Fortrea (FTRE) 10-12BRegistration of securities

Exhibit 99.1

358 South Main Street

Burlington, North Carolina 27215

United States

Adam Schechter

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

                , 2023

Dear Fellow Labcorp Stockholder:

We are pleased to inform you that the board of directors of Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings (“Labcorp”) has approved the spinoff to stockholders of our Clinical Development and Commercialization Services business. The Clinical Development and Commercialization Services business will be transferred to Fortrea Holdings Inc. (“Fortrea”), a newly incorporated Delaware corporation, and its shares will be distributed to Labcorp stockholders on                  , 2023 as a pro rata distribution intended to be tax-free to our stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes, except to the extent of any cash received in lieu of fractional shares.

Fortrea will be a leading global contract research organization providing comprehensive phase I through IV biopharmaceutical product and medical device services, patient access solutions and other enabling sevices to pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device organizations. Its common stock will be listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbol “FTRE.”

As a Labcorp stockholder, you will receive one share of Fortrea common stock for every share of Labcorp common stock you hold as of the record date.

Stockholder approval of the distribution is not required, nor are you required to take any action to receive your Fortrea common shares.

Following completion of the spinoff, Labcorp common shares will continue to trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “LH” and Labcorp will remain a global leader advancing healthcare through science, innovation and technology with deep scientific expertise, vast health data and insights, and an extensive, advanced global laboratory network.

We invite you to learn more about Fortrea and the spinoff by reviewing the enclosed information statement, which contains important information about Fortrea, including financial information.

Thank you for your continued support of Labcorp and your future support of Fortrea.

Enclosure

8 Moore Drive

Durham, NC 27709

United States

Thomas Pike

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

                , 2023

Dear Future Fortrea Stockholder:

I am excited to welcome you as a future stockholder of Fortrea Holdings Inc. (“Fortrea”). Fortrea will hold Labcorp’s Clinical Development and Commercialization Services business, and will be a leading global contract research organization providing phase I through IV biopharmaceutical product and medical device services, patient access solutions and other enabling services to global pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device organizations.

Following the spinoff, Fortrea will be positioned to:

Fortrea’s common stock will be listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbol “FTRE.”

We look forward to our future as an independent, publicly traded company and to your support as a stockholder of Fortrea.

Enclosure

Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings (“Labcorp”) is sending this information statement to its stockholders in connection with the pro rata distribution of all the outstanding shares of Fortrea Holdings Inc.’s (“Fortrea”) common stock to holders of Labcorp’s common stock. As of the date of this information statement, Labcorp wholly owns Fortrea.

On July 28, 2022, Labcorp announced a plan to pursue a separation of its Clinical Development and Commercialization Services business from Labcorp through a spinoff (the “spinoff”). Holders of Labcorp’s common stock will be entitled to receive one share of Fortrea common stock for every share of Labcorp common stock owned as of 5:00 p.m., Burlington, North Carolina time, on the record date,                 , 2023. The distribution date for the spinoff will be                 , 2023 (the “distribution date”). After the spinoff, Fortrea will be an independent, publicly traded company. The spinoff is intended to be tax-free to Labcorp and its stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes, except, in the case of stockholders, to the extent of any cash received in lieu of fractional shares.

You will not be required to pay anything for the Fortrea common stock that will be distributed to you or to surrender or exchange your Labcorp common stock to receive Fortrea common stock in the spinoff. The spinoff will not affect the number of shares of Labcorp common stock that you hold. Immediately following the spinoff, your proportionate interest in Fortrea will be identical to your proportionate interest in Labcorp (as adjusted for any fractional shares). Fortrea common stock will be issued in book-entry form only, which means that no physical stock certificates will be issued. No approval by Labcorp stockholders of the spinoff is required or is being sought. You are not being asked for a proxy and you are requested not to send a proxy.

As discussed under “The Spinoff—Trading of Labcorp Common Stock After the Record Date and Prior to the Distribution,” if you sell your Labcorp common stock in the “regular way” market after the record date and before or on the distribution date, you will be selling your right to receive Fortrea common stock in connection with the spinoff. You are encouraged to consult with your financial advisor regarding the specific implications of selling your Labcorp common stock before or on the distribution date.

There is no current trading market for Fortrea common stock. However, we expect that a limited market, commonly known as a “when-issued” trading market, for Fortrea common stock will begin on or about , 2023, and we expect that “regular way” trading of Fortrea common stock will begin the first day of trading after the distribution date. We have applied to list Fortrea common stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “FTRE.” The spinoff is contingent upon the acceptance of the Fortrea common stock for listing on a national securities exchange approved by Labcorp, such as NASDAQ, subject to official notice of issuance.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this information statement is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

This information statement does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities.

Labcorp first mailed this information statement to its stockholders on or about                 , 2023.

The date of this information statement is                 , 2023.

Table of Contents

Unless we otherwise state or the context otherwise indicates, all references in this information statement to “Fortrea,” “us,” “our,” or “we” mean Fortrea Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries, and all references to “Labcorp” mean Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings and its subsidiaries, other than, for all periods following the spinoff, Fortrea. When referenced individually, the Clinical Development and Commercialization Services business will refer to the business pre-spinoff, and Fortrea will refer to the business post-spinoff, unless the context otherwise specifies.

The term “GAAP” refers to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the “U.S.”).

The transaction in which Fortrea will be separated from Labcorp and become an independent, publicly traded company is referred to in this information statement as the “spinoff” and the “separation.” The pro rata distribution of Fortrea common stock to stockholders of Labcorp to affect to the spinoff is referred to in this information statement as the “distribution.”

This information statement is being sent solely to provide information to Labcorp stockholders who will receive Fortrea common stock in connection with the spinoff. It is not provided as an inducement or encouragement to buy or sell any securities. You should not assume that the information contained in this information statement is accurate as of any date other than the date set forth on the cover. Changes to the information contained in this information statement may occur after that date, and we undertake no obligation to update the information contained in this information statement, unless we are so required by applicable securities laws.

This information statement includes estimates regarding market and industry data and forecasts, which are based on publicly available information, industry publications and surveys, reports from government agencies, reports by market research firms, and our own estimates based on our management's knowledge of, and experience in, the markets in which we compete. This information cannot always be verified with complete certainty due to the limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process, and other limitations and uncertainties inherent in surveys of market size. Furthermore, all of this information involves a variety of assumptions, limitations, and methodologies and is inherently subject to uncertainties, and therefore you are cautioned not to give undue weight to these estimates.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE SPINOFF

RISK FACTORS

Risks Relating to the Spinoff

We may not realize the potential benefits that we expect from our spinoff from Labcorp. We have described those anticipated benefits elsewhere in this information statement. See “The Spinoff—Reasons for the Spinoff.” In addition, as described elsewhere in this information statement, we will incur additional costs related to our separation from Labcorp. We also expect to incur additional ongoing costs related to operating as an independent public company and replacing the services previously provided by Labcorp. The costs associated with performing or outsourcing these functions may exceed our expectations. A significant increase in the costs of performing or outsourcing these functions could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our business has historically used Labcorp's corporate infrastructure and services to support our business functions. A portion of the expenses related to establishing and maintaining this infrastructure has been charged to us on a cost-allocation basis. Except as described under the caption “Relationship with Labcorp After the Spinoff,” after the distribution date we will no longer have access to Labcorp's infrastructure or services and we will need to establish or supplement our own. We may experience increased pricing in our supplier relationships for similar services due to lower volume requirements when we separate from Labcorp. The operational, financial, information system, and logistical separation from Labcorp is complex and involves numerous systems and jurisdictions. Following the spinoff, Labcorp will continue to provide some services to us on a transitional basis pursuant to a transition services agreement. For more information regarding the transition services agreement, see “Relationship with Labcorp After the Spinoff—Agreements Between Labcorp and Us—Transition Services Agreement.” However, we cannot assure you that all such functions will be successfully executed by Labcorp during the transition period. Also, we will have to expend significant efforts and costs (including potentially materially in excess of those estimated in the transition services agreement) to (i) replace or otherwise upgrade our systems, including our IT and enterprise resource planning systems, (ii) implement additional financial, IT, and management controls, (iii) implement reporting systems and procedures, (iv) hire additional management, IT, accounting, finance, legal, human resources, and other administrative staff and third-party service providers, (v) establish employee benefit programs, (vi) create a board of directors and corporate governance programs, (vii) carry out audit, tax and legal functions, and (vii) establish banking and credit facility arrangements. Any interruption in these services could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. In addition, at the end of this transition period, to the extent we are unable to perform particular functions ourselves, we will need to hire third parties to perform these functions on our behalf.

The historical combined financial information we have included in this information statement does not necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows would have been as an

independent public company during the periods presented and is not necessarily indicative of our future financial condition, future results of operations, or future cash flows. This is primarily a result of the following factors:

The pro forma adjustments are based on available information and assumptions that we believe are reasonable; however, our assumptions may prove not to be accurate. In addition, our unaudited pro forma combined financial information may not give effect to various ongoing additional costs that we may incur in connection with being an independent public company. Accordingly, our unaudited pro forma combined financial information does not reflect what our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows would have been as an independent public company and are not necessarily indicative of our future financial condition, future results of operations, or future cash flows. Please refer to “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Information” and our combined financial statements and corresponding notes included elsewhere in this information statement.

There is a risk that, by separating from Labcorp, we may become more susceptible to market fluctuations and other adverse events than we would have been if we were still a part of the current Labcorp organizational structure. Also, as a part of Labcorp, we have been able to enjoy certain benefits, including access to Labcorp’s data, corporate infrastructure, client relationships, purchasing power and cost of capital, among other benefits. As an independent, publicly traded company, we will not have the same benefits. Additionally, as part of Labcorp, we have been able to leverage Labcorp’s reputation and historical performance to help build our business, attract and retain talent, and recognize operational synergies, which, as an independent, publicly traded company, we will not be able to leverage.

Labcorp has received an IRS Ruling on certain issues relevant to the qualification of the spinoff and certain related transactions as tax-free under Sections 368(a)(1)(D) and 355 of the Code, based on certain facts and representations. The IRS Ruling does not address all of the requirements for tax-free treatment of the spinoff, and the spinoff is conditioned upon, among other things, Labcorp’s receipt of an opinion of tax counsel regarding the qualification of the spinoff and certain related transactions as generally tax-free, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code. The IRS Ruling was, and the opinion will be, based on, among other things, certain factual assumptions, representations and undertakings from Labcorp and us, including those regarding the past and future conduct of the companies’ respective businesses and other matters. If any of these factual assumptions, representations, or undertakings are incorrect or not satisfied, Labcorp may not be able to rely on the IRS Ruling or tax opinion, and Labcorp and its stockholders could be subject to significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities. In addition, the opinion received will not be binding on the IRS or the courts and is expected to rely on the IRS Ruling with respect to the matters in such ruling.

Notwithstanding any private letter ruling or opinion of tax counsel, the IRS could determine on audit that the spinoff does not so qualify if it determines that any of these factual assumptions, representations or undertakings are not correct or have been violated or that the spinoff should be taxable for other reasons, including as a result of a significant change in stock or asset ownership after the spinoff. If the spinoff is ultimately determined not to so qualify, the spinoff could be treated as a taxable disposition of shares of stock by Labcorp and as a taxable dividend or capital gain to Labcorp’s stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In such case, Labcorp and its stockholders that are subject to U.S. federal income tax could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities. See “The Spinoff—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Spinoff.” Under the tax matters agreement that we intend to enter into with Labcorp, we could have an indemnification obligation to Labcorp with respect to taxes incurred by Labcorp that arise as a result of actions or omissions by us that prevent the spinoff, together with certain related transactions, from qualifying as tax-free under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code.

Our ability to engage in certain transactions could be limited or restricted after the spinoff in order to preserve, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the qualification of the spinoff and certain related transactions under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code. Even if these transactions otherwise qualify for tax-free treatment to Labcorp’s stockholders under Section 355 of the Code, they may result in corporate-level taxable gain to Labcorp if there is a 50% or greater change in ownership, by vote or value, of shares of our stock, Labcorp’s stock or the stock of a successor of either occurring as part of a plan or series of related transactions that includes the spinoff. Any acquisitions or issuances of our stock or Labcorp’s stock within two years of the spinoff are generally presumed to be part of such a plan, although it may be possible to rebut that presumption. See “The Spinoff—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Spinoff.”

