

Through our talent acquisition strategy, we work with universities and organizations to attract and recruit STEM-focused students and professionals from diverse backgrounds. Our diversified sourcing strategy includes collaboration with specific universities, technical schools and other organizations. We established relationships with diversity-focused organizations, including Disability:IN, Recruit Military, Society of Women Engineers and National Society of Black Engineers. Through these collaborations, we participate in mentoring programs, conferences, career fairs and industry events to assist with recruiting interns and full-time employees. In 2023, we hired just over 1,500 employees.

Diversity Metrics

We conduct analyses of gender and racial pay equity. We also provide training and review hiring and promotion processes to avoid unconscious bias and include equal pay efforts in broader company-wide equity initiatives. These actions help to create an environment where all employees can thrive and advance as equal members of the workforce.

The following table shows diversity metrics for all employees, management, and executives based on self-disclosed information as of December 31, 2023:

Turnover Rates

As turnover is inherent, management succession planning is performed and tracked for executives enterprise wide. Management frequently reviews succession planning to be prepared when positions become available.

The table below shows the turnover rate for all employees, excluding temporary employees, for the year ended December 31, 2023:

Collective Bargaining Agreements

Approximately 25% of employees participate in CBAs. The following table presents employee information, including information about CBAs, as of December 31, 2023:

We are subject to comprehensive and complex environmental legislation and regulation at the federal, state, and local levels, including requirements relating to climate change, air and water quality, solid and hazardous waste, and impacts on species and habitats.

Our Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing the management of environmental matters. We have a management team to address environmental compliance and strategy, including the CEO, and other members of senior management. Performance of those individuals directly involved in environmental compliance and strategy is reviewed and affects compensation as part of the annual individual performance review process. Our Board of Directors has delegated to its Nuclear Oversight Committee and the Corporate Governance Committee the authority to oversee our compliance with health, environmental, and safety laws and regulations and its strategies and efforts to protect and improve the quality of the environment, including our internal climate change and sustainability policies and programs, as discussed in further detail below.

Driven by concerns about climate change, governments, corporations, and investors are increasingly advocating for the reduction of GHG emissions across all sectors of the economy, with reduction of GHG emissions by the energy sector being a key focus. Governments at the international, national and state levels have established or are currently contemplating increasingly stringent policies that require the reduction of GHG emissions over time. Corporations have also adopted targets to reduce the carbon emissions in their business operations, spurred in part by demand from investors and customers for sustainable, environment-friendly business practices. Emerging technologies like storage and hydrogen are also helping to advance decarbonization.

We believe our business is well-positioned to benefit from growing policy support for decarbonization. However, as detailed below, we also face climate change mitigation and transition risks as well as adaptation risks. Mitigation and transition risks include changes to the energy systems as a result of new technologies, changing customer expectations and/or voluntary GHG reduction goals, as well as local, state or federal regulatory requirements intended to reduce GHG emissions. Adaptation risk refers to risks to our facilities or operations that may result from changes in the physical climate, such as changes to temperatures, weather patterns and sea level rise. See ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS for additional information.

We support comprehensive federal climate legislation that addresses the climate crisis and would ensure the country meets the targets set by the Paris Climate Accord. Independent of additional legislation, we support the EPA moving forward with meaningful regulation of GHG emissions under the Clean Air Act. We currently are subject to, and may become subject to additional, federal and/or state legislation and/or regulations addressing GHG emissions.

We are deliberately positioned as a low-carbon generation company. We have minimized GHG emitting assets in our portfolio and maximized carbon-free electric production in support of achieving economy-wide GHG emissions reduction goals. Our Scope 1 and 2 market-based GHG emissions in 2022 were 9.2 million metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent, of which 8.6 million metric tons were from our natural gas and oil fueled generation fleet, significantly less than our peers with similar volume of power generation.

We produce electricity predominantly from low and carbon-free generating facilities (such as nuclear, hydroelectric, natural gas, wind, and solar) and neither own nor operate any coal-fueled generating assets. Our natural gas and oil generating plants produce some GHG emissions, most notably CO2. In addition, we sell natural gas through our customer-facing business; and consumers’ use of such natural gas produces GHG emissions. However, our owned-asset emission intensity, or rate of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emitted per unit of electricity generated, is among the lowest in the industry. In 2023, we achieved a 94.4% percent capacity factor across our nuclear fleet and our ownership of 22 GWs of carbon-free generation capacity at 25 nuclear units produced 174 TWhs of electricity in 2023.

