Ming Shing (MSW) 424B3Prospectus supplement

Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)

Registration No. 333-281817

Ming Shing Group Holdings Limited

500,000 Ordinary Shares

This prospectus relates to 500,000 Ordinary Shares (“Ordinary Shares”) of Ming Shing Group Holdings Limited (the “Company”), that may be sold from time to time by the selling shareholder (“Selling Shareholder”) named in this prospectus.

We will not receive any proceeds from the sales of outstanding Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholder.

The Ordinary Shares have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market tier operated by the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq, under the ticker symbol “MSW.”

Investors are cautioned that they are not buying shares of the operating company based in Hong Kong but instead are buying shares of a holding company that the issuer incorporated in the Cayman Islands that operates through its subsidiaries in Hong Kong, which involves unique risks to investors.

Unless otherwise stated, as used in this prospectus, the terms “we,” “us,” “our Company,” and the “Company” refer to Ming Shing Group Holdings Limited, an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of Cayman Islands with no material operations. We conduct all of our operations through our two subsidiaries, MS (HK) Engineering Limited and MS Engineering Co., Limited, established under the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“Hong Kong SAR” or “Hong Kong”).

We are, and will continue to be, a “controlled company” as defined under Rule 5615(c)(1) of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. Mr. Chi Ming Lam, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, will beneficially own approximately 84.31% of our then-issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares and will be able to exercise approximately 84.31% of the total voting power of our issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares immediately after the consummation of the primary offering (the “initial public offering”), assuming the underwriters of the initial public offering does not exercise their option to purchase additional Ordinary Shares and assuming Mr. Lam immediately disposes all of the 500,000 Ordinary Shares pursuant to the Resale Prospectus. For further information, see “Principal Shareholders.” Although we do not intend to rely on the “controlled company” exemption under Rule 5615(c)(1) of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules, we could elect to rely on this exemption in the future. Please read the disclosures beginning on page 11 of this prospectus for more information.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Act of 2012, as amended, and, as such, are eligible for reduced public company reporting requirements. Investing in our ordinary shares involves risks. Please see “Risk Factors” beginning on page 15 of this prospectus for more information.

We are a “Foreign Private Issuer” under applicable U.S. federal securities laws and, as such, are eligible for reduced public company reporting requirements. Please see “Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer” beginning on page 10 of this prospectus for more information.

The Selling Shareholder may offer and sell the Ordinary Shares being offered by this prospectus from time to time in public or private transactions, or both. These sales will occur at fixed prices, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices, or at negotiated prices. The Selling Shareholder may sell shares to or through underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, who may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the Selling Shareholder, the purchasers of the Ordinary Shares, or both. Any participating broker-dealers and any Selling Shareholder who is an affiliate of broker-dealers may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any commissions or discounts given to any such broker-dealer or affiliates of a broker-dealer may be regarded as underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Selling Shareholder has informed us that they do not have any agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute their Ordinary Shares. See “Plan of Distribution” for a more complete description of the ways in which the Ordinary Shares may be sold.

The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, require an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of domestic companies in mainland China and controlled by companies or individuals of mainland China to obtain the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”), prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. In addition, on December 24, 2021, the CSRC released the Administrative Regulations of the State Council Concerning the Oversea Issuance of Security and Listing by Domestic Enterprise (Draft for Comments) (the “Draft Administrative Regulations”) and the Measures for the Overseas Issuance of Securities and Listing Record-Filings by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments) (the “Draft Filing Measures”), collectively the “Draft Rules on Overseas Listing”, for public opinion.

On February 17, 2023, with the approval of the State Council, the CSRC released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures, and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Trial Measures, (1) domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, should fulfill the filing procedure and report relevant information to the CSRC; (2) if the issuer meets both of the following conditions, the overseas offering and listing shall be determined as an indirect overseas offering and listing by a domestic company: (i) any of the total assets, net assets, revenues or profits of the domestic operating entities of the issuer in the most recent accounting year accounts for more than 50% of the corresponding figure in the issuer’s audited consolidated financial statements for the same period; (ii) its major operational activities are carried out in China or its main places of business are located in China, or the senior managers in charge of operation and management of the issuer are mostly Chinese citizens or are domiciled in China; and (3) where a domestic company seeks to indirectly offer and list securities in an overseas market, the issuer shall designate a major domestic operating entity responsible for all filing procedures with the CSRC, and where an issuer makes an application for initial public offering and listing in an overseas market, the issuer shall submit filings with the CSRC within three business days after such application is submitted. On the same day, the CSRC held a press conference for the release of the Trial Measures and issued the Notice on Administration for the Filing of Overseas Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, which, among others, clarifies that (1) a six-month transition period will be granted to domestic companies which, prior to the effective date of the Trial Measures, have already obtained the approval from overseas regulatory authorities or stock exchanges, such as completion of registration in the market of the United States, but have not completed the indirect overseas listing; and (2) domestic companies that have already submitted valid applications for overseas offering and listing but have not obtained approval from overseas regulatory authorities or stock exchanges on or prior to the effective date of the Trial Measures, may reasonably arrange the timing for submitting their filing applications with the CSRC, and shall complete the filing before the completion of their overseas offering and listing.

On February 24, 2023, the CSRC, Ministry of Finance of the PRC, National Administration of State Secrets Protection and National Archives Administration of China jointly issued the Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration in Respect of Overseas Issuance and Listing of Securities by Domestic Enterprises or the Confidentiality Provisions, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. The Confidentiality Provisions require that, among other things, (1) a domestic company that conducts overseas offering and listing both directly and indirectly should institute a sound confidentiality and archives administration system, and take necessary measures to fulfill confidentiality and archives administration obligations；(2) a domestic company that plans to, either directly or through its overseas listed entity, publicly disclose or provide to relevant individuals or entities including securities companies, securities service providers and overseas regulators, any documents and materials that contain state secrets or working secrets of government agencies, shall first obtain approval from competent authorities according to law, and file with the secrecy administrative department at the same level; (3) a domestic company that plans to, either directly or through its overseas listed entity, publicly disclose or provide to relevant individuals and entities including securities companies, securities service providers and overseas regulators, any other documents and materials that, if leaked, will be detrimental to national security or public interest, shall strictly fulfil relevant procedures stipulated by applicable national regulations; (4) where a domestic company, after fulfilling relevant procedures, provides to securities companies, securities service providers and other entities with any documents and materials that contain state secrets or working secrets of government agencies, or any other documents and materials that will be detrimental to national security or public interest if leaked, a non-disclosure agreement shall be signed between the provider and receiver of such information; and (5) domestic companies, securities companies or securities service providers that discover any leakage or possible leakage of state secrets, working secrets of government agencies or any other documents and materials that, if leaked, will be detrimental to national security or public interest, shall immediately take remedies and report to relevant state organs and units.

Ming Shing Group Holdings Limited is a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands with two operating subsidiaries solely based in Hong Kong, and it does not have any subsidiary or Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) in the mainland China or intend to acquire any equity interest in any domestic companies within mainland China, nor is it controlled by any companies or individuals of mainland China. Further, we are headquartered in Hong Kong with our chief executive officer, chief financial officer and all members of the board of directors based in Hong Kong who are not mainland China citizens and all of our revenues and profits are generated by our subsidiaries in Hong Kong and we have not generated any revenues or profits in mainland China. Additionally, we do not intend to operate in mainland China in the foreseeable future. As such, we do not believe we would be subject to the M&A Rules, or would be required to file with the CSRC under the Trial Measures or the Confidentiality Provisions. Moreover, pursuant to the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, or the Basic Law, PRC laws and regulations shall not be applied in Hong Kong except for those listed in Annex III of the Basic Law (which is confined to laws relating to national defense, foreign affairs and other matters that are not within the scope of autonomy). Therefore, as confirmed by our PRC Counsel, China Commercial Law Firm, as of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor our subsidiaries is covered by permission requirements from CSRC or any other governmental agency of mainland China that is required to approve our subsidiaries’ operations or our offering. Additionally, neither we nor our subsidiaries are required to obtain CSRC approval prior to its listing on an exchange in the U.S. Hence, as of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor our Operating Subsidiaries has ever applied for any such permission or approval. Notwithstanding the above opinion, our PRC Counsel has further advised us that uncertainties exist as to how the M&A Rules, the Trial Measures and the Confidentiality Provisions will be interpreted and implemented by Chinese regulators and its opinions summarized above are subject to any new laws, rules, and regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations in any form relating to the M&A Rules, the Trial Measures and the Confidentiality Provisions. If the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies subsequently determine that prior CSRC approvals are required for our offering, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. Moreover, if there is significant change to the applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change, that require us to obtain approvals from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies on, among others, the M&A Rules, the Trial Measures and the Confidentiality Provisions at any stage, including but not limited, upon the completion of this Offering, in the future, and, if in such event, we or our Hong Kong subsidiaries (i) do not receive or maintain the approval, (ii) inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required, (iii) are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future if applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change, or (iv) are denied permission from the CSRC or any other PRC regulatory agencies, we will not be able to list our Ordinary Shares on a U.S. exchange, or continue to offer securities to investors, which would materially affect the interests of investors and cause the value of Ordinary Shares to significantly decline or be worthless.

Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in certain areas in mainland China, including a cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over mainland China-based companies listed overseas using the variable interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. For example, on July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued a document to crack down on illegal activities in the securities market and promote the high-quality development of the capital market, which, among other things, requires the relevant governmental authorities to strengthen cross-border oversight of law-enforcement and judicial cooperation, to enhance supervision over mainland China-based companies listed overseas, and to establish and improve the system of extraterritorial application of the mainland China securities laws. Also, on December 28, 2021, the Cybersecurity Review Measures (the “Measures”) were published and became effective on February 15, 2022, and require that, among other things, and in addition to any “operator of critical information infrastructure”, any “data processor” controlling personal information of no less than one million users (which to be further specified) which seeks to list in a foreign stock exchange should also be subject to cybersecurity review, and which the Measures further elaborate on the factors to be considered when assessing the national security risks of the relevant activities. Our Hong Kong Operating Subsidiaries currently have only served the Hong Kong local market and does not presently have any operations in mainland China. We do not currently expect the Measures to have an impact on our business, operations or this Offering, nor do we anticipate that we or our Hong Kong subsidiaries are covered by permission requirements from the Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC”) that is required to approve our subsidiaries’ operations, as we do not believe that we may be deemed to be an “operator of critical information infrastructure” or a “data processor” controlling personal information of no less than one million users, that are required to file for cybersecurity review before listing in the U.S., because (i) all of our operations are conducted by our Hong Kong Operating Subsidiaries which currently solely serve the Hong Kong local market, we currently have no operations in mainland China; (ii) we do not have or intend to have any subsidiary, nor do we have or intend to establish a VIE structure with any entity in mainland China and the Measures remain unclear whether they shall be applied to a company such as ours; (iii) as of date of this prospectus, we have neither collected nor stored any personal information of any mainland China individual or within mainland China, nor do we entrust or expect to be entrusted by any individual or entity to conduct any data processing activities of any mainland China individual or within mainland China; and (iv) as of the date of this prospectus, we have not been informed by any PRC governmental authority of any requirement that we must file for a cybersecurity review. Moreover, pursuant to the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, or the Basic Law, PRC laws and regulations shall not be applied in Hong Kong except for those listed in Annex III of the Basic Law (which is confined to laws relating to national defense, foreign affairs and other matters that are not within the scope of autonomy). As confirmed by our PRC counsel, China Commercial Law Firm, based on their understanding of the PRC laws and regulations that are currently in effect, neither we nor our Hong Kong Operating Subsidiaries, are currently subject to the cybersecurity review by the CAC as provided under the Measures. Additionally, neither we nor our subsidiaries are covered by permission requirements from the CAC or any other governmental agency that is required to approve our subsidiaries’ operations. However, there remains uncertainty as to how the Measures will be interpreted or implemented. Also, significant uncertainty exists in relation to the interpretation and enforcement of relevant PRC cybersecurity laws and regulations. If we were deemed to be an “operator of critical information infrastructure” or a “data processor” controlling personal information of no less than one million users under the Measures, or if other regulations promulgated in relation to the Measures are deemed to apply to us, our business operations and the listing of our Ordinary Shares in the U.S. could be subject to cybersecurity review by the CAC in the future. Moreover, if there is significant change to the applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change, that require our Company to obtain approval from the CAC or any other governmental agency in the future, and, if in such event, at any stage, including but not limited to, upon the completion of this Offering, we or our Hong Kong Operating Subsidiaries (i) do not receive or maintain the approval,(ii) inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required, or (iii) are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future if applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change, or (iv)are denied permission from the CAC or any other PRC regulatory agencies, we will not be able to list our Ordinary Shares on a U.S. exchange, or continue to offer securities to investors, which would materially affect the interests of investors and cause the value of Ordinary Shares to significantly decline or be worthless.

Nevertheless, since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is highly uncertain how soon the legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any. It is also highly uncertain what the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our Operating Subsidiaries’ daily business operation, its ability to accept foreign investments and the listing of our Ordinary Shares on a U.S. or other foreign exchanges.

If there is significant change to the applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change, that require our Company to obtain approval from the CAC or any other governmental agency in the future, and, if in such event, we or our Hong Kong subsidiaries at any stage, including but not limited to, upon the completion of this Offering, (i) do not receive or maintain the approval, (ii) inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required, (iii) are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future if applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change, or (iv) are denied permission from the CSRC, the CAC or any other relevant PRC regulatory agencies, the relevant regulatory authorities, such as the CAC or the CSRC, might have broad discretion in dealing with such violations, including: imposing fines on us or the Hong Kong subsidiaries, discontinuing or restricting the operations of the subsidiaries; imposing conditions or requirements with which we or our Operating Subsidiaries may not be able to comply; restricting or prohibiting our use of the proceeds from our initial public offering to finance the business and operations in Hong Kong. The imposition of any of these penalties would also result in a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct business, and on our operations and financial condition. If any or all of the foregoing were to occur, it may significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to complete this Offering or cause the value of our Ordinary Shares to significantly decline or become worthless. Moreover, we might not be able to complete this Offering, list our Ordinary Shares on a U.S. exchange, or continue to offer securities to investors, which would also materially affect the interests of investors and cause the value of Ordinary Shares to significantly decline or be worthless. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure — Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in certain areas in mainland China, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over mainland China-based companies listed overseas using the variable interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. In the future, we may be subject to PRC laws and regulations related to the current business operations of our operating subsidiaries and any changes in such laws and regulations and interpretations may impair our ability to operate profitably, which could result in a material negative impact on our operations and/or the value of our Ordinary Shares” on page 15. We are advised by Hong Kong counsel, David Fong & Co., that neither we nor our Operating Subsidiaries are required to obtain permission or approval from Hong Kong authorities to offer the securities being registered to foreign investors. Should there be any change in applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations, and we or any of our subsidiaries are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future, we will strive to comply with the then applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations.

On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted final amendments to its rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, which took effect on January 10, 2022. We will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies us as having a “non-inspection” year, as defined in the rules, under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. The SEC is assessing how to implement other requirements of the HFCAA. Under the HFCAA, our securities may be prohibited from trading on the Nasdaq or other U.S. stock exchanges if our auditor is not inspected by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, for three consecutive years, and this ultimately could result in our shares being delisted. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which was signed into law on December 29, 2022, amending the HFCAA and requiring the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three consecutive years, shortening the timeline for the application of the HPCAA’s delisting and trading prohibition from three years to two, and thus, would reduce the time before securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted. On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the HFCAA, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the HFCAA, whether the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction.

Pursuant to the HFCAA, the PCAOB issued a determination report on December 16, 2021 which found that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in: (1) mainland China of the People’s Republic of China; and (2) Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region of the PRC, which determinations were vacated on December 15, 2022. In addition, the PCAOB’s report identified the specific registered public accounting firms which were subject to these determinations, which determinations were vacated on December 15, 2022. Our current registered public accounting firm, ZH CPA, LLC, who audited our financial statements for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, is headquartered in Denver, Colorado in the United States and is not headquartered in mainland China or Hong Kong and was not identified in the PCAOB’s report on December 16, 2021 as a firm subject to the PCAOB’s determinations, which determinations were vacated on December 15, 2022. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the PCAOB is not able to fully conduct inspections of our auditor’s work papers in China, investors may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection which could result in limitation or restriction of our access to the U.S. capital markets and trading of our securities may be prohibited under the HFCAA. In addition, on August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol, or SOP, Agreement with the CSRC and China’s Ministry of Finance. The SOP, together with two protocol agreements governing inspections and investigation, establishes a specific, accountable framework to make possible complete inspections and investigations by the PCAOB of audit firms based in China and Hong Kong, as required under U.S. law. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong completely in 2022. The PCAOB vacated its previous 2021 determinations that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. However, whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainty and depends on a number of factors out of our, and our auditor’s, control. The PCAOB is continuing to demand complete access in mainland China and Hong Kong moving forward and is already making plans to resume regular inspections in early 2023 and beyond, as well as continuing to pursue ongoing investigations and initiate new investigations as needed. The PCAOB has indicated that it will act immediately to consider the need to issue new determinations with the HFCAA if needed. If the PCAOB in the future again determines that it is unable to inspect and investigate completely auditors in mainland China and Hong Kong, then the companies audited by those auditors would be subject to a trading prohibition on U.S. markets pursuant to the HFCAA. See “Risk Factors — The recent joint statement by the SEC and PCAOB, proposed rule changes submitted by Nasdaq, and the HFCAA all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies upon assessing the qualification of their auditors, especially the non-U.S. auditors who are not inspected by the PCAOB. These developments could add uncertainties to our Offering.”

We do not use variable interest entities in our corporate structure. We, through our indirectly wholly-owned Operating Subsidiaries, MS (HK) Engineering Limited and MS Engineering Co., Limited, engaged in wet trades works services in Hong Kong.

As of the current date, none of our companies have distributed any cash dividends or made any cash distributions. There are no restrictions for the transfer or distribution of cash between the companies. During the normal courses of our business, cash may be transferred between our companies via wire transfer to and from bank accounts to pay certain business expenses, as loans or capital contribution. Since Ming Shing Group Holdings Limited was recently incorporated, there has not been, to date, any transfers, dividends, or distributions between the holding company, Ming Shing Group Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries or to its investors. MS (HK) Construction Engineering Limited and our Operating Subsidiaries are permitted under the relevant laws of British Virgin Islands and Hong Kong, respectively, to provide funding through dividend distribution without restrictions on the amount of the funds. There are no restrictions on dividends transfers from Hong Kong to the Cayman Islands and to U.S. investors.

However, in the future, funds may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of Hong Kong, due to the imposition of restrictions and limitations on, our ability or on our subsidiaries’ ability by the PRC government to transfer cash. Any limitation on the ability of our subsidiary to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business and might materially decrease the value of our Ordinary Shares or cause them to be worthless.

Please refer to “Prospectus Summary – Transfers of Cash to and from Our Subsidiaries” and the condensed consolidating schedule and the consolidated financial statements on page 7 for further information.

Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is November 21, 2024.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

We and the underwriters have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus or in any free-writing prospectuses prepared by us or on our behalf or to which we have referred you. We and the underwriters take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, the Ordinary Shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted and lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the ordinary shares. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

For investors outside the United States: Neither we, nor the underwriters have taken any action that would permit a public offering of the Ordinary Shares outside the United States or permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the Ordinary Shares and the distribution of the prospectus outside the United States.

We obtained the statistical data, market data and other industry data and forecasts described in this prospectus from market research, publicly available information and industry publications, including from Frost & Sullivan, an independent market research and consulting firm with respect to information on the construction industry in Hong Kong. While we believe that the statistical data, industry data and forecasts and market research are reliable, we have not independently verified the data.

We were incorporated as an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act and a majority of our outstanding securities are owned by non-U.S. residents. Under the rules of the SEC, we currently qualify for treatment as a “foreign private issuer.” As a foreign private issuer, we will not be required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. domestic registrants whose securities are registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”).