Under the tax matters agreement that we intend to enter into with Labcorp, we will be required to comply with the representations and undertakings made in the IRS Ruling that Labcorp has received and in materials submitted to the IRS in connection therewith and to the tax advisors in connection with the opinions Labcorp expects to receive regarding the intended tax treatment of the spinoff and certain related transactions. The tax matters agreement will also restrict our ability to take or fail to take any action if such action or failure to act could adversely affect the intended tax treatment. In particular, except in specific circumstances, in the two years following the spinoff, we will be restricted from, among other things, (i) entering into any transaction pursuant to which all or a portion of our equity would be acquired, whether by merger or otherwise, and (ii) ceasing to actively conduct certain businesses or activities. These restrictions may limit our ability to pursue certain transactions that we may believe to be in the best interests of our stockholders or that might increase the value of our businesses. See “Relationship with Labcorp After the Spinoff—Agreements Between Labcorp and Us—Tax Matters Agreement.”

After the spinoff, there will be several significant areas where the liabilities of Labcorp may become our obligations. We will enter into a separation and distribution agreement with Labcorp that will provide for, among other things, the principal corporate transactions required to effect the spinoff, certain conditions to the spinoff, and provisions governing the relationship between us and Labcorp with respect to and resulting from the spinoff. For a description of the separation and distribution agreement, see “Relationship with Labcorp After the Spinoff—Agreements Between Labcorp and Us—Separation and Distribution Agreement.” Among other things, the separation and distribution agreement provides for indemnification obligations designed to make us financially responsible for substantially all liabilities that may exist relating to our business, whether incurred prior to or after the spinoff, and whether known or unknown at the time of the spinoff, as well as those obligations of Labcorp assumed by us pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement. If we are required to indemnify Labcorp under the circumstances set forth in the separation and distribution agreement, or meaningful unknown liabilities surface, we may be subject to substantial liabilities.

In addition, provisions of law may impose certain of Labcorp’s liabilities on us after the spinoff. For example, under the Code and the related rules and regulations, each corporation that was a member of the Labcorp consolidated U.S. federal income tax group during a taxable period or portion of a taxable period ending on or before the effective date of the spinoff is severally liable for the U.S. federal income tax liability of the Labcorp consolidated U.S. federal income tax group for that taxable period. Consequently, if Labcorp is unable to pay the consolidated U.S. federal income tax liability for a pre-spinoff period, we could be required to pay the amount of such tax, which could be substantial and in excess of the amount allocated to us under the tax matters agreement. Similar rules may apply for state, local, and non-U.S. tax purposes. Other provisions of law establish similar liability for other matters, including U.S. federal laws governing tax-qualified pension plans, as well as other contingent liabilities.

Pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement, Labcorp will agree to indemnify us for certain liabilities. However, third parties could seek to hold us responsible for any of the liabilities that Labcorp has agreed to retain, and there can be no assurance that the indemnity from Labcorp will be sufficient to protect us against the full amount of such liabilities, or that Labcorp will be able to fully satisfy its indemnification obligations. Moreover, even if we ultimately succeed in recovering from Labcorp any amounts for which we are held liable, we may be temporarily required to bear these losses ourselves. If Labcorp is unable to satisfy its indemnification obligations, the underlying liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

After the spinoff, Labcorp's insurers may deny coverage to us for liabilities associated with occurrences prior to the spinoff. Even if we ultimately succeed in recovering from such insurance providers, we may be required to temporarily bear such loss of coverage.

The agreements that we will enter into with Labcorp in connection with the spinoff were prepared in the context of the spinoff while our business was still operated by and part of Labcorp, and the terms were determined by Labcorp as our sole owner. Because these agreements were negotiated in the context of a parent-subsidiary relationship prior to the spinoff where actual or perceived conflicts of interest may have been present, the terms of these agreements may be more or less favorable to us than those that would have resulted from arm's-length negotiations between unaffiliated third parties. See “Relationship with Labcorp After the Spinoff—Agreements Between Labcorp and Us.”

Our financial results are currently included within the consolidated results of Labcorp, and we believe that our reporting and control systems are appropriate for a subsidiary of a public company. However, until the spinoff, we will not have been directly subject to the reporting and other requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). As a result of the spinoff, we will be directly subject to reporting and other obligations under the Exchange Act, including the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”). These reporting and other obligations will place significant demands on our management and administrative and operational resources, including our accounting and IT resources. To comply with these requirements, we anticipate that we will need to (i) replace or otherwise upgrade our systems, including our IT and enterprise resource planning systems, (ii) implement additional financial, IT, and management controls, (iii) implement reporting systems and procedures, and (iv) hire additional management, IT, accounting, finance, legal, human resources, and other administrative staff and third-party service providers. If we are unable to do so in

a timely and effective fashion, our ability to comply with our financial reporting requirements and other rules that apply to reporting companies under the Exchange Act could be impaired. Any failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

No assurance can be given that the spinoff will occur or, if it occurs, that it will occur on the terms described in this information statement. In addition to the conditions to the spinoff described herein (certain of which may be waived by Labcorp, at the direction of its board of directors in its sole discretion), Labcorp, at the direction of its board of directors, may abandon the spinoff at any time before the distribution date for any reason or for no reason. In addition, Labcorp, at the direction of its board of directors, may amend or modify any and all terms of the spinoff and the related transactions and agreements at any time prior to the distribution date. If the spinoff is completed and the Labcorp board of directors waived any such condition, such waiver could have a material adverse effect on (i) Fortrea’s and Labcorp’s respective business, financial condition or results of operations, (ii) the trading price of Fortrea’s common stock, (iii) the ability of stockholders to sell their Fortrea shares after the distribution, including, without limitation, as a result of (a) illiquid trading if Fortrea common stock is not accepted for listing or (b) litigation relating to any injunctions sought to prevent the consummation of the spinoff or (iv) the tax consequences of the spinoff. In the event Labcorp, at the direction of its board of directors, waives a material condition or amends or modifies the spinoff or the ancillary agreements entered into thereto, Labcorp will evaluate the applicable facts and circumstances at that time and make such additional disclosure and take such other actions as Labcorp determines to be necessary and appropriate in accordance with applicable law.

The separation and distribution agreement will provide that certain contracts, permits and other assets and rights are to be transferred from Labcorp or its subsidiaries to us or our subsidiaries in connection with the separation. The transfer of certain of these contracts, permits and other assets and rights may require consents or approvals of third parties or governmental authorities or provide other rights to third parties. In addition, in some circumstances, we and Labcorp are joint beneficiaries of contracts, and we and Labcorp may need the consents of third parties in order to split or separate the existing contracts or the relevant portion of the existing contracts to us or Labcorp.

Some parties may use consent requirements or other rights to seek to terminate contracts or obtain more favorable contractual terms from us, which, for example, could take the form of price increases or shortened payment terms from suppliers or price reductions or extended payment terms from customers. This could require us to expend additional resources in order to obtain the services or assets previously provided under the contract, or require us to seek arrangements with new third parties or obtain letters of credit or other forms of credit support. If we are unable to obtain required consents or approvals, we may be unable to obtain the benefits, permits, assets and contractual commitments that are intended to be allocated to us as part of our separation from Labcorp, and we may be required to seek alternative arrangements to obtain services and assets that may be more costly and/or of lower quality. The termination or modification of these contracts or permits or the failure to timely complete the transfer or separation of these contracts or permits could negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

After the distribution, certain members of management and directors of each of Labcorp and us will own both Labcorp common stock and our common stock. See “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.” This ownership overlap could create, or appear to create, potential conflicts of interest when our

management and directors and Labcorp's management and directors face decisions that could have different implications for us and Labcorp. For example, potential conflicts of interest could arise in connection with the resolution of any dispute between Labcorp and us regarding the terms of the agreements governing the distribution and our relationship with Labcorp thereafter. Potential conflicts of interest may also arise out of any commercial arrangements that we or Labcorp may enter into in the future.

Prior to the spinoff, we have conducted our business under Labcorp and its associated brands, including Labcorp Drug Development and Covance. In connection with the spinoff, we will conduct our business under Fortrea Holdings Inc., a new name, and certain associated brands, also with new names. Our rebranding is in process and will be an ongoing initiative. We may not improve upon the brand recognition associated with Labcorp and its historical or associated brands with customers, sites, suppliers, employees and candidates. In addition, the rebranding will involve significant costs and require the dedication of significant time and effort by management and other personnel.

We cannot predict the impact of this rebranding on our business. However, if we fail to establish, maintain and/or enhance brand recognition associated with the “Fortrea” name, it may affect our relations investigator sites or customers, which may adversely affect our ability to generate revenues and could impede our business. Additionally, the costs and the dedication of time and effort associated with the rebranding may negatively impact our profitability.

Risks Relating to Our Business

The recruitment of physicians, also referred to as investigators, and patients for clinical trials is essential to our business. Investigators are typically located at hospitals, clinics, or other sites and supervise the administration of the investigational drug or device to patients during the course of a clinical trial. Because the successful conduct of a clinical trial at a particular site is often dependent upon the integrity, experience, and capabilities of the investigators conducting the trial, recruiting qualified investigators is critical.

Patients generally include people from the communities in which the clinical trials are conducted. Several of our competitors have purchased site networks or site management organizations as a strategy for priority access to a specific site, which could put us at a competitive disadvantage. Our clinical development business could be adversely affected if we are unable to contract with suitable and willing investigators or recruit and enroll patients for clinical trials on a consistent basis. The expanding global nature of clinical trials increases the risk associated with attracting suitable investigators and patients, especially if these trials are conducted in regions where our resources or experience may be more limited. For example, if we are unable to engage investigators to conduct clinical trials as planned or enroll sufficient patients in clinical trials, we might need to expend additional funds to obtain access to more investigators and patients than planned or else be compelled to delay or modify the clinical

trial plans, which may result in additional costs to us or cancellation of the clinical trial by our customer. If realized, these risks may also inhibit our ability to attract new business, particularly in certain regions.

These and other impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic could also have the effect of heightening many of the other factors described in these “Risk Factors” and other parts of this information statement. The ultimate impact depends on the severity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the emergence and spread of COVID-19 variants, the continued availability and effectiveness of vaccines and treatments, and actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic, each of which is uncertain, rapidly changing and difficult to predict. Any of these disruptions could adversely impact our business and results of operations.

Our international operations expose us to risks from potential failure to comply with foreign laws and regulations that differ from those under which we operate in the U.S. In addition, we may be adversely affected by other risks of expanded operations in foreign countries, including, but not limited to, compliance with export controls and trade regulations; changes in tax policies or other foreign laws; compliance with foreign labor and employee relations laws and regulations; restrictions on currency repatriation; judicial systems that less strictly enforce contractual rights; countries that do not have clear or well-established laws and regulations concerning issues relating to drug development services; countries that provide less protection for intellectual property rights; and procedures and actions affecting approval, production, pricing, reimbursement and marketing of products and services. Further, international operations could subject us to additional expenses that we may not fully anticipate, including those related to enhanced time and resources necessary to comply with foreign laws and regulations, difficulty in collecting accounts receivable and longer collection periods, and difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations. In some countries, our success will depend in part on our ability to form relationships with local partners. Our inability to identify appropriate partners or reach mutually satisfactory arrangements could adversely affect the business and operations.

With our embedded and functional outsourcing services, we place employees at the physical workplaces of our customers. The risks of this activity include claims of errors and omissions, misuse or misappropriation of client proprietary information, theft of client property, and torts or other claims under employment liability, co-employment liability, or joint employment liability, as well as claims of misclassification or noncompliance with various employment and staffing laws and regulations. We have policies and guidelines in place to reduce our exposure to such risks, but if we fail to follow these policies and guidelines we may suffer reputational damage, loss of customer relationships and business, monetary damages, fines, and other governmental actions.

