Prime Medicine (PRME) 10-Q2024 Q1 Quarterly report

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains express or implied statements which are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements, other than statements of historical facts, contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenue, projected costs, prospects, plans, and objectives of management, are forward-looking statements, which are based on management’s belief and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. These statements involve substantial risks, assumptions and uncertainties. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “envision,” “estimate,” “expect,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “strategy,” “target,” “potential,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “continue,” “contemplate,” “vision” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words.

The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include statements about:

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q also contains estimates, projections and other information concerning our industry, our business and the markets for our product candidates. Such information is inherently subject to uncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances that are assumed in this information. Unless otherwise expressly stated, we obtained this data from our own internal estimates and research as well as from reports, research surveys, studies and similar data prepared by market research firms and other third parties, industry, medical and general publications, government data and similar sources. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding any third-party information presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, their estimates, in particular as they relate to projections, involve numerous assumptions, are subject to risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the section titled “Risk Factors” set forth in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, if any, our Annual Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2024, and in other SEC filings.

From time to time we may use our website, our X (formerly known as Twitter) account (@PrimeMedicine) or our LinkedIn profile at https://www.linkedin.com/company/prime-medicine to distribute material information. Our financial and other material information is routinely posted to and accessible on the Investors section of our website, available at www.primemedicine.com. Investors are encouraged to review the Investors section of our website because we may post material information on that site that is not otherwise disseminated by us. Information that is contained in and can be accessed through our website or our social media is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

(1) Includes related party amount of $0.3 million as of December 31, 2023.

(1) Includes related party amount of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Prime Medicine, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiary (the “Company”) is a biotechnology company committed to delivering a new class of differentiated one-time curative genetic therapies to address the widest spectrum of diseases. The Company is deploying Prime Editing technology, which it believe is a versatile, precise, and efficient gene editing technology. The Company was incorporated in the State of Delaware in September 2019. Its principal offices are in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Since its inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its resources to building its Prime editing platform and advancing development of its portfolio of programs, establishing and protecting its intellectual property, conducting research and development activities, organizing and staffing the company, business planning, raising capital and providing general and administrative support for these operations. To date, the Company has funded its operations primarily with proceeds from sales of preferred stock and from public offerings of its common stock.

In February 2024, the Company issued and sold 22,560,001 shares of its common stock, including 3,360,000 shares pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, at a price to the public of $6.25 per share. Further, in lieu of common stock to certain investors, the Company sold pre-funded warrants to purchase 3,200,005 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $6.24999 per pre-funded warrant, which represents the per share public offering price of each share of common stock less the $0.00001 per share exercise price for each pre-funded warrant. As a result of the offering, the Company received approximately $150.9 million in net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and estimated offering costs of $10.1 million.

The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties common to early stage companies in the biotechnology industry, including, but not limited to, completing preclinical studies and clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approval for product candidates, market acceptance of products, development by competitors of new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, the ability to attract and retain qualified employees, reliance on third-party organizations, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations, and the ability to raise additional capital to fund operations. The Company’s product candidates currently under development will require significant additional research and development efforts, including extensive preclinical and clinical testing and regulatory approval prior to commercialization. These efforts require significant amounts of additional capital, adequate personnel and infrastructure, and extensive compliance-reporting capabilities. Even if the Company’s development efforts are successful, it is uncertain when, if ever, the Company will realize significant revenue from product sales.

Since its inception, the Company has incurred substantial losses and, as of March 31, 2024, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $537.1 million. The Company expects to generate operating losses and negative operating cash flows for the foreseeable future. The Company expects that its cash, cash equivalents, and investments as of March 31, 2024 of $210.7 million will be sufficient to fund its operations for at least the next twelve months from the date of issuance of these financial statements.

