Psyence Biomedical (PBM) F-1Registration statement (foreign)

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 9, 2024

Registration No. 333-      

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form F-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Psyence Biomedical Ltd.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

21 Richmond Street West

Penthouse Suite 1300

Toronto, Ontario MK5 2K1
Telephone: + 1 (416) 346-7764

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

Puglisi & Associates

850 Library Ave., Suite 204

Newark, Delaware 19711

Telephone: (302) 738-6680

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Douglas S. Ellenoff

Stuart Neuhauser

Benjamin S. Reichel

Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP

1345 Avenue of the Americas

New York, New York 10105

(212) 370-1300

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale of the securities to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective and business combination described in the prospectus is completed.

If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

Emerging growth company x

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not issue these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Psyence Biomedical Ltd.

22,496,000 Common Shares

This prospectus relates to the public offering of an aggregate of 22,496,000 common shares, no par value (“Common Shares”), of Psyence Biomedical Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of Ontario, Canada (“Psyence,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) which may be sold from time to time by the selling shareholders named in this prospectus (each, a “Selling Shareholder”), consisting of (i) an aggregate of up to 18,750,000 Common Shares issuable pursuant to those certain First Tranche Notes (as defined herein) issued to certain investors (the “Investors”) by the Company on January 25, 2024, which First Tranche Notes had an initial conversion price of $10.00; provided, however, that such conversion price is subject to certain adjustments according to the terms and reset dates included in the First Tranche Notes and may be reduced to a conversion floor of $1.00, until the First Reset Date (as such term is defined in the First Tranche Notes), then to $0.50 on the Second Reset Date (as such term is defined in the First Tranche Notes) and lower thereafter; (ii) 150,000 Common Shares (the “CCM Fee Shares”) that were issued to J.V.B. Financial Group, LLC (“J.V.B.”), acting through its Cohen & Company Capital Markets Division (“CCM”), in lieu of payment of deferred underwriting commissions and transaction fees in connection with the Business Combination (as defined herein) at an effective price of $10.00 per share; (iii) 150,000 Common Shares (the “Cantor Fee Shares”) that were issued to Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”) in lieu of payment of deferred underwriting commissions at an effective price of $10.00 per share; (iv) 150,000 Common Shares (the “Maxim Fee Shares”) that were issued to Maxim Group, LLC (“Maxim”) in lieu of payment of transaction fees in connection with the Business Combination at an effective price of $6.67 per share; (v) 125,000 Common Shares (the “MWE Fee Shares”) that were issued to McDermott Will & Emery LLP (“MWE”) in connection with payment for services in connection with the Business Combination at an effective price of $10.00 per share; (vi) 150,000 Common Shares (the “EGS Fee Shares”) that the Company is contractually bound to issue to Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP (“EGS”) in connection with payment for services in connection with the Business Combination at an effective price of approximately $1.50 per share; (vii) 21,000 Common Shares (the “RNA Fee Shares” and, together with the CCM Fee Shares, the Cantor Fee Shares, the Maxim Fee Shares, the MWE Fee Shares and the EGS Fee Shares, the “Advisory Fee Shares”) that were issued to RNA Advisors, LLC (“RNA”) in connection with payment for services in connection with the Business Combination at an effective price of $10.00 per share; and (viii) 3,000,000 Common Shares (the “Founder Shares”) issued by the Company to Newcourt SPAC Sponsor LLC (the “Sponsor”) upon the Closing (as defined herein) in exchange for shares of NCAC originally issued for a nominal fee in a private placement prior to NCAC’s IPO, 1,396,071 of which were distributed to the members of the Sponsor upon the Closing.

The Selling Shareholders may offer, sell or distribute all or a portion of the Common Shares registered hereby publicly or through private transactions at prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. We will not receive any of the proceeds from such sales of the Common Shares. We will bear all costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of these securities. The Selling Shareholders will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to their sale of Common Shares. See “Plan of Distribution.”

You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement or amendment carefully before investing in our securities. Our Common Shares trade on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “PBM,” and certain of our warrants (the “Public Warrants”) trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “PBMWW.”

We are a “foreign private issuer,” and an “emerging growth company” each as defined under the federal securities laws, and, as such, we are subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. See the section entitled “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and a Foreign Private Issuer” for additional information.

Investing in our Common Shares involves a high degree of risk. You should purchase our Common Shares only if you can afford to lose your entire investment. See the section entitled “Risk Factors,” which begins on page 16.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined whether this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this Prospectus is              , 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form F-1 filed by Psyence with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), pursuant to which the Selling Shareholders may, from time to time, sell up to an aggregate of 22,496,000 Common Shares from time to time through any means described in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.” More specific terms of any securities that the Selling Shareholders offer and sell may be provided in a prospectus supplement that describes, among other things, the specific amounts and prices of the Common Shares being offered and the terms of the offering. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale by such Selling Shareholders of the securities offered by them described in this prospectus.

A prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information included in this prospectus. Any statement contained in this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in such prospectus supplement modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified will be deemed to constitute a part of this prospectus only as so modified, and any statement so superseded will be deemed not to constitute a part of this prospectus. You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement. See the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information.”

We have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement we have prepared. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the Common Shares offered hereby and only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement. This prospectus is not an offer to sell our securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy our securities, in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date on the front of those documents, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under “Where You Can Find More Information.”

On January 25, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), we consummated the transactions contemplated by that certain Amended and Restated Business Combination Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2023 (as amended, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among the Company, NCAC, Newcourt SPAC Sponsor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”), Psyence Group Inc., a corporation organized under the laws of Ontario, Canada (“Parent”), Psyence (Cayman) Merger Sub, a Cayman Islands exempted company and a direct and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”), Psyence Biomed Corp., a corporation organized under the laws of British Columbia, Canada (“Psyence Biomed Corp.”), and Biomed II (collectively, the “Business Combination”). The following transactions occurred at the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”): (i) Parent contributed Biomed II to the Company in a share for share exchange (the “Company Exchange”), (ii) following the Company Exchange, Merger Sub merged with and into NCAC, with NCAC being the surviving company in the merger (the “Merger”) and each outstanding ordinary share of NCAC was converted into the right to receive one Common Share of the Company, and (iii) each outstanding warrant to purchase NCAC Class A Ordinary Shares was converted into a warrant to acquire one Common Share (the “warrants”) on substantially the same terms as were in effect immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”) under their terms.

On January 15, 2024, in connection with the Business Combination, the Company and Biomed II entered into the Securities Purchase Agreement with the Investors and the Sponsor, relating to up to four senior secured convertible notes (collectively, the “Notes” and the transactions pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the “Financing”), obligations under which are guaranteed by certain assets of the Company and Biomed II, issuable to the Investors at or after the Closing, as the case may be, for the aggregate principal amount of up to $12,500,000 in exchange for up to $10,000,000 in subscription amounts. The Notes for the first tranche of the Financing (the “First Tranche Notes”), for an aggregate of $3,125,000, were delivered by the Company to the Investors on January 25, 2024, in exchange for an aggregate of $2,500,000 in financing, which occurred substantially concurrently with, and was contingent upon, the consummation of the Business Combination.

In connection with the Closing of the Business Combination, the Company agreed to issue the Advisory Fee Shares to certain third party advisors as payment for transaction fees incurred in connection with the Business Combination.

FUNCTIONAL AND REPORTING CURRENCY

A substantial portion of Psyence’s activity, including transactions with customers, as well as equity transactions and cash investments, are incurred in Canadian dollars. Psyence’s management believes that the U.S. dollar is the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates. Thus, the functional and reporting currency for Psyence is the U.S. dollar.

INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

In this prospectus, we present industry data, information and statistics regarding Psyence’s industry, business and the markets in which Psyence competes as well as publicly available information, industry and general publications and research and studies conducted by third parties. This information is supplemented where necessary with Psyence’s own internal estimates and information obtained from discussions with its customers, taking into account publicly available information about other industry participants and Psyence’s management’s judgment where information is not publicly available. This information appears in “Prospectus Summary,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business” and other sections of this prospectus.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, we obtained this industry, business, market and other data from reports, research surveys, studies and similar data prepared by market research firms and other third parties, industry and general publications, government data and similar sources that we believe to be reliable. In some cases, we do not expressly refer to the sources from which this data is derived. In that regard, when we refer to one or more sources of this type of data in any paragraph, you should assume that other data of this type appearing in the same paragraph is derived from the same sources, unless otherwise expressly stated or the context otherwise requires. While we have compiled, extracted and reproduced industry data from these sources, we have not independently verified the data. Industry publications, research, studies and forecasts generally state that the information they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of such information is not guaranteed. Forecasts and other forward-looking information obtained from these sources are subject to the same qualifications and uncertainties as the other forward-looking statements in this prospectus. These forecasts and forward-looking information are subject to uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described under “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in any forecasts or estimates.

TRADEMARKS, TRADE NAMES AND SERVICE MARKS

This prospectus includes trademarks, tradenames and service marks, certain of which belong to Psyence and others that are the property of other organizations. Solely for convenience, trademarks, tradenames and service marks referred to in this prospectus appear without the ^®, TM and SM symbols, but the absence of those symbols is not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert our or their rights or that the applicable owner will not assert its rights to these trademarks, tradenames and service marks to the fullest extent under applicable law. We do not intend our use or display of other parties’ trademarks, trade names or service marks to imply, and such use or display should not be construed to imply, a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other parties.

FREQUENTLY USED TERMS

Unless otherwise stated or unless the context otherwise requires in this document:

“Articles of Incorporation” means the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, as registered on June 29, 2023.

“Board” means the board of directors of the Company.

“Biomed II” means Psyence Biomed II Corp., a corporation organized under the laws of Ontario, Canada.

“Business Combination” means the business combination transaction pursuant to which, among other things, (i) Parent contributed Biomed II to the Company in a share for share exchange and (ii) immediately thereafter, Merger Sub merged with and into NCAC, with NCAC being the surviving company in the merger and each outstanding NCAC Ordinary Share being converted into the right to receive one Common Share.

“Business Combination Agreement” means the Amended and Restated Business Combination Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2023, as amended on November 9, 2023, by and among NCAC, Sponsor, Parent, the Company, Merger Sub, Psyence Biomed Corp. and Biomed II.

“Cantor” means Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.

“CCM” means Cohen & Company Capital Markets, a division of J.V.B. Financial Group LLC, an affiliate of a passive member of the Sponsor.

“Closing” means the consummation of the Business Combination.

“Closing Date” means January 25, 2024.

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“Common Shares” means the common shares of the Company.

“Company Exchange” means the exchange in which Parent contributed Biomed II to the Company in a share for share exchange.

“Continental” means Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, our transfer agent and warrant agent.

“Effective Time” means the effective time of the Merger.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“IFRS” means the International Financial Reporting Standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

“IPO” means NCAC’s initial public offering of NCAC Public Units, consummated on October 22, 2021.

“JOBS Act” means the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended.

“Lock-Up Agreement” means the lock-up agreement, dated as of January 25, 2024, by and among the Company, NCAC and certain shareholders of the Company.

“Merger” means the merger in which Merger Sub merged with and into NCAC, with NCAC being the surviving company in the merger and each outstanding NCAC Ordinary Share being converted into the right to receive one Common Share.