If any large customer decreases or terminates its relationship with us, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be materially adversely affected. For the year ended December 31, 2022, our top ten customers based on revenue accounted for approximately 45% of our consolidated revenue and our top ten customers based on backlog accounted for approximately 50% of our total backlog. No single customer accounted for greater than 10% of our total consolidated revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022. It is possible that an even greater portion of our revenues will be attributable to a smaller number of customers in the future, including as a result of our entering into strategic provider relationships with customers. Also, consolidation in our potential customer base results in increased competition for important market segments and fewer available customer accounts.

Additionally, conducting multiple clinical trials and providing other development or post-approval services for different customers in a single therapeutic class involving drugs with the same or similar chemical action may adversely affect our business if some or all of the trials or services are canceled because of new scientific information or regulatory judgments that affect the drugs as a class. Further, concentration in a particular therapeutic class could cause trials we are conducting for our customers to compete with one another for limited resources (e.g., patients, academic interest, funding), which could impact the successful completion or timely of these studies, and therefore our business.

We operate in a highly competitive industry. Competitors in CRO industry range from hundreds of smaller CROs to a limited number of large CROs with global capabilities. Our main competition consists of these small and large CROs, as well as in-house departments of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies and, to a lesser extent, select universities and teaching hospitals. Our services have from time to time experienced periods of increased price competition that had an adverse effect on our revenues and profitability. There is competition among CROs for both customers and potential acquisition candidates. Additionally, few barriers to entering the CRO industry further increases possible new competition. These competitive pressures may affect the attractiveness or profitability of our services, and could adversely affect our financial results.

The loss of key management personnel or the inability to attract and retain experienced and qualified employees and increased costs related to such personnel and employees could adversely affect the business. There is significant competition for qualified personnel in the CRO industry. In the future, if competition for the services of these

professionals increases and, correspondingly, the cost of these professionals increases, we may not be able to continue to attract and retain individuals in our markets. Changes in key management, or the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, as a result of increased competition for talent, wage growth, or other market factors (including costs) could lead to strategic and operational challenges and uncertainties, distractions of management from other key initiatives, and inefficiencies and increased costs, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

We depend on third parties to provide services critical to our business, including, but not limited to, investigators and clinical trial sites, IT services, laboratory services, third-party transportation and travel providers, freight forwarders and customs brokers, drug depots and distribution centers, suppliers or contract manufacturers of drugs for patients participating in clinical trials, and providers of licensing agreements, maintenance contracts, or other services. In addition, we also rely on third-party CROs and other contract clinical personnel for clinical services either in regions where we have limited resources, or in cases where demand cannot be met by our internal staff. In some circumstances, our customers require that we take on responsibility for the performance of these third parties as part of our overall service delivery. The failure of any of these third parties to adequately provide us timely critical support services in accordance with applicable laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and reputation.

To manage our growth, we must continue to attract and retain top personnel and invest in our operating systems. We believe that maintaining and enhancing both personnel and our systems at reasonable cost are instrumental to our continued growth and success. We cannot assure you that we will be able to enhance our current technology or obtain new technology that will enable our systems to keep pace with industry developments and the sophisticated needs of our customers. The nature and pace of our growth introduces risks associated with quality control and customer dissatisfaction due to delays in performance or other problems. In addition, non-U.S. operations involve the additional risks of assimilating differences in non-U.S. business practices, hiring and retaining personnel and overcoming language barriers. Failure to manage our growth effectively could adversely affect our business.

The biopharmaceutical industry is highly competitive, and we regularly provide services to customers that are developing competing drugs. Given the adverse competitive interests, customers may discourage us from providing services to a competing customer or potential customer or limit the scope to which competitors can use our services. The loss of, or reduction in, services that we can provide to existing or potential customers may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, or financial condition.

Risks Relating to Regulatory and Compliance Matters

The operation of our clinical trials must conform to good clinical practice (“GCP”), as applicable, as well as all other applicable standards and regulations. If we do not comply, we could potentially be subject to civil, criminal or administrative sanctions and/or remedies, including suspension of our ability to conduct preclinical and clinical studies, and to import or export to or from certain countries, which could have a material adverse effect upon us.

Additionally, certain of our services and activities must conform to current good manufacturing practice (“cGMP”). Failure to maintain compliance with GCP or cGMP regulations and other applicable requirements of various regulatory agencies could result in warning or untitled letters, fines, unanticipated compliance expenditures,

suspension of manufacturing, and civil, criminal or administrative sanctions and/or remedies against us, including suspension of our operations, which could have a material adverse effect upon us.

We are subject to laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment and human health and safety, including laws and regulations relating to the handling, transportation and disposal of medical specimens, infectious and hazardous waste and radioactive materials, as well as regulations relating to the safety and health of employees. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations could subject us to denial of the right to conduct business, fines, criminal penalties and/or other enforcement actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, compliance with future legislation could impose additional requirements on us that may be costly.

We assist pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies in navigating the regulatory approval process. Changes in regulations such as a relaxation in regulatory requirements or the introduction of simplified approval procedures, or an increase in regulatory requirements that we have difficulty satisfying or that make our services less competitive, could eliminate or substantially reduce the demand for our services. Also, if government efforts to contain drug and medical product and device costs impact profits from such items, or if health insurers were to change their practices with respect to reimbursement for those items, some of our customers may spend less, or reduce their growth in spending on R&D. In the U.S., for example, the recently enacted Inflation Reduction Act includes provisions authorizing government negotiated pricing for certain drugs and other price restrictions that may have the effect of reducing pharmaceutical and biotechnology manufacturer revenue and investments in the development of new drugs.

In addition, implementation of healthcare reform legislation that adds costs could limit the profits that can be made from the development of new drugs and medical products and devices. This could adversely affect R&D expenditures by such companies, which could in turn decrease the business opportunities available to us both in the U.S. and other countries. New laws or regulations may create a risk of liability, increase our costs or limit our service offerings.

If we do not comply with existing or new laws and regulations related to protecting the privacy and security of personal or health information, we could be subject to monetary fines, civil penalties or criminal sanctions. In the U.S., we may obtain health information from third parties (e.g., healthcare providers who sponsor trials) that are subject to privacy and security requirements under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, and their implementing regulations, (collectively, “HIPAA”). Although we are not directly subject to HIPAA, we could be subject to criminal penalties if we knowingly obtain, use, or disclose individually identifiable health information maintained by a HIPAA covered entity in a manner that is not authorized or permitted by HIPAA. HIPAA generally requires that healthcare providers and other covered entities obtain written authorizations from patients prior to disclosing protected health information of the patient (unless an exception to the authorization requirement applies). If authorization is required and the patient fails to execute an authorization or the authorization fails to contain all required provisions, then we may not be allowed access to and use of the patient’s information and our research support efforts could be impaired or delayed. Furthermore, use and disclosure of protected health information that is provided to us pursuant to a valid patient authorization is subject to the limits set forth in the authorization. Moreover, patients about whom we or our partners obtain information, as well as third parties who share this information with us, may have contractual rights that limit our ability to use and disclose the information. In addition, HIPAA does not replace federal, state, international or other laws to which we may be subject that may grant individuals even greater privacy protections.

Federal and state laws that protect the privacy and security of patient information may be subject to enforcement and interpretations by various governmental authorities and courts, resulting in complex compliance issues. For example, we could incur damages under state laws, including pursuant to an action brought by a private party for the wrongful use or disclosure of health information or other personal information.

We also are subject to the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which became effective as of January 2020, and creates individual privacy rights for California consumers and increases the privacy and security obligations of entities handling certain personal information. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. Further, the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”) recently passed in California. The CPRA will impose additional data protection obligations on covered businesses, including additional consumer rights processes, limitations on data uses, new audit requirements for higher risk data, and opt outs for certain uses of sensitive data. It will also create a new California data protection agency authorized to issue substantive regulations and could result in increased privacy and information security enforcement. The majority of the provisions have gone into effect on January 1, 2023, and additional compliance investment and potential business process changes may still be required. Similar laws have passed in Virginia, Colorado, Connecticut, and Utah, and have been proposed in other states and at the federal level, reflecting a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the U.S. The enactment of such laws could have potentially conflicting requirements that would make compliance challenging. In the event that we are subject to or affected by the CCPA, the CPRA, or other domestic privacy and data protection laws, any liability from failure to comply with the requirements of these laws could adversely affect our financial condition.

We may also be required to comply with the data privacy and security laws of other countries in which we operate or with which we transfer and receive data. For example, in the European Economic Area, we are subject to the EU General Data Protection Regulation, and in the U.K., we are subject to the U.K. data protection regime consisting primarily of the U.K. General Data Protection Regulation, or U.K. GDPR, and the U.K. Data Protection Act 2018, (collectively, the “GDPR”), which include a range of compliance obligations for subject companies and imposes penalties for noncompliance of up to the greater of €20 million or 4% of worldwide revenue. We have established processes and frameworks to manage compliance with the GDPR. Potential fines and penalties in the event of a violation of the GDPR could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. In addition, similar data protection regulations addressing access, use, disclosure and transfer of personal data have been enacted or updated in regions where we do business, including in Asia, Latin America, and Europe. We expect to make changes to our business practices and to incur additional costs associated with compliance with these evolving and complex regulations.

In addition to data protection laws and regulations, government agencies are considering (or are adopting) other laws, regulations and guidelines that impact the processing of personal information. For example, the evolving landscape surrounding the use of AI and online advertising may lead to additional compliance costs and could increase our overall risk.

Even though we do not and will not order healthcare services or bill directly to Medicare, Medicaid, or other third-party payers, certain federal, state, and foreign healthcare laws and regulations pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback and anti-inducement laws related to the furnishing of healthcare items and services, are and will be applicable to our business. Such laws also include “sunshine act” legislation in various jurisdictions that require us to track and report on payments and other transfers of value to certain healthcare professionals, providers and institutions. Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of available statutory and regulatory exceptions, it is possible that some of our business activities could be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws. If we or our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any other governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, imprisonment of employees or others acting on our behalf, and the curtailment or

restructuring of our operations, any of which could materially adversely affect our ability to operate our business, our financial results, and our reputation.

Anti-corruption laws in the countries where we conduct business, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), U.K. Bribery Act 2010 (the “Bribery Act”), and similar laws in other jurisdictions, prohibit companies and their intermediaries from engaging in bribery including improperly offering, promising, paying or authorizing the giving of anything of value to individuals or entities for the purpose of corruptly obtaining or retaining business. We operate in some parts of the world where corruption may be common and where anti-corruption laws may conflict to some degree with local customs and practices. We will establish, prior to the spinoff, and maintain an anti-corruption program including policies, procedures, training and safeguards in the engagement and management of third parties acting on our behalf. Despite these safeguards, we cannot guarantee protection from corrupt acts committed by employees or third parties associated with us. Violations or allegations of violations of anti-corruption laws could have a significant adverse effect on our business or results of operations.

Risks Relating to Technology and Cybersecurity

We receive and store certain personal, and financial information about our customers. In addition, we depend upon the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks, including information permitting cashless payments. We also work with third-party service providers and vendors that provide technology systems and services that are used in connection with the receipt, storage, and transmission of customer personal, and financial information. A compromise in our security systems, or those of our third-party service providers and vendors, that results in customer personal information being obtained by unauthorized persons, or our or a third party's failure to comply with security requirements for financial transactions could adversely affect our reputation with our customers and others, as well as our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. Such a compromise could also result in litigation against us and the imposition of fines and penalties.