The Company will need to raise additional capital to support its continuing operations and to pursue its growth strategy. Until such time as the Company can generate significant revenue from product sales, if ever, it expects to finance its operations through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements. The Company may be unable to raise additional capital or enter into such other agreements when needed on favorable terms or at all. The inability to raise capital as and when needed would have a

negative impact on the Company’s financial condition and its ability to pursue its business strategy. The Company will need to generate significant revenue to achieve profitability, and it may never do so.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of Prime Medicine, Inc. are unaudited. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2024, the results of its operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and its cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The financial data and other information disclosed in these notes related to the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are also unaudited. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024, any other interim periods, or any future year or period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2023 was derived from our audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, and notes thereto, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 1, 2024.

The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected within these condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to the valuation of the Company’s common stock and stock-based awards, and the valuation of the related party forward contract liability. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, known trends and other market-specific or other relevant factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, as there are changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates or assumptions.

liability as a component of other expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Accounting standards that have been issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements upon adoption.

The following tables present the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicate the level of the fair value hierarchy utilized to determine such fair value:

Unrealized gains and losses of investments in debt securities consisted of the following:

Marketable securities in unrealized loss positions consisted of the following:

Based on factors such as historical experience, market data, issuer-specific factors, and current economic conditions, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2024 related to these investments. Further, given the lack of significant change in the credit risk, the Company does not consider these investments to be impaired.

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:

Depreciation expense related to property and equipment is as follows:

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

In November 2021, the Company entered into a lease for three floors of office and laboratory space in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with rent commencing in March 2024, subject to any credits pursuant to the terms of the lease. Also subject to any credits pursuant to the terms of the lease, the Company expects to pay up to approximately $208.7 million over the initial non-cancelable term of the lease of ten years, and the Company has an option to extend the lease for an additional period of ten years with the rent during the extension term being the then fair market rent. The Company secured the lease with a $13.1 million security deposit, which was recorded as restricted cash on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The Company determined that the lease contained three separate lease components each of which represents a right of use that the Company can benefit from on its own and none which are neither highly dependent nor highly related to each other. The Company allocated the consideration among the three lease components based on their relative fair market value.

In accordance with ASC 842, Leases, the lease commenced for one of the lease components in March 2024 and the Company recorded a right-of-use asset of $44.9 million, and a corresponding lease liability of $33.6 million on the lease commencement date; this includes a reclass of $11.3 million from prepaid expenses to right-of-use asset related to build out costs which were determined to be owned by the lessor. As the exercise of the option to extend the lease term was not reasonably certain, the Company will recognize lease expense for this lease component through February 2034.

The lease commencement for the other two lease components is expected to occur in 2025. Any consideration paid to lease components for which the lease has not commenced are recorded as prepaid expense on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Under the Company’s Third Amended and Restated of Certificate of Incorporation, the Company’s common stock had a par value of $0.0001 and each share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to the stockholders for a vote. The holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, as declared by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors”).

As previously discussed, in February 2024, the Company issued and sold 22,560,001 shares of its common stock, including 3,360,000 shares pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, at a price to the public of $6.25 per share.

warrants can be exercised by the holder at anytime. As of March 31, 2024, there have not been any exercises of the pre-funded warrants.

The Company’s 2019 Stock Option and Grant Plan (the “2019 Plan”) provides for the Company to grant incentive stock options (“ISO”), non-qualified stock options, unrestricted stock awards, restricted stock awards (“RSA”) and other stock-based awards (collectively, the “Awards”) to the officers, employees, consultants and other key persons of the Company. The 2019 Plan was administered by the Board of Directors, or at the discretion of the Board of Directors, by a committee of the Board of Directors. The exercise prices, vesting and other restrictions are determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors, or its committee if so delegated.

In October 2022, in connection with the closing of the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”), the Board of Directors determined that no further awards would be granted under the 2019 Plan.

On February 9, 2022, the Board of Directors adopted, and on October 10, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved, the 2022 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”), which became effective on October 18, 2022. The 2022 Plan allows the Company to make equity-based and cash-based incentive awards to its officers, employees, directors, and consultants. The 2022 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards.