COMMONLY USED DEFINED TERMS

Unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise, references in this prospectus to:

Our business is conducted by our indirectly wholly-owned Operating Subsidiaries in Hong Kong, using H.K. dollars, the currency of Hong Kong. Our audited consolidated financial statements and unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. In this prospectus, we refer to assets, obligations, commitments, and liabilities in our audited consolidated financial statements and unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in U.S. dollars. These dollar references are based on the exchange rate of H.K. dollars to U.S. dollars, determined as of a specific date or for a specific period. Changes in the exchange rate will affect the amount of our obligations and the value of our assets in terms of U.S. dollars which may result in an increase or decrease in the amount of our obligations (expressed in dollars) and the value of our assets, including accounts receivable (expressed in dollars).

EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION

The Company is a holding company with operations conducted in Hong Kong through its key operating Subsidiaries in Hong Kong, and their reporting currency is United States dollars while the Company’s functional currency is Hong Kong dollars. Translations of amounts from HK$ into US$ are solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the pegged rate of US$1 = HK$ 7.8, being the mid-point of the convertibility zone of US$1 = HK$7.75 to 7.85. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority provides convertibility undertaking, under which the authority commits to sell Hong Kong dollars upon request by banks at the strong-side of US$1 = HK$7.75 and to buy Hong Kong dollars upon request by banks at the weak side of US$1 = HK$7.85, as to maintain currency stability of the Hong Kong dollar at around US$1 = HK$7.80. No representation is made that the HK$ amount represents or could have been, or could be converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate, or at any other rate.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements related to future events, business strategy, future performance, future operations, backlog, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management. All statements other than statements of historical fact may be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are often, but not always, identified by the use of words such as “aim”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “expect”, “going forward”, “intend”, “may”, “plan”, “potential”, “predict”, “propose”, “seek”, “should”, “will”, “would” and similar expressions or their negative. Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s belief, based on currently available information, as to the outcome and timing of future events. These statements involve estimates, assumptions, known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements. When evaluating forward-looking statements, you should consider the risk factors and other cautionary statements described in the section titled “Risk Factors.” We believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are reasonable, but no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements should not be unduly relied upon.

Important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

These factors are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements. Other unknown or unpredictable factors could also cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Our future results will depend upon various other risks and uncertainties, including those described in the section titled “Risk Factors.” All forward-looking statements attributable to us are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date on which any such statement is made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

THE OFFERING

SUMMARY FINANCIAL DATA

The following summary presents consolidated statements of operations and cash flow data for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 and the summary consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, which have been derived from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. You should read this section in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes and the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the current corporate structure has been in existence throughout the periods presented.

Results of Operations Data:

Balance Sheet Data:

Statements of Cash Flows Data:

RISK FACTORS

Investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below together with all of the other information included in this prospectus before making an investment decision. The risks and uncertainties described below represent our known material risks to our business. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could suffer. In that case, you may lose all or part of your investment. You should not invest in this offering unless you can afford to lose your entire investment.

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure

We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by the Operating Subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of the Operating Subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. In the future, funds may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of Hong Kong, due to the imposition of restrictions and limitations on, our ability or our subsidiary by the PRC government to transfer cash.

Ming Shing Group Holdings Limited is a holding company, and we rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by the Operating Subsidiaries for our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders and service any debt we may incur. We do not expect to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We anticipate that we will retain any earnings to support operations and to finance the growth and development of our business. If any of the Operating Subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. Please refer to the section titled “Dividend Policy” for more information.

According to the BVI Business Companies Act 2004 (as amended), a British Virgin Islands company may make dividends distribution to the extent that immediately after the distribution, such company’s liabilities do not exceed its assets and that such company is able to pay its debts as they fall due. According to the Companies Ordinance of Hong Kong, a Hong Kong company may only make a distribution out of profits available for distribution. Under the current practice of the Inland Revenue Department of Hong Kong, no tax is payable in Hong Kong in respect of dividends paid by us. Any limitation on the ability of our Hong Kong subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

Under the current practice of the Inland Revenue Department of Hong Kong, no tax is payable in Hong Kong in respect of dividends paid by us. See “Taxation —Hong Kong taxation.” The PRC laws and regulations do not currently have any material impact on transfers of cash from Ming Shing Group Holdings Limited to our Operating Subsidiaries or our Operating Subsidiaries to Ming Shing Group Holdings Limited, our shareholders and U.S. investors. However, the Chinese government may, in the future, impose restrictions or limitations on our ability to transfer money out of Hong Kong, to distribute earnings and pay dividends to and from the other entities within our organization, or to reinvest in our business outside of Hong Kong. Such restrictions and limitations, if imposed in the future, may delay or hinder the expansion of our business to outside of Hong Kong and may affect our ability to receive funds from our operating subsidiary in Hong Kong. The promulgation of new laws or regulations, or the new interpretation of existing laws and regulations, in each case, that restrict or otherwise unfavorably impact the ability or way we conduct our business, could require us to change certain aspects of our business to ensure compliance, which could decrease demand for our services, reduce revenues, increase costs, require us to obtain more licenses, permits, approvals or certificates, or subject us to additional liabilities. To the extent any new or more stringent measures are required to be implemented, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected and such measured could materially decrease the value of our Ordinary Shares, potentially rendering them worthless.

Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in certain areas in mainland China, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over mainland China-based companies listed overseas using the variable interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. In the future, we may be subject to PRC laws and regulations related to the current business operations of our operating subsidiaries and any changes in such laws and regulations and interpretations may impair our ability to operate profitably, which could result in a material negative impact on our operations and/or the value of our Ordinary Shares.

Although we have direct ownership of our operating entities in Hong Kong and currently do not have or intend to have any subsidiary or any contractual arrangement to establish a VIE structure with any entity in mainland China, we are still subject to certain legal and operational risks associated with our Operating Subsidiaries, being based in Hong Kong and having all of its operations to date in Hong Kong. Additionally, the legal and operational risks associated in mainland China may also apply to operations in Hong Kong, and we face the risks and uncertainties associated with the complex and evolving PRC laws and regulations and as to whether and how the recent PRC government statements and regulatory developments, such as those relating to data and cyberspace security and anti-monopoly concerns, would be applicable to a company such as our Operating Subsidiaries and Ming Shing Group Holdings Limited, given the substantial operations of our Operating Subsidiaries in Hong Kong and the Chinese government may exercise significant oversight over the conduct of business in Hong Kong. In the event that we or our Operating Subsidiaries were to become subject to PRC laws and regulations, we could incur material costs to ensure compliance, and we or our Operating Subsidiaries might be subject to fines, experienced evaluation of securities or delisting, no longer be permitted to conduct offerings to foreign investors, and/or no longer be permitted to continue business operations as presently conducted. Our organizational structure involves risks to the investors, and Chinese regulatory authorities could disallow this structure, which would likely result in a material change in our Operating Subsidiaries’ operations and/or a material change in the value of our Ordinary Shares, including the risk that such event could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. Moreover, there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations including, but not limited to, the laws and regulations related to our business and the enforcement and performance of our arrangements with customers in certain circumstances. The laws and regulations may be subject to future changes, and their official interpretation and enforcement may involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness and interpretation of newly enacted laws or regulations, including amendments to existing laws and regulations, may be delayed, and our business may be affected if we rely on laws and regulations which are subsequently adopted or interpreted in a manner different from our understanding of these laws and regulations. We cannot predict what effect the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations may have on our business.

We may become subject to a variety of PRC laws and other obligations regarding M&A Rules, the Trial Measures and data security, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, requires an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of domestic companies in mainland China and controlled by companies or individuals of mainland China to obtain the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. In addition, on December 24, 2021, the CSRC released the Administrative Regulations of the State Council Concerning the Oversea Issuance of Security and Listing by Domestic Enterprise (Draft for Comments) (the “Draft Administrative Regulations”) and the Measures for the Overseas Issuance of Securities and Listing Record-Filings by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments) (the “Draft Filing Measures”), collectively the “Draft Rules on Overseas Listing”, for public opinion.

Ming Shing Group Holdings Limited is a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands with operating entities based in Hong Kong, as of the date of this prospectus, we have no subsidiary, VIE structure or any direct operations in mainland China, nor do we intend to have any subsidiary or VIE structure or to acquire any equity interests in any domestic companies in mainland China, and we are not controlled by any companies or individuals of mainland China. Further, we are headquartered in Hong Kong, with our chief executive officer, chief financial officer and all members of the board of directors of Ming Shing Group Holdings Limited are based in Hong Kong are not mainland China citizens and all of our revenues and profits are generated by our subsidiaries in Hong Kong and we have not generated any revenues or profits in mainland China. Additionally, we do not intend to operate in mainland China in the foreseeable future. As such, we do not believe we would be subject to the M&A Rules, or would be required to file with the CSRC under the Trial Measures. Moreover, pursuant to the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, or the Basic Law, PRC laws and regulations shall not be applied in Hong Kong except for those listed in Annex III of the Basic Law (which is confined to laws relating to national defense, foreign affairs and other matters that are not within the scope of autonomy).Therefore, as confirmed by our PRC counsel, Chinese Commercial Law Firm, as of the date of this prospectus, the CSRC’s approval or review is not required for the listing and trading of our Ordinary Shares in the U.S. exchange as provided under the M&A Rules and the Trial Measures.

We are aware that, recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in certain areas in mainland China, including a cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over mainland China-based companies listed overseas using the variable interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. For example, on July 6, 2021,the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued a document to crack down on illegal activities in the securities market and promote the high-quality development of the capital market, which, among other things, requires the relevant governmental authorities to strengthen cross-border oversight of law-enforcement and judicial cooperation, to enhance supervision over mainland China-based companies listed overseas, and to establish and improve the system of extraterritorial application of the PRC securities laws.

In addition, on December 28, 2021, the Measures were published and became effective on February 15, 2022, and require that, among other things, and in addition to any “operator of critical information infrastructure”, any “data processor” controlling personal information of no less than one million users which seeks to list in a foreign stock exchange should also be subject to cybersecurity review, and which further elaborate on the factors to be considered when assessing the national security risks of the relevant activities. The publication of the Measures indicates greater oversight by the CAC over data security, which may impact our business and this Offering in the future. As of the date of this prospectus, our Hong Kong Operating Subsidiaries do not have any mainland China individuals as clients. However, our Operating Subsidiaries may collect and store certain data (including certain personal information) from its customers for “Know Your Customers” purposes, which may include mainland China individuals in the future. As of the date of this prospectus, as confirmed by our PRC counsel, China Commercial Law Firm, we do not expect the Measures to have an impact on our business, operations or this Offering to subject us or our Hong Kong Operating Subsidiaries to permission requirements from the CAC or any other government agency that is required to approve our subsidiaries’ operations, as we do not believe that we will be deemed to be an “operator of critical information infrastructure” or a “data processor” controlling personal information of no less than one million users, that are required to file for cybersecurity review before listing in the U.S., because (i) all of our subsidiaries’ operations are conducted by our Hong Kong subsidiaries which currently solely serve the Hong Kong local market, we currently have no operations in mainland China; (ii) we do not have or intend to have any subsidiary nor do we have or intend to establish a VIE structure with any entity in mainland China and the Measures remain unclear whether they shall be applied to a company like us; (iii) as of date of this prospectus, we have neither collected nor stored any personal information of any mainland China individual or within mainland China, nor do we entrust or expect to be entrusted by any individual or entity to conduct any data processing activities of any mainland China individual or within mainland China; (iv) as of the date of this prospectus, we have not been informed by any PRC governmental authority of any requirement that we must file for a cybersecurity review; and (v) pursuant to the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, or the Basic Law, PRC laws and regulations shall not be applied in Hong Kong except for those listed in Annex III of the Basic Law (which is confined to laws relating to national defense, foreign affairs and other matters that are not within the scope of autonomy). However, there remains significant uncertainty in the interpretation and enforcement of relevant PRC cybersecurity laws and regulations. If we were deemed to be an “operator of critical information infrastructure” or a “data processor” controlling personal information of no less than one million users, or if other regulations promulgated in relation to the Measures are deemed to apply to us, our subsidiaries’ business operations and the listing of our Ordinary Shares in the U.S. could be subject to CAC’s cybersecurity review or we and our subsidiaries might be covered by permission from the CAC or any other government agency that is required to approve our subsidiaries’ operations in the future. Nevertheless, since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is highly uncertain how soon the legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any. It also remains highly uncertain what the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our subsidiaries’ daily business operations, its ability to accept foreign investments and the listing of our Ordinary Shares on a U.S. or other foreign exchanges. If any or all of the foregoing were to occur, it may significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to complete this Offering or cause the value of our Ordinary Shares to significantly decline or become worthless.

On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures, and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. Pursuant to the Trial Measures, domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, should fulfill the filing procedure and report relevant information to the CSRC. However, since the Trial Measures was newly promulgated, its interpretation, application and enforcement remain unclear. If the filing procedure with the CSRC under the Trial Measures is required for this offering and any future offerings, listing or any other capital raising activities by us, it is uncertain whether we could complete the filing procedure in a timely manner, or at all. Any failure to complete such filings may subject us to regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines and penalties on our operations in China, limit our ability to pay dividends outside of China, limit our operating privileges in China, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from offering of securities overseas into China or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, as well as the trading price of our Ordinary Shares.

On February 24, 2023, the CSRC, Ministry of Finance of the PRC, National Administration of State Secrets Protection and National Archives Administration of China jointly issued the Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration in Respect of Overseas Issuance and Listing of Securities by Domestic Enterprises or the Confidentiality Provisions, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. The Confidentiality Provisions require that, among other things, (1) a domestic company that conduct overseas offering and listing both directly and indirectly should institute a sound confidentiality and archives administration system, and take necessary measures to fulfill confidentiality and archives administration obligations；(2) a domestic company that plans to, either directly or through its overseas listed entity, publicly disclose or provide to relevant individuals or entities including securities companies, securities service providers and overseas regulators, any documents and materials that contain state secrets or working secrets of government agencies, shall first obtain approval from competent authorities according to law, and file with the secrecy administrative department at the same level; (3) a domestic company that plans to, either directly or through its overseas listed entity, publicly disclose or provide to relevant individuals and entities including securities companies, securities service providers and overseas regulators, any other documents and materials that, if leaked, will be detrimental to national security or public interest, shall strictly fulfil relevant procedures stipulated by applicable national regulations; (4) where a domestic company, after fulfilling relevant procedures, provides to securities companies, securities service providers and other entities with any documents and materials that contain state secrets or working secrets of government agencies, or any other documents and materials that will be detrimental to national security or public interest if leaked, a non-disclosure agreement shall be signed between the provider and receiver of such information; and (5) domestic companies, securities companies or securities service providers that discover any leakage or possible leakage of state secrets, working secrets of government agencies or any other documents and materials that, if leaked, will be detrimental to national security or public interest, shall immediately take remedies and report to relevant state organs and units.

As of the date of this prospectus, we are advised by Hong Kong counsel, David Fong & Co., that we are not required to obtain permission or approval from Hong Kong authorities to offer the securities being registered to foreign investors. Should there be any change in applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations, and we or any of our subsidiaries are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future, we will strive to comply with the then applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations.

As confirmed by our PRC Counsel, China Commercial Law Firm, based on their understanding of the PRC laws and regulations currently in effect, as of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor our Operating Subsidiaries, is subject to the M&A Rules, the Trial Measures, the Confidentiality Provisions, the Measures or the regulations or policies that have been issued by the CSRC or the CAC as of the date of this prospectus, nor are we currently covered by permission requirements from the CSRC, the CAC or any other PRC governmental agency that is required to approve our listing on the U.S. exchanges and offering securities. Hence, based on the foregoing, since we are not subject to the regulations or policies issued by the CAC to date, we believe that we are currently not required to be compliant with such regulations and policies issued by the CAC as of the date of this prospectus. Further, as of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor our Operating Subsidiaries has ever applied for any such permission or approval, as we currently are not subject to the M&A Rules or the regulations and policies issued by the CAC. Notwithstanding the above opinion, our PRC Counsel has further advised us that uncertainties exist as to how the M&A Rules and, the Trial Measures and the Confidentiality Provisions will be interpreted and implemented by Chinese regulators and its opinions summarized above are subject to any new laws, rules, and regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations in any form relating to the M&A Rules and, the Trial Measures and the Confidentiality Provisions. If the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies subsequently determine that prior CSRC approvals are required for our offering, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. Moreover, if there is significant change to the applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change, that require us to obtain approvals from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies on, among others, the M&A Rules, the Trial Measures and the Confidentiality Provisions at any stage, including but not limited, upon the completion of this Offering, in the future, and, if in such event, we or our Hong Kong subsidiaries (i) do not receive or maintain the approval, (ii) inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required, (iii) are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future if applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change, or (iv) are denied permission from the CSRC or any other PRC regulatory agencies, we will not be able to list our Ordinary Shares on a U.S. exchange, or continue to offer securities to investors, which would materially affect the interests of investors and cause the value of Ordinary Shares to significantly decline or be worthless.

Substantially all of our operating subsidiaries’ operations are conducted in Hong Kong. However, due to the long arm provisions under the current PRC laws and regulations, the Chinese government may exercise significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of such business and may influence such operations at any time, which could result in a material change in the operations of the operating subsidiary and/or the value of our Ordinary Shares. The PRC government may also impose restrictions on our ability to transfer money out of Hong Kong to distribute earnings and pay dividends or to reinvest in our business outside of Hong Kong. Changes in the policies, regulations, rules, and the enforcement of laws of the Chinese government may also occur quickly and our assertions and beliefs of the risk imposed by the PRC legal and regulatory system cannot be certain.

Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in certain areas in mainland China, including a cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over mainland China-based companies listed overseas using the variable interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. Given the recent statements by the Chinese government indicating an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in mainland China-based issuers, any such action could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. Additionally, any further control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment impacting our subsidiary in Hong Kong by the Hong Kong government could result in a material change in our operating subsidiaries’ operations, financial performance and/or the value of our Ordinary Shares or impair our ability to raise money.

If the Chinese government chooses to extend oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in mainland China-based issuers to Hong Kong-based issuers, such action may significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer Ordinary Shares to investors and cause the value of our Ordinary Shares to significantly decline or be worthless.

Recent statements, laws and regulations by the Chinese government, including the Cybersecurity Review Measures, the PRC Personal Information Protection Law and the Trial Measures have already indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investments in mainland China-based issuers. We could be subject to approval or review by Chinese regulatory authorities to pursue this offering. Any future action by the PRC government expanding the categories of industries and companies whose foreign securities offerings are subject to review by the CSRC could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Our performance depends on market conditions and trends in the wet trades works industry and if there is any slowdown (in terms of transaction volume and price) of the property market in Hong Kong, the availability of wet trades works projects in Hong Kong may decrease significantly.

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the majority of our revenue was derived from wet trades works in Hong Kong. The future development of the wet trades works industry and the availability of wet trades works projects in Hong Kong largely depend on the continued development of the property market in Hong Kong. The nature, extent and timing of available wet trades works projects will be determined by an interplay of a variety of factors, including the Government’s policies on the property market in Hong Kong, its land supply and public housing policy, the investment of property developers and the general conditions and prospects of Hong Kong’s economy. These factors may affect the availability of wet trades works projects in Hong Kong.

If there is any slowdown (in terms of transaction volume and price) of the property market in Hong Kong, there is no assurance that the availability of wet trades works projects in Hong Kong would not decrease significantly and our business and financial position and prospect may be adversely and materially affected.

Our revenue is mainly derived from projects which are non-recurrent in nature and there is no guarantee that our customers will provide us with new businesses.

Our revenue is typically derived from projects which are non-recurrent in nature and our customers are under no obligation to award projects to us. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we secured new businesses mainly through invitation for tender by customers. There is no assurance that we will be able to secure new contracts in the future. Accordingly, the number and scale of projects and the amount of revenue we are able to derive therefrom may vary significantly from period to period, and it may be difficult to forecast the volume of future business. In the event that we fail to secure new contracts or there is a significant decrease in the number of tender invitations or contracts available for bidding in the future, our business, financial position and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

Our cost of revenue has historically fluctuated. If we experience any significant increase in cost of revenue, our gross profit margin might decrease and our business operations and financial position might be materially and adversely affected.