Our operations and success depend on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our IT systems. Despite network security measures and other precautions we have taken, our IT systems are potentially vulnerable to physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses and similar disruptions. In addition, we may experience system failures or interruptions as a result of integrating the IT systems of any recent acquisitions. Sustained system failures or interruption of our systems in one or more of our operations could disrupt our ability to perform operations. A failure of the network or data-gathering procedures could impede the processing of data, delivery of databases and services and day-to-day management of the business and could result in the corruption or loss of data. While certain operations have appropriate disaster recovery plans in place, there currently are not redundant facilities everywhere in the world to provide IT capacity in the event of a system failure. Despite any precautions we may take, damage from fire, floods, hurricanes, geopolitical events, governmental action, power loss, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, break-ins, cybersecurity breaches and similar events at our various computer facilities could result in interruptions in the flow of data to the servers and from the servers to customers. In addition, any failure by the computer environment to provide required data communications capacity could result in interruptions in service. In the event of a delay in the delivery of data, we could be required to transfer data collection operations to an alternative provider of server-hosting services. Such a transfer could result in delays in the ability to deliver products and services to customers. Additionally, significant delays in the planned delivery of system enhancements, or improvements and inadequate performance of the systems once they are completed could damage our reputation. Failure of our IT systems could adversely affect our business, profitability and financial condition.

We have experienced and expect to continue to experience attempts by computer programmers and threat actors to attack and penetrate our layered security controls. We have also experienced and expect to continue to experience similar attempts to attack and penetrate the systems of third-party suppliers and vendors to whom we have provided data. While these attempts have not resulted in any material breaches of the data of our customers, such attempts, if successful, could result in the misappropriation or compromise of personal information or proprietary or confidential information stored within our systems or within the systems of third parties, create system disruptions or cause shutdowns. External actors are developing and deploying viruses, worms and other malicious software programs that attack our systems, the systems of third-parties, or otherwise exploit any security vulnerabilities. Outside parties may also attempt to fraudulently induce our staff to take actions, including the release of confidential or sensitive information or to make fraudulent payments through illegal electronic spamming, phishing, spear phishing, or other tactics. We have information security procedures and other safeguards in place, which we update in response to threat information from public and private sector sources and public announcements of attempted or successful breaches at other companies. However, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate all of these techniques or to implement adequate preventive measures. In addition, as cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional resources to continue to enhance our information security measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. Our remediation efforts may not be successful and could result in interruptions, delays or cessation of service. This could also impact the cost and availability of cyber insurance to us. Breaches of our or third parties' security measures and the unauthorized dissemination of personal, proprietary or confidential information about us or our customers or other third parties could expose customers’ private information. Such breaches could expose customers to the risk of financial harm or identity theft or expose us or other third parties to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, result in litigation and potential liability for us, damage our brand and reputation or otherwise harm our business. Any of these disruptions or breaches of security could have a material adverse effect on our business, regulatory compliance, financial condition and results of operations.

We develop, maintain and license software as a service and application solutions alongside licensed technology systems to implement and manage various aspects of clinical trials. These systems are used in clinical trial randomization, investigational product supply management, decentralized clinical trial execution and other clinical trial functions. These systems often involve integrations with third party systems. Incorrect design, programming or validation of these systems could lead to substantial data integrity or patient safety issues potentially resulting in the invalidation of the clinical trial, claims against us and could otherwise adversely affect our financial results.

The biopharmaceutical industry generally, and drug development services industry more specifically, is subject to increasingly rapid technological changes. Our customers, competitors and other businesses might acquire or develop technologies or services that are more effective or commercially attractive than our current or future technologies or services or that render our technologies or services less competitive or potentially obsolete. If competitors acquire or introduce superior technologies or services and we cannot procure or develop these technologies or services or enhance ours in a timely manner to remain competitive, our competitive position, and in turn our business, results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows may be materially adversely affected.

Risks Relating to Legal Matters

We contract with investigators to conduct, and in our clinical research units we directly conduct, the clinical trials to test new drugs on clinical trial participants. These tests can create a risk of liability for personal injury or death to clinical trial participants resulting from negative reactions to the drugs administered or from professional malpractice by third party investigators or our staff conducting the clinical trials.

We assume representative roles, including, but not limited to, European Union Legal Representative for Clinical Trials, U.K. Legal Representative for Clinical Trials, local clinical trial sponsor, and Qualified Person for Pharmacovigilance, in connection with the clinical trials we manage and these roles may create direct risks relating to patient claims, customer claims, or regulatory authority action.

While we endeavor to include in our contracts provisions entitling us to be indemnified and entitling us to a limitation of liability, these provisions are not always successfully obtained and, even if obtained, do not uniformly protect us against liability arising from certain of our own actions. We could be materially and adversely affected if we were required to pay damages or bear the costs of defending any claim that is not covered by a contractual indemnification provision, or in the event that a party which must indemnify us does not fulfill its indemnification obligations, or in the event that we are not successful in limiting our liability or in the event that the damages and costs exceed our insurance coverage. We may also be required to agree to contract provisions with clinical trial sites or its customers related to the conduct of clinical trials, and we could be materially and adversely affected if we were required to indemnify a site or customer against claims pursuant to such contract terms. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain sufficient insurance coverage on acceptable terms.

We may become subject in the ordinary course of business to material legal actions related to, among other things, commercial and contract disputes, data and privacy issues, professional liability, employee-related matters, and intellectual property disputes. Legal actions could result in substantial monetary damages as well as damage to our reputation with customers, which could have a material adverse effect upon our business.

Many of our services, products and processes rely on intellectual property, including patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets. In some cases, that intellectual property is owned by another party and licensed to us, sometimes exclusively. The value of our intellectual property relies in part on our ability to maintain our proprietary rights to such intellectual property. If we are unable to obtain or maintain the proprietary rights to our intellectual property, if we are unable to prevent attempted infringement against our intellectual property, or if we are unable to defend against claims that we are infringing on another party’s intellectual property, we could be adversely affected. These adverse effects could include us having to abandon, alter and/or delay the deployment of products, services or processes that rely on such intellectual property; having to procure and pay for licenses from the holders of intellectual property rights that we seek to use; and having to pay damages, fines, court costs, and attorney's fees in connection with intellectual property litigation.

We are subject to taxes in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. Our provision for income taxes is based on a jurisdictional mix of earnings, statutory tax rates and enacted tax rules, including transfer pricing. Due to economic and political conditions, tax rates in various jurisdictions may be subject to significant change. As a result, our future effective tax rates could be affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, or changes in tax laws or their interpretation. These changes may adversely impact our effective tax rate and harm our financial position and results of operations.

We are subject to examination by the IRS and other domestic and foreign tax authorities and government bodies. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our income tax and other tax reserves. If our reserves are not sufficient to cover these contingencies, such inadequacy could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows.

Additionally, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has issued certain guidelines regarding base erosion and profit shifting. As these guidelines continue to be formally adopted by separate taxing jurisdictions, they may have an impact on our tax rate and the way in which we operate.

Risks Relating to Financial Matters

We have many contracts that provide for services on a fixed-price or fee-for-service with a cap basis and they may be terminated or reduced in scope either immediately or upon notice. Cancellations may occur for a variety of reasons, including:

We bear the financial risk if these contracts are underpriced or if contract costs exceed estimates. Such underpricing or significant cost overruns could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Although our contracts often entitle us to receive the costs of winding down the terminated projects, as well as all fees earned up to the time of termination, the loss, reduction in scope or delay of a large contract or the loss, delay or conclusion of multiple contracts could materially adversely affect us.

A significant increase in our days sales outstanding level from delays in billing or collection could have an adverse effect on our business, including potentially increasing our bad debt rate and decreasing our cash flows.

Our revenues depend greatly on the expenditures made by the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries in R&D. In some instances, these companies are reliant on their ability to raise capital in order to fund their R&D projects. These companies are also reliant on reimbursement for their products from government programs and commercial payers. Accordingly, economic factors and industry trends affecting our customers in these industries may also affect us. If these companies were to reduce the number of R&D projects they conduct or outsource, whether through the inability to raise capital, reductions in reimbursement from governmental programs or commercial payers, industry trends, economic conditions or otherwise, we could be materially adversely affected.

We have business and operations outside the U.S., and derive a significant portion of our revenues from international operations. Since our combined financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars, fluctuations in exchange rates from period to period will have an impact on reported results. In addition, we may incur costs in one currency related to our services or products for which we are paid in a different currency. To reduce our exposure to currency exchange fluctuations, we may from time to time enter into for these or other purposes, financial swaps, or hedging arrangements, with various financial counterparties. In addition to any risks related to the counterparties, there can be no assurances that our hedging activity will be effective in insulating us from the risks associated with the underlying transactions, that we would not have been better off without entering into these hedges, or that we will not have to pay additional amounts upon settlement. As a result, factors associated with international operations, including changes in foreign currency exchange rates and our hedging activities, could significantly affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Our operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and are influenced by a variety of factors,

such as:

We believe that operating results for any particular quarter are not necessarily a meaningful indication of future results. While fluctuations in our quarterly operating results could negatively or positively affect the market price of our common stock, these fluctuations may not be related to our future overall operating performance.

Our level of debt could have important consequences. For example, it could:

We expect to use the proceeds from these debt and other financing transactions to make an expected $1,605 million cash distribution to Labcorp as partial consideration for the assets that will be contributed to us in connection with the spinoff. As a result of the debt we expect to incur in connection with the spinoff, the amount of leverage in our business may increase over the next twelve months, and could increase further to the extent that we incur additional debt in the future. This will increase the riskiness of our business and of an investment in our common stock.

Any failure to meet required payments on our debt, or failure to comply with any covenants in the instruments governing our debt, could result in an event of default under the terms of those instruments and a downgrade to our credit ratings. A downgrade in our credit ratings would increase our borrowing costs. In the event of a default, the holders of our debt could elect to declare all the amounts outstanding under such instruments to be due and payable. Any default under the agreements governing our debt and the remedies sought by the holders of such debt could render us unable to pay principal and interest on our debt.

We maintain the majority of our cash and cash equivalents in accounts with major U.S. and international financial institutions, and our deposits at certain of these institutions exceed insured limits. Market conditions can impact the viability of these institutions. In the event of failure of any of the financial institutions where we maintain

our cash and cash equivalents, there can be no assurance that we would be able to access uninsured funds in a timely manner or at all. Additionally, bank payment processes could become unavailable which could temporarily impact our ability to conduct business with suppliers and pay our employees on a timely basis. Any inability to access or delay in accessing these funds could adversely affect our business and financial condition

Our operations are dependent upon ongoing demand for our services by pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies and others. A significant downturn in the economy could negatively impact the demand for our services, as well as the ability of customers to pay for services rendered. In addition, uncertainty in the credit markets could reduce the availability of credit and impact our ability to meet our financing needs in the future.

We are subject to employment and labor laws and unionization activity in the U.S. Similar employment and labor obligations exist across other countries in which we conduct business, including appropriate engagement with unions, works councils, and other employee representative bodies. Disputes with regard to the terms of labor agreements or obligations for consultation, potential inability to negotiate acceptable contracts with these unions, unionization activity, or a failure to comply with labor or employment laws could result in, among other things, labor unrest, strikes, work stoppages, slowdowns by the affected workers, fines and penalties. If any of these events were to occur, or other employees were to become unionized, we could experience a significant disruption of our operations or higher ongoing labor costs, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Additionally, future labor agreements, or renegotiation of labor agreements or provisions of labor agreements, or changes in labor or employment laws, could compromise our service reliability and significantly increase our costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Also, we may incur substantial additional costs and become subject to litigation and enforcement actions if we fail to comply with legal requirements affecting our workforce and labor practices, including laws and regulations related to wage and hour practices, Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs compliance, and unlawful workplace harassment and discrimination.

As a public company, we will become subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 and will be required to prepare our financial statements according to the rules and regulations required by the SEC. In addition, the Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly, and current reports. Our failure to prepare and disclose this information in a timely manner or to otherwise comply with applicable law could subject us to penalties under federal securities laws, expose us to lawsuits, and restrict our ability to access financing. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that, among other things, we establish and maintain effective internal controls and procedures for financial reporting and disclosure purposes. Beginning with our second required Annual Report on Form 10-K, we intend to comply with the applicable sections of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which will require annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and a report by our independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is complex and may be revised over time to adapt to changes in our business, or changes in applicable accounting rules. We cannot assure you that our internal control over financial reporting will be effective in the future or that a material weakness will not be discovered with respect to a prior period for which we had previously believed that internal controls were effective. If we are not able to maintain or document effective internal control over financial reporting, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be able to certify as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. While we have been adhering to these laws and regulations as a business unit of Labcorp, after the distribution we will need to

demonstrate our ability to manage our compliance with these corporate governance laws and regulations as an independent, public company.