“Merger Sub” means Psyence (Cayman) Merger Sub, a Cayman Islands exempted company and a direct and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

“Nasdaq” means The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.

“NCAC” means Newcourt Acquisition Corp, a Cayman Islands exempted company.

“NCAC Class A Ordinary Shares” means NCAC’s Class A Ordinary Shares, par value $0.0001 per share.

“NCAC Class B Ordinary Shares” means NCAC’s Class B Ordinary Shares, par value $0.0001 per share, which were converted into NCAC Class A Ordinary Shares on a one-for-one-basis on October 20, 2023.

“NCAC Ordinary Shares” means the NCAC Class A Ordinary Shares.

“NCAC Private Placement Shares” means the NCAC Class A Ordinary Shares included in the NCAC Private Placement Units.

“NCAC Private Placement Units” means the units, each unit consisting of one NCAC Private Placement Share and one-half of one NCAC Private Placement Warrant, purchased in a private placement in connection with the IPO.

“NCAC Private Placement Warrants” means the warrants to purchase NCAC Ordinary Shares underlying the NCAC Private Placement Units.

“NCAC Public Shareholders” means the holders of NCAC Public Shares.

“NCAC Public Shares” means NCAC Class A Ordinary Shares issued as part of the NCAC Public Units sold in the IPO.

“NCAC Public Units” means the 25,000,000 units issued in connection with the IPO, each of which consists of one NCAC Class A Ordinary Share and one-half of one NCAC Public Warrant.

“NCAC Public Warrants” means the warrants included in the NCAC Public Units sold in the IPO, each of which is exercisable for one NCAC Class A Ordinary Share, in accordance with its terms.

“NCAC Units” means the NCAC Public Units and the NCAC Private Placement Units, collectively.

“NCAC Warrants” means the NCAC Public Warrants and the NCAC Private Placement Warrants, collectively.

“OBCA” means the Business Corporations Act (Ontario).

“Original Business Combination Agreement” means that certain Business Combination Agreement entered into on January 9, 2023 by and among, NCAC, the Sponsor, Parent and Psyence Biomed Corp.

“Parent” means Psyence Group Inc., a corporation organized under the laws of Ontario, Canada.

“PCAOB” means the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

“Private Warrants” means the former NCAC Private Placement Warrants, which were converted at the Effective Time into a right to acquire one Common Share on substantially the same terms as were in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time under the terms of the Warrant Agreement.

“Psyence” or the “Company” means Psyence Biomedical, Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of Ontario, Canada, and where context warrants, including its subsidiaries.

“Public Warrants” means the former NCAC Public Warrants, which were converted at the Effective Time into a right to acquire one Common Share on substantially the same terms as were in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time under the terms of the Warrant Agreement.

“Securities” means Common Shares and Public Warrants, collectively.

“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“Sponsor” means Newcourt SPAC Sponsor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

“Sponsor Support Agreement” means the support agreement, dated as of January 18, 2024, by and among the Sponsor and the officers and directors of NCAC, in their capacities as shareholders of NCAC, NCAC and Psyence, pursuant to which such shareholders of NCAC agreed to, among other things, vote in favor of the Business Combination and other related matters.

“Structuring Shares” means the up to 3,000,000 Common Shares that are payable to the Investors as a structuring fee pursuant the Securities Purchase Agreement.

“Treasury Regulations” means the regulations, including proposed and temporary regulations, promulgated under the Code.

“Trust Account” means the trust account that held the net proceeds of the sale of the NCAC Public Units in the IPO and the sale of the NCAC Private Placement Units.

“Underwriting Agreement” means the Underwriting Agreement, dated October 19, 2021, entered into at the time of the IPO by and between NCAC and Cantor.

“U.S. GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.

“Warrant Agreement” means the warrant agreement, dated October 19, 2021, by and between NCAC and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, governing NCAC’s warrants.

PRICE RANGE OF SECURITIES AND DIVIDENDS

Price Range of Securities

Our Common Shares trade on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “PBM,” and certain of our Public Warrants trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “PBMWW.”

The closing price of our Common Shares and Public Warrants as reported by Nasdaq on February 8, 2024, was $0.94 and $0.03, respectively.

Dividends

Psyence has not paid any cash dividends on its shares to date and does not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent upon the Company’s revenue and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition. The payment of any cash dividends is within the discretion of the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”). Further, our ability to declare dividends may be limited by the terms of financing or other agreements entered into by us or our subsidiaries from time to time.

CAPITALIZATION 

The following table sets forth the capitalization of the Company on an unaudited pro forma combined basis as of September 30, 2023, after giving effect to the Business Combination and the Financing:

The information set forth in the section titled “Prospectus Summary – Recent Developments – Consummation of the Business Combination – Securities Purchase Agreement” is incorporated herein by reference.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following information about these risks, together with the other information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, including our financial statements, the notes thereto and the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” before deciding to invest in our securities. The occurrence of any of the following risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects, as well as our ability to accomplish our strategic objectives. As a result, the trading price of our securities could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations and the market price of our securities.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company and have incurred significant losses since our inception. We anticipate that we will incur significant losses for the foreseeable future.

Investment in biotechnology product development is highly speculative because it entails substantial upfront capital expenditures and significant risk that any potential product candidate will fail to demonstrate effectiveness or an acceptable safety profile, gain regulatory approval and become commercially viable. All of Psyence’s product candidates will require substantial additional capital expenditures and development time, including extensive clinical research and resources, before it would be able to apply for and then receive marketing authorization and begin generating revenue from product sales.

Since its inception, Psyence has invested most of its resources in establishing strategic partnerships, securing intellectual property licensing rights, building its own intellectual property portfolio, raising capital, building its management team and providing general and administrative support for these operations. Psyence has incurred losses in each year since its inception and expects to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future. Psyence’s net loss for the years ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 was USD$1.85 million and USD$3.15 million, respectively. To date, no products have been approved for commercial sale and Psyence has not generated any revenue. Psyence has financed operations solely through the sale of equity securities and convertible debt financings. Psyence continues to incur significant research and development and other expenses related to ongoing operations and expects to incur losses for the foreseeable future, including following the completion of the Business Combination.

Due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of its product candidates, Psyence is unable to predict the timing or amount of its expenses, or when it will be able to generate any meaningful revenue or achieve or maintain profitability, if ever. In addition, its expenses could increase beyond current expectations if Psyence is required by the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia (“TGA”), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”), Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the UK (“MHRA”), or other comparable foreign regulatory authorities, to perform preclinical studies or clinical trials in addition to those that Psyence currently anticipates, or if there are any delays in any of Psyence’s or its future collaborators’ clinical trials or the development of the existing product candidates and any other product candidates that Psyence may identify. Even if Psyence’s existing product candidates or any future product candidates that Psyence may identify are approved for commercial sale, Psyence anticipates incurring significant costs associated with commercializing any approved product and ongoing compliance efforts.

Psyence has a limited operating history and expects a number of factors to cause its operating results to fluctuate on an annual basis, which may make it difficult to predict the future performance of Psyence.

Psyence is a clinical stage biotechnology development company with a limited operating history. Consequently, any predictions made about Psyence’s future success or viability may not be as accurate as they could be if Psyence had a longer operating history and additional definitive partnership agreements in place. Psyence’s operating results are expected to significantly fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter or year-to- year due to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond its control. Factors relating to Psyence’s business that may contribute to these fluctuations include, but are not limited to:

Accordingly, the results of any historical financial periods should not be relied upon as indications of future operating performance.

Psyence has never generated revenue and may never be profitable.

Psyence may never be able to develop or commercialize marketable products or achieve profitability. Revenue from the sale of any product candidate for which regulatory approval is obtained will be dependent, in part, upon the size of the markets in the territories for which Psyence gains regulatory approval, the accepted price for the product, the acceptance of the product by physicians and patients, the ability to obtain reimbursement at any price and whether Psyence owns the commercial rights for that territory. Psyence’s growth strategy depends on its ability to generate revenue. In addition, if the number of addressable patients is not as anticipated, the indication or intended use approved by regulatory authorities is narrower than expected, or the reasonably accepted population for treatment is narrowed by competition, physician choice or treatment guidelines, Psyence may not generate significant revenue from sales of such products, even if approved. Even if Psyence is able to generate revenue from the sale of any approved products, Psyence may not become profitable and may need to obtain additional funding to continue operations. Even if Psyence were to achieve profitability in the future, it may not be able to sustain profitability in subsequent periods.

Psyence’s failure to achieve sustained profitability would depress the value of the Company and could impair its ability to raise capital, expand the business, diversify its research and development pipeline, market its product candidates, if approved, and pursue or continue operations. Psyence’s prior losses, combined with expected future losses, have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on shareholders’ equity and working capital.

The Company will require substantial additional funding to achieve its business goals, and if it is unable to obtain this funding when needed and on acceptable terms, it could be forced to delay, limit or terminate its product development efforts.

Psyence’s clinical trial and product development pipeline currently consists of one active preclinical study in Canada, and one Phase IIb study currently under review in Australia. We have also obtained approval from the MHRA to conduct a Phase IIa study in the UK, which was not initiated due to certain cost-effective incentives provided by Australia. Once the Phase IIb study in Australia is completed, a Phase III pivotal study program will begin, of which the size and number of trials will depend on the results of the Phase IIb study, the advice given to Psyence from the regulatory authorities and whether the FDA will assess the program as being fast-tracked or eligible as a breakthrough therapy. If the assessment is the latter, the Phase III program could be smaller than anticipated and less than the usual required two pivotal studies to support market authorization.

Psyence intends to submit the NDA requesting assessment via the 505(b)(2) pathway. A 505(b)(2) application is an NDA that contains full reports of investigations of safety and effectiveness, where at least some of the information required for approval comes from studies not conducted by or for the applicant, and for which the applicant has not obtained a right of reference or use, including, for example, the agency’s finding of safety and/or effectiveness for a listed drug or published literature. This could potentially allow for a shorter development program along with less data that is developed by Psyence, as compared to a regular NDA submission. Despite the usage of psilocybin for decades, there have been relatively few studies pertaining to psilocybin products due to the ban on the research into psychedelics. However, recently, academic institutions have been allowed to conduct such studies.

Conducting clinical trials and developing biopharmaceutical products is expensive and time consuming, and we expect to require substantial additional capital to conduct research, preclinical studies and clinical trials for the current and future trials, seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates and launch and commercialize any products for which Psyence may receive regulatory approval, including building our own commercial sales, marketing and distribution organization. Our management and strategic decision makers have not made decisions regarding the future allocation of certain resources among Psyence’s pipeline of trials, but continue to evaluate the needs and opportunities with respect to each of these trials routinely and on a case-by-case basis. Because the outcome of any preclinical or clinical development and regulatory approval process is highly uncertain (including the size and quantum of the Phase III registrational program), Psyence cannot reasonably estimate the actual amounts necessary to successfully complete the development, regulatory approval process and potential commercialization of its product candidates and any future product candidates it may identify.