The shares of common stock underlying any awards under the 2022 Plan and the 2019 Plan that are forfeited, cancelled, held back upon exercise or settlement of an award to satisfy the exercise price or tax withholding, reacquired by the Company prior to vesting, satisfied without the issuance of stock, expire, or are otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) will be added back to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2022 Plan. The number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the 2022 Plan increased on January 1, 2023 and will increase on each January 1 hereafter, by five percent of the outstanding number of shares of common stock on the immediately preceding December 31 or such lesser number of shares as determined by the Compensation Committee. On January 1, 2023, the annual increase resulted in an additional 4,868,856 shares authorized being added to the 2022 Plan. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had 21,290,494 shares reserved under the 2022 Plan and the 2019 Plan, and 9,088,040 shares available for issuance under the 2022 ESPP.

On February 9, 2022, the Board of Directors adopted, and on October 10, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved, the 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2022 ESPP”), which became effective on October 18, 2022.

The number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2022 ESPP cumulatively increased beginning on January 1, 2023 and shall increase on each January 1 hereafter through January 1, 2032, by the least of (i) 971,350 shares of common stock, (ii) one percent of the outstanding number of shares of common stock on the immediately preceding December 31, or (iii) such number of shares of common stock as determined by the administrator of the 2022 ESPP. There was no annual increase for the 2022 ESPP on January 1, 2024. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had 1,868,212 shares available for issuance under the 2022 Plan.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company issued 74,488 shares of the Company’s common stock under the 2022 ESPP.

The Company awarded restricted common stock to employees and non-employees under its 2019 Plan. The vesting of these restricted stock awards are time-based or performance-based.

The following table below summarizes the classification of the Company’s stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and restricted common stock awards in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss:

Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2024. Since the date of those financial statements, there have been no changes to the Company’s significant agreements.

Basic and diluted net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders was calculated as follows:

Diluted net loss per share available to common stockholders was computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. For purposes of this calculation, preferred stock, unvested restricted stock and stock options to purchase common stock were considered common stock equivalents but had been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share available to common stockholders as their effect was anti-dilutive. In periods in which the Company reports a net loss available to common stockholders, diluted net loss per share available to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share available to common stockholders, since dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive.

Pursuant to a consulting agreement with David Liu, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company made payments of $37,500 in each period for scientific consulting and other expenses. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no amounts included within accounts payable or accrued expenses.

In December 2021, the Company and Myeloid entered into the Myeloid Collaboration Agreement and Myeloid Subscription Agreement during which time the Company and Myeloid had one common board member, who is also an affiliate of Newpath, one of the Company’s holders of common stock. In 2023, the Company terminated the Myeloid Collaboration Agreement.

In January 2024, the Company and Myeloid entered into a settlement agreement resolving two arbitration proceedings, which are described in Note 10, Licenses and Collaboration Agreements. Under the terms of the settlement agreement, the parties agreed to resolve and settle all disputes between the parties and release all claims between them relating to the License Agreement and the arbitrations in exchange for the Company's payment to Myeloid of $13.5 million, certain mutual covenants, and other consideration. The settlement was accrued on the

Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 and paid during the three months ended March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2024, there were no amounts included within accounts payable or accrued expenses.

In February 2024, the Company entered into an advisory services agreement (“Marrazzo Agreement”) with Jeffrey Marrazzo, a member of the Board of Directors. Under the Marrazzo Agreement, Mr. Marrazzo agreed to provide certain professional services to the Company separate from and in addition to his service as a Board member. For his services, the Company agreed to pay Mr. Marrazzo an annual fee of $50,000 per year in addition to the grant of an option to purchase 250,000 shares of the Company's common stock, which has a grant date fair value of $1.5 million.

The term of the Marrazzo Agreement runs through February 2025 and may be terminated or extended by mutual written agreement. If the Company terminates the Marrazzo Agreement without "Cause," the administrator of the 2022 Plan will accelerate the vesting of the option such that the pro rata portion of the option will vest and be immediately exercisable.