Matters affecting our internal controls may cause us to be unable to report our financial information on a timely basis, or may cause us to restate previously issued financial information, and thereby subject us to adverse regulatory consequences, including sanctions or investigations by the SEC, or violations of applicable stock exchange listing rules. There could also be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of investor confidence in us and the reliability of our financial statements. Confidence in the reliability of our financial statements is also likely to suffer if we or our independent registered public accounting firm reports a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. This could have a material and adverse effect on us by, for example, leading to a decline in our share price and impairing our ability to raise additional capital.

Natural disasters, such as adverse weather, fires, and earthquakes; power shortages and outages; geopolitical events, such as terrorism, war, political instability, political unrest, including the current situation with Ukraine and Russia, or other conflicts; criminal activities; public health crises, such as COVID-19 and disease epidemics and pandemics; and other disruptions or events outside of our control or the escalation or expansion of any of the same, could delay or disrupt our ability to conduct clinical trials or other business, endanger our personnel, or cause other project delays or loss of clinical trial materials or results. Long-term disruptions in the infrastructure and operations caused by such events (particularly involving locations in which we have operations), could harm our operating results.

Part of our strategy involves deploying capital in investments that enhance our business, which includes pursuing strategic acquisitions to strengthen our scientific capabilities and enhance therapeutic expertise, enhance global drug development capabilities, and increase presence in key geographic areas. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to identify acquisition targets that are attractive to us or that will have a meaningful impact on our operating results. Furthermore, the successful closing and integration of a strategic acquisition entails numerous risks, including, among others:

We cannot assure you that current or future acquisitions, if any, or any related integration efforts will be successful, or that our business will not be adversely affected by any future acquisitions, including with respect to

revenues and profitability. Even if we are able to successfully integrate the operations of businesses that we may acquire in the future, we may not be able to realize the benefits that it expects from such acquisitions.

Many of our facilities could be difficult to replace in a short period of time. Any event that causes a disruption of the operation of these facilities might impact our ability to provide services to customers and, therefore, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

There has been increasing public focus by investors, customers, environmental and social activists, the media and governmental and nongovernmental organizations on a variety of environmental, social, governance, and other sustainability matters. As an organization, we understand the importance of our role in lessening our environmental footprint and supporting positive social impact. In light of the importance of this to our culture, as well as internal and external stakeholders, if we are not effective in addressing environmental, social, governance, and other sustainability matters affecting our business, or setting and meeting relevant sustainability goals, our reputation and financial results may suffer. We may experience increased costs in order to execute upon our sustainability goals and measure achievement of those goals, which could have an adverse impact on our business and financial condition.

In addition, this emphasis on environmental, social, governance, and other sustainability matters has resulted and may result in the adoption of new laws and regulations, including new reporting requirements. Compliance with future legislation could impose additional requirements on us that may be costly. If we fail to comply with new and existing laws, regulations, or reporting requirements, our reputation and business could be adversely impacted.

Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Common Stock

There is no current trading market for our common stock. We have applied to list our common stock on NASDAQ under the symbol “FTRE.” The spinoff is contingent upon the acceptance of our common stock for listing on a national securities exchange approved by Labcorp, such as NASDAQ, subject to official notice of issuance. Our NASDAQ application has not yet been approved.

If our common stock is not approved for listing on a national securities exchange approved by Labcorp, such as NASDAQ, or, after the spinoff, any such exchange, such as NASDAQ, delists our common stock from trading on its exchange for failure to meet the listing standards, we and our stockholders could face significant material adverse consequences including:

Prior to the spinoff, there will have been no trading market for our common stock. We cannot assure you that an active trading market will develop or be sustained for our common stock after the spinoff, nor can we predict the price at which our common stock will trade after the spinoff. The market price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

Upon completion of the spinoff, virtually all of our shares will be freely tradable without restriction or registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). We are unable to predict whether large amounts of our common stock will be sold in the open market following the spinoff. We are also unable to predict whether a sufficient number of buyers would be in the market at that time. Certain Labcorp stockholders may be required to sell the shares of Fortrea common stock that they receive in the spinoff. For example, index funds currently holding Labcorp common stock may be required to sell the Fortrea common stock they receive in the spinoff. In addition, it is possible that other Labcorp stockholders will sell the shares of Fortrea common stock they receive in the spinoff for various reasons. For example, such stockholders may not believe that our business profile, capital structure, or level of market capitalization as an independent company fits their investment objectives. We can provide no assurance that there will be sufficient new buying interest to offset the potential sale of Fortrea common stock. Accordingly, our common stock could experience a high level of volatility immediately following the spinoff and, as a result, the price of our common stock could be adversely affected.

Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws (as defined in “Description of Capital Stock”) will include a number of provisions that may discourage, delay, or prevent a change in our management or control over us that stockholders may consider favorable. For example, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws will:

These provisions may prevent our stockholders from receiving the benefit from any premium to the market price of our common stock offered by a bidder in a takeover context. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the existence of these provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock if the provisions are viewed as discouraging takeover attempts in the future.

Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws may also make it difficult for stockholders to replace or remove our management. These provisions may facilitate management entrenchment that may delay, deter, render more difficult, or prevent a change in our control, which may not be in the best interests of our stockholders.

In the future, your percentage ownership of us may be diluted because of equity issuances for acquisitions, capital market transactions or otherwise, including any equity awards that we will grant to our directors, officers and employees. Our employees will have stock-based awards that correspond to shares of Fortrea common stock after the distribution as a result of conversion of their Labcorp stock-based awards. Such awards will have a dilutive effect on our earnings per share, which could adversely affect the market price of Fortrea common stock. From time to time, we will issue additional stock-based awards to our employees under our employee benefits plans.

We do not currently expect to declare or pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. In the absence of a dividend, the success of an investment in shares of our common stock would depend upon any future appreciation in their value. There is no guarantee that shares of our common stock will appreciate in value.

The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by securities and industry analysts. If there is no coverage of us by securities or industry analysts, the trading price for our common stock would be negatively impacted. In the event we obtain securities or industry analyst coverage, if one or more of these analysts downgrades our stock or publishes unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to

publish reports on us regularly, demand for our common stock could decrease, which could cause our common stock price or trading volume to decline.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This information statement and other materials we and Labcorp have filed or will file with the SEC include or will include forward-looking statements. Some of the forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of terms such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “seeks,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” or other comparable terms. These forward-looking statements include all matters that are not related to present facts or current conditions or that are not historical facts. They appear in a number of places throughout this information statement and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, or current expectations concerning, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects and growth strategies, and the industries in which we operate and include, without limitation, statements relating to our future performance.

Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and industry development may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this information statement. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and industry development are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this information statement, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods. A number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in or implied by the forward-looking statements, including the risks and uncertainties discussed in “Risk Factors.” Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those reflected in forward-looking statements relating to our operations and business include:

All forward-looking statements are made only as of the date of this information statement and we do not undertake any obligation, other than as may be required by law, to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect future events or developments. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends, or indications of future performance, unless expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data.

THE SPINOFF

On July 28, 2022, Labcorp announced its intention to separate its Clinical Development and Commercialization Services business into an independent, publicly traded company. The separation will be effected through a pro rata distribution of our common stock to Labcorp's stockholders. The transaction is subject to certain customary conditions, including, among others, the conditions described below under “—Spinoff Conditions and Termination.”

Fortrea is currently a wholly owned business unit of Labcorp. Labcorp will complete the internal restructuring, which will result in Fortrea becoming the parent company of the Labcorp operations comprising, and the entities that will conduct, the Clinical Development and Commercialization Services business.

Based on our combined statements of operations and comprehensive income included elsewhere in this information statement: for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 and fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Fortrea’s Revenues as a percent of Labcorp's Revenues was 20%, 21% and 19.0%, respectively. Based on our condensed combined balance sheet as of March 31, 2023 included elsewhere in this information statement, total assets and total liabilities attributable to Fortrea as a percent of Labcorp’s total assets and total liabilities was 21% and 9%, respectively.

Labcorp’s Clinical Development and Commercialization Services business operates largely autonomously, although it and Labcorp have benefited by sharing executive management and some overhead costs. The spinoff will permit each of Labcorp and Fortrea to focus exclusively on its business and enable investors to obtain and, if they so choose, retain direct exposure to each separate business. Among other benefits, the spinoff is expected to provide each of Labcorp and Fortrea with:

We expect that we will continue to be a leading global provider of CRO services to both large and emerging pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device organizations. In addition, following the spinoff, we will be positioned to:

There necessarily can be no assurance that the expected benefits of the separation will be realized. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Spinoff.”

We and Labcorp will be parties to several agreements that will govern the spinoff and our future relationship. For a more detailed description of these agreements, please see “Relationship with Labcorp After the Spinoff—Agreements Between Labcorp and Us.”

You will not be required to make any payment for the shares of Fortrea common stock you receive, nor will you be required to surrender or exchange your shares of Labcorp common stock or take any other action in order to receive the Fortrea common stock to which you are entitled. The spinoff will not affect the number of outstanding shares of Labcorp common stock or any rights of Labcorp stockholders, although it is expected to affect the market value of the outstanding shares of Labcorp common stock.

The general terms and conditions relating to the spinoff will be set forth in a separation and distribution agreement between Labcorp and us. For a description of the terms of that agreement, see “Relationship with Labcorp After the Spinoff—Agreements Between Labcorp and Us—Separation and Distribution Agreement.” Under the separation and distribution agreement, the spinoff will occur on the distribution date. As a result of the spinoff, each holder of Labcorp common stock will be entitled to receive one share of our common stock for every share of Labcorp common stock owned by such holder as of 5:00 p.m., Burlington, North Carolina time, on the record date. As discussed under “—Trading of Labcorp Common Stock After the Record Date and On or Prior to the Distribution,” if a holder of record of Labcorp common stock sells those shares in the “regular way” market after the record date and before or on the distribution date, that stockholder will be selling the right to receive our common stock in the distribution. The distribution will be made in book-entry form. For registered Labcorp stockholders, our transfer agent will credit their shares of Fortrea common stock to book-entry accounts established to hold their Fortrea common stock. Book-entry refers to a method of recording stock ownership in our records in which no physical certificates are issued. For stockholders who own Labcorp common stock through a bank or brokerage firm, their Fortrea common stock will be credited to their accounts by the bank or broker. See “—When and How You Will Receive Fortrea Shares” below. Each Fortrea share of common stock that is distributed will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable.

Holders of Fortrea common stock will not be entitled to preemptive rights. See “Description of Capital Stock.” Following the spinoff, stockholders whose shares are held in book-entry form may request the transfer of their Fortrea common stock to a brokerage or other account at any time, without charge.

On the distribution date, Labcorp will release its Fortrea common stock for distribution by American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, the distribution agent. The distribution agent will cause the shares of Fortrea common stock to which you are entitled to be registered in your name or in the “street name” of your bank or brokerage firm.

The transfer agent will aggregate all fractional shares and sell them on behalf of those holders who otherwise would be entitled to receive a fractional share. The transfer agent will determine, in its sole discretion, when, how, and through which broker-dealers such sales will be made without any influence by Labcorp or us. We anticipate that these sales will occur as soon as practicable after the distribution date. Those holders will then receive a cash payment in an amount equal to their pro rata share of the total net proceeds of those sales.

It is expected that all fractional shares held in street name will be aggregated and sold by brokers or other nominees according to their standard procedures. You should contact your broker or other nominee for additional details.

Neither Labcorp, nor we, nor the transfer agent will guarantee any minimum sale price for any fractional shares. Neither we nor Labcorp will pay any interest on the proceeds from the sale of fractional shares. The receipt of cash in lieu of fractional shares will generally be taxable to the recipient stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. See “—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Spinoff.”