The electric sector plays a key role in lowering GHG emissions across the rest of the economy. Electrification of other sectors such as transportation and buildings coupled with simultaneous decarbonization of electric generation is a key lever for emissions reductions. To support this transition, we are advocating for public policy supportive of vehicle electrification, investing in enabling infrastructure and technology, and supporting customer education and adoption. We also continue to explore other decarbonization opportunities, supporting pilots of emerging energy technologies and development of clean fuels.

In 2019, New York enacted the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act, which commits the state to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, with interim emission reduction and renewable energy requirements in 2030 and 2040. New Jersey’s Energy Master Plan, released in 2020, provides a comprehensive roadmap for achieving the state’s goal of a 100% clean energy economy by 2050 and its Global Warming Response Act’s stated GHG emissions reductions of 80% below 2006 levels by 2050. On September 15, 2021, Illinois Public Act 102-0662 was signed into law by the Governor of Illinois. The Clean Energy Law is designed to achieve 100% carbon-free power by 2045 to enable the state’s transition to a clean energy economy. The Clean Energy Law establishes decarbonization requirements for Illinois as well as programs to support the retention and development of emissions-free sources of electricity.

Our nuclear plants are meaningful contributors to the clean energy mix in the states in which they operate. States may not be able to meet their zero-carbon goals without our nuclear plants, as our plants provide a significant portion of the current carbon-free power. Several states in which our nuclear facilities operate have established policies to support nuclear generation. The supportive policies are driven by several factors, including recognition by governments and policy makers that existing nuclear generation facilities are essential to meeting policy objectives on reduction of GHG emissions, the desire to support jobs and regional economies, and the need to ensure reliability and security of the electrical grid through resource diversity. These state-specific policies preserve the environmental attributes of our nuclear facilities, and include the following:

renewable energy goals. These standards impose varying levels of mandates for procurement of renewable or clean electricity (the definition of which varies by state) and/or energy efficiency. These are generally expressed as a percentage of annual electric load, often increasing by year. Load serving entities comply with these various requirements through purchasing qualifying renewables, acquiring sufficient certificates (e.g., RECs), paying an alternative compliance payment, and/or a combination of these compliance alternatives.

While we cannot predict the nature of future regulations or how such regulations might impact future financial statements, we have a low emission portfolio, and GHG restrictions would likely benefit our zero- and low-emission generating units relative to other higher-emission fossil fuel-fired generating units.

Climate Change Adaptation

Our facilities and operations are subject to the global impacts of climate change. Long-term shifts in climactic patterns, such as sustained higher temperatures and sea level rise, may present challenges for our facilities and services. We believe our operations could be significantly affected by the physical risks of climate change. See ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS, for additional information.

We conduct seasonal readiness reviews at our power plants to ensure availability of fuel supplies and equipment performance before entering the summer and winter seasons and we consider and review national climate assessments to inform our longer-term planning. Our nuclear fleet is resilient to weather extremes and generates emissions-free electricity 24 hours a day even during unexpectedly cold winter events and hot summer events.

"appropriate and necessary" to regulate hazardous air pollutant emissions from coal- and oil-fired power plants. On July 7, 2023, the D.C. Circuit granted unopposed motions to dismiss all three lawsuits, concluding the MATS litigation. The EPA's March 2023 rule remains in place.

Under the federal Clean Water Act, NPDES permits for discharges into waterways are required to be obtained from the EPA or from the state environmental agency to which the permit program has been delegated, and permits must be renewed periodically. Certain of our facilities discharge water into waterways and are therefore, subject to these regulations and operate under NPDES permits.