Our revenue is typically derived from projects, with each contract sum being determined with reference to tender price that are formulated based on a certain mark-up over our estimated costs. Pricing of our services is determined on a case-by-case basis and is dependent on various factors, which generally include (i) the scope of services; (ii) the price trend for the types of subcontracting services as well as the materials and tools required; (iii) the complexity and the location of the project; (iv) the estimated quantity and type of equipment required; (v) the completion time requested by our customers; and (vi) the availability of human and financial resources. We will review the cost budget from time to time. If the actual cost is higher than originally budgeted, it may reduce our profit margin and affect our financial performance. If we fail to keep the costs within the initial budget, our business operation and financial results may be adversely affected.

The total actual value of work done may differ from the original estimated contract sum stated in our contracts with customers.

Our customers may request additional, reduction or alteration of works beyond the scope of the contract during project implementation by placing variation orders with us. The aggregate amount of revenue that we are able to derive from a project may be different from the original estimated contract sum specified in the relevant contract due to variation orders placed by our customers. As such, there is no assurance that the amount of fees and charges as finally agreed with our customers would be sufficient to recover our costs incurred or provide us with a reasonable profit margin or the amount of revenue derived from our projects will not be substantially different from the original estimated contract sum as specified in the relevant contracts and our financial condition may be adversely affected by any decrease in our revenue as a result of variation orders although the Company periodically reviews the status of our projects. As a result, there is no assurance that our revenue and profit margin in the future will remain at a level comparable to those recorded during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

Any material inaccurate cost estimation or cost overruns may adversely affect our financial results.

When determining our tender price, our management would estimate the time and costs involved in a project taking into account (i) the scope of works; (ii) the price trend for the types of subcontracting services as well as materials required; (iii) the complexity and the location of the project; (iv) the estimated number and types of equipment required; (v) the completion time requested by customers; and (vi) the availability of our labor and financial resources.

There is no assurance that the actual amount of time and costs incurred during the performance of our projects would not exceed our estimation. The actual amount of time and costs incurred in completing a project may be adversely affected by many factors, including unforeseen site conditions, adverse weather conditions, accidents, non-performance by our subcontractors, unexpected significant increase in costs of materials agreed to be borne by us, unexpected increase in the amount of rectification works requested by our customers and other unforeseen problems and circumstances. Any material inaccurate estimation in the time and costs involved in a project may give rise to delays in completion of works and/or cost overruns, which in turn may materially and adversely affect our financial condition, profitability and liquidity. We typically bear the risk of delays and cost overruns in our projects and we are generally unable to pass these costs to our customers.

If we do not comply with certain laws, we could be suspended or debarred from contracting, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Various statutes to which our operations are subject, such as Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (Cap. 59 of the Laws of Hong Kong), Construction Site (Safety) Regulations (Cap. 59I of the Laws of Hong Kong), Factory and Industrial Undertakings (Safety Officers and Safety Supervisors) Regulations (Cap. 59Z of the Laws of Hong Kong), Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Safety Management) Regulations (Cap. 59AF of the Laws of Hong Kong) and Occupational Safety and Health Ordinance (Cap. 509 of the Laws of Hong Kong), which deal with the health and safety during the construction process and various other statutes provide for discretionary suspension and/or debarment in certain circumstances.

The scope and duration of any suspension or debarment may vary depending upon the facts of a particular case and the statutory or regulatory grounds for debarment. Any suspension or debarment from contracting will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Unsatisfactory performance by our subcontractors or unavailability of subcontractors may adversely affect our operation and profitability.

We focus on the role of project management and supervision in carrying out our projects and we generally engage subcontractors to perform part of the site works under our supervision. In order to control and ensure the quality and progress of the works of our subcontractors, we select subcontractors based on their quality of services, qualifications, skills and technique, prevailing market price, delivery time, availability of resources in accommodating our requests and reputation. There is no assurance that the work quality of our subcontractors can always meet our requirements. We may be affected by the non-performance, inappropriate or poor quality of works rendered by our subcontractors. Such events could impact upon our profitability, financial performance and reputation. In addition, there is no assurance that we will always be able to secure services from suitable subcontractors when required, or be able to negotiate acceptable fees and terms of service with subcontractors. In such event, our operation and financial position may be adversely affected.

In the event that our subcontractors fail to follow the safety guidelines and other requirements imposed by our customers, we may be liable to pay to our customers the expenses and penalties incurred by them. Although we are entitled to be compensated by our subcontractors in relation to such penalties under the subcontracting agreement, we may not be able to claim from such subcontractors in order to maintain a stable relationship with our major subcontractors. In such event, we may be subject to additional costs and penalties incurred by our subcontractors in relation to their failure to comply with the safety procedures and other requirements imposed by our customers.

We depend on third parties for supply of materials to operate our business.

We purchase materials from our suppliers for the provision of our services. The major types of materials sourced from our suppliers included Portland cement, hydraulic lime, concrete blocks, aggregates and sand. We cannot assure you that our favorable working relationships with our suppliers will continue in the future. In addition, there have historically been periods of supply shortages in our industry.

The inability to purchase materials could severely impact our business. If our suppliers experience price increases or disruptions to their business, such as labor disputes, supply shortages or distribution problems, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

We may not be able to compete favorably in our highly competitive industry.

Some of our competitors may have certain advantages, including but not limited to having long operating history, better financing capabilities and well developed technical expertise. New participants may wish to enter the industry provided that they have the appropriate skills, local experience, necessary equipment, capital and they are granted the requisite licenses or approvals by the relevant regulatory bodies. Any significant increase in competition may result in lower operating margins and loss of market share, which may adversely affect our profitability and operating results.

During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our five largest customers accounted for a significant portion of our total revenue.

A significant portion of our revenue was derived from a limited number of customers. Our five largest customers for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 accounted for approximately 91.7%, 93.4% and 92.8% of our revenue in the corresponding periods, respectively. In particular, one of our top customers contributed approximately 62.2%, 42.1% and 23.6% of our total revenue for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. We were engaged by our customers on a project-by-project basis. There is no assurance that we will continue to obtain contracts from our major customers in the future. If there is a significant decrease in the number of projects awarded by our major customers, and we are unable to secure suitable projects of a comparable size and quantity as replacements from other customers, our financial condition and operating results would be materially and adversely affected.

Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and any changes to, or liabilities arising under, such laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

Our operations are subject to stringent and complex laws and regulations governing the discharge of materials into the environment, health and safety aspects of our operations or otherwise relating to environmental protection. These laws and regulations may impose numerous obligations applicable to our operations, including: the acquisition of a permit or other approval before conducting regulated activities; the restriction of the types, quantities and concentration of materials that can be released into the environment; the limitation or prohibition of activities on certain lands lying within wilderness, wetlands, and other protected areas; the application of specific health and safety criteria addressing worker protection; and the imposition of substantial liabilities for pollution resulting from our operations.

A number of government authorities have the power to enforce compliance with these laws and regulations and the permits issued under them. Such enforcement actions often involve difficult and costly compliance measures or corrective actions. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of sanctions, including administrative, civil, or criminal penalties, natural resource damages, the imposition of investigatory or remedial obligations, and the issuance of orders limiting or prohibiting some or all of our operations. In addition, we may experience delays in obtaining, or be unable to obtain, required permits, which may delay or interrupt our operations and limit our growth and revenue.

Certain environmental laws impose strict liability (i.e., no showing of “fault” is required) or joint and several liability for costs required to remediate and restore sites where hazardous substances, hydrocarbons or solid wastes have been stored or released. We may be required to remediate contaminated properties currently or formerly owned or operated by us or third-party facilities that received waste generated by our operations regardless of whether such contamination resulted from the conduct of others or from the consequences of our own actions that were in compliance with all applicable laws at the time those actions were taken. Furthermore, the existence of contamination at properties we own, lease or operate could result in increased operational costs or restrictions on our ability to use those properties as intended.

In certain instances, citizen groups also have the ability to bring legal proceedings against us if we do not comply with environmental laws or challenge our ability to receive environmental permits that we need to operate. In addition, claims for damages to persons or property, including natural resources, may result from our operations’ environmental, health, and safety impacts. Our insurance may not cover all environmental risks and costs or may not provide sufficient coverage if an environmental claim is made against us. Moreover, public interest in protecting the environment has increased dramatically in recent years. The trend of more expansive and stringent environmental legislation and regulations applied to our industry could continue, resulting in increased costs of doing business and consequently affecting profitability.

We may not be able to implement our business plans effectively to achieve future growth.

Our expansion plan is based upon a forward-looking assessment of market prospects of the wet trades works industry in Hong Kong and there is no assurance that such assessment will always turn out to be correct or that it will be able to grow our business as planned. Expansion plans may be affected by a number of factors beyond our control. Such factors include, but are not limited to, changes in economic conditions in Hong Kong, changes in supply and demand for our wet trades works services and government regulations in relation to the wet trades works industry. Our future growth depends on our ability to improve our administrative, technical and operational infrastructure. As the business expands, we may encounter a range of difficulties in managing our business, such as difficulties (i) generating sufficient liquidity internally or obtaining external financing for capital needs, and (ii) allocating its resources and managing its relationships with a growing number of customers, suppliers and other business partners. There can be no assurance that future growth will materialize or that we will be able to manage future growth effectively, and failure to do so would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

Our continued success requires us to hire, train and retain qualified personnel and subcontractors in a competitive industry.

The success of our business depends upon our ability to attract, train and retain qualified, reliable personnel, including, but not limited to, our executive officers and key management personnel, such as Mr. Chi Ming Lam. Additionally, the successful operation of our business depends upon project management personnel, other employees and qualified subcontractors who possess the necessary and required experience and expertise and who will perform their respective services at a reasonable and competitive rate. Competition for these and other experienced personnel is intense. As a result, it may be difficult to attract and retain qualified individuals with the requisite expertise and in the timeframe demanded by our clients.

In addition, the cost of providing our services, including the extent to which we utilize our workforce, affects our profitability. For example, the uncertainty of contract award timing can present difficulties matching our workforce size with our contracts. If an expected contract award is delayed or not received, we could incur costs resulting from excess staff or redundancy of facilities that could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

Failure to complete our projects on a reliable and timely basis could materially affect our reputation, our financial performance or may subject us to claim.

The contracts with our customers generally contain a liquidated damages clause under which we are liable to pay liquidated damages to our customers if we are unable to deliver or perform the contractual works within the time specified in the contract. Liquidated damages are generally determined on the basis of a fixed sum per day.

Delay in a project may occur from time to time due to various unforeseen factors such as shortage of manpower, delays by subcontractors, industrial accidents, and delay in delivery of materials. If there is any delay on our part in completion of a project, we may be liable to pay liquidated damages under the contract. There is no assurance that there will not be any delay in our existing and future projects resulting in claims in relation to liquidated damages, which in turn will have adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our operations are subject to special hazards that may cause personal injury or property damage, subjecting us to liabilities and possible losses which may not be covered by insurance.

Operating hazards inherent in our business, some of which may be outside our control, can cause personal injury and loss of life, damage to or destruction of property, plant and equipment and environmental damage. We maintain insurance coverage in amounts and against the risks we believe are consistent with industry practice, but this insurance may be inadequate or unavailable to cover all losses or liabilities we may incur in our operations.

Our insurance policies are subject to varying levels of deductibles. Losses up to our deductible amounts are accrued based upon our estimates of the ultimate liability for claims incurred and an estimate of claims incurred but not reported. However, liabilities subject to insurance are difficult to estimate due to unknown factors, including the severity of an injury, the determination of our liability in proportion to other parties, the number of unreported incidents, and our safety programs’ effectiveness. If we were to experience insurance claims or costs above our estimates, we may be required to use working capital to satisfy these claims rather than using working capital to maintain or expand our operations.

Certain data and information in this prospectus were obtained from third-party sources and were not independently verified by us.

We have engaged Frost & Sullivan to prepare a commissioned industry report that analyzes the Hong Kong construction industry. Information and data relating to the Hong Kong construction industry have been derived from Frost & Sullivan’s industry report. Statistical data included in the Frost & Sullivan report also include projections based on a number of assumptions. The construction industry may not grow at the rate projected by market data, or at all. Any failure of the Hong Kong construction industry to grow at the projected rate may have a material adverse effect on our business and the market price of our Ordinary Shares. Furthermore, if any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data is later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions.

We have not independently verified the data and information contained in the Frost & Sullivan report or any third-party publications and reports Frost & Sullivan has relied on in preparing its report. Data and information contained in such third-party publications and reports may be collected using third-party methodologies, which may differ from the data collection methods used by us. In addition, these industry publications and reports generally indicate that the information contained therein is believed to be reliable, but do not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of such information.

We may need to raise additional capital in the future for working capital, capital expenditures and/or acquisitions, and we may not be able to do so on favorable terms or at all, which would impair our ability to operate our business or achieve our growth objectives.

Our ongoing ability to generate cash is important for funding our continuing operations, making acquisitions and servicing our indebtedness. To the extent that existing cash balances and cash flow from operations, together with borrowing capacity are insufficient to make investments or acquisitions or provide needed working capital, we may require additional financing from other sources. Our ability to obtain such additional financing in the future will depend in part upon prevailing capital market conditions and conditions in our business and our operating results. Those factors may affect our efforts to arrange additional financing on terms acceptable to us.

Furthermore, if global economic, political or other market conditions adversely affect the financial institutions that provide credit to us, it is possible that our ability to draw upon credit facilities may be impacted. If adequate funds are not available, or are not available on acceptable terms, we may not be able to make future investments, take advantage of acquisitions or other opportunities, or respond to competitive challenges, resulting in loss of market share, each of which could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.

Our lack of effective internal controls over financial reporting may affect our ability to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud which may affect the market for and price of our Ordinary Shares.

We are a private company with limited accounting personnel and other resources for addressing our internal control over financial reporting. Our management has not completed an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and our independent registered public accounting firm has not conducted an audit of our internal control over financial reporting. However, in connection with the audits of our consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, we identified certain material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A “material weakness” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The material weaknesses identified related to (1) our lack of sufficient full-time personnel with appropriate levels of accounting knowledge and experience to monitor the daily recording of transactions, address complex U.S. GAAP accounting issues and to prepare and review financial statements and related disclosures under U.S. GAAP; and (2) our lack of a functional internal audit department or personnel that monitors the consistencies of the preventive internal control procedures as well as adequate policies and procedures in internal audit function to ensure that our policies and procedures have been carried out as planned.

Our management has implemented and is currently taking the steps necessary to remediate the underlying causes of these material weaknesses, including (i) conducting regular and continuous U.S. GAAP training programs and webinars for our financial reporting and accounting personnel; (ii) established three committees under the board of directors: an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (see “Management” for details); (iii) actively hiring more qualified staff to fill up the key roles in the operations; and (iv) setting up a financial and system control framework with formal documentation of polices and controls in place. However, we cannot assure you that these measures may fully address the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting or that we may not identify additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in the future.

We are subject to the requirement that we maintain internal controls and that management perform periodic evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal controls. Effective internal control over financial reporting is important to prevent fraud. As a result, our business, our financial condition, results of operations and prospects, as well as the market for and trading price of our Ordinary Shares, may be materially and adversely affected if we do not have effective internal controls. Before the initial public offering, we were a private company with limited resources. As a result, we may not discover any problems in a timely manner and current and potential shareholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm the business of the Operating Subsidiaries and the trading price of our Ordinary Shares. The absence of internal controls over financial reporting may inhibit investors from purchasing our Ordinary Shares and may make it more difficult for us to raise funds in a debt or equity financing.

Additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies may be identified in the future. If we identify such issues or if we are unable to produce accurate and timely financial statements, our Ordinary Share price may decline and we may be unable to maintain compliance with the Nasdaq Listing Rules.

We are subject to credit risk in relation to the collectability of our trade receivables and contract assets.

A contract asset represents our right to consideration from customers in exchange for the provision of wet trades works that we have transferred to the customers that is not yet unconditional. Contract assets arise when we have provided the wet trades works under the relevant contracts but the works have yet to be certified by architects, quantity surveyors or other representatives appointed by the customers and/or our right to payment is still conditional on factors other than passage of time. Any amount previously recognized as a contract asset is reclassified to trade receivables at the point when our right to payment becomes unconditional other than passage of time.

There is no assurance that we will be able to bill all or any part of contract assets for our services completed according to the payment terms of the contracts and there is no assurance that the retention monies will be released by our customers to us on a timely basis and in full accordingly. Further, there can be no assurance that our customers will settle our invoices on time and in full. In the event that we are unable to collect a substantial portion of our trade receivables within the payment terms or at all, our cash flows and financial positions will be adversely affected. Any difficulty in collecting a substantial portion of our trade receivables and contract assets could materially and adversely affect our cash flows and financial positions.

We are a holding company whose principal source of operating cash is the income received from our Operating Subsidiaries.

We are dependent on the income generated by our Operating Subsidiaries in order to make distributions and dividends on the shares. The amount of distributions and dividends, if any, which may be paid to us from our Operating Subsidiaries will depend on many factors, including such subsidiaries’ results of operations and financial condition, limits on dividends under applicable law, its constitutional documents, documents governing any indebtedness, and other factors which may be outside our control. If our Operating Subsidiaries do not generate sufficient cash flow, we may be unable to make distributions and dividends on the shares.

Our significant shareholder has considerable influence over our corporate matters.

Mr. Chi Ming Lam beneficially owns and controls 11,250,000 Ordinary Shares that correspond to 100% on a pre-Offering basis and 84.31% on a post-Offering basis of our issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional Ordinary Shares and assuming Mr. Lam immediately disposes all of the 500,000 Ordinary Shares pursuant to the Resale Prospectus. Mr. Chi Ming Lam will hold considerable influence over corporate matters requiring shareholder approval and will independently control the operations of the Company, including without limitation, electing directors and approving material mergers, acquisitions or other business combination transactions. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could also discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions, which could have the effect of depriving the holders of our Ordinary Shares of the opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over the prevailing market price.

Our significant shareholder may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Because our significant shareholder has, considerable influence over our corporate matters, his interests may differ from the interests of our company as a whole. The shareholder could, for example, appoint directors and management without the requisite experience, relations or knowledge to steer our company properly because of their affiliations or loyalty, and such actions may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition. Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between the shareholder and our company. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and the shareholders, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could disrupt our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.

If we fail to promote and maintain our brand effectively and cost-efficiently, our business and results of operations may be harmed.

We believe that developing and maintaining awareness of our brand effectively is critical to attracting new and retaining existing customers. Successful promotion of our brand and our ability to attract customers depend largely on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts and the success of the channels we use to promote our services. Our future marketing efforts will likely require us to incur additional expenses. These efforts may not result in increased revenue in the immediate future or at all and, even if they do, any increase in revenue may not offset the expenses incurred. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand while incurring substantial expenses, our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected, which may impair our ability to grow our business.

We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may be expensive to defend and may disrupt our business and operations.

We cannot be certain that our operations or any aspects of our business do not or will not infringe upon or otherwise violate trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. We may be from time to time in the future subject to legal proceedings and claims relating to the intellectual property rights of others. In addition, there may be third-party trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights that are infringed by our products, services or other aspects of our business without our awareness. Holders of such intellectual property rights may seek to enforce such intellectual property rights against us in Hong Kong, the United States or other jurisdictions. If any third-party infringement claims are brought against us, we may be forced to divert management’s time and other resources from our business and operations to defend against these claims, regardless of their merits.

Any deterioration in the outbreak of COVID-19 may adversely affect our operation and financial condition.

The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Hong Kong was first reported in January 2020. Since then, there have been multiple rounds of outbreak of COVID-19 in Hong Kong. The Government has announced various measures, including travel restrictions and safe distancing measures in order to reduce the risk of local transmission of COVID-19. There is no assurance that the outbreak of COVID-19 in Hong Kong can be effectively controlled or that the Government will not impose more stringent measures such as closure of physical workplace premises, full-scale suspension of all business, social and other activities, as well as other lockdown policies to control the spread of COVID-19.