Our common stock distributed to Labcorp stockholders will be freely transferable, except for shares received by persons who may be deemed to be our “affiliates” under the Securities Act. Persons who may be deemed to be our affiliates after the spinoff generally include individuals or entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with us, and include our directors and certain of our officers. Our affiliates will be permitted to sell their Fortrea common stock only pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, such as the exemption afforded by Rule 144.

Under Rule 144, an affiliate may not sell within any three-month period shares of Fortrea common stock in excess of the greater of:

Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to certain provisions regarding the manner of sale, notice requirements, the availability of current public information about us, and holding periods.

With respect to Labcorp equity incentive awards held by Fortrea employees that are outstanding on the distribution date and for which the underlying security is shares of Labcorp’s common stock, it is currently anticipated that each outstanding Labcorp stock option, restricted stock unit and performance share award will be equitably adjusted or converted into an award with respect to Fortrea common stock. In each case, the award will be equitably adjusted or converted in a manner intended to preserve the aggregate intrinsic value of the original Labcorp equity award, and will be subject to substantially the same terms and conditions after the spinoff as the terms and conditions applicable to the original Labcorp award prior to the distribution date, except:

The following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the distribution of Fortrea common stock to U.S. Holders (as defined below) of Labcorp common stock. This discussion is based on the Code, applicable U.S. Treasury Department (“Treasury”) regulations, administrative authorities and court decisions, all as in effect as of the date of this information statement, any of which may change, possibly with retroactive effect. For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of Labcorp common stock that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

This discussion addresses only the consequences of the spinoff to U.S. Holders that hold Labcorp common stock as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). It

does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to a U.S. Holder in light of that stockholder's particular circumstances or to a U.S. Holder subject to special rules, including, without limitation:

If a partnership, or any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holds Labcorp common stock, the tax treatment of a partner in such partnership generally will depend on the status of the partners and the activities of the partnership. A partner in a partnership holding Labcorp common stock should consult his, her, or its tax advisor.

Labcorp has received an IRS Ruling on certain issues relevant to the qualification of the spinoff and certain related transactions as tax-free under Sections 368(a)(1)(D) and 355 of the Code, based on certain facts and representations. The IRS Ruling does not address all of the requirements for tax-free treatment of the spinoff, and the spinoff is conditioned upon, among other things, Labcorp’s receipt of an opinion of tax counsel regarding the qualification of the spinoff and certain related transactions as generally tax-free, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code (the “Tax Opinion”). The IRS Ruling was, and the opinion will be, based on, among other things, certain factual assumptions, representations and undertakings from LabCorp and from us, including regarding the past and future conduct of the companies’ respective businesses and other matters. If any of these factual assumptions, representations, or undertakings are incorrect or not satisfied, LabCorp may not be able to rely on the IRS Ruling or on the Tax Opinion. In addition, the Tax Opinion will not be binding on the IRS or the courts and is expected to rely on the IRS Ruling with respect to the matters in such ruling.

If any conditions in the IRS Ruling or the Tax Opinion were not observed, or if the spinoff were otherwise determined not to qualify for the tax-free treatment described herein, then Labcorp and its stockholders could suffer adverse tax consequences and, under certain circumstances, we could have an indemnification obligation to Labcorp with respect to some or all of the resulting tax under the tax matters agreement we intend to enter into with Labcorp, as described in “Relationship with Labcorp After the Spinoff—Agreements Between Labcorp and Us—Tax Matters Agreement.”

Assuming that the distribution of all of the shares of Fortrea common stock owned by Labcorp to the stockholders of Labcorp, together with certain related transactions, qualifies as a tax-free distribution within the meaning of Section 355 of the Code, in general, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

In general, if the spinoff does not qualify as a tax-free distribution within the meaning of Section 355 of the Code, the spinoff will be treated as a taxable distribution to holders of Labcorp common stock in an amount equal to the fair market value of our common stock received. Specifically, the full amount of the distribution generally would be treated first as a taxable dividend to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s pro rata share of Labcorp's current and accumulated earnings and profits, then as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in the Labcorp stock, and finally as capital gain from the sale or exchange of Labcorp stock with respect to any remaining amount. In addition, if the spinoff does not qualify as a tax-free distribution within the meaning of Section 355 of the Code, Labcorp may recognize taxable gain, which could result in significant tax liability to Labcorp.

Even if the spinoff were otherwise to qualify as a tax-free distribution within the meaning of Sections 355 of the Code, the spinoff will be taxable to Labcorp under Section 355(e) of the Code if 50% or more of either the total voting power or the total fair market value of the stock of Labcorp or our common stock is acquired as part of a plan or series of related transactions that includes the spinoff. If Section 355(e) applies as a result of such an acquisition, Labcorp would recognize taxable gain as described above, but the spinoff would generally remain tax-free to you. Under some circumstances, we could have an indemnification obligation to Labcorp with respect to some or all of the resulting tax under the tax matters agreement we intend to enter into with Labcorp, as described in “Relationship with Labcorp After the Spinoff—Agreements Between Labcorp and Us—Tax Matters Agreement.” The resulting tax could also have a material adverse effect on Labcorp or us, as the case may be.

The foregoing discussion is a summary of material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the spinoff under current law and is for general information only. All holders should consult their tax advisors as to the particular tax consequences of the spinoff to them, including the application and effect of U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax laws.

Treasury regulations generally require holders who own at least five percent of the total outstanding stock of Labcorp (by vote or value) and who receive our common stock pursuant to the spinoff to attach to their U.S. federal income tax return for the year in which the spinoff occurs a detailed statement setting forth certain information relating to the spinoff. Labcorp and/or we will provide the appropriate information to each holder upon request, and each such holder is required to retain permanent records of this information. In addition, payments of cash to a U.S. Holder of Labcorp common stock in lieu of fractional shares of our common stock in the spinoff may be subject to information reporting, unless the U.S. Holder provides the withholding agent with proof of an applicable exemption. Such payments that are subject to information reporting may also be subject to backup withholding, unless such U.S. Holder provides the withholding agent with a correct taxpayer identification number and otherwise complies with the requirements of the backup withholding rules. Backup withholding does not constitute an additional tax, and any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

There is currently no public market for our common stock. We have applied to list our common stock on NASDAQ under the symbol “FTRE.” We anticipate that trading of our common stock will commence on a “when-issued basis” approximately two trading days before the record date. When-issued trading refers to a sale or purchase made conditionally because the security has been authorized but not yet issued. Generally, shares of common stock may trade on NASDAQ on a when-issued basis after they have been authorized but not yet formally issued, which is often initiated by NASDAQ prior to the record date relating to the issuance of such common stock. When-issued transactions are settled after shares of our common stock have been issued to Labcorp stockholders. On the first trading day following the distribution date, when-issued trading with respect to our common stock will end and regular way trading will begin. Regular way trading refers to trading after a security has been issued. We cannot predict what the trading price for our common stock will be before or after the distribution date. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Common Stock.” In addition, we cannot predict any change that may occur in the trading price of Labcorp's common stock, which will continue to trade on NYSE under the symbol “LH,” as a result of the spinoff.

Beginning on or shortly before the record date and through the distribution date, we anticipate that there will be two concurrent markets in which to trade shares of Labcorp common stock: a regular way market and an ex-distribution market. Shares of Labcorp common stock that trade in the regular way market will trade with an entitlement to our common stock distributed in connection with the spinoff. Shares that trade in the ex-distribution market will trade without an entitlement to our common stock distributed in connection with the spinoff. Therefore, if you owned Labcorp common stock at 5:00 p.m., Burlington, North Carolina time, on the record date and sell those shares in the regular way market on or prior to the distribution date, you also will be selling your right to receive our

common stock that would have been distributed to you in connection with the spinoff. If you sell those shares of Labcorp common stock in the ex-distribution market on or prior to the distribution date, you will still receive shares of our common stock that were to be distributed to you in connection with the spinoff as a result of your ownership of the Labcorp common stock on the record date. You are encouraged to consult with your financial advisor regarding the financial implications of selling your shares of Labcorp common stock before or on the distribution date.

We expect that the spinoff will be completed on                 , 2023, provided that, among other things:

Labcorp may waive one or more of these conditions, at the direction of its board of directors in its sole and absolute discretion, and the determination by the Labcorp board of directors regarding the satisfaction of these conditions will be conclusive. If the spinoff is completed and the Labcorp board of directors waived any such condition, such waiver could have a material adverse effect on (i) Fortrea’s and Labcorp’s respective business, financial condition or results of operations, (ii) the trading price of Fortrea’s common stock, (iii) the ability of stockholders to sell their Fortrea shares after the distribution, including, without limitation, as a result of (a) illiquid trading if Fortrea common stock is not accepted for listing or (b) litigation relating to any injunctions sought to prevent the consummation of the spinoff or (iv) the tax consequences of the spinoff.

The fulfillment of these conditions will not create any obligation on Labcorp’s part to effect the distribution, and Labcorp has reserved the right to amend, modify, or abandon any and all terms of the distribution and the related transactions at any time prior to the distribution date, at the direction of its board of directors. Labcorp does not intend to notify its stockholders of any modifications to the terms or the conditions to the separation that, in the

judgment of its board of directors, are not material. To the extent that the Labcorp board of directors determines that any such modifications materially change the terms and conditions of the spinoff or the ancillary agreements entered into thereto, Labcorp will evaluate the applicable facts and circumstances at that time and make such additional disclosure and take such other actions as Labcorp determines to be necessary and appropriate in accordance with applicable law.

In connection with the spinoff, we expect to incur indebtedness in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $1,640 million, which we expect to consist of borrowings under senior secured term loan facilities and senior secured notes. Based on the trailing twelve months of adjusted EBITDA at March 31, 2023, the pro forma net debt leverage ratio would be 3.9x. Though we expect that the net debt leverage ratio may increase over the next twelve months before decreasing, we expect to target a net debt leverage ratio of approximately 2.5x - 3.0x over the subsequent period. This expectation is subject to significant economic, competitive, industry and other uncertainties, and may not be achieved in full, at all or within projected timeframes. Furthermore, our target may change in the future, and such change may be material. We also expect to enter into a $450 million senior secured revolving credit facility, which we do not expect to borrow under prior to the spinoff, and an accounts receivable purchase program (“ARPP”), which we also do not expect to take advantage of, other than in a testing capacity, prior to the spinoff. The ARPP establishes a receivables purchase facility that provides for up to approximately $80 million in funding based on the availability of certain eligible receivables and the satisfaction of certain conditions.

We expect to use the proceeds from these debt and other financing transactions to make an expected $1,605 million cash distribution to Labcorp as partial consideration for the assets that will be contributed to us in connection with the spinoff. After giving effect to such payment and approximately $35 million of associated fees and expenses incurred in connection with the entry into the above, we expect to begin operations as an independent company with a cash balance of approximately $120 million. The cash benefit to Labcorp of the dividend offset by the operating cash at spin is expected to be $1,485 million.

Adjusted EBITDA and the leverage ratio are non-GAAP financial measures. For additional information about these non-GAAP measures, including a reconciliation of each of these non-GAAP measures to their most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-GAAP Information.”

Our capital structure remains under review and will be finalized prior to the spinoff. See “Capitalization,” “Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Information,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position” and “Description of Certain Indebtedness and Other Financing.”

CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of March 31, 2023 on a historical and pro forma basis to give effect to the Separation and other matters, as discussed in “The Spinoff.”

The pro forma adjustments are based upon available information and assumptions that management believes are reasonable; however, such adjustments are subject to change based on the finalization of the terms of the separation and the agreements which define our relationship with Labcorp after the completion of the separation. In addition, such adjustments are estimates and may not prove to be accurate.

You should read the information in the following table together with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Information,” and our unaudited condensed combined financial information and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this information statement.

We are providing the capitalization table for information purposes only. The capitalization table below may not reflect the capitalization or financial condition that would have resulted had we been operating as an independent, publicly-traded company on March 31, 2023 and is not necessarily indicative of our future capitalization or financial condition.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We do not currently expect to declare or pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Instead, we intend to retain earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business. Any future payment of dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon various factors then existing, including earnings, financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, contractual restrictions with respect to payment of dividends, restrictions imposed by applicable law, general business conditions, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

(in Millions)

The following unaudited pro forma combined financial information consists of an unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet as of March 31, 2023 and the unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022.