Clean Water Act Section 316(b) is implemented through the NDPES program and requires that the cooling water intake structures at facilities that withdraw more than 2 million gallons of water per day for cooling reflect the best technology available to minimize adverse environmental impacts. Our power generation facilities with cooling water intake systems are subject to the EPA’s Section 316(b) regulations finalized in 2014; the regulation’s requirements have been or will be addressed through renewal of these facilities’ NPDES permits. We have completed all required studies and have submitted recommendations for compliance as part of the NPDES/SPDES renewal process. We have submitted the NPDES/SPDES renewal timely for all of our owned and operated nuclear stations. Five of the twelve stations have been deemed compliant with the 316(b) rule using existing technology. Until the compliance requirements are determined by the applicable state permitting director for each of the seven remaining nuclear stations, on a site-specific basis for each plant, we cannot estimate the effect that compliance with the EPA’s 2014 rule will have on the operation of our generating facilities and our consolidated financial statements. As a result, in some instances, such as Peach Bottom, the permit expiration dates have elapsed and have been administratively extended. Should a state permitting director determine that a facility must install cooling towers to comply with the rule, that facility’s economic viability could be called into question. However, the final rule does not mandate cooling towers and allows state permitting directors to require alternative, less costly technologies and/or operational measures, based on a site-specific assessment of the feasibility, costs, and benefits of available options. There is no regulatory established timeline for NPDES permit renewals.

On July 28, 2016, the NJDEP issued a final permit for Salem requiring 316(b) studies and deferring the Agency's selection of a final compliance technology. The permit allows Salem to continue to operate utilizing the existing cooling water intake system with certain required modifications. However, the permit is being challenged by an environmental organization, and if successful, could result in additional costs for Clean Water Act compliance. Potential cooling water system modification costs could be material and could adversely impact the economic competitiveness of this facility.

Under Clean Water Act Section 404 and state laws and regulations, we may be required to obtain permits for projects involving dredge or fill activities in Waters of the United States.

Our hydroelectric and nuclear facilities are required to secure a federal license or permit for activities that may result in a discharge to covered waters, we are required to obtain a state water quality certification for those facilities under Clean Water Act section 401. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the status of the 401 Certification from MDE for Conowingo.

We are also subject to the jurisdiction of the Delaware River Basin Commission and the Susquehanna River Basin Commission, regional agencies that primarily regulate water usage.

CERCLA authorizes response to releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances into the environment. CERCLA authorities complement those of the RCRA, which primarily regulates ongoing hazardous waste handling and disposal. Under CERCLA, generators and transporters of hazardous substances, as well as past and present owners and operators of hazardous waste sites, are strictly, jointly and severally liable for the cleanup costs of hazardous substances at sites, many of which are listed by the EPA on the National Priorities List. These PRPs can be ordered to perform a cleanup, can be sued for costs associated with an EPA-directed cleanup, may voluntarily settle with the EPA concerning their liability for cleanup costs, or may voluntarily begin a site investigation and site remediation under state oversight. Most states have also enacted statutes that contain provisions substantially like CERCLA. Such statutes apply in many states where we currently own or operate, or previously owned or operated facilities, including Illinois, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Texas. In addition, RCRA governs treatment, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes and cleanup of sites where such activities were conducted.

Our operations have in the past, and may in the future, require substantial expenditures in order to comply with these federal and state environmental laws. Under these laws, we may be liable for the costs of remediating environmental contamination of property now or formerly owned by us and of property contaminated by hazardous substances generated or transported by us. We own or lease several real estate parcels, including parcels on which our operations or the operations of others may have resulted in contamination by substances that are considered hazardous under environmental laws. We are, or could become in the future, parties to proceedings initiated by the EPA, state agencies, and/or other responsible parties under CERCLA and RCRA or similar state laws with respect to several sites or may undertake to investigate and remediate sites for which we may be subject to enforcement actions by an agency or third-party.

As of December 31, 2023, we have established appropriate contingent liabilities for environmental remediation requirements. In addition, we may be required to make significant additional expenditures not presently determinable for other environmental remediation costs. See Note 19 — Commitments and Contingencies of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding our environmental matters, remediation efforts, and related impacts to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Nuclear Waste Storage and Disposal

There are no facilities for the reprocessing or permanent disposal of SNF currently in operation in the United States, nor has the NRC licensed any such facilities. We currently store all SNF generated by our nuclear generating facilities on-site in storage pools or in dry cask storage facilities. Since our SNF storage pools generally do not have sufficient storage capacity for the life of the respective plant, we have developed dry cask storage facilities to support operations.