Between January 2022 and April 2022, Hong Kong recorded its fifth wave of outbreak of COVID-19 attributable to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the Hong Kong construction industry since early 2020. For example, construction activities on projects sites with confirmed cases of COVID-19 were temporarily suspended for up to two weeks for disinfection. There has also been a disruption in the supply of materials since early 2022 as a result of supply chain and cross-border transportation disruptions. Since early 2023 and up to the date of this prospectus, the business activities in Hong Kong have resumed back to normal.

Although we have not experienced any major delays with respect to any of our projects as of the date of this prospectus, if there is an occurrence of a similar incident at any of our construction sites, it may result in a material disruption or delay. This in turn could have an adverse impact on our ability to complete the project on time and hence impair our reputation, business, financial conditions and our relationships with our customers. In addition, our gross profit margin may be adversely affected if there is a prolonged suspension as a result of COVID-19 as we may have to incur additional costs from (i) working overtime and engaging additional subcontractors after the resumption of work to avoid failure of completing the project in line with the original schedule; and (ii) rental expenses related to additional equipment as a result of our not being allowed to enter the site to mobilize any idle equipment to other construction sites.

The further outbreak of COVID-19 in waves in Hong Kong may have a material adverse impact on the Hong Kong economy, which may result in a slowdown in the property market and lower the availability of wet trades works projects available in Hong Kong. Any deterioration in the outbreak of COVID-19 may also lead to labor shortages, an increase in the wages of workers and/or an interruption to our business operations in the form of a temporary suspension or delay. We cannot assure you that we will not experience any project delays. We may experience a failure to complete a project according to the planned specifications, schedule and budget, as a result of the future outbreaks in waves of any subvariant of COVID-19, which may in turn expose us to potential claims from our customers for liquidated damages and which may adversely impact our reputation and negatively affect our business and financial condition and our results of operations.

Our operations may also be negatively affected if any of our employees or employees of our subcontractors is suspected of contracting or having contracted COVID-19, since this may require us and our subcontractors to quarantine some or all of the relevant employees and disinfect our project sites and facilities. If these adverse impacts materialize and persist for a substantial period of time, they may significantly and adversely affect our business operations and financial performance.

In addition, if the Government introduces further measures to combat the spread of COVID-19 including import controls or lockdown policy on a city-wide scale, there is no assurance that our suppliers would be able to (a) maintain their normal business operations without disruptions; and/or (b) deliver the services, materials or subcontracting services to us without delay, and there is no guarantee that we would be able to source the services, materials or subcontracting services from alternative suppliers in time if such measures persist for a substantial period.

Events such as epidemics, natural disasters, adverse weather conditions, political unrest and terrorist attacks could significantly delay, or even prevent us from completing, our projects.

Our operations are subject to uncertainties and contingencies beyond our control that could result in material disruptions in our operations and adversely affect our business. These include epidemics, natural disasters, fire, adverse weather conditions, political unrest, wars and terrorist attacks. Any such events could cause us to reduce or halt our operation, adversely affect our business operation, increase our costs and/or prevent us from completing our projects, any one of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In such an event, our business operations may also be severely disrupted due to a negative impact on investor confidence and risk appetites, the fund-raising activities of issuers and proposed listing applicants, the macroeconomic conditions as well as the financial conditions in Hong Kong. Our business operations, financial condition as well as our fund-raising activities as contemplated by this prospectus may be materially and adversely affected as a result.

Failure to maintain safe construction sites and/or implement our safety management system may lead to the occurrence of personal injuries, property damages, fatal accidents or suspension or non-renewal of our registration under the Registered Specialist Trade Contractors Scheme of the Construction Industry Council.

Due to the nature of works in construction sites, risks of accidents or injuries to workers are inherent. Notwithstanding our occupational health and safety measures that are required to be followed by our employees and employees of our subcontractors, accidents leading to personal injuries, property damages and/or fatal accidents remain an inherent risk at work sites. There is no assurance that there will not be any violation of our safety measures or other related rules and regulations by our employees or employees of our subcontractors. Any such violation may lead to higher probability of occurrences, and/or increased seriousness, of personal injuries, property damages and/or fatal accidents at work sites, which may materially and adversely affect our business operations as well as our financial position to the extent not covered by insurance policies. Also, failure to maintain safe construction sites and/or to implement safety management measures resulting in the occurrence of serious personal injuries or fatal accidents may lead to negative publicity and/or suspension or non-renewal of our registration under the Registered Specialist Trade Contractors Scheme of the Construction Industry Council, which in turn adversely affect our reputation, financial position and results of operation.

In addition, any personal injuries and/or fatal accidents to our employees and employees of our subcontractors may lead to claims or other legal proceedings against us. Any such claims or legal proceedings could adversely and materially affect our financial position to the extent not covered by insurance policies. Also, notwithstanding the merits of any such claims or legal proceedings, we need to divert management resources and incur extra costs to handle these matters. Any such claims or legal proceedings could therefore have a material and adverse impact on our business operations.

Although the risks of accidents or injuries to workers are inherent due to the nature of works in the construction industry, such accident record may adversely affect our industry reputation, which may in turn affect our prospect of receiving tender invitations from potential new customers or being awarded with future tenders from both our existing and potential new customers. Furthermore, we may have to incur additional costs to strengthen our safety management measures, such as recruiting additional safety supervision staff, which may have an adverse impact on our profitability.

There is no assurance that we will be able to renew our registration under the Registered Specialist Trade Contractors Scheme of the Construction Industry Council.

Subcontractors engaged under public sector projects initiated by the Government are generally required to possess registration under the Registered Specialist Trade Contractors Scheme of the Construction Industry Council. Renewal of registration under the Registered Specialist Trade Contractors Scheme is required every three or five years and is generally subject to certain technical and relevant industry experience requirements. There is no assurance that we will be able to renew such registration every time in the future. In the event of non-renewal of such registration, our reputation, our ability to obtain future businesses, and our business and financial position and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

We may be a party to legal proceedings from time to time and we cannot assure you that such legal proceedings will not have a material adverse impact on our business. In particular, there may be potential employees’ compensation claims and personal injury claims.

We may be involved in claims and litigations in respect of various matters from our customers, subcontractors, workers and other parties concerned with our works from time to time. Such claims may include in particular employees’ compensation claims and personal injury claims in relation to personal injuries suffered by workers as a result of accidents arising out of and in the course of employment of the injured workers. There is no assurance that we will not be involved in any claims or legal proceedings, nor can we assure you that any such claims or legal proceedings would not have a material adverse impact on our business. Should any claims against us fall outside the scope and/or limit of insurance coverage, our financial position may be adversely affected. Regardless of the merits of any outstanding and potential claims, we need to divert management resources and incur extra costs to handle these claims, which could affect our corporate image and reputation if they were published by the press. If the aforesaid claims were successfully made against us and are not covered by insurance policies, we may need to pay damages and legal costs, which in turn could adversely affect our results of operations and financial position.

Our insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover potential liabilities.

Certain risks disclosed elsewhere in this section such as risks in relation to customer concentration, our ability to obtain new contracts, our ability to retain and attract personnel, availability and performance of subcontractors, project and cost management, our ability to maintain and renew our registrations, credit risk and liquidity risk, are generally not covered by insurance because they are either uninsurable or it is not cost justifiable to insure against such risks. Insurance policies covering losses from acts of war, terrorism, or natural catastrophes are also either unavailable or cost prohibitive.

Further, we may be subject to liabilities against which we are not insured adequately or at all or liabilities against which cannot be insured. Should any significant liabilities arise due to accidents, natural disasters, or other events which are not covered or are inadequately covered by our insurance, our business may be adversely affected, potentially lead to a loss of assets, lawsuits, employee compensation obligations, or other forms of economic loss.

We cannot guarantee that our current levels of insurance are sufficient to cover all potential risks and losses. In addition, we cannot guarantee that we can renew our policies or can renew our policies on similar or other acceptable terms. If we suffer from severe unexpected losses or losses that far exceed the policy limits, it could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and prospect.

Possible difficulty in recruiting sufficient labor or significant increase in labor costs may hinder our future business strategies.

The wet trades works industry in Hong Kong has been facing the problem of labor shortage and ageing workforce. The supply and cost of labor in Hong Kong are affected by the availability of labor in the market as well as economic factors in Hong Kong including the inflation rate and standard of living. There is no guarantee that the supply of labor and labor costs will be stable. In addition, the Minimum Wage Ordinance (Chapter 608 of the Laws of Hong Kong) requires that an employee is entitled to be paid wages in respect of any wage period of not less than the minimum wage, which shall be derived by reference to the prescribed minimum hourly wage rate (currently set at HK$40 per hour (effective from May 1, 2023)). There is no assurance that the statutory minimum wage will not increase in the future. In the event that we or our subcontractors fail to retain existing labor and/or recruit sufficient labor in a timely manner to cope with the demand of our existing or future jobs and/or there is a significant increase in the costs of labor, we may not be able to complete our jobs on schedule and/or within budget and our operations and profitability may be adversely affected.

Wet trades works is often labor-intensive and we cannot be certain that there will be sufficient workers for projects when needed. Even though we generally has not hired workers to conduct wet trades works and instead has employed subcontractors who hired workers directly, the labor cost is factored into the prices of the subcontractors. Any unpredicted rise in labor cost might be borne by us and may reduce our profit margin. Moreover, potential customers may be hesitant to engage us if the quotation price has to increase to fully consider any expected future increase in labor cost.

Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the price of the Ordinary Shares.

Our revenues and expenses will be denominated predominantly in Hong Kong dollars. The value of the Hong Kong dollar against the U.S. dollar may fluctuate and may be affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions. Although the exchange rate between the Hong Kong dollar to the U.S. dollar has been pegged since 1983, we cannot assure you that the Hong Kong dollar will remain pegged to the U.S. dollar.

Our business is conducted in Hong Kong, our books and records are maintained in H.K. dollar, which is the currency of Hong Kong, and the financial statements that we file with the SEC and provide to our shareholders are presented in United States dollars. Changes in the exchange rate between H.K. dollar and United States dollar affect the value of our assets and the results of our operations, when presented in United States dollars. Any significant fluctuations in the exchange rates between Hong Kong dollars to U.S. dollars may have a material adverse effect on our revenue and financial condition. For example, to the extent that we are required to convert U.S. dollars we receive from this Offering into Hong Kong dollars for our operations, fluctuations in the exchange rates between Hong Kong dollars against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the amounts we receive from the conversion. We have not used any forward contracts, futures, swaps or currency borrowings to hedge our exposure to foreign currency risk.

Our business is susceptible to government policies and macroeconomic conditions.

The market growth of construction industry in Hong Kong highly correlates to government policies and macroeconomic environment. Particularly, during economic downturns, due to limited financial budgets, property developers and tenants are more conservative to invest capital resources to renovate their living spaces and select high-end products, such as furniture and marbles imported from overseas. On the other hand, government policies, such as urban renewal and development program and land sales, may affect the availability of land for property developers to construct and subsequently the demand for wet trades works in Hong Kong may deteriorate. In fact, according to the Lands Department, the area of land sales has dropped from approximately 323.8 thousand square meters in 2016/17 to approximately 34.8 thousand square meters in 2023/24. As a result, the issue of overreliance on government policies and cyclical nature of construction works may adversely impact the development of wet trades works market in Hong Kong.

We are exposed to risks of general economic downturn and deteriorating market conditions, such as Sino-U.S. trade conflicts.

As our business and operations are based in Hong Kong, our business growth is primarily dependent upon the economy and market condition in Hong Kong and the PRC. The market conditions are directly affected by, among other things, the global and local political and economic environments, such as uncertainties about the Sino-U.S. trade conflicts. Any sudden downturn in the general economic environment or change to political environment in Hong Kong and the PRC beyond our control may adversely affect the financial market sentiment in general. Severe fluctuations in market and economic sentiments may also lead to a prolonged period of sluggish performance of the real estate and construction industries. As such, our revenue and profitability may fluctuate and we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our historical financial performance in times of difficult or unstable economic conditions.

Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong

Hong Kong’s legal system is evolving and has inherent uncertainties that could limit the legal protection available to you.

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our revenue was derived from wet trades works in Hong Kong. The Hong Kong legal system embodies uncertainties which could limit the legal protections available to you and us.

As one of the conditions for the handover of the sovereignty of Hong Kong to the PRC, the PRC had to accept some conditions such as Hong Kong’s Basic Law before its return. The Basic Law ensured Hong Kong will retain its own currency (the Hong Kong Dollar), legal system, parliamentary system and people’s rights and freedom for fifty years from 1997. This agreement had given Hong Kong the freedom to function in a high degree of autonomy. The Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong is responsible for its own domestic affairs including, but not limited to, the judiciary and courts of last resort, immigration and customs, public finance, currencies and extradition. Hong Kong continues using the English common law system.

Some international observers and human rights organizations have expressed doubts about the future of the relative political freedoms enjoyed in Hong Kong and the PRC’s pledge to allow a high degree of autonomy in Hong Kong. On July 14, 2020, the United States signed an executive order to end the special status enjoyed by Hong Kong post-1997. As the autonomy currently enjoyed may be compromised, it could potentially impact Hong Kong’s common law legal system and may, in turn, bring about uncertainty in, for example, the enforcement of our contractual rights. If the PRC were to, in fact, renege on its agreement to allow Hong Kong to function autonomously, this could potentially impact Hong Kong’s common law legal system and may in turn bring about uncertainty in, for example, the enforcement of our contractual rights. This could, in turn, materially and adversely affect our business and operation. Additionally, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in Hong Kong may not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. Accordingly, we cannot predict the effect of future developments in the Hong Kong legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, or the preemption of local regulations by national laws. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us, including our ability to enforce our agreements with our customers.

The enactment of Law of the PRC on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the “Hong Kong National Security Law”) could impact our Operating Subsidiaries in Hong Kong.

On June 30, 2020, the Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s Congress adopted the Hong Kong National Security Law. This law defines the duties and government bodies of the Hong Kong National Security Law for safeguarding national security and four categories of offences — secession, subversion, terrorist activities, and collusion with a foreign country or external elements to endanger national security — and their corresponding penalties. On July 14, 2020, the former U.S. President Donald Trump signed the Hong Kong Autonomy Act, or HKAA, into law, authorizing the U.S. administration to impose blocking sanctions against individuals and entities who are determined to have materially contributed to the erosion of Hong Kong’s autonomy. On August 7, 2020, the U.S. government imposed HKAA - authorized sanctions on eleven individuals, including former HKSAR chief executive Carrie Lam. On October 14, 2020, the U.S. State Department submitted to relevant committees of Congress the report required under HKAA, identifying persons materially contributing to “the failure of the Government of China to meet its obligations under the Joint Declaration or the Basic Law.” The HKAA further authorizes secondary sanctions, including the imposition of blocking sanctions, against foreign financial institutions that knowingly conduct a significant transaction with foreign persons sanctioned under this authority. The imposition of sanctions may directly affect the foreign financial institutions as well as any third parties or customers dealing with any foreign financial institution that is targeted. It is difficult to predict the full impact of the Hong Kong National Security Law and HKAA on Hong Kong and companies located in Hong Kong. If our Operating Subsidiaries in Hong Kong are determined to be in violation of the Hong Kong National Security Law or the HKAA by competent authorities, our business operations, financial position and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Nasdaq may apply additional and more stringent criteria for our continued listing.

Nasdaq Listing Rule 5101 provides Nasdaq with broad discretionary authority over the initial and continued listing of securities in Nasdaq and Nasdaq may use such discretion to deny initial listing, apply additional or more stringent criteria for the initial or continued listing of particular securities, or suspend or delist particular securities based on any event, condition, or circumstance that exists or occurs that makes initial or continued listing of the securities on Nasdaq inadvisable or unwarranted in the opinion of Nasdaq, even though the securities meet all enumerated criteria for initial or continued listing on Nasdaq. In addition, Nasdaq has used its discretion to deny initial or continued listing or to apply additional and more stringent criteria in the instances, including but not limited to (i) where the company engaged an auditor that has not been subject to an inspection by PCAOB, an auditor that PCAOB cannot inspect, or an auditor that has not demonstrated sufficient resources, geographic reach, or experience to adequately perform the company’s audit; (ii) where a company planned a small public offering, which would result in insiders holding a large portion of the company’s listed securities. Nasdaq was concerned that an offering size was insufficient to establish the company’s initial valuation, and there would not be sufficient liquidity to support a public market for the company; and (iii) where the company did not demonstrate sufficient nexus to the U.S. capital market, including having no U.S. shareholders, operations, or members of the board of directors or management. In respect of any of the aforementioned concerns, we may be subject to additional and more stringent criteria of Nasdaq for our continued listing, which might cause delay or even denial of our listing application for our Ordinary Shares.

If we fail to meet applicable listing requirements, Nasdaq may delist our Ordinary Shares from trading, in which case the liquidity and market price of our Ordinary Shares could decline.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to meet the continued listing standards of Nasdaq in the future. If we fail to comply with the applicable listing standards and Nasdaq delists our Ordinary Shares, we and our shareholders could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

The recent joint statement by the SEC and PCAOB, proposed rule changes submitted by Nasdaq, and the HFCAA all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies upon assessing the qualification of their auditors, especially the non-U.S. auditors who are not inspected by the PCAOB. These developments could add uncertainties to our Offering.

On April 21, 2020, SEC Chairman Jay Clayton and PCAOB Chairman William D. Duhnke III, along with other senior SEC staff, released a joint statement highlighting the risks associated with investing in companies based in or have substantial operations in emerging markets including China. The joint statement emphasized the risks associated with lack of access for the PCAOB to inspect auditors and audit work papers in China and higher risks of fraud in emerging markets.

On May 18, 2020, Nasdaq filed three proposals with the SEC to (i) apply minimum offering size requirement for companies primarily operating in “Restrictive Market”, (ii) adopt a new requirement relating to the qualification of management or board of director for Restrictive Market companies, and (iii) apply additional and more stringent criteria to an applicant or listed company based on the qualifications of the company’s auditors.

On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed the HFCAA requiring a foreign company to certify it is not owned or controlled by a foreign government if the PCAOB is unable to audit specified reports because the company uses a foreign auditor not subject to PCAOB inspection. If the PCAOB is unable to inspect the company’s auditors for three consecutive years, the issuer’s securities are prohibited to trade on a national exchange. On December 2, 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives approved the HFCAA. On December 18, 2020, the HFCAA was signed into law. Additionally, in July 2020, the U.S. President’s Working Group on Financial Markets issued recommendations for actions that can be taken by the executive branch, the SEC, the PCAOB or other federal agencies and department with respect to Chinese companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges and their audit firms, in an effort to protect investors in the United States. In response, on November 23, 2020, the SEC issued guidance highlighting certain risks, and their implications to U.S. investors, associated with investments in China-based issuers and summarizing enhanced disclosures the SEC recommends China-based issuers make regarding such risks.

On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted final amendments to its rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCAA, which took effect on January 10, 2022. We will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies us as having a “non-inspection” year, as defined in the rules, under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. The SEC is assessing how to implement other requirements of the HFCAA, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above. Under the HFCAA, our securities may be prohibited from trading on the Nasdaq or other U.S. stock exchanges if our auditor is not inspected by the PCAOB for three consecutive years, and this ultimately could result in our shares being delisted. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which was signed into law on December 29, 2022, amending the HFCAA and requiring the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three consecutive years, shortening the timeline for the application of the HPCAA’s delisting and trading prohibition from three years to two, and thus, would reduce the time before securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted. On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the HFCAA, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the HFCAA, whether the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction.

On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a determination report which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in: (1) mainland China of the People’s Republic of China; and (2) Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region of the PRC, because of positions taken by PRC authorities in those jurisdictions, which determinations were vacated on December 15, 2022. Our current auditor, ZH CPA, LLC, is not headquartered in mainland China or Hong Kong and was not identified by the PCAOB in its report on December 16, 2021 as a firm subject to the PCAOB’s determinations, which determinations were vacated on December 15, 2022.