Psyence expects that the cash provided in the Business Combination, together with Psyence’s existing cash, will be sufficient to fund operations through 18 months following the Closing. However, Psyence’s operating plan may change as a result of many factors currently unknown, and Psyence may need to seek additional funds sooner than planned, through public or private equity or debt financings, sales of assets or programs, other sources, such as strategic collaborations or license and development agreements, or a combination of these approaches. Even if Psyence believes that its funds are sufficient for its current or future operating plans, it may opportunistically seek additional capital if market conditions are favorable or for specific strategic considerations. Psyence’s spending will vary based on new and ongoing product development and business development activities. Any such additional fundraising efforts for Psyence may divert management from their day-to-day activities, which may adversely affect Psyence’s ability to develop and commercialize product candidates that Psyence may identify and pursue. Moreover, such financing may result in dilution to shareholders, imposition of debt covenants and repayment obligations, or other restrictions that may affect Psyence’s business. Changing circumstances, some of which may be beyond Psyence’s control, could cause Psyence to consume capital significantly faster than currently anticipated, and Psyence may need to seek additional funds sooner than planned. Psyence’s future funding requirements, both short-term and long-term, will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to:

Psyence cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Market volatility resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and the related U.S. and global economic impact or other factors could also adversely impact the ability to access funds as and when needed. If adequate funds are not available to Psyence on a timely basis, Psyence may be required to delay, limit or terminate one or more research or development programs or trials or the potential commercialization of any approved products or be unable to expand operations or otherwise capitalize on business opportunities, as desired, which could materially affect Psyence’s business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on our current key personnel and our ability to attract and retain employees.

Our future growth and success depends on our ability to recruit, retain, manage and motivate our employees. We are highly dependent on our current management and scientific personnel, including Dr. Neil Maresky (Chief Executive Officer), Jody Aufrichtig (Executive Chairman), Warwick Corden-Lloyd (Chief Financial Officer), Dr. Clive Ward-Able (Medical Director) and Taryn Vos (General Counsel). The inability to hire or retain experienced management personnel could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and harm our operating results. Due to the specialized scientific and managerial nature of our business, we rely heavily on our ability to attract and retain qualified scientific, technical and managerial personnel. The competition for qualified personnel in the pharmaceutical field is intense and we may be unable to continue to attract and retain qualified personnel necessary for the development of our business or to recruit suitable replacement personnel.

The pro forma financial statements are presented for illustrative purposes only and may not be an indication of the Company’s financial condition or results of operations following the completion of the Business Combination.

The pro forma financial statements contained in this prospectus are presented for illustrative purposes only and may not be an indication of the Company’s financial condition or results of operations following the completion of the Business Combination for several reasons. The pro forma financial statements have been derived from the historical financial statements of NCAC and Psyence and adjustments and assumptions have been made regarding the Company after giving effect to the Business Combination. The information upon which these adjustments and assumptions have been made is preliminary, and these kinds of adjustments and assumptions are difficult to make with accuracy. As a result, the actual financial condition and results of operations of the Company following the completion of the Business Combination may not be consistent with, or evident from, these pro forma financial statements. The assumptions used in preparing the pro forma financial information may not prove to be accurate, and other factors may affect the Company’s financial condition or results of operations following the Business Combination. Any decline or potential decline in the Company’s financial condition or results of operations may cause significant variations in the market price of the Company’s securities.

Our historical financial results and our unaudited pro forma combined financial statements may not be representative of our results as a separate, stand-alone company.

The historical financial information we have included in this prospectus has been derived from the financial statements and accounting records of Parent and does not necessarily reflect what our financial position, results of operations or cash flows would have been had we been a separate, stand-alone company during the periods presented. The historical information does not necessarily indicate what our results of operations, financial position, cash flows or costs and expenses will be in the future. Our pro forma financial information set forth under “Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Information” reflects changes to our operations as a result of the separation. However, there can be no assurances that this unaudited pro forma combined financial information will appropriately reflect our financial position or results of operations as a separate, stand-alone company.

The psychedelic therapy and biotechnology industries are undergoing rapid growth and substantial change, which has resulted in an increase in competitors, consolidation and formation of strategic relationships. Acquisitions or other consolidating transactions could harm Psyence in a number of ways, including by losing strategic partners if they are acquired by or enter into relationships with a competitor, losing customers, revenue and market share, or forcing Psyence to expend greater resources to meet new or additional competitive threats, all of which could harm Psyence’s operating results.

The psychedelic therapy and biotechnology industries are intensely competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Psyence has competitors in Canada, the United States, Europe and other jurisdictions, including major multinational pharmaceutical companies, established biotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies and universities and other research institutions. Many of its competitors have greater financial and other resources, such as larger research and development staff and more experienced marketing and manufacturing organizations than it does. Large pharmaceutical companies, in particular, have extensive experience in, and substantial capital resources for, conducting research, molecular derivative development, obtaining regulatory approvals, obtaining intellectual property protection and establishing key relationships. These companies also have significantly greater sales and marketing capabilities and experience in completing collaborative transactions in Psyence’s target markets with leading companies and research institutions.

Psyence’s competitors may introduce new psychedelic analogs or develop technological advances that compete with Psyence. Psyence cannot predict the timing or impact of competitors introducing new psychedelic analogs or technological advances. Such competing psychedelic analogs may be safer, more effective, more effectively marketed, licensed or sold or have lower prices or superior performance features than Psyence’s psychedelic analogs, and this could negatively impact Psyence’s business and results of operations. Established pharmaceutical companies may also invest heavily to accelerate discovery and development of novel compounds or to in-license novel compounds that could make the psychedelic analogs that Psyence develops obsolete. As a result of any of these factors, Psyence’s competitors may succeed in obtaining patent protection or discovering, developing and commercializing psychedelic analogs before Psyence does or may develop psychedelic analogs that are deemed to be more effective or gain greater market acceptance than those of Psyence.

Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative transactions with large, established companies. In addition, many universities and private and public research institutions may become active in the development of novel compounds. Psyence’s competitors may succeed in developing, acquiring or licensing on an exclusive basis, technologies and psychedelic analogs that are more effective or less costly than any of the psychedelic analogs that Psyence is currently developing or that it may develop, which could render its psychedelic analogs obsolete or non- competitive. If Psyence’s competitors market psychedelic analogs that are more effective, safer or less expensive or that reach the market sooner than Psyence’s psychedelic analogs, if any, Psyence may not achieve commercial success. In addition, because of its limited resources, it may be difficult for Psyence to stay abreast of the rapid changes in each technology. If Psyence fails to stay at the forefront of technological change, it may be unable to compete effectively. Technological advances or products developed by its competitors may render its technologies or psychedelic analogs obsolete, less competitive or not economical.

Current and future preclinical and clinical studies will be conducted outside the United States, and the FDA may not accept data from such studies to support any NDAs submitted after completing the applicable developmental and regulatory prerequisites (absent an IND).

Psyence is conducting a preclinical and a clinical study outside the United States. Psyence has received full approval of a study in the UK from the MHRA, which was not initiated due to certain cost-effective incentives provided by Australia. Psyence has also made a submission to the Australian Human Research Ethics Committees (HRECs) for the review of research proposals involving human participants to ensure that they are ethically acceptable. The protocol under review in Australia will be reviewed as part of a Pre-IND (Investigational New Drug) application by the FDA. To the extent Psyence does not conduct these clinical trials under an IND, the FDA may not accept data from such trials. Although the FDA may accept data from clinical trials conducted outside the United States that are not conducted under an IND, the FDA’s acceptance of these data is subject to certain conditions. For example, the clinical trial must be well designed and conducted and performed by qualified investigators in accordance with ethical principles and all applicable FDA regulations. The trial population must also adequately represent the intended U.S. population, and the data must be applicable to the U.S. population and U.S. medical practice in ways that the FDA deems clinically meaningful. There can be no guarantee that the FDA will accept data from trials conducted outside of the United States. If the FDA does not accept the data from such clinical trials, this would likely result in the need for additional trials and the completion of additional regulatory steps, which would be costly and time-consuming and could delay or permanently halt the development of Psyence’s product candidates.

There is a high rate of failure for product candidates proceeding through clinical trials.

Psyence has no registered products on the market, and its new potential psilocybin-based product candidates are currently either in the preclinical or clinical development phase. Psyence’s ability to achieve and sustain profitability with respect to its product candidates in which psilocybin is featured as the active pharmaceutical ingredient depends on obtaining regulatory approvals for and, if approved, successfully commercializing, its product candidates, either alone or with third parties. Before obtaining regulatory approval for the commercial distribution of its current or future product candidates, Psyence or an existing or future collaborator must conduct extensive preclinical tests and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety, purity and potency of its product candidates.

Generally, there is a high rate of failure for product candidates proceeding through clinical trials. Psyence may suffer significant setbacks in its clinical trials similar to the experience of a number of other companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, even after receiving promising results in earlier trials. Further, even if Psyence views the results of a clinical trial to be positive, applicable international regulatory authorities may disagree with Psyence’s interpretation of the data. In the event that Psyence obtains negative results from clinical trials for product candidates or other problems related to potential chemistry, manufacturing and control issues or other hurdles occur and its current or future product candidates are not approved, Psyence may not be able to generate sufficient revenue or obtain financing to continue its operations, its ability to execute on its current business plan may be materially impaired and its reputation in the industry and in the investment community might be significantly damaged. In addition, Psyence’s inability to properly design, commence and complete clinical trials may negatively impact the timing and results of its clinical trials and ability to seek approvals for its product candidates.

The testing, marketing and manufacturing of any new drug product for use in the U.S. will require approval from the FDA. Psyence cannot predict with any certainty the amount of time necessary to obtain such FDA approval and whether any such approval will ultimately be granted. Preclinical and clinical trials may reveal that one or more product candidates are ineffective or unsafe, in which event further development of such product candidates could be seriously delayed or terminated. Moreover, obtaining approval for certain product candidates may require testing on human subjects of substances whose effects on humans are not fully understood or documented. Delays in obtaining FDA or any other necessary regulatory approvals of any proposed drug and failure to receive such approvals would have an adverse effect on the drug’s potential commercial success and on Psyence’s business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, it is possible that a proposed drug may be found to be ineffective or unsafe due to conditions or facts that arise after development has been completed and regulatory approvals have been obtained. In this event, Psyence may be required to withdraw such proposed drug from the market. To the extent that its success will depend on any regulatory approvals from government authorities outside of the U.S. that perform roles similar to that of the FDA, uncertainties similar to those stated above will also exist.

Because the results of preclinical studies and earlier clinical trials are not necessarily predictive of future results, Psyence may not have favorable results in its planned and future clinical trials.

Successful development of therapeutic products is highly uncertain and is dependent on numerous factors, many of which are beyond Psyence’s control. Product candidates that appear promising in the early phases of development may fail to reach the market for several reasons, including, but not limited to:

Any positive results from preclinical testing of Psyence’s prospective product candidates may not necessarily be predictive of the results from planned or future clinical trials for such product candidates. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in clinical trials after achieving positive results in preclinical and early clinical development, and Psyence cannot be certain that it will not face similar setbacks. These setbacks have been caused by, among other things, preclinical findings while clinical trials were underway or safety or efficacy observations in clinical trials, including adverse events. If Psyence fails to produce positive results in its planned clinical trials for its product candidates as described in the section titled “Business”, or its future clinical trials, the development timeline and regulatory approval and commercialization prospects for such product candidates, and, correspondingly, Psyence’s business and financial prospects, would be materially adversely affected.

Negative results from clinical trials or studies of others and adverse safety events involving Psyence’s psychedelic analogs could have a material adverse effect on Psyence’s business.