We are a biotechnology company committed to delivering a new class of differentiated one-time curative genetic therapies to address the widest spectrum of diseases. We are deploying Prime Editing technology, which we believe is a versatile, precise, and efficient gene editing technology.

To maximize the potential of our Prime Editing technology, we have built a diversified portfolio of investigational therapeutic programs organized around core areas of focus: hematology and immunology, liver, lung, ocular, and neuromuscular. We are advancing additional programs as potential partnership opportunities.

Chronic granulomatous disease is our most advanced blood program, and we have designated PM359 as our development candidate. In April 2024, we announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration cleared our investigational new drug application for PM359 for the treatment of chronic granulomatous disease, enabling us to initiate our global Phase 1/2 clinical trial in the United States. The Phase 1/2 clinical trial is a multinational, first-in-human trial designed to assess the safety, biological activity and preliminary efficacy of PM359 in adult and pediatric study participants.

We believe our Prime Editing programs are well-positioned to leverage the clinical, regulatory, and manufacturing advancements made to date across gene therapy, gene editing, and delivery modalities to accelerate progression to clinical trials and potential approval.

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred in connection with the development and research of our immediate target indications and our differentiation target indications. These expenses include:

We expense all research and development costs in the periods in which they are incurred. Most of our research and development expenses have been related to early stage development activities. In the future, external research and development costs for any individual product candidate will be tracked commencing upon product candidate nomination. We do not allocate employee costs, costs associated with our discovery efforts, laboratory supplies, and facilities expenses, including depreciation or other indirect costs, to specific product development programs because these costs are deployed across multiple programs and our platform and, as such, are not separately classified.

Upfront and milestone payments made are accrued for and expensed when the achievement of the milestone is probable up to the point of regulatory approval. Milestone payments made upon regulatory approval will be capitalized and amortized over the remaining useful life of the related product.

We expect our research and development expenses to continue to increase substantially for the foreseeable future with our planned research and development activities related to developing any future product candidates, including investments in manufacturing, as we advance any product candidates we may identify and begin to conduct clinical trials.

General and administrative expenses consist of salaries and personnel-related costs, including stock-based compensation, for our personnel in executive, legal, finance and accounting, human resources and other administrative functions. General and administrative expenses also include legal fees relating to patents and corporate matters; professional fees paid for accounting, auditing, consulting and tax service; insurance costs; office and information technology costs; and facilities, depreciation and other general and administrative expenses, which include direct or allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities and utilities.

We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will increase in the future as we increase our headcount to support research and development activities; increased accounting, legal, insurance, and investor and public relations costs as we continue to operate as a public company; and additional intellectual property-related expenses as we file patent applications to protect innovations arising from our research and development activities.

The $2.0 million increase in general and administrative expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 is primarily driven by $2.8 million increase in personnel expense, including an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $2.0 million, driven by growth in personnel as we operate as a public company and to support our growing research and development function.

The change in fair value of related party short-term investment for each of the periods presented is a result of Beam’s stock price movement.

Other income, net for the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily consists of interest income from the Company’s short-term investments.

Since our inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. We expect to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future as we commence the clinical development of our programs and continue our platform development and early-stage research activities. We have not yet commercialized any products and we do not expect to generate revenue from sales of products for several years, if at all. To date, we have funded our operations primarily with proceeds from sales of preferred stock and from our public offerings. As of March 31, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents, and investments of $210.7 million, excluding our restricted cash, or $224.2 million, including restricted cash.

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented:

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was driven primarily by the following uses of cash:

These were offset by $8.2 million of non-cash amounts included in net loss, which primarily consisted of stock-based compensation expense, non-cash lease expense, depreciation and amortization expense, and change in fair value of short-term investment — related party.