As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately 93,600 SNF assemblies (22,900 tons) stored on site in SNF pools or dry cask storage that includes SNF assemblies at Zion Station, for which we retain ownership and responsibility for the decommissioning of the Zion Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation. All our nuclear sites have on-site dry cask storage. On-site dry cask storage in concert with on-site storage pools will be capable of meeting all current and future SNF storage requirements at each of our sites for the duration of both current and subsequent license periods of all stations and through decommissioning. For a discussion of matters associated with our contracts with the DOE for the disposal of SNF, see Note 19 — Commitments and Contingencies of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

As a by-product of their operations, nuclear generating units produce LLRW. LLRW is accumulated at each generating station and permanently disposed of at licensed disposal facilities. The Federal Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Act of 1980 provides that states may enter into agreements to provide regional disposal facilities for LLRW and restrict use of those facilities to waste generated within the region. Illinois and Kentucky have entered into such an agreement, although neither state currently has an operational site, and none is anticipated to be operational for the next ten years. We ship our Class A LLRW, which represents 93% of LLRW generated at our stations, to disposal facilities in Utah and South Carolina, which have enough storage capacity to store all Class A LLRW for the duration of both current and subsequent license periods for all the stations in our nuclear fleet. The disposal facility in South Carolina at present is only receiving LLRW from LLRW generators in South Carolina, New Jersey (which includes Salem), and Connecticut.

We utilize on-site storage capacity at all our stations to store and stage for shipping Class B and Class C LLRW. We have a contract through 2040 to ship Class B and Class C LLRW to a disposal facility in Texas. The agreement provides for disposal of all Class B and Class C LLRW currently stored at each station as well as the Class B and Class C LLRW generated during the term of the agreement. However, because the production of LLRW from our nuclear fleet will exceed the capacity at the Texas site (3.9 million curies for 15 years beginning in 2012), we will still be required to utilize on-site storage at our stations for Class B and Class C LLRW. We currently have enough storage capacity to store all Class B and Class C LLRW for the duration of both current and subsequent license periods for of all the stations in our nuclear fleet and, we continue to pursue alternative disposal strategies for LLRW, including an LLRW reduction program to minimize on-site storage and cost impacts.

CEG Parent’s principal executive office is located at 1310 Point Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231-3380. Constellation’s principal executive office is located at 200 Exelon Way, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348-2473. The telephone number for our principal executive offices is (833) 883-0162. We maintain a website located at www.ConstellationEnergy.com. The information contained on, or accessible from, our website is not part of this annual report by reference or otherwise.

We file our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports with the SEC. You may obtain copies of these documents by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials are furnished to the SEC, we make copies of these documents available to the public free of charge through our website or by contacting our corporate secretary at the applicable address set forth above under "—Corporate Information."

Constellation has established programs and processes to manage material risks from cybersecurity threats including assessing and identifying existing cybersecurity risks, as well as continuously monitoring for developing risks. Our cybersecurity risk management strategy is established at the executive level and is implemented through our cybersecurity program which deploys risk-based security controls and services to protect our customers, personnel, information and cyber assets. The program aligns enterprise cyber and physical security controls with the National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) and other industry standards such as the NERC and NRC cybersecurity standards. Cybersecurity risk is assessed and reported in our enterprise risk management program, which utilizes the Three Lines Model adapted from the Institute of Internal Auditors, for risk management to assign clear risk responsibilities across the enterprise. Through coordination with operational teams, we align on cybersecurity risk classification, categorization, likelihood, and potential impact to the company. At the highest level, our program includes multi-layered oversight by the Board of Directors and Board Committees.

Our cybersecurity and physical security controls are implemented through policies and procedures which form the comprehensive framework we utilize for planning, performing, managing, assessing, innovating, and improving our security controls. Our defense-in-depth strategy to protect our cyber assets and sensitive information reduces the potential severity and duration of a cybersecurity incident by leveraging security measures across various layers of the enterprise. Cross-functional executive steering committees and peer groups, with business unit and technical stakeholder participation, are maintained to support oversight, security controls development, change management, implementation, evaluation, continuous improvement, and sustainment.