From time to time, studies or clinical trials on medical-grade psilocybin mushroom products may be conducted or sponsored by academics, research institutions or others, including government agencies. The publication of negative results of studies or clinical trials related to Psyence’s proposed products or the therapeutic areas in which Psyence’s proposed products will compete could have a material adverse effect on Psyence’s business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Supply chain interruptions could delay Psyence in the process of developing its product candidates.

There are few licensed suppliers of input materials for the manufacture of Psyence’s product candidates. Any loss of stored materials or facilities through fire, theft or other causes could have an adverse effect on Psyence’s ability to procure the product candidate materials and continue product development activities. Furthermore, Psyence is largely dependent on Filament, for the supply of PEX010 (a capsule containing 25mg naturally sourced psilocybin and product being used in Psyence’s Phase IIb Study), and despite Psyence’s rights to manufacture the product candidate itself or through a third-party CMO in the event that Filament is unable to meet an order or demand for product, any interruption in Filament’s supply chain will lead to delays in Psyence’s drug development timelines. Furthermore, Filament will be required to continue to meet regulatory requirements applicable to the PEX010 product candidate and maintain GMP compliant standards which dictate the minimum requirements for the methods, facilities and controls used in manufacturing, processing and packing of a drug product. There can be no assurances that Filament or any CMOs will be able to meet Psyence’s timetable and requirements or carry out their contractual obligations in accordance with the applicable regulations. In addition, the drug product supplied to Psyence may not meet its specifications and quality policies and procedures nor may they be able to supply the drug product in commercial quantities when the time comes. If Psyence is unable to arrange for alternative third-party supply sources on commercially reasonable terms or in a timely manner, it may delay the development of its product candidates and could have a material adverse effect on Psyence’s business operations and financial condition.

Further, the failure of CMOs to operate in compliance with GMP or other applicable quality related regulations could result in, among other things, certain product liability claims in the event such failure to comply results in defective products that caused injury or harm. In general, Psyence’s dependence upon third parties for the supply of Psyence’s drug product may adversely affect profit margins and Psyence’s ability o develop and deliver viable end products on a timely and competitive basis.

Psyence’s proprietary information, or that of its strategic business partners, may be lost or Psyence may suffer security breaches.

In the ordinary course of business, Psyence collects and stores sensitive data, including valuable and commercially sensitive intellectual property, clinical trial data, proprietary business information and that of Psyence’s strategic business partners, as well as the personally identifiable information of clinical trial subjects, employees and patients, in and on Psyence’s networks. Despite security measures, information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise Psyence’s networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, regulatory penalties, disruption of operations, damage to Psyence’s reputation, and cause a loss of confidence in Psyence’s ability to conduct clinical trials, which could adversely affect Psyence’s business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Costs associated with compliance with numerous laws and regulations could impact our financial results. In addition, we could become subject to increased enforcement and/or litigation risks associated with the psychedelic therapeutics industry.

The manufacture, labeling and distribution of products containing psilocybin or other psychedelic analogs is governed by various federal, state and local agencies. To the extent we are able to successfully commercialize any of our currently contemplated product candidates via the FDA’s NDA approval pathway, the presence of psychedelic analogs as active or inactive ingredients, as applicable, may give rise to heightened regulatory scrutiny and greater risk of consumer litigation, either of which could further restrict the permissible scope of our marketing claims about such products or our ability to sell them in the United States at all. The shifting compliance environment and the need to build and maintain robust systems to comply with different psychedelic-related regulations in jurisdictions may increase costs and/or the risk that we may violate one or more applicable regulatory requirements. If our operations, or any of our activities or prospective products, are found to be in violation of any such laws or any other governmental regulations that apply to the manufacture, distribution, or sale of prescription drug products, generally, and to products containing psychedelic analogs, we may be subject to penalties, including, without limitation, civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business or our financial results.

Failure to comply with any applicable regulatory requirements, relating to psilocybin or otherwise, may result in, among other things, injunctions, product withdrawals, recalls, product seizures, fines and criminal prosecutions. Additionally, advertising and labeling laws are often enforced by governmental officials, and any action based on potentially misleading or deceptive advertising is often followed by costly class-action complaints under consumer-protection laws.

Psyence may acquire businesses or products, or form additional strategic alliances, in the future, and may not realize the benefits of such acquisitions.

Psyence may acquire additional businesses or products, form additional strategic alliances, or create joint ventures with third parties that it believes will complement or augment its existing business. Any of these relationships may require Psyence to incur non-recurring and other charges, increase Psyence’s near and long-term expenditures, issue securities that dilute Psyence’s existing shareholders or disrupt Psyence’s management and business. In addition, we face significant competition in seeking appropriate strategic partners and the negotiation process is time-consuming and complex. If Psyence acquires businesses with promising markets or technologies, it may not be able to realize the benefit of acquiring such businesses if it is unable to successfully integrate them with its existing operations and company culture. Psyence may encounter numerous difficulties in developing, manufacturing, and marketing any new products resulting from a strategic alliance or acquisition that delay or prevent it from realizing their expected benefits or enhancing its business. There is no assurance that, following any such acquisition, Psyence will achieve the synergies expected in order to justify the transaction, which could result in a material adverse effect on its business and prospects.

We will need substantial additional financing to develop our product candidates and implement our operating plans. If we fail to obtain additional financing, we may be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidates.

We expect to spend a substantial amount of capital in the development and manufacturing of our product candidates, and we will need substantial additional financing to do so. In particular, we will require substantial additional financing to enable commercial production of our product candidates and initiate and complete registrational trials for multiple products in multiple regions. Further, if approved, we will require significant additional capital in order to launch and commercialize our product candidates.

As of September 30, 2023, we had USD$605,480 in cash and cash equivalents. Changing circumstances may cause us to consume capital significantly faster than we currently anticipate, and we may need to spend more money than currently expected because of circumstances beyond our control. We may also need to raise additional capital sooner than we currently anticipate if we choose to expand more rapidly than we presently plan. In any event, we will require additional capital for the further development and commercialization of our product candidates.

We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. We have no committed source of additional capital. If we are unable to raise additional capital in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development or commercialization of our product candidates or other research and development initiatives. We could be required to seek collaborators for our product candidates at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable or on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available or relinquish or license on unfavorable terms our rights to our product candidates in markets where we otherwise would seek to pursue development or commercialization ourselves.

Any of the above events could significantly harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations and cause the price of our Common Shares to decline.

In addition, future changes in regulations, changes in legal status of psilocybin-containing products, more vigorous enforcement thereof or other unanticipated events could require extensive changes to Psyence’s operations, increased compliance costs or give rise to material liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on the business, results of operations and financial condition of Psyence.

We rely on third parties to conduct our clinical trials. If these third parties do not properly and successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval of, or commercialize, our product candidates.

Psyence relies on iNGENū to conduct clinical development activities with Psyence’s product candidates, which activities involve trial design, regulatory submissions, clinical patient recruitment, clinical trial monitoring, clinical data management and analysis, safety monitoring and project management.

Additionally, we expect to utilize and depend upon independent investigators and collaborators, such as medical institutions, CROs, CDMOs and strategic partners to conduct our preclinical studies under agreements with us and in connection with our clinical trials. We expect to have to negotiate budgets and contracts with CROs, trial sites and CDMOs, which may result in delays to our development timelines and increase costs. We will rely heavily on these third parties over the course of our clinical trials, and we control only certain aspects of their activities. As a result, we have less direct control over the conduct, timing and completion of these clinical trials and the management of data developed through clinical trials than would be the case if we were relying entirely upon our own staff. Nevertheless, we are responsible for ensuring that each of our studies is conducted in accordance with applicable protocol, legal and regulatory requirements and scientific standards and our reliance on third parties does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities. We and these third parties are required to comply with good clinical practices (“GCPs”), which are regulations and guidelines enforced by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities for product candidates in clinical development. Regulatory authorities enforce these GCPs through periodic inspections of trial sponsors, principal investigators and trial sites. If we or any of these third parties fail to comply with applicable GCP regulations, the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may require us to perform additional clinical trials before approving our marketing applications. We cannot assure you that, upon inspection, such regulatory authorities will determine that any of our clinical trials comply with the GCP regulations. Our failure or any failure by these third parties to comply with these regulations or to recruit a sufficient number of patients may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the regulatory approval process. Moreover, our business may be implicated if any of these third parties violates federal or state fraud and abuse or false claims laws and regulations or healthcare privacy and security laws.

Any third parties conducting our clinical trials are not and will not be our employees and, except for remedies available to us under our agreements with such third parties, we cannot control whether or not they devote sufficient time and resources to our product candidates. These third parties may also have relationships with other commercial entities, including our competitors, for whom they may also be conducting clinical trials or other drug development activities, which could affect their performance on our behalf. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines, if they need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols or regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated and we may not be able to complete development of, obtain regulatory approval of or successfully commercialize our product candidates. As a result, our financial results and the commercial prospects for our product candidates would be harmed, our costs could increase and our ability to generate revenue could be delayed.

Switching or adding third parties to conduct our clinical trials involves substantial cost and requires extensive management time and focus. In addition, changes in manufacturers often involve changes in manufacturing procedures and processes, which could require that we conduct bridging studies between our prior clinical supply used in our clinical trials and that of any new manufacturer. We may be unsuccessful in demonstrating the comparability of clinical supplies which could require the conduct of additional clinical trials. Additionally, there is a natural transition period when a new third party commences work. As a result, delays occur, which can materially impact our ability to meet our desired clinical development timelines.

We are dependent on licensed intellectual property. If we were to lose our rights to licensed intellectual property, we may not be able to continue developing or commercializing our product candidates, if approved. If we breach any of the agreements under which we license the use, development and commercialization rights to our product candidates or technology from third parties or, in certain cases, we fail to meet certain development deadlines, we could lose license rights that are important to our business.

We do not currently own any patents, and we are heavily reliant upon a number of license agreements under which we are granted rights to intellectual property that are important to our business and we may need or choose to enter into additional license agreements in the future.

Specifically, our business and active Phase IIb clinical trial are highly dependent on Research IP Agreement with Filament, which expires in April 2027. Until we develop our own product candidates, the termination, non-renewal or hinderance of use of the license granted under the Research IP Agreement would have a material adverse effect on our ability to develop its product candidates as it currently does.

Our existing license agreements impose, and we expect that future license agreements will impose on us, various development, regulatory and/or commercial diligence obligations, payment of milestones and/or royalties and other obligations. If we fail to comply with our obligations under these agreements, the licensor may have the right to terminate the license, in which event we would not be able to market products covered by the license. Our business could suffer, for example, if any current or future licenses terminate, if the licensors fail to abide by the terms of the license, if the licensed patents or other rights are found to be invalid or unenforceable, or if we are unable to enter into necessary licenses on acceptable terms.

Licensing of intellectual property is of critical importance to our business and involves complex legal, business and scientific issues. Disputes may arise between us and our licensors regarding intellectual property subject to a license agreement, including:

If disputes over intellectual property that we have licensed prevent or impair our ability to maintain our current licensing arrangements on acceptable terms, we may be unable to successfully develop and commercialize the affected product candidates.