On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol, or SOP, Agreement with the CSRC and China’s Ministry of Finance. The SOP, together with two protocol agreements governing inspections and investigation, establishes a specific, accountable framework to make possible complete inspections and investigations by the PCAOB of audit firms based in China and Hong Kong, as required under U.S. law. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong completely in 2022. The PCAOB vacated its previous 2021 determinations that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. However, whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainty and depends on a number of factors out of our, and our auditor’s, control. The PCAOB is continuing to demand complete access in mainland China and Hong Kong moving forward and is already making plans to resume regular inspections in early 2023 and beyond, as well as to continue pursuing ongoing investigations and initiate new investigations as needed. The PCAOB has indicated that it will act immediately to consider the need to issue new determinations with the HFCAA if needed. If the PCAOB in the future again determines that it is unable to inspect and investigate completely auditors in mainland China and Hong Kong, then the companies audited by those auditors would be subject to a trading prohibition on U.S. markets pursuant to the HFCAA.

If the PCAOB in the future again determines that it is unable to inspect and investigate completely auditors in mainland China and Hong Kong, then the lack of access to the PCAOB inspection in China would prevent the PCAOB from fully evaluating audits and quality control procedures of the auditors based in China. As a result, investors could be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections, if the PCAOB in the future again determines that it is unable to inspect and investigate completely auditors in mainland China and Hong Kong. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China would make it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of these accounting firms’ audit procedures or quality control procedures, which could cause existing and potential investors in our stock to lose confidence in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements. Although our auditor was not identified by the PCAOB in its report as a firm subject to the PCAOB’s determinations, which determinations were vacated on December 15, 2022, should the PCAOB be unable to fully conduct inspection of our auditor’s work papers in China, this could adversely affect us and our securities for the reasons noted above.

Our auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this prospectus, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess our auditor’s compliance with the applicable professional standards. Our auditor is headquartered in Denver, Colorado, and has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis with the last inspection in 2023. However, the recent developments would add uncertainties to our Offering and we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements.

Risks Related to Our Initial Public Offering and Ownership of Our Ordinary Shares

We will incur additional costs as a result of becoming a public company, which could negatively impact our net income and liquidity.

Upon completion of this Offering, we will become a public company in the United States. As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. In addition, Sarbanes-Oxley and rules and regulations implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Nasdaq require significantly heightened corporate governance practices for public companies. As a result, we expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs and make many corporate activities more time-consuming and costly.

We do not expect to incur materially greater costs as a result of becoming a public company than those incurred by similarly sized U.S. public companies. If we fail to comply with these rules and regulations, we could become the subject of a governmental enforcement action, investors may lose confidence in us and the market price of our Ordinary Shares could decline.

As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules subsequently implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Nasdaq impose various requirements on the corporate governance practices of public companies. As a company with less than US$1.07 billion in net revenue for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other generally applicable requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting and permission to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies.

We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some corporate activities more time-consuming and costly. After we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” we expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the other rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. We also expect that operating as a public company will make it more difficult and expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance. We may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. In addition, we will incur additional costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. It may also be more difficult for us to find qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these rules and regulations, and we cannot predict or estimate with any degree of certainty the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.

In the past, shareholders of a public company often brought securities class action suits against the company following periods of instability in the market price of that company’s securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and operations, which could harm our results of operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our management team has limited experience managing a public company.

Most members of our management team have limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors, and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. We are subject to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These obligations and constituents require significant attention from our senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.

The obligation to disclose information publicly may put us at a disadvantage to competitors that are private companies.

Upon completion of this Offering, we will be a publicly listed company in the United States. As a publicly listed company, we will be required to file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission upon the occurrence of matters that are material to our company and shareholders. In some cases, we will need to disclose material agreements or results of financial operations that we would not be required to disclose if we were a private company. Our competitors may have access to this information, which would otherwise be confidential. This may give them advantages in competing with our Company. Similarly, as a U.S.-listed public company, we will be governed by U.S. laws that our competitors, mostly private companies, are not required to follow. To the extent compliance with U.S. laws increases our expenses or decreases our competitiveness against such companies, our public listing could affect our results of operations.

We are a “foreign private issuer,” and our disclosure obligations differ from those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. As a result, we may not provide you the same information as U.S. domestic reporting companies or we may provide information at different times, which may make it more difficult for you to evaluate our performance and prospects.

We are a foreign private issuer and, as a result, we are not subject to the same requirements as U.S. domestic issuers. Under the Exchange Act, we will be subject to reporting obligations that, to some extent, are more lenient and less frequent than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. For example, we will not be required to issue quarterly reports or proxy statements. In addition, we will not be required to disclose detailed individual executive compensation information. Furthermore, our directors and executive officers will not be required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Exchange Act and will not be subject to the insider short swing profit disclosure and recovery regime.

As a foreign private issuer, we will also be exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups of investors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. However, we will still be subject to the anti-fraud and anti-manipulation rules of the SEC, such as Rule 10b-5 under the Exchange Act. Since many of the disclosure obligations imposed on us as a foreign private issuer differ from those imposed on U.S. domestic reporting companies, you should not expect to receive the same information about us and at the same time as the information provided by U.S. domestic reporting companies.

The information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely as compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers.

As a Cayman Islands company listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, we are subject to the Nasdaq Capital Market corporate governance listing standards. However, Nasdaq Capital Market rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from the Nasdaq Capital Market corporate governance listing standards. We do not currently plan to rely on home country practice with respect to any corporate governance matters. However, if we choose to do follow home country practice in the future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under the Nasdaq Capital Market corporate governance listing standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.

We are an “emerging growth company,” and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Ordinary Shares less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or the JOBS Act. We have elected to avail ourselves of the extended transition period for implementing new or revised financial accounting standards. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although we could lose that status sooner (1) if our revenue exceed $1.235 billion, (2) if we issue more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three-year period, or (3) if the market value of our shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any March 31 before that time, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following March 31. We cannot predict if investors will find our Ordinary Shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our shares and our stock price may be more volatile.

Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of certain of the reduced disclosure obligations in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and may elect to take advantage of other reduced reporting requirements in future filings. As a result, the information that we provide to our stockholders may be different than you might receive from other public reporting companies in which you hold equity interests and our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates. We may take advantage of these provisions for up to five years or such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company.

We are a “controlled company” defined under the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. Although we do not intend to rely on the “controlled company” exemption under the Nasdaq listing rules, we could elect to rely on this exemption in the future and you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.

We expect that our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Chi Ming Lam will own a majority of our Ordinary Shares following the Offering and we will be a controlled company under the applicable Nasdaq listing rules. For so long as we are a controlled company under the applicable Nasdaq listing rules, we are permitted to elect to rely, and may rely, on certain exemptions from corporate governance rules, including:

As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.

Although we do not intend to rely on the “controlled company” exemption under the Nasdaq listing rules, we could elect to rely on this exemption in the future. If we elected to rely on the “controlled company” exemption, a majority of the members of our board of directors might not be independent directors and our nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees might not consist entirely of independent directors upon closing of the Offering. Our status as a controlled company could cause our Ordinary Shares to look less attractive to certain investors or otherwise harm our trading price. As a result, the investors will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements. Please refer to the paragraph titled “Risk Factors – Our significant shareholder has considerable influence over our corporate matters.”

Ordinary Shares eligible for future sale may adversely affect the market price of our Ordinary Shares, as the future sale of a substantial amount of outstanding Ordinary Shares in the public marketplace could reduce the price of our Ordinary Shares.

The market price of our Ordinary Shares could decline as a result of sales of substantial amounts of our Ordinary Shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur. In addition, these factors could make it more difficult for us to raise funds through future offerings of our Ordinary Shares. An aggregate of 11,250,000 Ordinary Shares are outstanding before the consummation of this Offering and 12,750,000 Ordinary Shares will be outstanding immediately after this Offering, assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase additional Ordinary Shares. All of the Ordinary Shares sold in the Offering will be freely transferable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act. The remaining Ordinary Shares will be “restricted securities” as defined in Rule 144. These shares may be sold in the future without registration under the Securities Act to the extent permitted by Rule 144 or other exemptions under the Securities Act.

Future sales, or the perception of future sales, by us or our shareholder in the public market following this Offering could cause the market price for our Ordinary Shares to decline.

The sale of substantial amounts of Ordinary Shares in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur could harm the prevailing market price of our Ordinary Shares. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. Upon completion of this Offering we will have a total of 12,750,000 Ordinary Shares outstanding, assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase additional Ordinary Shares. Of the outstanding Ordinary Shares, the 1,500,000 Ordinary Shares sold or issued in this Offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Securities Act, except that any Ordinary Shares held by our affiliates, as that term is defined under Rule 144 of the Securities Act, may be sold only in compliance with the limitations described in “Ordinary Shares Eligible for Future Sale.” All remaining Ordinary Shares, which are currently held by our shareholder, may be sold in the public market in the future subject to the lock-up agreements and the restrictions contained in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If our shareholder sells a substantial amount of Ordinary Shares, the prevailing market price for our Ordinary Shares could be adversely affected. Our executive officers, directors and shareholder will sign lock-up agreements with the underwriters that will, subject to certain customary exceptions, restrict the sale of our Ordinary Shares and certain other securities held by them for a period of no less than six months following the date of this prospectus. The underwriters may, in their sole discretion and at any time without notice, release all or any portion of the Ordinary Shares subject to any such lock-up agreements. As restrictions on resale end, the market price of our Ordinary Shares could drop significantly if the holders of our restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to raise additional funds through future offerings of our Ordinary Shares or other securities.

The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and divert management’s attention.

As a public company, we will be subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the listing requirements of the securities exchange on which we list, and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Despite recent reforms made possible by the JOBS Act, compliance with these rules and regulations will nonetheless increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources, particularly after we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to our business and operating results.

As a result of disclosure of information in this prospectus and in filings required of a public company, our business and financial condition will become more visible, which we believe may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If such claims are successful, our business and operating results could be harmed, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and adversely affect our business, brand and reputation and results of operations.

We also expect that being a public company and these new rules and regulations will make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee and compensation committee, and qualified executive officers.

The market price of our Ordinary Shares may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the initial public offering price.

The initial public offering price for our Ordinary Shares will be determined through negotiations between the Underwriter and us and may vary from the market price of our Ordinary Shares following our initial public offering. If you purchase our Ordinary Shares in our initial public offering, you may not be able to resell those Ordinary Shares at or above the initial public offering price. We cannot assure you that our Ordinary Shares’ initial public offering price, or the market price following our initial public offering, will equal or exceed prices in privately negotiated transactions of our Ordinary Shares that have occurred from time to time prior to our initial public offering. The market price of our Ordinary Shares may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

We may experience extreme stock price volatility unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance, financial condition or prospects, making it difficult for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changing value of our Ordinary Shares.

Recently, there have been instances of extreme stock price run-ups followed by rapid price declines and strong stock price volatility with recent initial public offerings, especially among those with relatively smaller public floats. As a relatively small-capitalization company with relatively small public float, we may experience greater stock price volatility, extreme price run-ups, lower trading volume and less liquidity than large-capitalization companies. In particular, our Ordinary Shares may be subject to rapid and substantial price volatility, low volumes of trades and large spreads in bid and ask prices. Such volatility, including any stock-run up, may be unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance and financial condition or prospects, making it difficult for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changing value of our Ordinary Shares.

In addition, if the trading volumes of our Ordinary Shares are low, persons buying or selling in relatively small quantities may easily influence prices of our Ordinary Shares. This low volume of trades could also cause the price of our Ordinary Shares to fluctuate greatly, with large percentage changes in price occurring in any trading day session. Holders of our Ordinary Shares may also not be able to readily liquidate their investment or may be forced to sell at depressed prices due to low volume trading. Broad market fluctuations and general economic and political conditions may also adversely affect the market price of our Ordinary Shares. As a result of this volatility, investors may experience losses on their investment in our Ordinary Shares. A decline in the market price of our Ordinary Shares also could adversely affect our ability to issue additional Ordinary Shares or other securities and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future. No assurance can be given that an active market in our Ordinary Shares will develop or be sustained. If an active market does not develop, holders of our Ordinary Shares may be unable to readily sell the Ordinary Shares they hold or may not be able to sell their Ordinary Shares at all.

Future issuances or sales, or perceived issuances or sales, of substantial amounts of Ordinary Shares in the public market could materially and adversely affect the prevailing market price of the Ordinary Shares and our ability to raise capital in the future.

The market price of our Ordinary Shares could decline as a result of future sales of substantial amounts of shares or other securities relating to the shares in the public market, including by the Company’s significant shareholder, or the issuance of new shares by the Company, or the perception that such sales or issuances may occur. Future sales, or perceived sales, of substantial amounts of the shares could also materially and adversely affect our ability to raise capital in the future at a time and at a price favorable to us, and our shareholders will experience dilution in their holdings upon our issuance or sale of additional securities in the future. In addition, these factors could make it more difficult for us to raise funds through future offerings of our Ordinary Shares. A few shareholders hold a significant portion of our Ordinary Shares and these are “restricted securities” as defined in Rule 144. These Ordinary Shares may be sold in the future without registration under the Securities Act to the extent permitted by Rule 144 or other exemptions under the Securities Act.

We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from our initial public offering and may not use them effectively.

To the extent (i) we raise more money than required for the purposes explained in the section titled “Use of Proceeds” or (ii) we determine that the proposed uses set forth in that section are no longer in the best interests of our Company, we cannot specify with any certainty the particular uses of such net proceeds that we will receive from our initial public offering. Our management will have broad discretion in the application of such net proceeds, including working capital, possible acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes, and we may spend or invest these proceeds in a way with which our shareholders disagree. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could harm our business and financial condition. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from our initial public offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value.

Future financing may cause a dilution in your shareholding or place restrictions on our operations.

We may need to raise additional funds in the future to finance further expansion of our capacity and business relating to our existing operations, acquisitions or strategic partnerships. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of new equity or equity-linked securities of the Company other than on a pro rata basis to existing shareholders, the percentage ownership of such shareholders in the Company may be reduced, and such new securities may confer rights and privileges that take priority over those conferred by the shares. Alternatively, if we meet such funding requirements by way of additional debt financing, we may have restrictions placed on us through such debt financing arrangements which may:

We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses.

As discussed above, we are a foreign private issuer, and therefore, we are not required to comply with all of the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. The determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last business day of an issuer’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. We would lose our foreign private issuer status if, for example, more than 50% of our Ordinary Shares are directly or indirectly held by residents of the U.S. and we fail to meet additional requirements necessary to maintain our foreign private issuer status. If we lose our foreign private issuer status on this date, we will be required to file with the SEC periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. We will also have to mandatorily comply with U.S. federal proxy requirements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders will become subject to the short-swing profit disclosure and recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements under the Nasdaq listing rules. As a U.S. listed public company that is not a foreign private issuer, we will incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we will not incur as a foreign private issuer, and accounting, reporting and other expenses in order to maintain a listing on a U.S. securities exchange.

You will experience immediate and substantial dilution.

The initial public offering price of our Ordinary Shares is substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our Ordinary Shares. Assuming the completion of the Offering, if you purchase Ordinary Shares in this Offering, you will incur immediate dilution of approximately $4.97 in the pro forma net tangible book value per share from the price per share that you pay for the shares. Accordingly, if you purchase shares in this Offering, you will incur immediate and substantial dilution of your investment. Please refer to the section titled “Dilution.”

You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in the Cayman Islands or Hong Kong based on U.S. or other foreign laws against us, our management or the experts named in the prospectus.

Although we are a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we conduct substantially all of our operations in Hong Kong and substantially all of our assets are located in Hong Kong. In addition, a majority of our directors and executive officers reside within Hong Kong, and most of the assets of these persons are located within Hong Kong. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon us or these individuals, or to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of the Hong Kong may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers.

Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of the PRC. A foreign judgment can be registered and enforced in Hong Kong either under the Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Ordinance (Cap. 319) (the “Ordinance”) or at common law. Registration of a foreign judgment under the Ordinance can be made by an ex parte application with the local court but this avenue is limited to judgments entered in designated jurisdictions, which currently include: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Brunei, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, The Netherlands, New Zealand, and Singapore and Sri Lanka. An action to enforce a foreign judgment at common law is a comparatively cumbersome process. It is in essence an independent suit in Hong Kong and the judgment creditor must follow normally applicable service procedures. Judgments entered in the United States and the United Kingdom can be enforced in Hong Kong only at common law. To be eligible for common-law recognition, the judgment must (1) be for a definite sum of money; (2) be final and conclusive; and (3) have been entered by a court with competent jurisdiction over the defendant. With respect to finality, a Hong Kong court will generally refrain from enforcing a judgment during the pendency of an appeal. This raises the possibility of undue delay and asset dissipation. With respect to the requirement of competent jurisdiction of the foreign judgment seeking to be enforced in Hong Kong, it is governed by private international law as interpreted in Hong Kong, not the law of the foreign forum. Jurisdiction can generally be asserted on the basis of the defendant’s physical presence in the foreign forum, appearance in the underlying legal proceeding or prior contractual consent to jurisdiction. Under the common law and the Ordinance, only limited defenses on the grounds such as fraud, due process and Hong Kong public policy can be raised against a duly registered foreign judgment. There is no mechanism for reconsideration of the merits of the underlying foreign litigation.

You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and conduct substantially all of our operations in Hong Kong through our wholly-owned Hong Kong Operating Subsidiaries. Most of our directors and substantially all of our executive officers reside outside the United States and a substantial portion of their assets are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for our shareholders to effect service on these persons or bring an action against us or against these individuals in the Cayman Islands or in Hong Kong in the event that they believe that their rights have been infringed under the securities laws of the United States or otherwise. Even if shareholders are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and Hong Kong may render them unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our Amended Memorandum and Articles, the Companies Act and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have the standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States.

Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records (other than the memorandum and articles of association and any special resolutions passed by such companies, and the register of mortgage and charges of such companies) or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors have discretion under the Amended Memorandum and Articles to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.

Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, differ significantly from requirements for companies incorporated in other jurisdictions such as the United States. To the extent we choose to follow home country practice with respect to corporate governance matters, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under rules and regulations applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.

As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States. For a discussion of significant differences between the provisions the Companies Act and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders, please refer to the section titled “Description of Ordinary Shares – Material Differences in Cayman Islands Law and our Memorandum and Articles of Association and Delaware Law”.

It may be difficult to enforce a judgment of U.S. courts for civil liabilities under U.S. federal securities laws against us, our directors or officers in the Cayman Islands and Hong Kong.

We have been advised by our Cayman Islands legal counsel that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands would:

There is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the U.S., however, the courts of the Cayman Islands will in certain circumstances recognize and enforce a foreign judgment without any re-examination or re-litigation of matters adjudicated upon, provided such judgment:

Subject to the above limitations, in appropriate circumstances, a Cayman Islands court may give effect in the Cayman Islands to other kinds of final foreign judgments such as declaratory orders, orders for performance of contracts and injunctions.

David Fong & Co., our counsel to Hong Kong law, have advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Hong Kong would (i) recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States or (ii) entertain original actions brought in Hong Kong against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

Our Hong Kong counsel also advised us that in Hong Kong, foreign judgments can be enforced under statute under the Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Ordinance or under common law. The Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Ordinance is a registration scheme for the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments based on reciprocity but the United States is not a designated country under the Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Ordinance. As a result, a judgment rendered by a court in the United States, including as a result of administrative actions brought by regulatory authorities, such as the SEC, and other actions, will not be enforced by the Hong Kong courts under the statutory regime. In addition, the Supreme People’s Court of the PRC and the Government of Hong Kong have entered into the “Arrangement on Reciprocal Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters by the Courts of the Mainland and of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region pursuant to Choice of Court Agreements between Parties Concerned,” or the Arrangement. The Mainland Judgements (Reciprocal Enforcement) Ordinance gave effect to the Arrangement and is a registration scheme for recognition and enforcement of PRC judgements based on reciprocity. Other than the Arrangement, Hong Kong has not entered into any multilateral convention or bilateral treaty regarding the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. Accordingly, any judgments rendered by a court in the United States will need to be enforced under common law. In order to enforce a foreign judgment under common law in Hong Kong, the judgment must meet certain criteria before it can be enforced, such as the judgment being final and conclusive.