The unaudited pro forma combined financial information reflects adjustments to our historical unaudited combined balance sheet as of March 31, 2023, our historical unaudited combined statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and our historical audited combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet gives effect to the spinoff and related transactions, described below, as if they occurred as of March 31, 2023, our latest balance sheet date. The unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations give effect to the spinoff and related transactions as if they had occurred on January 1, 2022, the beginning of our most recently completed fiscal year.

The unaudited pro forma combined financial information has been prepared to reflect transaction accounting and autonomous entity adjustments to present the financial condition and results of operations as if we were a separate stand-alone entity. In addition, we have provided a presentation of management adjustments that management believes are necessary to enhance an understanding of the pro forma effects of the transaction. The unaudited pro forma combined financial information has been adjusted to give effect to the following (collectively, the “Pro Forma Transactions”):

The unaudited pro forma combined financial information was prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X. In May 2020, the SEC adopted Release No. 33-10786 “Amendments to Financial Disclosures about Acquired and Disposed Businesses” (the “Final Rule”). The Final Rule became effective on January 1, 2021 and the unaudited pro forma combined financial information herein is presented in accordance therewith. The unaudited pro forma combined financial information is presented for informational purposes only and do not purport to represent what our financial position and results of operations actually would have been had the Pro Forma Transactions occurred on the dates indicated, or to project our financial performance for any future period. The unaudited pro forma combined financial information is based on information and assumptions, which are described in the accompanying notes.

Our historical combined financial statements, which were the basis for the unaudited pro forma combined financial information, were prepared on a carve-out basis as we did not operate as a stand-alone entity for the

periods presented. Accordingly, such financial information reflects an allocation of certain corporate costs, such as tax, treasury, executive leadership, finance, accounting, legal, human resources, sales expenses and the related benefit costs associated with such functions, such as stock-based compensation, that are either specifically identifiable or clearly applicable to Clinical Development and Commercialization Services Business (“CDCS”).

The unaudited pro forma combined financial information has been prepared to include transaction accounting (including the impact of changes to our legal entity structure in anticipation of the spinoff), autonomous entity and management adjustments to reflect the financial condition and results of operations as if we were a stand-alone entity. Transaction adjustments have been presented to show the impact and associated cost as a result of the legal separation from Labcorp, including the incurrence of indebtedness, transfer of additional pension and employee benefit assets and liabilities, and the tax matters agreement. Autonomous entity adjustments have been presented to show the impact of items such as the transition services agreement, lease arrangements with third parties and Labcorp, and incremental costs expected to be incurred as an autonomous entity. In addition, we have provided a presentation of management adjustments that management believes are necessary to enhance an understanding of the pro forma effects of the transaction. Actual future costs incurred may differ from these estimates.

The unaudited pro forma combined financial information reported below should be read in conjunction with the sections herein entitled “Capitalization,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions” as well as the audited combined financial statements, unaudited combined financial statements and the corresponding notes included elsewhere in this information statement. For factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those presented in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information, see “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this information statement.

(In Millions)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma combined financial information.

(In Millions, Except Per Share Data)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma combined financial information.

(In Millions, Except Per Share Data)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma combined financial information.

(In millions unless stated otherwise)

The unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet as of March 31, 2023 and the unaudited pro forma combined statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the unaudited pro forma combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 include the following adjustments:

We have elected to present management adjustments to the pro forma financial information and included all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of such information. Following the spinoff, we expect to incur incremental costs as a standalone public company related to certain expenses previously allocated from Labcorp. Our historical combined financial statements include allocations for certain costs of support functions that are provided on a centralized or geographic basis by Labcorp and its affiliates, which include legal, tax, treasury, sales expenses, IT, human resources, accounting shared services, supply chain, insurance, executive leadership, finance, and the related benefit costs associated with such functions, such as stock-based compensation. We received the benefit of economies of scale as a business within Labcorp’s overall centralized model; however, in establishing these independent support functions, the expenses will be higher than the prior shared allocation. As a stand-alone public company, we expect to incur certain costs in addition to those incurred pursuant to the

transition services agreement as described in note (j). We will also incur new costs relating to our public reporting and compliance obligations as a standalone public company.

These incremental costs are based on our expected organization chart and expected cost structure as a standalone company, adjusted for the allocated costs recorded within our historical combined financial statements, which vary by year. In order to determine synergies and dis-synergies, we prepared a detailed assessment of the resources and associated costs required as a baseline to stand up CDCS as a standalone company. With respect to expected headcount increases, internal resources were matched to job roles to meet the required baseline. In addition to internal resources, third-party support costs in each function were considered, which included business support functions and corporate overhead charges previously shared with Labcorp. This process was used by all functions resulting in incremental costs when compared to the cost allocations from Labcorp included in our historical combined financial statements.

Any shortfall of required resource needs will be filled through external hiring or will be supported by Labcorp through a new transition services agreement. From a timeframe standpoint, these incremental costs will begin to materialize on the date of this information statement. Management believes the resource transfers and costs which were used as the basis for the management adjustments below are reasonable and representative of the baseline to stand up CDCS as a standalone company. Both the resource and vendor cost baseline would be impacted by additional costs and investments that we may incur as we pursue our growth strategies. In addition, other adverse effects and limitations, including those discussed in the section of this information statement entitled “Risk Factors,” may impact actual costs incurred.

Primarily as a result of the above items, the management adjustments presented below, which are incremental to the autonomous entity pro forma adjustments, show additional incremental expenses compared to the allocated expenses from Labcorp included in our historical combined statements of operations, related to dis-synergies partially offset by synergies resulting from the contemplated organizational structure, which the management anticipates realizing prior to or within 18 months of the spinoff. Management believes the presentation of these adjustments is necessary to enhance an understanding of the pro forma effects of the transaction. The pro forma financial information below reflects all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to provide a fair statement of the pro forma financial information, aligned with the assessment described above. If we decide to increase or reduce resources or invest more heavily in certain areas in the future, that will be part of our future decisions and has not been included in the Management adjustments below. The tax effect has been determined by applying the applicable statutory tax rates to the aforementioned adjustments for the periods presented. These management adjustments include forward-looking statements, see “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” included elsewhere in this information statement.

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (in Millions)

We are a leading global CRO providing comprehensive phase I through IV biopharmaceutical product and medical device services, patient access solutions and other enabling services. For over 30 years, we have provided our global pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device customers with clinical pharmacology, clinical development, and other clinical capabilities. In addition, we offer our customers highly flexible delivery models that include Full Service, FSP, and Hybrid structures. We believe we are well positioned to leverage our global scale, access to clinical data-driven insights, industry network, and decades of experience to bring customers tailored solutions. Fortrea intends to capitalize on the global demand for clinical development services across a diverse set of therapeutic areas.

Our team of more than 19,000 staff conducts operations in 90 countries and delivers a broad range of clinical development solutions and other services for our customers. Our services streamline the biopharmaceutical product and medical device development process. Additionally, we successfully utilize enabling technologies to optimize processes and evolve with a dynamic marketplace.

The Company manages its business in two reportable segments - Clinical Services and Enabling Services. The Clinical Services segment, provides services across the clinical pharmacology and clinical development spectrum. The Enabling Services segment provides patient access and technology solutions to customers.

On July 28, 2022, Labcorp announced a plan to pursue a separation of us from Labcorp through a spinoff. After the spinoff, we will be an independent, publicly traded company. The spinoff is intended to be tax-free to Labcorp and its stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes, except, in the case of stockholders, to the extent of any cash received in lieu of fractional shares.

The spinoff will be subject to a number of conditions, some of which are more fully described above under “The Spinoff—Spinoff Conditions and Termination.”

The combined statements of operations include costs for certain centralized functions and programs provided and administered by Labcorp that are allocated to the Company. These centralized functions and programs include, but are not limited to legal, tax, treasury, risk management, sales expenses, IT, human resources, finance, supply chain, executive leadership, and stock-based compensation.

These expenses were allocated to the Company based on direct usage when identifiable or, when not directly identifiable, on the basis of proportional net revenues or headcount or other reasonable driver, as applicable. The

Company considers the basis on which the expenses have been allocated to reasonably reflect the utilization of services provided to, or the benefit received by, the Company during the periods presented. However, the allocations may not reflect the expenses the Company would have incurred as an independent company for the periods presented. Actual costs that may have been incurred if the Company had been a standalone company would depend on a number of factors, including the organizational structure, whether functions were outsourced or performed by employees, and strategic decisions made in areas such as IT and infrastructure. For a period following the divestiture, however, some of these functions will continue to be provided by Labcorp under a planned transition services agreement.

The actual costs of services represented by these allocations may vary significantly from the amounts allocated to the Company in the accompanying financial statements.

Ukraine/Russia Conflict

As a result of the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, we determined that all receivables from companies located in Russia and all long-lived assets related to our Russia and Ukraine operations were impaired. Furthermore, we incurred additional costs in an effort to support our employees impacted by the conflict.

Seasonality

Our business is seasonal. Revenue tends to be lowest in the first half, and especially the first quarter, of each year. Because of this seasonality, our results of operations for the first half of the year, and the first quarter, in particular, may not be indicative of the results of operations that may be achieved for subsequent quarters or the full year. We believe that first quarter 2023 revenue and margins were especially impacted by (i) a large FSP contract loss (as discussed further below); (ii) the provision for credit losses on certain biotech receivables; (iii) slower backlog conversion rates impacted by (a) continued staffing challenges, including increased times to fill recruitment in certain therapeutic areas (primarily respiratory) and select geographies and (b) customer hesitation ahead of our spinoff and (iv) recent macroeconomic factors affecting the industry, in addition to the seasonal nature of our business.

Our backlog represents anticipated revenue for work not yet completed or performed under executed contracts and other forms of written confirmation, where there is sufficient or reasonable certainty about the customer’s ability and intent to fund and commence the services within twelve months. We adjust backlog for foreign currency fluctuations and exclude from backlog revenue that has been recognized as revenue in our statements of operations. Our backlog was $8.6 billion, $8.1 billion and $8.9 billion at December 31, 2022, and 2021 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

We add net new business to backlog based on the aforementioned criteria. Additionally, each period we evaluate previously awarded projects to adjust for modifications, cancellations, foreign currency fluctuations, and other items. Net new business varies from period to period depending on numerous factors, including customer award volume, sales performance, and overall health of the biopharmaceutical industry, among others. While customers with whom we have had long-standing relationships have continued to award new orders to us, we have experienced some fluctuations in our net new business award levels over the last few quarters driven, we believe, by recent macroeconomic factors affecting the industry and customer hesitation ahead of the spinoff. Some clients have indicated that they are waiting until after the spinoff is complete to award new business. Our net new business awards were $3.7 billion, $3.4 billion and $3.7 billion for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively and $3.8 billion and $3.4 billion for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

We do not believe that, as a sole measure, our backlog and net new business are consistent indicators of future revenue because they have been, and likely will continue to be, affected by a number of factors, including the variable size and duration of projects, many of which are performed over several years, and changes to the scope of work during the course of projects. Additionally, projects may be canceled or delayed by the customer or regulatory authorities. We generally do not have a contractual right to the full amount of the contract award reflected in our

backlog. If a customer cancels a contract, we generally will be reimbursed for the costs we have incurred. For more information about risks related to our backlog see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—Our backlog might not be indicative of our future revenues, and we might not realize all of the anticipated future revenue reflected in our backlog.”

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to help you understand our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 as well as our financial condition as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 and as of March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following tables present the financial measures that management considers to be the most significant indicators of the Company's performance.

The Company’s revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023, were $764.2, a decrease of 1.9% over revenues of $779.0 in the corresponding period in 2022. The decrease in revenues was due to a decline in organic revenue of 0.6% and unfavorable foreign currency translation of 1.3%. The Company defines organic growth or decline as the increase or decrease in revenue excluding the year over year impact of acquisitions, divestitures, and currency. The 0.6% decrease in organic revenues was primarily driven by the impact of an FSP cancellation causing a 3.3% decline in revenue along with a slower backlog conversion rate in part due to lingering post-pandemic staffing challenges at investigator sites.