We may enter into additional licenses to third-party intellectual property that are necessary or useful to our business. Our current licenses and any future licenses that we may enter into may impose various royalty payment, milestone, and other obligations on us. Under some license agreements, we may not control prosecution of the licensed intellectual property, or may not have the first right to enforce the intellectual property. In those cases, we may not be able to adequately influence patent prosecution or enforcement, or prevent inadvertent lapses of coverage due to failure to pay maintenance fees. If we fail to comply with any of our obligations under a current or future license agreement, the licensor may allege that we have breached our license agreement, and may accordingly seek to terminate our license. Termination of any of our current or future licenses could result in our loss of the right to use the licensed intellectual property, which could materially adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize a product candidate or product, if approved, as well as harm our competitive business position and our business prospects. Under some license agreements, termination may also result in the transfer of or granting in rights under certain of our intellectual property and information related to the product candidate being developed under the license, such as regulatory information.

The agreements under which we license intellectual property or technology to or from third parties are complex, and certain provisions in such agreements may be susceptible to multiple interpretations. The resolution of any contract interpretation disagreement that may arise could narrow what we believe to be the scope of our rights to the relevant intellectual property or technology or increase what we believe to be our financial or other obligations under the relevant agreement, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Moreover, if disputes over intellectual property that we have licensed prevent or impair our ability to maintain our current licensing arrangements on commercially acceptable terms, we may be unable to successfully develop and commercialize the affected product candidates.

In addition, if our licensors fail to abide by the terms of the license, if the licensors fail to prevent infringement by third parties, if the licensed patents or other rights are found to be invalid or unenforceable, or if we are unable to enter into necessary licenses on acceptable terms, our business could suffer. Moreover, our licensors may own or control intellectual property that has not been licensed to us and, as a result, we may be subject to claims, regardless of their merit, that we are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the licensor’s rights.

Similarly, if we are unable to successfully obtain rights to required third-party intellectual property rights or maintain the existing intellectual property rights we have, we may have to seek alternative options, such as developing new product candidates with design-around technologies, which may require more time and investment, or abandon development of the relevant research programs or product candidates and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could suffer.

We (or iNGENū in conducting our clinical trials) will depend on enrollment of patients in our clinical trials for our product candidates. If we encounter difficulties enrolling patients in our clinical trials, our clinical development activities could be delayed or otherwise adversely affected.

Identifying and qualifying patients to participate in clinical trials of our product candidates will be critical to our success. We may experience difficulties in patient enrollment in our clinical trials for a variety of reasons. The timely completion of clinical trials in accordance with their protocols depends, among other things, on our ability to enroll a sufficient number of patients who remain in the study until its conclusion. The enrollment of patients depends on many factors, including:

Moreover, because our product candidates represent a departure from more commonly used methods for AjD treatment, potential study participants and their doctors may be inclined to use conventional therapies, such as pure psychotherapy, rather than participate in our clinical trials.

Delays in patient enrollment may result in increased costs or may affect the timing or outcome of the planned clinical trials, which could prevent completion of these clinical trials and adversely affect our ability to advance the development of our product candidates. In addition, many of the factors that may lead to a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates.

Psyence’s insurance coverage may be inadequate or expensive.

Psyence’s business is subject to a number of risks and hazards generally, including adverse clinical trial results, accidents, labor disputes and changes in the regulatory environment. Such occurrences could result in damage to assets, personal injury or death, environmental damage, delays in operations, monetary losses and possible legal liability.

Psyence’s insurance may not cover all the potential risks associated with its operations. Psyence may also be unable to maintain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums. Insurance coverage may not be available (or generally available on acceptable terms) or may not be adequate to cover any resulting liability. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large retention, or deductible, or co-insurance requirements, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Certain significant personnel may allocate their time to other businesses, which may cause conflicts of interest in their determination as to how much time to devote to our affairs and potentially competitive fiduciary and pecuniary interests that conflict with our interests.

Certain of Psyence’s directors and officers do not devote their full time to the affairs of Psyence and certain of Psyence’s directors and officers are also directors, officers and shareholders of other biotechnology and research and development companies or other public companies in general, and as a result they may find themselves in a position where their duty to another company conflicts with their duty to Psyence. Although Psyence has policies which address such potential conflicts and the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) has provisions governing directors in the event of such a conflict, there is no assurance that any such conflicts will be resolved in favor of Psyence. If any such conflicts are not resolved in favor of Psyence, Psyence may be adversely affected.

Risks Related to Regulatory Matters

If we fail to comply with healthcare regulations, we could face substantial enforcement actions, including civil and criminal penalties and our business, operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

The research and development, studying, manufacturing, packaging, labeling, advertising and distribution of Psyence’s planned product candidates are subject to regulation by one or more governmental authorities, and various agencies of the federal, provincial, state and localities in which Psyence intends to commercialize its products. These governmental authorities may attempt to regulate any of its products that fall within their jurisdiction. Such governmental authorities may not accept the evidence of safety for any ingredients that Psyence may want to market, may determine that a particular product or product ingredient presents an unacceptable health risk and may determine that a particular statement of nutritional support that Psyence wants to use is an unacceptable claim. Such a determination would prevent Psyence from marketing particular products or using certain statements of nutritional support on its products. Psyence also may be unable to disseminate third-party literature that supports its products if the third-party literature fails to satisfy certain requirements. In addition, governmental authorities could require Psyence to remove a particular product from the market. Any recall or removal would result in additional costs to Psyence, including lost revenues from any products that it is required to remove from the market, any of which could be material. Any such product recalls or removals could lead to liability, substantial costs and reduced growth prospects, all of which could be material.

Our prospective products will be subject to the various federal and state laws and regulations relating to health and safety and failure to comply with, or changes in, these laws or regulations could have an adverse impact on our business.

We are in the process of developing an investigational new drug for which we intend to pursue FDA approval via the New Drug Application (“NDA”) process.

In connection with our development and future commercialization (if applicable) of the above- described prospective products, we and each contemplated product candidate are subject to the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). The FDCA is intended to assure the consumer, in part, that drugs and devices are safe and effective for their intended uses and that all labeling and packaging is truthful, informative, and not deceptive. The FDCA and FDA regulations define the term “drug,” in part, by reference to its intended use, as “articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease” and “articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals.” Therefore, almost any ingested or topical or injectable product that, through its label or labeling (including internet websites, promotional pamphlets, and other marketing material), that is claimed to be beneficial for such uses will be regulated by FDA as a drug. The definition also includes components of drugs, such as active pharmaceutical ingredients. Drugs must generally either receive premarket approval by FDA through the NDA process or conform to a “monograph” for a particular drug category, as established by FDA’s Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drug Review. If the FDA does not award premarket approval for our product candidates through the NDA process, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The FDA will accept data from studies performed in other countries, as long as the study complies with GCP and ICH guidelines. FDA will review the Phase IIb protocol prior to the start of the study to provide advice on what and how aspects of the trial will be captured. Advice from a pre-IND meeting with the FDA was received in July 2023, which informed the Phase IIb study design and may also inform the phase III program we plan to do.

Clinical trials are expensive, time-consuming, uncertain and susceptible to change, delay or termination. The results of clinical trials are open to differing interpretations.

Clinical testing is expensive, time consuming, and uncertain as to outcome and may be more costly than anticipated due various factors including, but not limited to, regulatory environment, legal compliance, supply and demand of services and inflationary costs. We cannot guarantee that any clinical trials will be conducted as planned or completed on schedule, or at all. Failures in connection with one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing.

Regulatory agencies may analyze or interpret the results of clinical trials differently than Psyence. Even if the results of the clinical trials are favorable, the clinical trials for the product candidates are expected to continue for several years and may take significantly longer to complete. Events that may prevent successful or timely completion of clinical development include:

Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Psyence may be subject to federal, state and foreign healthcare laws and regulations and implementation of or changes to such healthcare laws and regulations could adversely affect Psyence’s business and results of operations.

If Psyence successfully completes the requisite preclinical and clinical testing, makes the required regulatory submissions and obtains any corresponding authorizations or licenses (as applicable), fulfills all other applicable development-related regulatory obligations, and, eventually, obtains FDA approval to market one or more of its current or future product candidates in the United States, Psyence will be subject to certain healthcare laws and regulations. In Australia, the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change the healthcare system in ways that could impact Psyence’s ability to commercialize Psyence’s product candidates. If Psyence were found to be in violation of any of these laws or any other federal, state or foreign regulations, Psyence may be subject to administrative, civil and/or criminal penalties, damages, fines, individual imprisonment, exclusion from federal health care programs and the restructuring of its operations. Any of these could have a material adverse effect on its business and financial results. Since many of these laws have not been fully interpreted by the courts, there is an increased risk that Psyence may be found in violation of one or more of their provisions. Any action against Psyence for violation of these laws, even if Psyence is ultimately successful in its defense, will cause Psyence to incur significant legal expenses and divert management’s attention away from the operation of the business. In addition, in many foreign countries, particularly the countries of the European Union, the pricing of prescription drugs is subject to government control.

Serious adverse events or other safety risks could require Psyence to abandon development and preclude, delay or limit approval of its current or future product candidates, limit the scope of any approved label or market acceptance, or cause the recall or loss of marketing approval of products that are already marketed.

If any of Psyence’s current or future product candidates, prior to or after any approval for commercial sale, cause serious or unexpected side effects, or are associated with other safety risks such as misuse, abuse or diversion, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result, including:

Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of our product candidates, if approved, and could significantly harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Psyence may voluntarily suspend or terminate a clinical trial if at any time its believes that any of its product candidates presents an unacceptable risk to participants, if preliminary data demonstrates that the product candidate is unlikely to receive regulatory approval or unlikely to be successfully commercialized, or if sufficient funds to proceed to the next phases of clinical trials are not raised.

After obtaining the requisite regulatory authorizations to commence or advance clinical trials, Psyence may voluntarily suspend or terminate any of its clinical trials for any number of reasons, including if it believes that a product candidate’s use, or a person’s exposure to such product candidate, may cause adverse health consequences or death. In addition, regulatory agencies may at any time recommend the temporary or permanent discontinuation of a clinical trial or request that Psyence cease using investigators in the clinical trials if the agency believes that a clinical trial is not being conducted in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements, or that it presents an unacceptable safety risk to participants. If Psyence elects or is forced to suspend or terminate a clinical trial of any of its product candidates, the commercial prospects for that product will be harmed and its ability to generate product revenue from such product candidate may be delayed or eliminated. Furthermore, any of these events may result in labeling statements such as warnings or contraindications. In addition, such events or labeling could prevent Psyence or its partners from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the affected product candidate and could substantially increase the costs of commercializing its future product candidates and impair its ability to generate revenue from the commercialization of these product candidates either by Psyence or by its collaboration partners.

The clinical trial is divided into stages and progression of each stage is dependent on governmental approval to proceed to the next stage being furnished by Psyence. Accordingly, if Psyence believes that it does not have sufficient funds to progress with the next phases of the clinical trials, or for any other reason, Psyence is entitled to exercise this discretion in accordance with applicable laws and regulatory compliance and approvals, taking patient risk and safety into account.

The success of Psyence’s product candidates and future approved products, if any, is subject to a number of constantly-evolving state and federal laws, regulations, and enforcement policies pertaining to psilocybin containing products.