We employ a mail forwarding service, which may delay or disrupt our ability to receive mail in a timely manner.

Mail addressed to the Company and received at its registered office will be forwarded unopened to the forwarding address supplied by Company to be dealt with. None of the Company, its directors, officers, advisors or service providers (including the organization which provides registered office services in the Cayman Islands) will bear any responsibility for any delay howsoever caused in mail reaching the forwarding address. If such mail is delayed, it may impair your ability to communicate with us.

We could become a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, which could subject United States investors in our shares to significant adverse United States income tax consequences.

We will be a “passive foreign investment company,” or “PFIC,” if, in any particular taxable year, either (a) 75% or more of our gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income or (b) 50% or more of the average quarterly value of our assets (as determined on the basis of fair market value) during such year produce or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). In determining whether we are a PFIC, we are permitted to take into account the assets and income of our Operating Subsidiaries because we own 100% of their stock. However, even if we take into account the assets and income of our Operating Subsidiaries, we may still be considered a PFIC in 2023 and possibly later years, depending on a number of factors, including the composition of our income and assets, how quickly we use our liquid assets, including the cash raised pursuant to this offering (if we determine not to, or are unable to, deploy significant amounts of cash for active purposes our risk of being a PFIC will substantially increase), the market price of our Ordinary Shares, and fluctuations in that price. Because there are uncertainties in the application of the relevant rules and PFIC status is a factual determination made annually after the close of each taxable year, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for 2023 or any future taxable year. Please refer to the paragraph titled “Taxation – United States Federal Income Taxation”.

If we are a PFIC in any taxable year, a U.S. holder may incur significantly increased United States income tax on gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of the Ordinary Shares and on the receipt of distributions on the Ordinary Shares to the extent such gain or distribution is treated as an “excess distribution” under the United States federal income tax rules. A U.S. holder may also be subject to burdensome reporting requirements. Further, if we are a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. holder holds our Ordinary Shares, we generally will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to that U.S. Holder for all succeeding years during which such U.S. holder holds our Ordinary Shares. Please refer to the paragraph titled “Taxation – United States Federal Income Taxation”.

We do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future after this Offering. You must rely on price appreciation of the Ordinary Shares for return on your investment.

We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings after this offering to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Please refer to the section titled “Dividend Policy.” Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in the Ordinary Shares as a source for any future dividend income.

Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our board of directors. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our Company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if we decide to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in the Ordinary Shares will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of the Ordinary Shares. There is no guarantee that the Ordinary Shares will appreciate in value after this offering or even maintain the price at which you purchased the Ordinary Shares. You may not realize a return on your investment in the Ordinary Shares and you may even lose your entire investment in the Ordinary Shares.

New climate-related disclosure obligations in proposed SEC rule amendments could have uncertain impacts on our business, impose additional reporting obligations on us, and increase our costs.

In March 2022, the SEC proposed rule amendments that would implement a framework for the reporting of climate-related risks and create a wide range of new climate-related disclosure obligations for all registrants, including us. The proposed rules would require us to include certain climate-related information in registration statements and annual reports, including (i) climate-related risks and their actual or likely material impacts on our business, strategy, and outlook; (ii) our governance of climate-related risks and relevant risk management processes; (iii) information on our greenhouse gas emissions; (iv) certain climate-related financial statement metrics and related disclosures in a note to our audited financial statements; and (v) information about our climate-related targets, goals, and transition plans.

The proposed rules remain open to public comment and may be subject to challenges and litigation. Thus, the ultimate scope and impact of the proposed rules on our business remain uncertain. To the extent new rules, if finalized, impose additional reporting obligations on us, we could face substantial increased costs. Separately, the SEC has also announced that it is scrutinizing climate-change related disclosures in public filings, increasing the potential for enforcement if the SEC were to allege that our existing climate disclosures are misleading or deficient.

We are subject to changing law and regulations regarding regulatory matters, corporate governance and public disclosure that have increased both our costs and the risk of non-compliance.

We are subject to rules and regulations by various governing bodies, including, for example, the Securities and Exchange Commission, which are charged with the protection of investors and the oversight of companies whose securities are publicly traded, and to new and evolving regulatory measures under applicable law, including the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our efforts to comply with new and changing laws and regulations have resulted in and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.

Moreover, because these laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance becomes available. This evolution may result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and additional costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to our disclosure and governance practices. If we fail to address and comply with these regulations and any subsequent changes, we may be subject to penalty and our business may be harmed.

The sale or availability for sale of substantial amounts of our Ordinary Shares, including the Ordinary Shares that are being registered concurrently for resale by the Selling Shareholder, could adversely affect their market price.

Sales of substantial amounts of our Ordinary Shares in the public market after the completion of this offering and from the sale of shares held by the Selling Shareholder, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our shares and could materially impair our ability to raise capital through equity offerings in the future. As of the date of this prospectus, we have 11,250,000 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding. The Ordinary Shares sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, and Ordinary Shares held by our existing shareholders may also be sold in the public market in the future subject to the restrictions in Rule 144 and Rule 701 under the Securities Act and applicable lock-up agreements. There will be 12,750,000 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding immediately after this offering, assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase additional Ordinary Shares. See “Underwriting” and “Shares Eligible for Future Sale” for a more detailed description of the restrictions on selling our securities after this offering.

There may be substantial sales of our Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholder after the effective date of this registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, which could have a material adverse effect on the price of our Ordinary Shares after this offering.

The registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part also registers on behalf of the Selling Shareholder an aggregate of 500,000 Ordinary Shares previously issued by us. There are currently no agreements or understandings in place with the Selling Shareholder to restrict the sale of the Ordinary Shares to be offered by the Selling Shareholder after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Sales of a substantial number of our 11,250,000 currently issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholder at such time could cause the market price of our Ordinary Shares to decrease (possibly below the initial public offering price of the Ordinary Shares in this offering) and could impair our ability to raise capital in the future by selling additional Company securities.

INDUSTRY DATA AND FORECAST

All the information and data presented in this section has been derived from Frost & Sullivan Limited (“Frost & Sullivan”)’s industry report commissioned by us entitled “The Interconnect Product Market Independent Market Research” (the “Frost & Sullivan Report”) unless otherwise noted. Frost & Sullivan has advised us that the statistical and graphical information contained herein is drawn from its database and other sources. The following discussion contains projections for future growth, which may not occur at the rates that are projected or at all.

OVERVIEW OF HONG KONG WET TRADES WORKS MARKET

Definition and Classification

Wet trades works is defined as a subset of fitting-out works. In Hong Kong, wet trades work generally involves the use of dry construction materials mixed with water. Common scope of wet trades works includes plastering, brickwork, wall and floor tiling, painting and decoration, floor screeding and marble works. Wet trades contractors may also provide wet trades related ancillary services such as cleaning, smoothing platform, applying sealant, and washed granolithic screed, on-site logistics services, etc. The demand for wet trades works is associated with construction, renovation, maintenance, addition, and alteration of buildings in mainly residential (e.g., private residential buildings and public housing) and commercial segments (e.g., hotel, office buildings, retail stores and shopping malls), as well as industrial buildings, government buildings, community facilities transportation and public infrastructure and so on.

Wet trades works are carried out in a wide variety of buildings and facilities in Hong Kong, which includes residential buildings, commercial buildings, industrial buildings, government buildings and community facilities. Below sets out the common scope of wet trades works:

Value Chain

Typically, main contractors are responsible for supervising the overall progress and quality of the construction project, monitoring the daily operation of the construction site, and coordinating subcontractors to carry out construction works. Main contractors would subcontract some of the construction works to subcontractors because (i) labor intensive works such as wet trades works are subcontracted to subcontractors for the supply of sufficient direct labor as main contractors generally only hire a small number of direct labor on a permanent basis to control cost; and (ii) subcontractors often possess the necessary experience and expertise in performing specific areas of tasks and it is generally more cost effective to subcontract different parts of construction works to different subcontractors which are specialized in the field of expertise.

Wet trades subcontractors generally work with main contractors and are mainly responsible for managing wet trades workers, coordinating subcontractors, and supervising the progress and quality of wet trades works. It is common in the wet trades works industry that the works are subcontracted to different subcontractors. These subcontractors include direct labor and are commonly engaged on a project-by-project basis, given the fact that hiring a pool of workers for different trades of works under permanent agreement can be costly. There may be occasions where the main contractors supply certain tooling and miscellaneous services to their wet trade’s subcontractors for the use under the same projects and subsequently deduct such amounts in the relevant payment certificates issued to the wet trade’s subcontractors.

Source: The Frost & Sullivan Report

Market Size of Wet Trades Works in Hong Kong

Driven by the rising housing supply and continuous expansion of the commercial segment, including offices and hotels, and the residential segment, the gross value of wet trades works in Hong Kong increased from approximately HK$9,574.9 million (approximately US$1,227.6 million) in 2016 to approximately HK$11,335.2 million (approximately US$1,453.2 million) in 2021, representing a CAGR of 3.4%. The drop of gross value of wet trades works in 2020 was mainly due to the outbreak of COVID-19 which led to economic downturn and further disrupted the construction industry in Hong Kong.

As set out in the 2021 Policy Address by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong, the Government targets to increase the overall supply of transitional housing in the coming few years, and the launch of the Northern Metropolis Development Strategy contributes to the growth of the new towns, new development areas and development nodes. Together with other supportive government policies and expedited urban renewal, the gross value of wet trades works is expected to increase from HK$12,103.1 million (approximately US$,1551.7 million) in 2022 to approximately HK$15,609.3 million (approximately US$2,001.2 million) in 2026.

Note: The gross value of wet trades works refers to the revenue of the wet trades works industry in nominal term performed by main contractors and subcontractors in construction sites, and is indicative for the revenue of wet trades works contractors involved.

Source: The Frost & Sullivan Report

Market Size of Wet Trades Works in Hong Kong (Breakdown by Sector)

The private sector contributes to most of the total gross value of wet trades works in Hong Kong. During 2016 to 2021, primarily owing to the rising housing supply and the establishment of various sizeable real estate properties in Kowloon City and Sai Kung, the gross value of wet trade works in the private sector increased from approximately HK$5,992.6 million (approximately US$768.3 million) in 2016 to approximately HK$6,982.5 million (approximately US$895.2 million) in 2021, representing a CAGR of approximately 3.1%, On the other hand, the urban development in Tuen Mun and Kwun Tong has also created the demand for wet trade works. During the same period, the actual public housing units recorded the growth. Accordingly, the gross value of wet trade works in public sector increased from approximately HK$3,582.3 million (approximately US$459.3 million) in 2016 to approximately HK$4,352.7 million (approximately US$558.0 million) in 2021, at a CAGR of approximately 4.0%.

The rising housing supply would serve as the driver to the wet trade works market in Hong Kong. As set out in the release of the “Hong Kong 2030: Planning Vision and Strategy”, the construction of North East New Territories New Development Areas (NDAs) in Kwu Tung North, Fanling North and Ping Che which is expected to accommodate more than 50,000 household residential units in both public and private sectors. Growing along with several private residential properties expected to complete in Ho Man Tin and Cheung Sha Wan, such as the development at Ho Man Tin MTR Station and Hing Wah Street West, in the coming years, the gross value of wet trades works in the private sector is anticipated to grow from 2022 to 2026 at a CAGR of approximately 7.0%, reaching approximately HK$9,865.1 million (approximately US$1,264.8 million) in 2026. Driven by the Long Term Housing Strategy (LTHS) issued in 2020 with total public housing units target for the ten-year period from 2021–22 to 2030–31 of approximately 301,000 units and the continuous investment by the Government in infrastructure with an estimated annual expenditure of over HK$100 billion (approximately US$12.8 billion) on average in the next few years, as proposed by the Chief Executive in the 2020 Policy Address, the gross value of wet trades works in the public sector is expected to grow from approximately HK$4,575.0 million (approximately US$586.5 million) in 2022 to approximately HK$5,744.2 million (approximately US$736.5 million) in 2026, representing a CAGR of approximately 5.9%.

Source: The Frost & Sullivan Report

Market Drivers and Opportunities

Continuous housing supply in Hong Kong: The development of the wet trades market is highly associated with the constructions of buildings and infrastructures. In particular, the gross value of wet trade works in residential buildings segment accounted for over 60% of total gross value of wet trades works in 2021. As set out in the 2021 Policy Address by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong, the Government targets to increase the overall supply of transitional housing to 20 000 units in the coming few years by providing 5 000 additional units, and increase the amount of funding under the relevant funding scheme to HK$11.6 billion (approximately US$1.49 billion). On the other hand, the Northern Metropolis Development Strategy was released by the Government in 2021, covering two district administration areas including Yuen Long District and North District, encompassing mature new towns, new development areas and development nodes, with a total land area of about 300 square kilometers to be developed into an area with highly concentrated residential units, working population and enterprises. Further, the Hong Kong government has issued different policies to drive the housing supply, namely the “Land Sharing Pilot Scheme” addressed in 2020 Policy Address which seeks to unleash the development potential of privately owned agricultural lots for both public and private housing development through public-private partnership; the deployment of “Task Force on Land Supply” which identified some 210 potential sites with 3,235 hectare of land for housing purposes that would provide more than 330,000 of a combination of public and private residential units in the upcoming ten years in Hong Kong, including sites such as the East Lantau Metropolis, periphery of country parks, reclaimed lands, and multiple brownfields. For private sector, the 2022-23 Budget envisaged an estimated average annual production of about 19,000 units in the upcoming five years from 2022 to 2026, substantially greater than the average production of about 17,000 units in the past five years from 2016 to 2021. In turn the demand for construction works and wet trade works would be propelled continuously.

Urban renewal projects: The HK Government launched the Mandatory Building Inspection Scheme (MBIS) since 2012 and owners of buildings aged 30 years or above and served with statutory notices, are required to carry out the prescribed inspection. According to the Urban Renewal Authority, there will be 326,000 private housing units aged 70 or above by 2046 and there is an urgent need to step up the rejuvenation of dilapidated urban areas, especially for those located at densely-built urban core, such as Sham Shui Po and Kowloon City. As stated in the Annual Report 2019-20 of Urban Renewal Authority (URA), there were more than 10,000 buildings in Hong Kong aged 50 years or above, and the number is forecasted to reach 28,000 by 2046. Further, with a view to safeguarding public safety, the Chief Executive announced in the “2017 Policy Address” to earmark HK$3 billion (approximately US$0.38 billion) and partnered with the Urban Renewal Authority to implement Operation Building Bright assisting them to act in compliance with the requirements under the MBIS. Wet trade works as an essential construction process, the continuous urban renewal project is expected to drive respective demand.

Heightened industry standards and customer requirement: Attributable to rising living standard and increasing level of disposable income of Hong Kong citizens, downstream property developer is inclined to expect higher durability of buildings and facilities with minimum defects, future maintenance costs and hassle, which is expected to set a higher standard on the quality of materials, working process and craftsmanship of wet trades works. As property developers are looking to heighten the standard of respective properties in order to enhance competitiveness, demand for quality wet trades works has thus increased in order to fulfil the interior design and inspection requirement. With the higher demand for interior environment of residential flats and commercial buildings, including the texture, color and materials used in the design, as well as the use of fixtures, furniture and other accessories, quality of works is becoming the key focus of competition in wet trade works industry. Therefore, well-established wet trades work contractors with quality of works are preferred by property developers and main contractors.

Expedite development of commercial area: According to the Rating and Valuation Department of Hong Kong, the number of sale and purchase agreements of commercial units has increased from 1,520 units to 2,189 units during 2016 to 2021 and the total consideration of offices and commercial units increased from HK$24.5 billion (approximately US$3.16 billion) to HK$42.0 billion (approximately US$5.38 billion). With the enhanced accessibility and infrastructural development and support in areas, such as Kowloon East and Island East, rapid expansion and wet trades works are constantly required in these areas. Regarding Hong Kong government policy, 8 sites will be put up for sale and development of commercial buildings under the Land Sale Programme during 2020 to 2022. Several hotels and shopping malls are planning to upgrade in view of the market dynamics. The expanding commercial activities, development of new business district, residential and entertainment facilities will support the growth of wet trades market. Moreover, the continuous investment by the Government in infrastructure with an estimated annual expenditure of over HK$100 billion (approximately US$12.8 billion) on average in the next few years, as proposed by the Chief Executive in the 2020 Policy Address, will increase the demand for wet trades works

Market Trend and Outlook

Wider application of machinery and equipment: As specified in the “Designated Workers for Designated Skills” Provision under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance (CWRO), only registered skilled workers or semi-skilled workers of designated trade divisions are allowed to independently carry out construction works of related trade division on construction sites, which aims at improving the quality of construction works and workers. It is expected that using machinery and equipment such as plaster spray machine and floor screeding machine to replace labor will become one of the market trends in the future. It is increasingly common to replace manual operation with the use of plaster spray machines for wet trades projects involving plastering works to increase the productivity of workers and further enhance the quality of craftsmanship. The use of plaster spray machines enables workers to complete a larger coverage of plastering works as compared to relying on traditional manual works over the same duration of time.

Increasing training and revitalized manpower in the industry: To alleviate manpower shortage in construction industry, with the support of Development Bureau, the Construction Industry Council (“CIC”) launches the “Advanced Construction Manpower Training Scheme - Pilot Scheme (Structured On-the-job) to train up semi-skilled workers to become skilled workers. The CIC has also launched the Construction Industry Council Relief Fund – Multi-skills Training Scheme for Registered Workers to assist the underemployed or temporarily unemployed registered construction workers in acquiring new skills to enhance their competitiveness to prepare for further development in the industry. Labor in the wet trade works industry is expected to garner related skills continuously with increased productivity and efficiency.

Technology-driven operational model: Outlined in the Policy Address in 2021, the implementation of Construction 2.0, which include the wider use of I&T and Modular Integrated Construction, shall enhance the overall operational performance of various sector in the construction industry. In the wet trade industry, converting project specifications into visual graphics can facilitate design project better and conduce to better communication between stakeholders. Building Information Modelling works as a cutting-edge 3D modelling and visualization tool to efficiently handle design, tender, construction, and maintenance process, which is able highly reduce the risk for improper design due to onsite limitation. In the long run, the wet trades work industry is expected to grow towards the assimilation of technology throughout the design and build process The adoption of various technology tools is expected to streamline procedures, elevate operating efficiency, and propel sustainable business model for service providers.

Market Constraints and Challenges

Cyclical nature of construction industry: As a part of the construction industry, wet trades works market follows the cyclicality of the construction industry, which is generally considered to be highly related to macroeconomic conditions, government policies and business cycle. For example, in the event of an economic downturn, the tightened financial budgets and higher costs of financing may make project owners be more conservative in initiating new projects or investing more resources. Similarly, if there are signs of slowing down in land supply or development programs of the HK Government, the growth of wet trades works market in Hong Kong may be hindered.

Shortage of Labor and Increasing Labor Cost: According to the Construction Industry Council, labor engaged in the wet trade works industry in Hong Kong, including plasterer, bricklayer and concreter have all categorized into the list of shortage trades. Due to the aging population and higher requirements on skills and qualifications of workers, the wet trades market in Hong Kong has been facing serious problems of shortage of experienced and skilled labor. Therefore, in order to attract qualified workers, market participants may need to adopt measures including competitive remuneration packages, growth opportunities and flexible schedule. The increasing competition for talents will result in higher labor cost and pose a challenge to the growth of wet trades market.

Higher material cost: The price of raw material in the wet trade works industry has risen continuously. For example, prices of sand, Portland cement and concrete blocks have increased from 2016 to 2021, registering CAGRs of approximately 17.6%, 3.1% and 4.1%, respectively. Amongst all raw materials used in wet trades works, the average price of sand has increased the most, primarily due to the limited supply of river sand in the PRC. The inflation in material cost will result in higher expenditure of wet trades market participants, which may further negatively impact of profit margin.