Direct costs decreased 0.3% during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the corresponding period in 2022. Direct costs increased as a percentage of revenues to 83.3% during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to 81.9% in the corresponding period in 2022. This decrease in direct costs was primarily due to a decrease in personnel costs

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of administrative payroll and related benefit charges, advertising and promotional expenses, administrative travel, an allocation of facility charges and IT costs, and corporate allocations. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 4.0% during the three months ended March 31,2023 as compared with the corresponding period in 2022. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due to an $8.9 provision for credit losses on certain biotech receivables.

The increase in depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, was primarily due to purchases of property, plant and equipment.

The decrease in amortization of intangibles and other assets during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding period in 2022, is primarily the result of the impairment of technology assets that occurred in the fourth quarter of 2022.

During three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded net restructuring charges of $1.2, which is reflected within Restructuring and other charges in the combined statements of operations. The charges were comprised of $0.7 in severance and other personnel costs and $0.5 in lease and other facility-related costs associated with general cost improvement and headcount reduction initiatives at various locations around the world.

During three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded net restructuring charges of $9.6, which is reflected within Restructuring and other charges in the Combined Statements of Operations. The charges were comprised of $2.6 in severance and other personnel costs and $7 in lease and other facility-related costs associated with general cost improvement and headcount reduction initiatives at various locations around the world.

The change in Foreign exchange gain (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, was primarily due to the relative strengthening of the US Dollar against most major foreign currencies resulting in $6.5 in foreign exchange losses offset by $1.0 of allocated hedging gains from the Labcorp hedging program for 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, foreign exchange gains were $5.3 offset by $1.0 of allocated hedging losses from the Labcorp hedging program.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company's effective tax rate was 17.5% compared to the 2022 tax rate of 13.3%. This fluctuation was primarily related to the stock compensation windfall benefit realized during 2022.

Clinical Services operating income was $58.5 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of (22.3)% from operating income of $75.3 in the corresponding period of 2022. The decrease in operating income was primarily due to the loss of an FSP contract and an $8.9 provision for credit losses on certain biotech receivables.

Enabling Services operating income was $2.4 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of (48.9)% from operating income of $4.7 in the corresponding period of 2022. The decrease was primarily due to investments in resources related to servicing a recent new award.

The Corporate costs not allocated to segments include stock-based compensation, acquisition related costs, spin costs, COVID-19 costs, Ukraine/Russia conflict costs, retention bonuses, costs of centralized functions that are allocated from Labcorp, and other charges not deemed to relate to segment performance. Through the spinoff date, the combined statements of operations will include costs for certain centralized functions and programs provided and administered by Labcorp that are allocated to the Company. These centralized functions and programs include, but are not limited to legal, tax, treasury, risk management, sales and marketing expenses, information technology, human resources, finance, supply chain, and executive leadership. Corporate costs not allocated to segments were $17.8 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of (14.4)% over corporate expenses of $20.8 in the corresponding period of 2022. The increase in corporate expenses in 2023 is primarily due to the increase in costs allocated from Labcorp.

The following tables present the financial measures that management considers to be the most significant indicators of the Company's performance.

The Company’s revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022, were $3,096.1, an increase of 1.3% over revenues of $3,057.5 in the corresponding period in 2021. The increase in revenues was due to organic growth of 2.3% offset by unfavorable foreign currency translation of (1.0)%. The Company defines organic growth as the increase in revenue excluding the year over year impact of acquisitions, divestitures, and currency. The 2.3% increase in organic revenues was primarily driven by strong net new business awards in 2021 for the Clinical Services segment offset by backlog reductions within the Enabling Services segment.

The Company’s revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021, were $3,057.5, an increase of 18.5% over revenues of $2,580.3 in the corresponding period in 2020. The increase in revenues was due to organic growth of 16.1%, the benefit of acquisitions of 1.1%, and favorable foreign currency translation of 1.3%. The 16.1% increase in organic revenues was primarily driven by strong net new business in 2020 in both of our segments.

Direct costs decreased 0.2% in 2022 as compared with 2021 and decreased as a percentage of revenues to 79.0% in 2022 as compared to 80.2% in 2021. This decrease in direct costs was primarily due to a decrease in incentive-based compensation expense based on company performance.

Direct costs increased 17.3% in 2021 as compared with 2020 and decreased as a percentage of revenues to 80.2% in 2021 as compared to 81.0% in 2020. This increase in direct costs was primarily due to higher labor expense and higher project related reimbursable out-of-pocket costs from higher revenues.

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of administrative payroll and related benefit charges, advertising and promotional expenses, administrative travel, an allocation of facility charges and IT costs, and corporate allocations.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 7.7% in 2022 compared to 2021. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due to a decrease in incentive-based compensation expense based on company performance.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 13.3% in 2021 compared to 2020. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due to the increase in personnel and related costs due to revenue growth.

During 2022, the Company recorded intangible asset impairment charges of $9.8. The Company concluded that the fair value was less than carrying value for one of its acquired technology related assets and recorded an asset impairment.

During 2020, the Company recorded goodwill asset impairment charges of $405.7. The Company concluded that the fair value was less than carrying value for one of its reporting units and recorded goodwill and other asset impairments.

The increase in depreciation expense for 2022, as compared to 2021, and for 2021, as compared to 2020, was primarily due to purchases of property, plant and equipment.

The increase in amortization of intangibles and other assets in 2021, as compared to 2020, primarily reflects the $43.2 impact of the accelerated amortization on trade names related to the Company’s rebranding initiative. Accelerated amortization of $57.6 and $14.4 was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

During 2022, the Company recorded net restructuring charges of $30.5, which is reflected within Restructuring and other charges in the combined statements of operations. The charges were comprised of $16.5 in severance and other personnel costs and $14.2 in lease and other facility-related costs associated with general cost improvement and headcount reduction initiatives at various locations around the world. The charges were offset by the reversal of a previously established liability of $0.2 in unused severance.

During 2021, the Company recorded net restructuring charges of $20.7, which is reflected within Restructuring and other charges in the combined statements of operations. The charges were comprised of $5.2 in severance and other personnel costs and $16.2 in lease and other facility-related costs associated with general cost improvement and headcount reduction initiatives at various locations around the world. The charges were partially offset by the reversal of previously established liability of $0.7 in unused severance and facility-related costs.

During 2020, the Company recorded net restructuring charges of $11.0, which is reflected within Restructuring and other charges in the Combined Statements of Operations. The charges were comprised of $4.9 in severance and other personnel costs and $7.0 in lease and other facility-related costs associated with general cost improvement and headcount reduction initiatives at various locations around the world. The charges were partially offset by the reversal of a previously established liability of $0.9 in unused severance and facility-related costs.

The change in Foreign exchange gain (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, was primarily due to the relative strengthening of the US Dollar against most major foreign currencies resulting in $26.1 in foreign exchange gains offset by $5.9 in allocated hedging losses from the Labcorp hedging program for 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2020, foreign exchange losses were $27.9 offset by $9.1 of allocated hedging gains from the Labcorp hedging program.

In 2022, the Company's effective tax rate was 18.6% compared to the 2021 tax rate of 28.2%. This fluctuation was primarily related to changes in tax rates during 2021, the geographic mix of earnings and the additional R&D tax credits realized during 2022.

In 2021, the Company's effective tax rate was 28.2% compared to the 2020 tax rate of (8.1)%. This fluctuation was primarily related to impairment charges recorded during 2020 that were not deductible, finalization of tax audits, restructuring and acquisition items, and the geographic mix of earnings.

Clinical Services operating income was $413.4 for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of 21.8% over operating income of $339.5 in the corresponding period of 2021. The increase in operating income was primarily due to revenue growth of 2.2% and the decrease in incentive-based compensation expense and continued efforts to optimize the operating model.

Enabling Services operating income was $24.4 for the year ended December 31, 2022, a decrease of 37.4% from operating income of $39.0 in the corresponding period of 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in revenue of 7.9% and the loss of operating leverage on the lower revenue base.

The Corporate costs not allocated to segments include stock-based compensation, acquisition related costs, spin costs, COVID-19 costs, Ukraine/Russia conflict costs, retention bonuses, costs of centralized functions that are allocated from Labcorp, and other charges not deemed to relate to segment performance. Through the spinoff date, the combined statements of operations will include costs for certain centralized functions and programs provided and administered by Labcorp that are allocated to the Company. These centralized functions and programs include, but are not limited to legal, tax, treasury, risk management, sales and marketing expenses, information technology, human resources, finance, supply chain, and executive leadership. Corporate costs not allocated to segments were $95.9 for the year ended December 31, 2022, a decrease of 7.3% over corporate expenses of $103.5 in the corresponding period of 2021. The decrease in corporate expenses in 2022 is primarily due to the $9.8 decrease in retention bonuses partially offset by a $5.0 increase in costs allocated from Labcorp.

Clinical Services operating income was $339.5 for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of 46.1% over operating income of $232.3 in the corresponding period of 2020. The increase in operating income was primarily due to revenue growth of 20.6% and the ability of the Company to leverage its cost base.

Enabling Services operating income was $39.0 for the year ended December 31, 2021, a decrease of 25.1% from operating income of $52.1 in the corresponding period of 2020. The decrease was primarily due to a loss of operating leverage partially offset by the growth in revenue of 1.7%.

Corporate cost not allocated to segments were $103.5 for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of 20.5% over corporate expenses of $85.9 in the corresponding period of 2020. The increase in corporate expenses in 2021 is primarily due to higher allocated costs from Labcorp of $5.9 and the $10.1 increase in retention bonuses.

The Company uses certain non-GAAP financial measures to supplement the financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, including adjusted net income, adjusted EBITDA, pro forma net debt, and a pro forma net

debt leverage ratio. The Company believes these adjusted measures are useful to investors as a supplement to, but not as a substitute for, GAAP measures, in evaluating the Company’s operational performance and cash-flow. The Company further believes that the use of these non-GAAP financial measures provides an additional tool for investors in evaluating operating results and trends, growth, indebtedness, cash-flow and shareholder returns, as well as in comparing the Company’s financial results with the financial results of other companies. However, the Company notes that these adjusted measures may be different from and not directly comparable to the measures presented by other companies. Also, the Company anticipates that (a) it will use these non-GAAP financial measures to assess its financial performance from one period to another, (b) its senior managements' annual compensation will be based in part on these non-GAAP measures and (c) adjusted EBITDA, pro forma net debt and the pro forma net debt leverage ratio will be utilized in the Company's debt and credit facilities.

Each of the following non-GAAP financial measures: adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income, pro forma net debt and the pro forma net debt leverage ratio is calculated as set forth in the below reconciliations.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted net income have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for analyzing our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA excludes items that can have a significant effect on the Company's profit or loss and should, therefore, be used in conjunction with, not as a substitute for, profit or loss for the period. We compensate for these limitations by separately monitoring Net income (loss) for the period.

Reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP measures are included in the tables below. We have presented a forward-looking target net debt leverage ratio in this information statement. This non-GAAP financial measure is derived by excluding certain amounts, expenses or income, from the corresponding financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP that would be used to derive this ratio. The determination of the amounts that are excluded from this non-GAAP financial measure is a matter of management judgement and depends upon, among other factors, the nature of the underlying expense or income amounts recognized in a given period in reliance on the exception provided by item 10(e)(1)(i)(B) of Regulation S-K. We are unable to present a quantitative reconciliation of our target net debt leverage ratio to its most directly comparable forward-looking GAAP financial measure because such information is not available, and management cannot reliably predict all of the necessary components of such GAAP measure without unreasonable effort or expense. In addition, we believe such reconciliation would imply a degree of precision that would be confusing or misleading to investors.

Furthermore, this non-GAAP financial measure is a preliminary estimate and is subject to risks and uncertainties. Any variation between the company's actual results and the target net debt leverage ratio may be material.