Local, state, federal, and international psilocybin laws and regulations remain highly restrictive and subject to evolving interpretations, which could require Psyence to incur substantial costs associated with compliance requirements. Psyence seeks independent local legal opinions confirming the lawfulness of Psyence’s existing and proposed activities as well as its compliance with legal, regulatory and governmental developments as they pertain to and affect Psyence’s operations. In addition, violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could disrupt Psyence’s business and result in a material adverse effect on Psyence’s operations. In addition, it is possible that regulations may be enacted in the future that will be directly applicable to Psyence’s proposed business regarding the administration of psilocybin or psilocybin- assisted psychotherapy. Psyence cannot predict the nature of any future laws, regulations, interpretations, or applications, nor can it determine what effect additional governmental regulations or administrative policies and procedures, when and if promulgated, could have on its activities in the psychedelics industry.

There can be no assurance that Psyence’s product candidates containing psilocybin (as the active pharmaceutical ingredient) will be approved for commercialization in Australia, the U.S. or any other target jurisdiction at any time in the near or distant future. Any regulations the FDA issues relating to the sale, marketing, and/or other activities involving administration of psilocybin or psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy could have a material adverse effect on Psyence’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may seek fast track and breakthrough therapy designations or priority review for one or more of our product candidates, but we might not receive such designation or priority review, and even if we do, such designation or priority review may not lead to a faster development or regulatory review or approval process, and does not assure FDA approval of our product candidates. Even if a product qualifies for such designation or priority review, the FDA may later decide that the product no longer meets the conditions for qualification or decide that the time period for FDA review or approval will not be shortened.

We may seek fast track, breakthrough therapy, and/or regenerative medicine advanced therapy designations or priority review for one or more of our product candidates.

The FDA may issue a fast track designation to a product candidate if it is intended, whether alone or in combination with one or more other products, for the treatment of a serious or life-threatening disease or condition, and it demonstrates the potential to address unmet medical needs for such a disease or condition. Fast track designation applies to the combination of the product and the specific indication for which it is being studied. The sponsor of a new biologic may request that the FDA designate the biologic as a fast track product at any time during the clinical development of the product. For fast track products, sponsors may have greater interactions with the FDA during product development. A fast track product may also be eligible for rolling review, where the FDA may consider for review sections of the BLA on a rolling basis before the complete application is submitted, if the sponsor provides a schedule for the submission of the sections of the BLA, the FDA agrees to accept sections of the BLA and determines that the schedule is acceptable, and the sponsor pays any required user fees upon submission of the first section of the BLA. However, the FDA’s goal for reviewing a BLA fast track application under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (“PDUFA”) does not begin until the last section of the application is submitted. Fast track designation may be withdrawn by the FDA if the FDA believes that the designation is no longer supported by data emerging in the clinical trial process.

A breakthrough therapy is defined as a product candidate that is intended, alone or in combination with one or more other drugs, to treat a serious or life-threatening disease or condition, and preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the product candidate may demonstrate substantial improvement over existing therapies on one or more clinically significant endpoints, such as substantial treatment effects observed early in clinical development. For product candidates that have been designated as breakthrough therapies, interaction and communication between the FDA and the sponsor of the trial can help to identify the most efficient path for clinical development while minimizing the number of patients placed in ineffective control regimens. Product candidates designated as breakthrough therapies by the FDA are also eligible for priority review if supported by clinical data at the time of the submission of the BLA.

Fast track designation, priority review, and breakthrough therapy designation are within the discretion of the FDA. Accordingly, even if we believe that one of our product candidates meets the criteria for any such designation, the FDA may disagree and instead determine not to make such designation. In any event, the receipt of such designation may expedite the development or approval process, but do not change the standards for approval. Even if a product qualifies for one or more of these programs, the FDA may later decide that the product no longer meets the conditions for qualification or decide that the time period for FDA review or approval will not be shortened.

We may seek approval of our product candidates, where applicable, under the FDA’s accelerated approval pathway. This pathway may not lead to a faster development, regulatory review or approval process and does not increase the likelihood that our product candidates will receive marketing approval.

A product may be eligible for accelerated approval if it is designed to treat a serious or life-threatening disease or condition and generally provides a meaningful advantage over available therapies upon a determination that the product candidate has an effect on a surrogate endpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit or on a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than irreversible morbidity or mortality, (“IMM”) that is reasonably likely to predict an effect on IMM or other clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effect that is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as IMM. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogate endpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itself a measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality that is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases in which the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient and public health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional post-approval confirmatory studies to verity and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. Under the Food and Drug Omnibus Reform Act of 2022 (“FDORA”), the FDA is permitted to require, as appropriate, that a post-approval confirmatory study or studies be underway prior to approval or within a specified time period after the date of accelerated approval was granted. FDORA also requires sponsors to send updates to the FDA every 180 days on the status of such studies, including progress toward enrollment targets, and the FDA must promptly post this information publicly. FDORA also gives the FDA increased authority to withdraw approval of a drug or biologic granted accelerated approval on an expedited basis if the sponsor fails to conduct such studies in a timely manner, send the necessary updates to the FDA, or if such post-approval studies fail to verify the drug’s predicted clinical benefit. Under FDORA, the FDA is empowered to take action, such as issuing fines, against companies that fail to conduct with due diligence any post-approval confirmatory study or submit timely reports to the agency on their progress. In addition, the FDA currently requires, unless otherwise informed by the agency, pre-approval of promotional materials for products receiving accelerated approval, which could adversely impact the timing of the commercial launch of the product. Thus, even if we seek to utilize the accelerated approval pathway, we may not be able to obtain accelerated approval and, even if we do, we may not experience a faster development, regulatory review or approval process for that product. There can be no assurance that the FDA would allow any of the product candidates we may develop to proceed on an accelerated approval pathway, and even if the FDA did allow such pathway, there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be granted on a timely basis, or at all. Moreover, even if we received accelerated approval, any post-approval studies required to confirm and verify clinical benefit may not show such benefit, which could lead to withdrawal of any approvals we have obtained. Receiving accelerated approval does not assure that the product’s accelerated approval will eventually be converted to a traditional approval.

Risks Relating to the Psychedelic Therapy Market and Biotechnology Industry

The psychedelic therapy industry and market are relatively new, and this industry and market may not continue to exist or grow as anticipated.

Psyence operates its business in a relatively new industry and market. In addition to being subject to general business risks, Psyence must continue to build brand awareness in this industry and market through significant investments in its strategy, operational capacity, quality assurance and compliance with regulations. In addition, there is no assurance that the industry and market will continue to exist and grow as currently estimated or anticipated or function and evolve in a manner consistent with management’s expectations and assumptions. Any event or circumstance that adversely affects the psychedelic therapy industry and market could have a material adverse effect on Psyence’s business, financial conditions and results of operations.

Psilocybin is considered scientifically to be the safest of the psychedelics and/or drugs of abuse potential. In fact, psilocybin has been described as being anti-addictive and has been studied for the use in substance addictive disorders, such as alcohol use disorder, smoking cessation and opioid addiction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the psychedelic therapy market will face specific marketing challenges given the products’ status as a controlled substance, which has resulted in past and current public perception that the products have negative health and lifestyle effects and have the potential to cause physical and social harm due to psychoactive and potentially addictive effects. Any marketing efforts by Psyence would need to overcome this perception to build consumer confidence, brand recognition and goodwill.

Negative public opinion and perception of the psychedelic industry could adversely impact Psyence’s ability to operate and Psyence’s growth strategy.

Consumer perception of Psyence’s products may be significantly influenced by scientific research or findings, regulatory investigations, litigation, media attention and other publicity regarding the consumption of naturally derived, medicinal-grade psilocybin mushroom products. There can be no assurance that future scientific research, findings, regulatory proceedings, litigation, media attention or other research findings or publicity will be favorable to the naturally derived medicinal-grade psilocybin mushroom market or any particular product, or consistent with earlier publicity. Future research reports, findings, regulatory proceedings, litigation, media attention or other publicity that are perceived as less favorable than, or that question, earlier research reports, findings or publicity could have a material adverse effect on the demand for Psyence’s envisaged products and Psyence’s business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Psyence’s dependence upon consumer perception means that adverse scientific research reports, findings, regulatory proceedings, litigation, media attention or other publicity, whether or not accurate or with merit, could have a material adverse effect on Psyence, the demand for Psyence’s products, and Psyence’s business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Further, adverse publicity reports or other media attention regarding the safety, efficacy and quality of naturally derived medicinal-grade psilocybin mushroom in general, or Psyence’s products specifically, or associating the consumption of naturally derived medicinal-grade psilocybin mushroom’s negative effects or events, could have such a material adverse effect. Such adverse publicity reports or other media attention could arise even if the adverse effects associated with such products resulted from consumers’ failure to consume such products appropriately or as directed.

The expansion of the use of psychedelics in the medical industry may require new clinical research into effective medical therapies.

Research in the UK, Canada, Australia and internationally regarding the medical benefits, viability, safety, efficacy, addictiveness, dosing and social acceptance of psychedelic and psychoactive products remains in early stages. There have been relatively few clinical trials on the benefits of such products. Although Psyence believes that the articles, reports and studies support its beliefs regarding the medical benefits, viability, safety, efficacy, dosing and social acceptance of psychedelic and psychoactive products, future research and clinical trials may prove such statements to be incorrect, or could raise concerns regarding, and perceptions relating to, psychedelic and psychoactive products. Future research studies and clinical trials may draw opposing conclusions to those stated in this prospectus or reach negative conclusions regarding the medical benefits, viability, safety, efficacy, dosing, social acceptance or other facts and perceptions related to psychedelic and psychoactive products, which could have a material adverse effect on the demand for Psyence’s product candidate and psychedelic therapies and a material adverse effect on Psyence’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

The psychedelic therapy industry is difficult to quantify and investors will be reliant on their own estimates of the accuracy of market data.

Because the psychedelic therapy industry is in a nascent stage with uncertain boundaries, there is a lack of information about comparable companies available for potential investors to analyze in deciding whether to invest in Psyence and, few, if any, established companies whose business model Psyence can follow or upon whose success Psyence can build. Accordingly, investors will have to rely on their own estimates in deciding whether to invest in Psyence. There can be no assurance that Psyence’s estimates are accurate or that the market size is sufficiently large for its business to grow as projected, which may negatively impact its financial results.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

Psyence may not be able to adequately protect or enforce its intellectual property rights, which could harm its competitive position.

Psyence relies upon a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as nondisclosure agreements, know-how of the scientific team, and other methods, to protect its proprietary technologies and processes. The strengths of patents in the pharmaceutical field involve complex legal and scientific questions and can be uncertain. Where appropriate, Psyence will seek patent protection for certain aspects of its products and technology. Filing, prosecuting and defending patents in a wide range of countries can be prohibitively expensive. If Psyence fails to adequately protect its intellectual property, it may face competition from companies who attempt to create a generic product to compete with its future product candidates. Psyence may also face competition from companies who develop a substantially similar product to its future product candidates that are not covered by any patents.

While Psyence will apply for a number of patents, there can be no assurances that any patents will be issued. Specifically, naturally occurring substances arising from botanical sources, e.g Psilocybin, cannot be patented. As such, we will be required to rely on other processes such as extraction, purification, or formulation in order to establish patents and such processes are not guaranteed to receive issued patents. Even if patents are issued, the claims allowed may not be sufficiently broad to protect all of Psyence’s intellectual property. In addition, any future patents issued to Psyence may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. As such, any rights granted under these patents may not provide Psyence with meaningful protection. If Psyence’s patents do not adequately protect its intellectual property, competitors may be able to offer products similar to Psyence’s products.