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was driven primarily by the following uses of cash:

These were offset by $6.5 million of non-cash amounts included in net loss, which primarily consisted of change in fair value of short-term investment — related party, non-cash lease expense, and stock-based compensation expense.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was driven primarily by the following uses of cash:

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was driven primarily by the following:

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was driven primarily by the following:

To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales. We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales unless and until we successfully complete preclinical and clinical development of, receive regulatory approval for, and commercialize a product candidate and we do not know when, or if at all, that will occur. We expect our expenses to increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we advance the preclinical activities and studies and initiate clinical trials. In addition, if we obtain regulatory approval for any product candidates, we expect to incur significant expenses related to product sales, marketing, and distribution to the extent that such sales, marketing and distribution are not the responsibility of potential collaborators. Further, we

have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, costs associated with operating as a public company. The timing and amount of our operating expenditures will depend largely on the factors set out above. For more information, refer to the section titled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and the “Risk Factors” section of subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.

We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents, and investments will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the third quarter of 2025. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could exhaust our available capital resources sooner than we expect. We expect that we will require additional funding to:

If we receive regulatory approval for any of our product candidates, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution, depending on where we choose to commercialize ourselves.

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of private and public equity offerings, debt financings, additional collaborations, strategic alliances, and marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements with third parties. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, ownership interest may be materially diluted, and the terms of such securities could include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a common stockholder. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include restrictive covenants that limit our ability to take specified actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise funds through collaborations, strategic alliances or marketing, or distribution or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, any future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings or other arrangements when needed, we may be required to delay, reduce or eliminate our product development or future commercialization efforts, or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

We enter into contracts in the normal course of business with contract organizations and other vendors to assist in the performance of our research and development activities, and other services and products for operating purposes. These contracts generally provide for termination on notice, and therefore are cancellable contracts and not included in the table of contractual obligations and commitments.

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities recorded revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 permits an “emerging growth company” such as us to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected not to “opt out” of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we will adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard and will do so until such time that we either (i) irrevocably elect to “opt out” of such extended transition period or (ii) no longer qualify as an emerging growth company. As a result of this election, our condensed consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to other public companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates. We may choose to early adopt any new or revised accounting standards whenever such early adoption is permitted for private companies.

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates of our investment portfolio of cash equivalents and investments. As of March 31, 2024, we held cash, cash equivalents, investments, and restricted cash of $224.2 million, which consisted of cash, money market funds, equity securities, and U.S. Treasuries. Our primary exposure to market risk is interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. The fair value of our cash equivalents, consisted of our money market funds, and U.S. Treasuries are subject to change as a result of potential changes in market interest rates. Due to the short-term maturities of our cash equivalents and U.S. Treasuries and the low risk profile of our investments, an immediate 10 percent change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair market value of our cash equivalents or U.S. Treasuries.

Inflation generally affects us by increasing our cost of labor and research and development costs. Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, we may

experience some effect in the near future (especially if inflation rates continue to rise) due to an impact on the costs to conduct research and development, labor costs we incur to attract and retain qualified personnel, and other operational costs. Inflationary costs could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act) designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive officer (our Chief Executive Officer) and principal financial officer (our Chief Financial Officer), to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Our disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

From time to time, we may become involved in litigation or other legal proceedings. While the outcome of any such proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, as of March 31, 2024 we were not a party to any litigation or legal proceedings that, in the opinion of our management, are probable to have a material adverse effect on our business.

None.

In February 2024, we issued and sold 22,560,001 shares of our common stock, including 3,360,000 shares pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, at a price to the public of $6.25 per share. Further, in lieu of common stock to certain investors, we sold pre-funded warrants to purchase 3,200,005 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $6.24999 per pre-funded warrant, which represents the per share public offering price of each share of common stock less the $0.00001 per share exercise price for each pre-funded warrant. As a result of the offering, we received approximately $150.9 million in net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and estimated offering costs of $10.1 million.

None.

Not Applicable.

None.

None.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.