Labor Cost Analysis

Generally, wet trades works required plasterer, marble worker, bricklayer, and concreter. According to Frost & Sullivan, the average daily wages of major wet trades workers, have increased from approximately HK$1,440.1 (approximately US$184.6) per day in 2016 to approximately HK$1,445.7 (approximately US$185.3) per day in 2021, representing a CAGR of 0.1%. The decrease of wage of wet trade works workers in 2018 was mainly due to increase of labor supply. For instance, as compared to 2017, the number of bricklayer and concreter increased by approximately 11.5% and 8.0% in 2018, respectively. In 2019, there was slight decrease in gross value of construction works in the private sector due to uncertainties including the developments of the US-China trade relations and the social movement in Hong Kong against the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill in 2019, which in turn led to the decrease in demand, and thus, the average daily wages of wet trade workers in Hong Kong. The average daily wages of wet trade workers increased from HK$1,415.4 (approximately US$181.5) in 2019 to HK$1,464.1 (approximately US$187.7) in 2020. Due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, some ongoing construction projects have been postponed, which led to temporary decrease in the demand for construction workers and the slowdown in growth of average daily wages of wet trade workers in 2021. The rise in the average daily wages of wet trades workers was principally due to the imbalance between the demand and supply of experienced construction workers available in the market and the labor shortage is very likely to continue in the future years, which the average daily wages of wet trades workers will grow at a CAGR of 2.2% during 2022 to 2026.

Note: the average daily wage of wet trades workers is calculated based on the average daily wages of plasterer, marble worker, bricklayer, and concreter.

Source: The Frost & Sullivan Report

Raw Material Cost Analysis

Portland cement, hydraulic lime, concrete blocks, aggregates, sand, paint and glazed ceramic wall tiles are major raw construction materials for wet trades works. The average prices of all the construction materials applied in wet trades works have shown an increasing trend in the past years. Amongst all the wet trades works materials, the average price of sand has significant growth, which increased at a CAGR of 17.6% from approximately HK$137.7 (approximately US$17.7) per metric tonne in 2016 to approximately HK$310.0 (approximately US$39.7) per metric tonne in 2021 due to the limited supply of river sand in the PRC. The rise in raw material costs was mainly attributable to the continuous construction works being carried out in Hong Kong, which has supported the demand for these construction materials, as well as limited supply of certain materials such as river sand. In the following years, the average prices of major construction materials in wet trade works are likely to climb up as the demand for such materials is expected to remain high due to the sustained construction projects commenced in Hong Kong.

Note: The average price of paint includes emulsion paint and acrylic paint, whereas that of glazed ceramic wall tiles include both white tiles and color tiles.

Source: The Frost & Sullivan Report

Competition Overview

The wet trades work market in Hong Kong is considered as fragmented in terms of number of market participants. According to Construction Industry Council, there were over 500 contractors registered under the trade specialties of “Finishing Wet Trades” by the end of 2021.

The Group is an established wet trade works subcontractor with a market share of approximately 0.4 % in 2021.

Entry Barriers

Capital requirement: Capital requirements serve as the barrier to the new entrants in the wet trade works market. In the wet trade works industry, a sufficient capital reserve is required for recruitment of workers, raw materials procurement as well as payment to workers. In addition, substantial amount of capital may be needed for the issuance of surety bond if required by customers. Market participants with sufficient capital are more likely to undertake sizable projects compared with those contractors without sufficient resources. Contractors without plants might lose in the competition and exit the market afterwards.

Proven track record and reputation: Proven track record is one of the key competitive factors in the wet trade works industry. Credible track record for quality of works, efficient division of labor, timely delivery within budget control are the critical metrics for the companies to perform wet trade works. Property developers and main contractors in Hong Kong prefer working with wet trade contractors who have proven track record. New entrants without sound reputation built on the past collaboration with the industry stakeholders and experience in delivering services would compromise a company’s overall competitiveness in the market.

Technical Knowhow: Technical knowledge is one the key barriers for new market entrants of wet trade works. Existing market participants generally have a strong understanding towards plastering works, tiles laying works, bricklaying, wall and floor tiling, painting and decoration, floor screeding and marble works in order to deliver quality services. With technical know-how. the performance of the existing players and their quality of works can be assured to meet quality standards. Comparatively, new market entrants without technical know-how and experienced management teams may be less competitive.

Factors of Competition

Subcontractors’ registration scheme: The Group is a registered finishing wet trades subcontractor under the Registered Specialist Trade Contractor Scheme (formerly known as the Subcontractors Registration Schemes), of the Construction Industry Council. The Registered Specialist Trade Contractor Scheme is introduced by the Construction Industry Council to build up a pool of capable and responsible subcontractors with specialized skills and strong professional ethics in building and engineering works. The major client organizations and contractors trade associations have pledged support for the Scheme. Main contractors are required to engage the registered subcontractors under the scheme for public sector projects and credits would be granted to the registered subcontractors in tendering process. The registration enables the subcontractors to further enhance recognition in track record, financial stability, and expertise in the industry, thus expanding business networks.

Established business relationship: In the wet trade industry, long established relationship with customer implies a better understanding of customers’ requirements and enable a better offering of customer services and saving the time and cost in coordination. By leveraging the good working relationship built on collaboration with industry stakeholders, time and cost could be greatly saved in the day-to-day operation. Further, a good relationship with suppliers of materials would help wet trade services providers maintain a competitive pricing and stable supply. As such, it would further enhance the execution capacity of the wet trades works contractors.

Wide Variety of Expertise: During wet trade works, variety of expertise are involved such as plastering, floor screeding and bricklaying. Given the high standard of specialized wet trades works, contractors with proven industry know-how have the competitive advantage in the wet trade works industry in Hong Kong. Moreover, extensive capacity is one of the most important criteria for selecting contractors during tendering process, which in turn increases the possibility of bidding large scale projects.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholder.

The Selling Shareholder will pay any underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses incurred by him for brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred by them in disposing of the Ordinary Shares. We will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the Ordinary Shares covered by this prospectus, including, without limitation, all registration and filing fees and fees and expenses of our counsel and our accountants.

DIVIDEND POLICY

For the years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, MS (HK) Engineering Limited declared dividend of HK$13,347,553 (approximately US$1,711,225), HK$20,000,000 (approximately US$2,564,103) and HK$10,000,000 (approximately US$1,282,051), respectively, to the then sole shareholder, Mr. Chi Ming Lam, which were used to offset the balance due from Mr. Chi Ming Lam. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings after this Offering to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Our board of directors has complete discretion in deciding whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain restrictions under Cayman Islands law, namely that our company may only pay dividends out of profits or share premium, and provided always that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our board of directors. Even if our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Please see the section entitled “Taxation” of this prospectus for information on the potential tax consequences of any cash dividends declared.

If we determine to pay dividends on any of our Ordinary Shares in the future, as a holding company, we will be dependent on receipt of funds from our British Virgin Islands subsidiary, MS (HK) Construction Engineering Limited, and our Hong Kong Operating Subsidiaries. There are no taxes on dividend income in Hong Kong and the British Virgin Islands.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes thereto and other financial information, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to various factors, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in these forward-looking statements. Further, a result of these factors, risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events may not occur. Relevant factors, risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Business”, “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s beliefs and opinions as of the date of this registration statement. We are not obligated to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

We are an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on August 2, 2022, as a holding company of our business, which is primarily operated through our indirectly wholly-owned Hong Kong Operating Subsidiaries, MS (HK) Engineering Limited and MS Engineering Co., Limited (the “Operating Subsidiaries”). Ming Shing Group Holdings Limited (the “Company”) is not a Hong Kong operating company but a Cayman Islands holding company with operations conducted by our Operating Subsidiaries in Hong Kong. We mainly engage in wet trades works, such as plastering works, tile laying works, brick laying works, floor screeding works, and marble works. To a much lesser extent, we also provide small-scale fitting out services, such as renovation works to our customers.

MS (HK) Engineering Limited and MS Engineering Co., Limited were founded in 2012 and 2019, respectively. In our operating history of approximately ten years, we have focused on providing wet trades works services in the role of subcontractor, and built up our expertise and track record in wet trades work. We have focused on the role of project management and supervision in carrying out our projects, and we have engaged subcontractors to perform substantial parts of the site works under our supervision. Typically, our major responsibilities in a project include (i) arranging site preparatory and preliminary works; (ii) engaging and supervising our subcontractors; (iii) monitoring the implementation of site works; (iv) conducting site safety supervision and quality control; and (v) developing a detailed work schedule and work allocation plan.

We, through our Operating Subsidiaries, are mainly engaged in private sector projects in Hong Kong. Thus far, our private sector projects have mainly involved private residential developments and commercial developments. The project owners of our private sector projects have generally been property developers, and our customers have generally been main contractors and wet trades works subcontractors engaged under such projects. To a lesser extent thus far, we have also been engaged in public sector projects in Hong Kong. Our public sector projects have mainly involved public residential developments as well as infrastructure and public facilities developments. The customers of our public sector projects have generally been main contractors engaged by Government departments and statutory bodies.

As of the date of this prospectus, MS (HK) Engineering Limited is a registered specialist trade contractor in the designated trade category of plastering (Group 2) under the Registered Specialist Trade Contractors Scheme of the Construction Industry Council. MS Engineering Co., Limited mainly specializes in providing wet trades works service such as plastering works, tile laying works and marble works in the role of subcontractor in private residential developments. Since MS Engineering Co., Limited focuses on the private sector projects, MS Engineering Co., Limited is not required to be and is not registered under the Registered Specialist Trade Contractors Scheme of the Construction Industry Council.

For the years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, total revenue was US$27,572,692, US$21,868,220 and US$14,383,980, respectively. For the year ended March 31, 2024, our gross profit and net income were US$5,093,079 and US$2,326,597, respectively, as compared to our gross profit and net income were US$3,494,548 and US$2,787,236, respectively, for the year ended March 31, 2023 and our gross profit and net income were US$2,628,869 and US$1,803,509, respectively, for the year ended March 31, 2022.

A reorganization of the Company (the “Reorganization”) was completed on December 5, 2022. On August 2, 2022, the Company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands and issued 1 ordinary share at par value of US$1 to Ogier Global Subscriber (Cayman) Limited. On August 17 2022, Ogier Global Subscriber (Cayman) Limited transferred 1 ordinary share to Mr. Chi Ming Lam and on the same day, the Company issued 49,999 ordinary shares at par value of US$1 to Mr. Chi Ming Lam. On August 17, 2022, MS (HK) Construction Engineering Limited (“MSC”) was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. On November 25, 2022, MSC entered into share exchange agreements with the Company and Mr. Chi Ming Lam. Pursuant to the share exchange agreements, the Company issued 11,249 ordinary shares at par value of US$1 to Mr. Chi Ming Lam in exchange of 100% ownership of MS (HK) Engineering Limited and MS Engineering Co., Limited via MSC. Upon completion of the above share exchange, MS (HK) Engineering Limited and MS Engineering Co., Limited became direct wholly-owned subsidiaries of MSC. On November 25, 2022, Mr. Chi Ming Lam proposed to surrender 49,999 shares to the Company for cancellation, and the Company approved the surrender and cancellation of such shares on the same day. On December 5, 2022, Mr. Chi Ming Lam, the then sole shareholder of our Company resolved and approved a subdivision of each of the issued and unissued shares with a par value of USD1 each into 2,000 shares with a par value of USD0.0005 each as part of the Company’s reorganization (the “Share Subdivision”). Subsequent to the Share Subdivision, the authorized share capital of the Company shall become USD50,000 divided into 100,000,000 ordinary shares with a par value of USD0.0005 each, of which 22,500,000 Ordinary Shares were held by Mr. Chi Ming Lam. Mr. Chi Ming Lam proposed to surrender 6,450,000 shares to the Company for cancellation, and the Company approved the surrender and cancellation of such shares on December 5, 2022. Mr. Chi Ming Lam proposed to surrender 2,925,000 shares to the Company for cancellation, and the Company approved the surrender and cancellation of such shares on June 2, 2023. Mr. Chi Ming Lam proposed to surrender 375,000 shares to the Company for cancellation, and the Company approved the surrender and cancellation of such shares on June 12, 2023. Mr. Chi Ming Lam proposed to surrender 1,500,000 shares to the Company for cancellation, and the Company approved the surrender and cancellation of such shares on June 15, 2023. Subsequently, Mr. Chi Ming Lam holds 11,250,000 Ordinary Shares of the Company with a par value of USD0.0005.

During the years presented in these financial statements, the control of the entities has never changed (always under the control of Chi Ming Lam). Accordingly, the combination has been treated as a corporate restructuring (reorganization) of entities under common control and thus the current capital structure has been retroactively presented in prior periods as if such structure existed at that time and in accordance with ASC 805-50-45-5, the entities under common control are presented on a combined basis for all periods to which such entities were under common control. Since all of the subsidiaries were under common control for years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, except for MS Engineering Co., Limited which was under common control starting from October 20, 2021. The results of the subsidiaries are included in the financial statements for both periods and MS Engineering Co., Limited starting from October 20, 2021.

Our principal growth strategies are to further strengthen our market position, increase our market share, and capture the growth in the Hong Kong wet trades works industry. We intend to achieve our business objectives by expanding our scale of operation through our intended effort in actively seeking opportunities in undertaking additional wet trades works projects, from both our existing and potential new customers, on top of our present scale of operation and our current projects on hand. To achieve these goals, we plan to implement the following strategies:

Enhance competitiveness and expanding our market share

We believe that we should focus on deploying our resources towards competing for additional and more sizeable wet trades works projects in Hong Kong. However, the number of projects that can be executed by us concurrently at any given time is constrained by our then available resources, including availability of our manpower and working capital. We plan to enhance our competitiveness by strengthening our manpower and working capital in order to capture the potential opportunities in the growing wet trades works market.

Acquiring additional equipment

We generally deploy equipment owned by us for use by our subcontractors in our projects. We believe that it is crucial for us to enhance our set of equipment in order to best equip our employees and our subcontractors enabling them to carry out their work. We believe that a larger set of equipment will allow us to (i) improve our overall work efficiency and technical capability; and (ii) enhance our flexibility to deploy our resources more efficiently.

Enhancing our brand

We secured our new business through direct invitations for tenders by customers. We believe that we can broaden our customer base and attract more invitations from potential customers by increasing our marketing efforts to promote our brand and market presence in the wet trades works industry in Hong Kong.

Our planned marketing efforts include (i) setting up dedicated web pages for advertising our services; (ii) placing advertisements in industry publications; (iii) sponsoring business events and charity functions organized by property developers and construction contractors; (iv) sending promotional booklets and other promotional materials for advertising our services; and (v) approaching potential customers more actively to secure new business opportunities for our wet trades works services.

Key Factors that Affect Operating Results

We believe the following key factors may affect our financial condition and results of operations:

Non-recurrent nature of our projects

Our revenue is typically derived from projects which are non-recurrent in nature and our customers are under no obligation to award projects to us. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we secured new businesses mainly through invitation for tender by customers. There is no assurance that we will be able to secure new contracts in the future. Accordingly, the number and scale of projects and the amount of revenue we are able to derive therefrom may vary significantly from period to period, and it may be difficult to forecast the volume of future business. In the event that we fail to secure new contracts or there is a significant decrease in the number of tender invitations or contracts available for bidding in the future, our business, financial position and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

Performance and availability of our subcontractors

We focus on the role of project management and supervision in carrying out our projects and we generally engage subcontractors to perform part of the site works under our supervision. In order to control and ensure the quality and progress of the works of our subcontractors, we select subcontractors based on their quality of services, qualifications, skills and technique, prevailing market price, delivery time, availability of resources in accommodating our requests, and reputation. There is no assurance that the work quality of our subcontractors can always meet our requirements. We may be affected by the non-performance, inappropriate, or poor quality of works rendered by our subcontractors. Such events could impact upon our profitability, financial performance, and reputation. In addition, there is no assurance that we will always be able to secure services from suitable subcontractors when required, or be able to negotiate favorable fees and terms of service with subcontractors. In such events, our operation and financial position may be adversely affected.

In the event that our subcontractors fail to follow the safety guidelines and other requirements imposed by our customers, we may be liable to pay to our customers the expenses and penalties incurred by them. Although we are entitled to be compensated by our subcontractors in relation to such penalties under the subcontracting agreement, we may not be able to claim from such subcontractors in order to maintain a stable relationship with our major subcontractors. In such event, we may be subject to additional costs and penalties incurred by our subcontractors in relation to their failure to comply with the safety procedures and other requirements imposed by our customers.

Estimation of project costs

When determining our tender price, our management would estimate the time and costs involved in a project taking into account (i) the scope of works; (ii) the price trend for the types of subcontracting services as well as materials required; (iii) the complexity and the location of the project; (iv) the estimated number and types of equipment required; (v) the completion time requested by customers; and (vi) the availability of our labor and financial resources.

There is no assurance that the actual amount of time and costs incurred during the performance of our projects would not exceed our estimation. The actual amount of time and costs incurred in completing a project may be adversely affected by many factors, including unforeseen site conditions, adverse weather conditions, accidents, non-performance by our subcontractors, unexpected significant increase in costs of materials agreed to be borne by us, unexpected increase in the amount of rectification works requested by our customers and other unforeseen problems and circumstances. Any material inaccurate estimation in the time and costs involved in a project may give rise to delays in completion of works and/or cost overruns, which in turn may materially and adversely affect our financial condition, profitability, and liquidity. We typically bear the risk of delays and cost overruns in our projects and we are generally unable to pass these costs to our customers.

We are exposed to risks of general economic downturn and deteriorating market conditions, such as Sino-U.S. trade conflicts

As our business and operations are based in Hong Kong, our business growth is primarily dependent upon the economy and market condition in Hong Kong and the PRC. The market conditions are directly affected by, among other things, the global and local political and economic environments, such as uncertainties about the Sino-U.S. trade conflicts. Any sudden downturn in the general economic environment or change to political environment in Hong Kong and the PRC beyond our control may adversely affect the financial market sentiment in general. Severe fluctuations in market and economic sentiments may also lead to a prolonged period of slowdowns in the real estate and construction industries. As such, our revenue and profitability may fluctuate and we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our historical financial performance in times of difficult or unstable economic conditions.

Basis of Presentation

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and pursuant to the regulations of SEC. They include the financial statements of our Company and our subsidiaries. All transactions and balances among these entities have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Please also refer to the crucial accounting policies, judgments and estimates adopted by our Company discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using the vest information available. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, and the impact of such differences may be material to our consolidated financial statements.

Critical accounting policies are those policies that, in management’s view, are the most important in the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations. The notes to the consolidated financial statements also include disclosure of significant accounting policies. The methods, estimates and judgments that we use in applying our accounting policies have a significant impact on the results that we report in our consolidated financial statements. These critical accounting policies require us to make difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates regarding matters that are inherently uncertain. Those critical accounting policies and estimates that require the most significant judgment are discussed further below.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes contract revenue over time, as performance obligations are satisfied, due to the continuous transfer of control to the customer in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company adopted output method using construction works delivered as this method best represents the measure of progress against the performance obligations incorporated within the contractual agreements.

However, the nature of the Company’s contracts gives rise to several types of variable consideration from the changes in job performance, job conditions and estimated profitability, including those changes arising from unpriced change orders and claims, liquidated damages and penalties and final contract settlements.