Psyence will be further dependent, to an extent, on Filament’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Psilo Scientific LTD. (“Psilo”), to maintain and defend the intellectual property currently being licensed to Psyence under the Filament Licensing Agreements, and which is relevant for use in Psyence’s proposed Australian palliative care clinical trial. Any failure on the part of Psilo or Filament, as applicable, to adequately maintain or defend its intellectual property will have a direct effect on the viability of Psyence’s Australian palliative care clinical trial initiatives.

Psyence’s strategy is to patent technologies with commercial potential in jurisdictions with significant commercial opportunities. However, patent protection may not be available for some of the products or technologies Psyence is developing, such as in the areas of methods of treatment (which are not patentable in most jurisdictions).

The patent positions of pharmaceutical products are complex and uncertain. The scope and extent of patent protection for future product candidates are particularly uncertain. Protection of Psyence’s future product candidates will be sought in respect of, among other things, composition-of-matter for specific formulations, methods of use, and delivery mechanisms, bearing in mind that patent protection is not available for naturally derived psilocybin alone. If any of Psyence’s products are approved and marketed for an indication for which it does not have an issued or licensed patent, Psyence’s ability to use a patent to prevent a competitor from commercializing a non-branded version of its commercial products for that non- patented indication could be significantly impaired or even eliminated.

Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting, defending and enforcing intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property rights, particularly those relating to pharmaceuticals, which could make it difficult for Psyence to stop the infringement of patents or marketing of competing products in violation of its proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce patent rights in foreign jurisdictions may not be successful, could result in substantial cost and divert Psyence’s efforts and attention from other aspects of its business.

If third parties claim that intellectual property owned or used by Psyence infringes upon their intellectual property, Psyence’s operating profits could be adversely affected.

There is a substantial amount of litigation, both within and outside the U.S., involving patent and other intellectual property rights in the pharmaceutical industry. Psyence may, from time to time, be notified of claims that Psyence is infringing upon patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property rights owned by third parties, and Psyence cannot provide assurances that other companies will not, in the future, pursue such infringement claims against it, its commercial partners or any third-party proprietary technologies it has licensed. If Psyence were found to infringe upon a patent or other intellectual property right, or if Psyence failed to obtain or renew a license under a patent or other intellectual property right from a third party, or if a third party that Psyence were licensing technologies from was found to infringe upon a patent or other intellectual property rights of another third party, Psyence may be required to pay damages, suspend the manufacture of certain products or reengineer or rebrand its products, if feasible, or it may be unable to enter certain new product markets. Any such claims could also be expensive and time-consuming to defend and divert management’s attention and resources. Psyence’s competitive position could suffer as a result. In addition, if Psyence has declined or failed to enter into a valid non-disclosure or assignment agreement for any reason, Psyence may not own the intellectual property, and its products may not be adequately protected. Thus, Psyence cannot guarantee that any of its future product candidates, or its commercialization thereof, does not and will not infringe any third party’s intellectual property.

We may infringe the intellectual property rights of others, which may prevent or delay our product development efforts and stop us from commercializing or increase the costs of commercializing our product candidates.

Our success will depend in part on our ability to operate without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties. We are not aware of any third-party proprietary rights that our planned products will infringe or misappropriate, but we have not conducted any freedom to operate study as we are in the earliest stages of development. We thus cannot guarantee that our product candidates, or manufacture or use of our product candidates, will not infringe third-party patents. Furthermore, a third party may claim that we are using inventions covered by the third party’s patent rights and may go to court to stop us from engaging in our normal operations and activities, including making or selling our product candidates. These lawsuits are costly and could affect our results of operations and divert the attention of managerial and scientific personnel. Some of these third parties may be better capitalized and have more resources than us. There is a risk that a court would decide that we are infringing the third party’s patents and would order us to stop the activities covered by the patents. In that event, we may not have a viable way around the patent and may need to halt commercialization of our product candidates. In addition, there is a risk that a court will order us to pay the other party damages for having violated the other party’s patents. In addition, we may be obligated to indemnify our licensors and collaborators against certain intellectual property infringement claims brought by third parties, which could require us to expend additional resources. The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have produced a proliferation of patents, and it is not always clear to industry participants, including us, which patents cover various types of products or methods of use. The coverage of patents is subject to interpretation by the courts, and the interpretation is not always uniform.

If we are sued for patent infringement, we would need to demonstrate that our product candidates or methods either do not infringe the patent claims of the relevant patent or that the patent claims are invalid, and we may not be able to do this. Proving invalidity is difficult. For example, in the U.S., proving invalidity requires a showing of clear and convincing evidence to overcome the presumption of validity enjoyed by issued patents. Even if we are successful in these proceedings, we may incur substantial costs and diversion of management’s time and attention in pursuing these proceedings, which could have a material adverse effect on us. If we are unable to avoid infringing the patent rights of others, we may be required to seek a license, which may not be available, defend an infringement action or challenge the validity of the patents in court. Patent litigation is costly and time consuming. We may not have sufficient resources to bring these actions to a successful conclusion. In addition, if we do not obtain a license, develop or obtain non-infringing technology, fail to defend an infringement action successfully or have infringed patents declared invalid, we may incur substantial monetary damages, encounter significant delays in bringing our product candidates to market and be precluded from manufacturing or selling our product candidates.

Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than us or the third parties from whom we license intellectual property because they have substantially greater resources. In addition, any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise the funds necessary to continue our operations.

If Psyence is not able to adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information, the value of its products could be significantly diminished.

Psyence relies, to an extent, on trade secrets to protect its proprietary licensed intellectual property, especially where it does not believe patent protection is appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. Psyence relies in part on confidentiality agreements and restraints of trade with its current and former employees, consultants, outside scientific collaborators, sponsored researchers, contract manufacturers, vendors and other advisors, as well as similar confidentiality protections benefiting its strategic partners and licensors to protect Psyence’s owned and licensed trade secrets and other proprietary information. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. In addition, Psyence cannot guarantee that it, nor its strategic and business partners, have executed these agreements with each party that may have or have had access to owned and licensed trade secrets. Any party with whom Psyence or strategic and business partners have executed such an agreement may breach that agreement and disclose proprietary information, including owned and licensed trade secrets, and adequate remedies for such breaches may not be available.

Enforcing a claim that a party illegally disclosed or misappropriated a trade secret is difficult, expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, some courts inside and outside the U.S. are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets. If any of Psyence’s owned or licensed trade secrets were to be lawfully obtained or independently developed by a competitor, Psyence would have no right to prevent them, or those to whom they disclose such trade secrets, from using that technology or information to compete with it. If any of Psyence’s owned and licensed trade secrets were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor or other third-party, Psyence’s competitive position would be harmed.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities

If we fail to meet applicable listing requirements, Nasdaq may delist our Common Shares from trading, in which case the liquidity and market price of our Common Shares could decline.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to meet the continued listing standards of Nasdaq in the future. If we fail to comply with the applicable listing standards and Nasdaq delists our Common Shares, we and our shareholders could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

·        a limited availability of market quotations for our Common Shares;

·       reduced liquidity for our Common Shares;

·       a determination that our Common Shares are “penny stock”, which would require brokers trading in our Common Shares to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our Common Shares;

·      a limited amount of news about us and analyst coverage of us; and

·     a decreased ability for us to issue additional equity securities or obtain additional equity or debt financing in the future.

The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Because we expect that our shares will be listed on Nasdaq, such securities will be covered securities. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of our securities, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. Further, if we were no longer listed on Nasdaq, our securities would not be covered securities and we would be subject to regulations in each state in which we offer our securities.

The market price and trading volume of the Common Shares may be volatile and could decline significantly following the Business Combination.

The stock markets, including Nasdaq, on which the Company lists its securities, have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. Even if an active, liquid and orderly trading market develops and is sustained for the Common Shares, the market prices of the Common Shares may be volatile and could decline significantly. In addition, the trading volumes in the Common Shares may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If the market prices of the Common Shares decline significantly, you may be unable to resell your Common Shares at or above the market price of the Common Shares as of the date immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination. There can be no assurance that the market prices of the Common Shares will not fluctuate widely or decline significantly in the future in response to a number of factors, including, among others, the following:

In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of the Common Shares, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against that company. If the Company were involved in any similar litigation it could incur substantial costs and our management’s attention and resources could be diverted.

Public Warrants are exercisable for Common Shares, which would increase the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market and result in dilution to its shareholders.

An aggregate of 13,070,000 Common Shares will become issuable upon exercise of Public Warrants in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agreement. These warrants will become exercisable 30 days after the Closing Date, or February 24, 2024. The exercise price of these warrants will be $11.50 per share. To the extent such warrants are exercised, additional Common Shares will be issued, which will result in dilution to the holders of Common Shares and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market or the fact that such warrants may be exercised could adversely affect the market price of Common Shares.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research, publish inaccurate or unfavorable research or cease publishing research about the Company, its share price and trading volume could decline significantly.

The trading market for Common Shares depends, in part, on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about the Company or its business. The Company may be unable to sustain coverage by well-regarded securities and industry analysts. If either none or only a limited number of securities or industry analysts maintain coverage of the Company, or if these securities or industry analysts are not widely respected within the general investment community, the demand for Common Shares could decrease, which might cause its share price and trading volume to decline significantly. In the event that the Company obtains securities or industry analyst coverage or, if one or more of the analysts who cover the Company downgrade their assessment of the Company or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about the Company’s business, the market price and liquidity for Common Shares could be negatively impacted.

The requirements of being a public company may strain the Company’s resources, divert the Company management’s attention and affect the Company’s ability to attract and retain qualified board members.

The Company will incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses following completion of the Business Combination. The Company is subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the Nasdaq listing requirements and other applicable securities rules and regulations. These expenses may increase even more if the Company no longer qualifies as an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act. The Exchange Act requires that our company file annual and other material reports with respect to our businesses, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, we must establish the corporate infrastructure necessary for operating a public company, which may divert our management’s attention from implementing our growth strategy, which could delay or slow the implementation of our business strategies, and in turn negatively impact our company’s financial condition and results of operations.

Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time-consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. The Company expects these laws and regulations to increase its legal and financial compliance costs and to render some activities more time-consuming and costly, although the Company is currently unable to estimate these costs with any degree of certainty.

The Company’s management team has limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. The Company’s management team may not successfully or efficiently manage the transition to being a public company subject to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and regulations and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. The need to establish the corporate infrastructure demanded of a public company may divert the management’s attention from implementing its growth strategy, which could prevent the Company from improving its business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the Company expects these rules and regulations to make it more difficult and more expensive for the Company to maintain director and officer liability insurance, and consequently the Company may be required to incur substantial costs to obtain such coverage. These additional obligations could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. These factors could also make it more difficult for the Company to attract and retain qualified members of its board of directors, particularly to serve on the Company’s audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee, and qualified executive officers.