Our cybersecurity program is aligned to the five functions of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework – identify, detect, protect, respond, and recover. To protect our information and cyber assets, we implement practices for training and screening of personnel, access management, network defense, asset configuration management, vulnerability assessment (including penetration testing), third-party security, and privacy and information protection.

In addition, to detect cybersecurity events, we deploy security logging and monitoring, malicious code detection, and data loss protection tools. If the company is the target of a cybersecurity attack, we have established processes for incident response and crisis management to detect and triage potential incidents and determine severity, contain, and eradicate a threat. These processes also include steps to recover our systems and information through established and exercised system recovery plans and business continuity plans. Our incident response process includes steps to notify regulatory and other governmental authorities of cybersecurity events as required by law, including providing notice to investors for material cybersecurity events.

As part of our process to continuously improve, we utilize internal functions such as our internal audit and risk functions to evaluate security controls and risk management practices. We also engage third-party subject matter experts to independently assess our programs, processes and technical controls, as needed. For our regulated cyber assets associated with critical infrastructure, such as those within the scope of NERC and the NRC, regulatory auditors and inspectors monitor our adherence to mandatory cybersecurity requirements on a regular frequency using a variety of compliance monitoring and enforcement mechanisms.

Our Board is actively engaged in monitoring the performance of the Company's cybersecurity program and maintains oversight of the Company’s enterprise risk program, including with respect to commodity markets, market design, enterprise security (physical and cyber), operating risks, and financial performance. While the full Board retains ultimate responsibility and oversight of the Company's cybersecurity risk management practices, the Nuclear Oversight Committee and the Audit and Risk Committee also have cybersecurity risk management as part of their charters. The Nuclear Oversight Committee is tasked with overseeing compliance with policies and procedures to manage and mitigate cybersecurity risks associated with our nuclear assets. The Audit and Risk Committee oversees policies and processes established by management to identify, assess, monitor, manage and control technology and cyber risks, among other risks. Our Chief Information Officer (CIO) and Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) provide regular reports to the Board, or one or both of its designated Committees, regarding the security of our operational and information technology programs, systems, and risks. We also report on the state of our cybersecurity program and provide key risk indicators to track performance. Emergent matters or events are reported to the Board between scheduled meetings on an ad hoc basis through our incident response and crisis management protocols.

At the executive and management level, the Chief Administration Officer, via delegations to the Cyber and Physical Security organizations, is authorized to govern and functionally oversee our security controls and services on behalf of the enterprise. Our cybersecurity organization, under the direction of the CISO who reports to the CIO, implements and provides governance and functional oversight for cybersecurity controls and services. Our CIO has over 20 years of experience with information systems, including management roles in operational security, technical design and engineering, and platform architecture cybersecurity, governance and compliance, and business continuity. Our CISO has over 20 years of experience in cybersecurity, governance and compliance, physical security and business continuity. In addition, cybersecurity risk is assessed and tracked through the Company's enterprise risk management program.

Although the risks from cyber threats have not materially affected our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition to date, we continue to closely monitor cyber risk. Overall, our company has implemented tactical processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats to the company including governance at the Board level and accountability in our executive management for the execution of our cyber risk management strategy and the controls designed to protect our operations. See ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS for additional information regarding the Company’s cybersecurity risks.

The following table presents our interests in net electric generating capacity by station at December 31, 2023:

The net generation capability available for operation at any time may be less due to regulatory restrictions, transmission congestion, fuel restrictions, efficiency of cooling facilities, level of water supplies, or generating units being temporarily out of service for inspection, maintenance, refueling, repairs, or modifications required by regulatory authorities.

We also own EMT, which is a liquefied natural gas (LNG) import facility located on the Mystic River in Everett, MA. EMT connects to two interstate pipeline systems as well as a local gas utility's distribution system and the Mystic Generating Station.

We maintain property insurance against loss or damage to our principal plants and properties by fire or other perils, subject to certain exceptions. For additional information on insurance specific to our nuclear facilities, see Note 19 — Commitments and Contingencies of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. For our insured losses, we are self-insured to the extent that any losses are within the policy deductible or exceed the amount of insurance maintained. Any such losses could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.