Change orders may include changes in specifications or designs, manner of performance, facilities, equipment, materials, sites and period of completion of the work. Either we or our customers may initiate change orders. We consider unapproved change orders to be contract variations for which we have initiated a change of scope which we believe we are contractually entitled to a certain price, but where a price change associated with such change of scope has not yet been agreed upon with our customer. The Company recognizes revenue for variable consideration when it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. The Company estimates the amount of revenue to be recognized on variable consideration using the expected value (i.e., the sum of a probability-weighted amount) or the most likely amount method, whichever is expected to better predict the amount. Change orders that are unapproved as to both price and scope are evaluated as claims. We consider claims to be amounts in excess of agreed contract prices that we seek to collect from our customers or others for customer-caused delays, errors in specifications and designs, contract terminations, change orders that are either in dispute or are unapproved as to both scope and price, or other causes of unanticipated additional contract costs. The Company mainly considers the change orders as the contract modification. And the Company accounted for the contract modification as if it were a part of the existing contract as the remaining services are not distinct and, therefore, form part of a single performance obligation that is partially satisfied at the date of the contract modification.

Upon completion and final acceptance of the services that we were contracted to perform, we receive our final payment upon completion of the necessary contract closing documents. The accuracy of our revenue recognition in a given period depends on the accuracy of our estimates of the revenues and costs to finish uncompleted contracts. The management reviews and revises the estimates of both contract revenue and costs for the construction services as the contract progresses, because of the nature of the activity undertaken in construction contracts, the date at which the contract activity is entered into and the date when the activity is completed usually fall into different accounting period and actual cost or revenue may be higher or lower than estimated at the end of the reporting period, which could affect the revenue and profit recognized in future years as an adjustment to the amounts recorded to date. The Group reviews and revises the estimates of contract revenue, contract costs and change orders prepared for each construction contract as the contract progresses regularly.

Provision of expected credit loss allowance for accounts receivable and contract assets

The allowance for credit losses consists of the allowance for credit losses and the allowance for losses on unfunded commitments. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) — Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” using the modified retrospective approach for accounts receivable and contract assets. The approach requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures). It removes the incurred loss approach’s threshold that delayed the recognition of a credit loss until it was ‘‘probable” that a loss event was ‘‘incurred.’’ The estimate of expected credit losses under the approach is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Historical loss experience is generally the starting point for estimating expected credit losses, then considers whether the historical loss experience should be adjusted for asset-specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date that did not exist over the period from which historical experience was used. Finally, the Group considers forecasts about future economic conditions that are reasonable and supportable.

The Group considers the accounting policy relating to the allowance for credit losses to be a critical accounting estimate given the uncertainty in evaluating the level of the allowance required to cover the Group’s estimate of all expected credit losses over the expected contractual life of our accounts receivable and contract assets. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Subsequent evaluations of the then-existing accounts receivable and contract assets, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance for credit losses in those future periods. The impact of utilizing the approach to calculate the reserve for credit losses will be significantly influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of our accounts receivable and contract assets, as well as the prevailing economic conditions and forecasts utilized. Material changes to these and other relevant factors may result in greater volatility to the reserve for credit losses, and therefore, greater volatility to our reported earnings.

The Group adopted the probability of default and loss given default methods for estimating expected credit losses because it can reflect the Group’s expectation of the recoverability of accounts receivable and contract assets at each of the reporting period. The management makes reference to (i) the research by Moody’s and data of Bloomberg for average cumulative default probability rate of the debtors, and (ii) 2024 Annual default study, Moody’s for the weighted average default rates. In addition, the rates have been adjusted for forward-looking factors by taking into account any observable change in future economic conditions, events and environment. The management assumes historical loss pattern does not vary significantly across the customer groups and there is no expectation of such changes over the expected collection period of the receivables outstanding at the period end.

Summary of Results of Operations

Comparison of Years Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations for the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

Revenue

Our revenue was US$27,572,692 for the year ended March 31, 2024 as compared to US$21,868,220 for the year ended March 31, 2023, representing an increase of US$5,704,472, or 26.1%. The increase in our revenue was mainly driven by the number of our projects contributed revenue increased from 20 for the year ended March 31, 2023 to 23 for the year ended March 31, 2024.

We secured our new business through direct invitations for tenders from customers and we receive, from time to time, invitations to submit tenders from construction contractors. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we submitted 17 and 33 tenders to our potential customers respectively, and our tender success rate was approximately 21.4% and 21.2% for the respective year. We believe that our proven track record of quality works, our expertise in wet trades operations and our ability to deliver work on time are the crucial factors that enable us to gain our customers’ trust and give us a competitive edge when tendering for projects. Our stable tender success rate demonstrates our competitiveness in the Hong Kong wet trades works industry and the satisfaction of our customers with our services.

The following table sets forth the breakdown of our revenue by sector for the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

Our revenue from public sector projects was US$11,488,228 for the year ended March 31, 2024 as compared to US$6,307,454 for the year ended March 31, 2023, representing an increase of approximately US$5,180,774, or approximately 82.1%. The increase in revenue from our public sector projects was mainly attributable to the increase in the amount of works performed by our Group in three ongoing sizable public sector projects during the year ended March 31, 2024. The revenue generated from such projects was approximately US$11,060,690 for the year ended March 31, 2024 as compared to US$5,810,379 for the year ended March 31, 2023. The increase in revenue from public sector projects was mainly attributable to the number of our public sector projects increased from 3 for the year ended March 31, 2023 to 7 for the year ended March 31, 2024.

Our revenue from private sector projects was US$16,084,464 for the year ended March 31, 2024 as compared to US$15,560,766 for the year ended March 31, 2023, representing an increase of approximately US$523,698, or approximately 3.4%. The increase in revenue from private sector projects was mainly attributable to the number of our private sector projects increased from 14 for the year ended March 31, 2023 to 16 for the year ended March 31, 2024.

Cost of revenue

The following table sets forth the breakdown of our cost of revenue for the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

Our cost of revenue, primarily consist of subcontracting costs, materials costs, direct labor costs and overhead costs such as depreciation of equipment that are directly attributable to services provided. We incurred cost of revenue of US$22,479,613 for the year ended March 31, 2024, as compared to US$18,373,672 for the year ended March 31, 2023, representing an increase of approximately US$4,105,941, or approximately 22.3%. The increase was generally in line with the increase in revenue while the decrease in material costs for the year ended March 31, 2024 was mainly attributable to certain projects that required the Group to purchase more materials during the year ended March 31, 2023.

Gross profit and gross profit margin

Our total gross profit was US$5,093,079 for the year ended March 31, 2024, as compared to US$3,494,548 for the year ended March 31, 2023, an increase of US$1,598,531, or 45.7%. The increase in total gross profit was mainly attributable to the increase in revenue for the year ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2023 as discussed above. Our total gross profit margin remained relatively stable at 18.5% for the year ended March 31, 2024 and 16.0% for the year ended March 31, 2023.

Our gross profit and gross profit margin by project sector is summarized as follows:

Our gross profit from public sector projects was US$956,115 for the year ended March 31, 2024, as compared to US$2,357,065 for the year ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of US$1,400,950, or -59.4%. The decrease in gross profit was mainly attributable to the decrease in gross profit margin from public sector projects despite the increase in revenue from public sector projects. Our gross profit margin from public sector projects decreased from 37.4% for the year ended March 31, 2023 to 8.0% for the year ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in gross profit and gross profit margin from public sector projects was mainly because we incurred higher costs for one of our sizable public sector projects when performing rectification and related works as requested by the customers for this project during the year ended March 31, 2024.

Our gross profit from private sector projects was US$4,136,964 for the year ended March 31, 2024, as compared to US$1,137,483 for the year ended March 31, 2023, an increase of US$2,999,481, or 263.7%. The increase in gross profit was mainly attributable to the increase in gross profit margin from private sector projects. Our gross profit margin from private sector projects increased from 7.3% for the year ended March 31, 2023 to 25.7% for the year ended March 31, 2024, which was mainly due to one of our sizable private sector projects that commenced in November 2022 recorded higher gross profit by full year impact. Such project was with tight schedule and incurred certain additional works, and we had set a higher pricing and recorded a relatively higher profit margin for the year ended March 31, 2024.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses mainly consist of administrative staff cost, motor vehicle expenses, office supplies and maintenance expenses, legal and professional fees, change of credit loss allowances and other miscellaneous administrative expenses. We incurred general and administrative expenses of US$1,846,753 for the year ended March 31, 2024, as compared to US$855,597 for the year ended March 31, 2023, an increase of US$991,156, or 115.8%. The increase was mainly due to the increase in our staff costs, professional and legal expenses, debt collection fee and site administrative expenses.

Other income (expense)

Other income (expense) mainly included interest expense and other income.

We incurred interest expense of US$286,090 for the year ended March 31, 2024, as compared to US$179,986 for the year ended March 31, 2023, an increase of US$106,104, or 59.0%. The increase was mainly due to the increase in our bank borrowings during the year ended March 31, 2024.

Other income mainly represents the government grants received by the Group and other miscellaneous income. We received government grants of nil for the year ended March 31, 2024, as compared to US$772,505 for the year ended March 31, 2023. The government grants for the year ended March 31, 2023 mainly included the Employment Support Scheme under Anti-Epidemic Fund, which represented the wage subsidy granted to our Group for the use of paying wages and Mandatory Provident Fund of regular employees from May 2022 to July 2022. These government grants were designed to be relief measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and are non-recurring in nature.

Income tax expense

Our company, Ming Shing Group Holdings Limited, was incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Our wholly owned subsidiary, MS (HK) Construction Engineering Limited, was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Pursuant to the current rules and regulations, the Cayman Islands and British Virgin Islands currently levy no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciations and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. Therefore, the Company is not subject to any income tax in the Cayman Islands or British Virgin Islands.

Our two indirectly wholly-owned subsidiaries, MS (HK) Engineering Limited and MS Engineering Co., Limited, are subject to income tax within Hong Kong at the applicable tax rate on taxable income. Hong Kong profit tax rates are 8.25% on assessable profits up to HK$2,000,000 (US$256,410), and 16.5% on any part of assessable profits over HK$2,000,000 (US$256,410). For the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, our Group had assessable profits in Hong Kong and a provision for paying the Hong Kong profits tax has been made accordingly.

We incurred income tax expenses of US$648,936 for the year ended March 31, 2024, as compared to US$468,889 for the year ended March 31, 2023, an increase of US$180,047, or 38.4%, mainly due to the combined effects of the decrease in non-taxable income and the increase in non-deductible expenditure.. Our effective tax rate was approximately 21.8% for the year ended March 31, 2024 and approximately 14.4% for the year ended March 31, 2023. The relatively lower effective tax rate for the year ended March 31, 2023 was due to the non-taxable government grants received by our Group during the year ended March 31, 2023.

Net income and total comprehensive income

As a result of the forgoing, we reported a net income and total comprehensive income of US$2,326,597 for the year ended March 31, 2024, as compared to US$2,787,236 for the year ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of US$460,639, or -16.5%. Such decrease was mainly attributable to (i) the increase in gross profit and gross profit margin as discussed above; (ii) the recognition of total other expense, net during the year ended March 31, 2024, as compared to total other income, net during the year ended March 31, 2023, due to the decrease in government grants received by the Group; and (iii) the increase in professional and legal expenses (included in general and administrative expenses) which represented audit fee and indirect listing expenses during the year ended March 31, 2024.

Comparison of Years Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

Revenue

Our revenue was US$21,868,220 for the year ended March 31, 2023 as compared to US$14,383,980 for the year ended March 31, 2022, representing an increase of approximately US$7,484,240, or approximately 52.0%. The increase in our revenue was mainly driven by the number of our projects contributed revenue increased from 16 for the year ended March 31, 2022 to 20 for the year ended March 31, 2023, of which the number of our projects contributed revenue of over US$1,000,000 during the year increased from 3 for the year ended March 31, 2022 to 8 for the year ended March 31, 2023.

We secured our new business through direct invitations for tenders from customers and we receive, from time to time, invitations to submit tenders from construction contractors. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we submitted 33 and 39 tenders to our potential customers respectively, and our tender success rate was approximately 21.2% and 20.5% for the respective year. We believe that our proven track record of quality works, our expertise in wet trades operations and our ability to deliver work on time are the crucial factors that enable us to gain our customers’ trust and give us a competitive edge when tendering for projects. Our stable tender success rate demonstrates our competitiveness in the Hong Kong wet trades works industry and the satisfaction of our customers with our services.

The following table sets forth the breakdown of our revenue by sector for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively:

Our revenue from public sector projects was US$6,307,454 for the year ended March 31, 2023 as compared to US$2,029,667 for the year ended March 31, 2022, representing an increase of approximately US$4,277,787, or approximately 210.8%. The increase in revenue from our public sector projects was mainly attributable to the increase in the amount of works performed by our Group in two ongoing sizable public sector projects that commenced in September 2022. The revenue generated from such two projects were approximately US$5,708,292 for the year ended March 31, 2023 as compared to US$ nil for the year ended March 31, 2022.

Our revenue from private sector projects was US$15,560,766 for the year ended March 31, 2023 as compared to US$12,354,313 for the year ended March 31, 2022, representing an increase of approximately US$3,206,453, or approximately 26.0%. The increase in revenue from private sector projects was mainly attributable to the number of our private sector projects increased from 12 for the year ended March 31, 2022 to 14 for the year ended March 31, 2023.

Cost of revenue

The following table sets forth the breakdown of our cost of revenue for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

Our cost of revenue, primarily consist of subcontracting costs, materials costs, direct labor costs and overhead costs such as depreciation of equipment that are directly attributable to services provided. We incurred cost of revenue of US$18,373,672 for the year ended March 31, 2023, as compared to US$11,755,111 for the year ended March 31, 2022, representing an increase of approximately US$6,618,561, or approximately 56.3%. The increase was generally in line with the increase in revenue while the increase in material costs for the year ended March 31, 2023 was mainly attributable to the increase in the number and size of projects that required the Group to purchase more materials during the year ended March 31, 2023.

Gross profit and gross profit margin

Our total gross profit was US$3,494,548 for the year ended March 31, 2023, as compared to US$2,628,869 for the year ended March 31, 2022, an increase of US$865,679, or 32.9%. The increase in total gross profit was mainly attributable to the increase in revenue for the year ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2022 as discussed above. Our total gross profit margin remained relatively stable at 16.0% for the year ended March 31, 2023 and 18.3% for the year ended March 31, 2022.

Our gross profit and gross profit margin by project sector is summarized as follows:

Our gross profit from public sector projects was US$2,357,065 for the year ended March 31, 2023, as compared to US$348,218 for the year ended March 31, 2022, an increase of US$2,008,847, or 576.9%. The increase in gross profit was mainly attributable to the increase in revenue from public sector projects as discussed above. Our gross profit margin from public sector projects increased from 17.2% for the year ended March 31, 2022 to 37.4% for the year ended March 31, 2023, which was mainly due to two of our sizable public sector projects that commenced in September 2022 were with higher gross profit margin. Such projects were technically less complex than originally expected which resulted in lower costs incurred when performing the relevant wet trades works and we were able to record a higher profit margin from such projects.

Our gross profit from private sector projects was US$1,137,483 for the year ended March 31, 2023, as compared to US$2,280,651 for the year ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of US$1,143,168, or -50.1%. The decrease in gross profit was mainly attributable to the decrease in gross profit margin from private sector projects despite the increase in revenue from private sector projects. Our gross profit margin from private sector projects decreased from 18.5% for the year ended March 31, 2022 to 7.3% for the year ended March 31, 2023, which was mainly due to the relatively lower gross profit margin from certain private sector projects as a result delay in project schedule which resulted in higher cost incurred than expected and recorded a lower profit margin.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses mainly consist of administrative staff cost, motor vehicle expenses, office supplies and maintenance expenses, legal and professional fees, change of credit loss allowances and other miscellaneous administrative expenses. We incurred general and administrative expenses of US$855,597 for the year ended March 31, 2023, as compared to US$512,650 for the year ended March 31, 2022, an increase of US$342,947, or 66.9%. The increase was mainly due to the increase in our staff costs and other expenses such as motor vehicle expenses and provision of expected credit loss allowance on accounts receivable and contract assets.

Other income (expense)

Other income (expense) mainly included interest expense and other income.

We incurred interest expense of US$179,986 for the year ended March 31, 2023, as compared to US$74,574 for the year ended March 31, 2022, an increase of US$105,412, or 141.4%. The increase was mainly due to the increase in our bank borrowings during the year ended March 31, 2023.

Other income mainly represents the government grants received by the Group and other miscellaneous income. We received government grants of US$772,505 for the year ended March 31, 2023, as compared to US$73,251 for the year ended March 31, 2022, an increase of US$699,254, or 954.6%. The government grants for the year ended March 31, 2023 mainly included the Employment Support Scheme under Anti-Epidemic Fund, which represented the wage subsidy granted to our Group for the use of paying wages and Mandatory Provident Fund of regular employees from May 2022 to July 2022. These government grants were designed to be relief measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and are non-recurring in nature. The government grants we received for the year ended March 31, 2022 mainly included the Intermediate Tradesman Collaborative Training Scheme received from Construction Industry Council, which represented the subsidy granted to our Group for the use of training up new entrants to the construction industry.

Income tax expense

Our company, Ming Shing Group Holdings Limited, was incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Our wholly owned subsidiary, MS (HK) Construction Engineering Limited, was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Pursuant to the current rules and regulations, the Cayman Islands and British Virgin Islands currently levy no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciations and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. Therefore, the Company is not subject to any income tax in the Cayman Islands or British Virgin Islands.

Our two indirectly wholly-owned subsidiaries, MS (HK) Engineering Limited and MS Engineering Co., Limited, are subject to income tax within Hong Kong at the applicable tax rate on taxable income. Hong Kong profit tax rates are 8.25% on assessable profits up to HK$2,000,000 (US$256,410), and 16.5% on any part of assessable profits over HK$2,000,000 (US$256,410). For the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, our Group had assessable profits in Hong Kong and a provision for paying the Hong Kong profits tax has been made accordingly.

We incurred income tax expenses of US$468,889 for the year ended March 31, 2023, as compared to US$317,096 for the year ended March 31, 2022, an increase of US$151,793, or 47.9%, mainly due to the increase in profit before taxation as a result of the increase in revenue and gross profit as discussed above. Our effective tax rate was approximately 14.4% for the year ended March 31, 2023 and approximately 15.0% for the year ended March 31, 2022. The relatively lower effective tax rate for the year ended March 31, 2023 was due to the non-taxable government grants received by our Group during the year ended March 31, 2023.

Net income and total comprehensive income

As a result of the forgoing, we reported a net income and total comprehensive income of US$2,787,236 for the year ended March 31, 2023, as compared to US$1,803,509 for the year ended March 31, 2022, an increase of US$983,727, or 54.5%. Such increase was mainly attributable to the net effect of (i) the increase in revenue and gross profit as discussed above; (ii) the increase in other income due to the increase in government grants received by the Group; and (iii) the increase in general and administrative expenses.

Acquisition of MS Engineering Co., Limited

MS Engineering Co., Limited (“MSE”) was incorporated on March 27, 2019 in Hong Kong as a limited liability company by an independent third party, its principal activities were provision of wet trades works. On October 20, 2021, Mr. Chi Ming Lam purchased all the shares and became the sole shareholder of MSE. The results of MS (HK) Engineering Limited were included in the financial statements for both periods and results of MSE were included commencing from October 20, 2021.

As part of the corporate reorganization which took place for the purposes of the initial public offering, Mr. Chi Ming Lam, MS (HK) Construction Engineering Limited and our Company entered into a reorganization agreement dated November 25, 2022, pursuant to which MS (HK) Construction Engineering Limited acquired 1 ordinary share of MS (HK) Engineering Limited from Mr. Chi Ming Lam and acquired 10,000 ordinary shares of MSE from Mr. Chi Ming Lam. In consideration for these acquisitions, our Company allotted and issued 11,249 Ordinary Shares of US$1 each, credited as fully paid, to Mr. Chi Ming Lam.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had net operating loss carry forward of USD678,335, from MSE, which were operating at losses prior to the year ended March 31, 2022, and prior to the date of acquisition, October 20, 2021. During the period from October 20, 2021 to March 31, 2022, MSE generated revenue of USD1,215,686, and recorded a net loss of USD24,752. For the year ended March 31, 2023, MSE generated revenue of USD763,522, and recorded a net loss of USD195,484. The impact of the acquisition of the subsidiary is considered not material to our results of operations.

Discussion of Certain Balance Sheet Items