As a result of disclosure of information in this prospectus and in filings required of a public company, the Company’s business and financial condition will become more visible, which may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If such claims are successful, the Company’s business and operating results could be adversely affected, and, even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in the Company’s favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could have an adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” and it cannot be certain if the reduced SEC reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make the Company’s Common Shares less attractive to investors, which could have a material and adverse effect on the Company, including its growth prospects.

The Company is an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. The Company will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of our common equity securities pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, (b) in which the Company has total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion or (c) in which the Company is deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of Common Shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of the Company’s prior second fiscal quarter, and (ii) the date on which the Company issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period. The Company intends to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to most other non “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, an exemption from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Furthermore, even after the Company no longer qualifies as an “emerging growth company,” as long as the Company continues to qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, the Company will be exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including, but not limited to, (i) the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K with the SEC; (ii) the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; (iii) the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and (iv) the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD As a result, the Company shareholders may not have access to certain information they deem important. The Company cannot predict if investors will find Common Shares less attractive because it relies on these exemptions. If some investors do find Common Shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market and share price for Common Shares may be more volatile.

The Company qualifies as a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such the Company is exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies.

Because the Company qualifies as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, the Company is exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including, but not limited to: (i) the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K with the SEC; (ii) the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; (iii) the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and (iv) the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD.

The Company is required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information the Company is required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. Accordingly, after the Business Combination, if you continue to hold Common Shares, you may receive less or different information about the Company than you would receive about a U.S. domestic public company.

The Company may lose its foreign private issuer status which would then require it to comply with the domestic reporting regime of the Exchange Act and cause us to incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses.

As discussed above, the Company is a foreign private issuer and therefore is not be required to comply with all of the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and may take advantage of certain exemptions to Nasdaq’s corporate governance rules. The determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last business day of an issuer’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and, accordingly, the next determination will be made with respect to the Company on September 30, 2024. In the future, the Company would lose its foreign private issuer status if (1) more than 50% of its outstanding voting securities are owned by U.S. residents and (2) a majority of its directors or executive officers are U.S. citizens or residents, or it fails to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid loss of foreign private issuer status. If the Company loses its foreign private issuer status, it will be required to file with the SEC periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. The Company would also have to mandatorily comply with U.S. federal proxy requirements, and its officers, directors and principal shareholders will become subject to the short-swing profit disclosure and recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, it would lose its ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements under the listing rules of Nasdaq. As a U.S. listed public company that is not a foreign private issuer, the Company could incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that it will not incur as a foreign private issuer.

Psyence currently reports financial results under IFRS, which differs in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP.

Psyence currently reports financial results under IFRS. There are and there may in the future be certain significant material differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP. As a result, financial information and reported earnings of Psyence for historical or future periods could be significantly different if they were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, the Company does not intend to provide a reconciliation between IFRS and U.S. GAAP unless it is required under applicable law. As a result, you may not be able to meaningfully compare our financial statements under IFRS with those of companies that prepare financial statements under U.S. GAAP.

If we are classified as a passive foreign investment company, United States taxpayers who own our Common Shares may have adverse United States federal income tax consequences.

A non-U.S. corporation such as ourselves will be classified as a passive foreign investment company, which is known as a PFIC, for any taxable year if, for such year, either

·       At least 75% of our gross income for the year is passive income; or

·      The average percentage of our assets (determined at the end of each quarter) during the taxable year which produces passive income or which are held for the production of passive income is at least 50%.

Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents, royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business) and gains from the disposition of passive assets.

If we are determined to be a PFIC for any taxable year (or portion thereof) that is included in the holding period of a U.S. taxpayer who holds our Common Shares, the U.S. taxpayer may be subject to increased U.S. federal income tax liability and may be subject to additional reporting requirements.

Depending on the amount of our cash and other assets held for the production of passive income, it is possible that, for our current taxable year or for any subsequent year, more than 50% of our assets may be assets which produce passive income. We will make this determination following the end of any particular tax year. Although the law in this regard is unclear, we treat our consolidated affiliated entities as being owned by us for United States federal income tax purposes, not only because we exercise effective control over the operation of such entities but also because we are entitled to substantially all of their economic benefits, and, as a result, we consolidate their operating results in our consolidated financial statements. For purposes of the PFIC analysis, in general, a non-U.S. corporation is deemed to own its pro rata share of the gross income and assets of any entity in which it is considered to own, directly or indirectly, at least 25% of the equity by value. Our status as a PFIC is a fact-intensive determination made on an annual basis, and no opinion of counsel has or will be provided regarding our classification as a PFIC.

For a more detailed discussion of the application of the PFIC rules to us and the consequences to U.S. taxpayers who own our Common Shares if we were determined to be a PFIC, see “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Passive Foreign Investment Company.”

You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because the Company is incorporated under the laws of Canada, the Company conducts substantially all of its operations and a majority of its directors and executive officers reside outside of the United States.

The Company is a corporation incorporated under the laws of Canada, and conducts a majority of its operations through its subsidiary, Biomed II, outside the United States. Substantially all of the Company’s assets are located outside the United States. A majority of the Company’s officers and directors reside outside the United States and a substantial portion of the assets of those persons are located outside of the United States. As a result, it could be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against the Company or against these individuals outside of the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed upon under the applicable securities laws or otherwise and it will be difficult to effect service of process within the United States upon the Company’s officers or directors, or enforce judgments obtained in United States courts against the Company’s officers or directors. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of Ontario could render you unable to enforce a judgment against the Company’s assets or the assets of the Company’s directors and officers.

The Articles of Incorporation and certain Canadian legislation contain provisions that may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control.

Certain provisions of the Articles of Incorporation, together or separately, could discourage potential acquisition proposals, delay or prevent a change in control and limit the price that certain investors may be willing to pay for our common shares. For instance, our Articles of Incorporation contain provisions that establish certain advance notice procedures for nomination of candidates for election as directors at shareholders’ meetings.

In addition, a non-Canadian must file an application for review with the Minister responsible for the Investment Canada Act and obtain approval of the Minister prior to acquiring control of a “Canadian Business” within the meaning of the Investment Canada Act, where prescribed financial thresholds are exceeded. Finally, limitations on the ability to acquire and hold our common shares may be imposed by the Competition Act (Canada). The Competition Act (Canada) establishes a pre-merger notification regime for certain types of merger transactions that exceed certain statutory shareholding and financial thresholds. Transactions that are subject to notification cannot be closed until the required materials are filed and the applicable statutory waiting period has expired or been waived by the Commissioner. The Commissioner of Competition still retains the authority under the Competition Act (Canada) to review any acquisition or establishment, directly or indirectly, including through the acquisition of shares, of control over or of a significant interest in us, whether or not it is subject to mandatory notification. Otherwise, there are no limitations either under the laws of Canada or Ontario, or in our articles on the rights of non-Canadians to hold or vote our common shares. Any of these provisions may discourage a potential acquirer from proposing or completing a transaction that may have otherwise presented a premium to our shareholders. We cannot predict whether investors will find our company and our common shares less attractive because we are governed by foreign laws.

It is not expected that the Company will pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

It is expected that the Company will retain most, if not all, of its available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of its business. In addition, the Company is a holding company and its subsidiaries are located abroad. Part of the Company’s primary internal sources of funds to meet its cash needs will be its share of the dividends, if any, paid by the Company’s subsidiaries. The distribution of dividends to the Company from the subsidiaries in certain markets where the Company operates is subject to restrictions imposed by the applicable laws and regulations in these markets. As a result, it is not expected that the Company will pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

The Board has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends. Even if the Board decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on the future results of operations and cash flow, capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by the Company from subsidiaries, the Company’s financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by the Board. There is no guarantee that the Common Shares will appreciate in value after the Business Combination or that the trading price of the shares will not decline. Holders of the Common Shares should not rely on an investment in Common Shares as a source for any future dividend income.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus, including statements regarding our future financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “believe,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” “predict,” “potential” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, the company’s expectations concerning the outlook for its business, productivity, plans and goals for future operational improvements and capital investments, operational performance, future market conditions or economic performance and developments in the capital and credit markets and expected future financial performance, as well as any information concerning possible or assumed future results of operations of the Company as set forth in this prospectus.

Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, and actual results or events may differ materially from those projected or implied in those statements. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to: (i)  the effect of the Business Combination on Psyence’s business relationships, performance, and business generally, (ii) the ability to recognize the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination, which may be affected by, among other things, competition and our ability to grow and manage growth profitably, (iii) the results of the Phase IIb Study, (iv) the ability of the Company to maintain the listing of its securities on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, (v) volatility in the price of the securities of the Company due to a variety of factors, including changes in the competitive and highly regulated industries in which Psyence plans to operate, variations in performance across competitors, changes in laws and regulations affecting Psyence’s business and changes in the combined capital structure, (vi) the ability to implement business plans, forecasts, and other expectations and identify and realize additional opportunities, (vii) the risk that Psyence has a limited operating history, has not yet released a commercially available product and does not have experience manufacturing or selling a commercial product at scale and (viii) the risk that Psyence may not be able to effectively manage its growth, including its design, research, development and maintenance capabilities.

The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. You should carefully consider the foregoing factors and the other risks and uncertainties described in the Company’s Reports on Form 20-F, Current Reports on Form 6-K and other documents filed by the Company from time to time with the SEC. These filings identify and address other important risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events and results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this document represent the views of the Company as of the date of this document. Subsequent events and developments may cause that view to change. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements, and all forward-looking statements in this document are qualified by these cautionary statements. The Company assumes no obligation and does not intend to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. The Company does not give any assurance that it will achieve its expectations. The inclusion of any statement in this document does not constitute an admission by the Company or any other person that the events or circumstances described in such statement are material.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale by the Selling Shareholders of their Common Shares.

SELLING SHAREHOLDERS

The following table sets forth the names of the Selling Shareholders, the number of Common Shares beneficially owned by each Selling Shareholder as of the date of this prospectus, the number of shares being sold, the number of shares beneficially owned upon completion of the offering and the percentage beneficial ownership upon completion of the offering. We have based percentage ownership on 13,390,659 Common Shares outstanding as of the date of this prospectus. The table and the other information contained under the captions “Selling Shareholder” and “Plan of Distribution” has been prepared based upon information furnished to us by or on behalf of the Selling Shareholders. Also included in the footnotes to the table is any relationship during the past three years between the Selling Shareholders and us or any of our predecessors or affiliates. Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she, or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including options and warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the date of this prospectus.

Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of each of the Selling Shareholders in this table is c/o Psyence Biomedical Ltd., 121 Richmond Street West, Penthouse Suite 1300, Toronto, Ontario, M5H 2K1, Canada.

* Less than 1%

(1) We do not know when or in what amounts the Selling Shareholders will offer the resale securities for sale, if at all. The Selling Shareholders may sell any or all of the resale securities included in and offered by this prospectus. We cannot estimate the number of resale securities that will be held by the Selling Shareholders after completion of the offering. However, for purposes of this table, we have assumed that after completion of the offering all of the resale securities will have been sold by the Selling Shareholders.

(2) The principal business office of Harraden Circle Investors, LP and Harraden Circle Special Opportunities, LP is located at 299 Park Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10171. The Common Shares reported herein are directly beneficially owned by Harraden Circle Investors, LP (“Harraden Fund”). Harraden Circle Investors GP, LP (“Harraden GP”) is the general partner to Harraden Fund, and Harraden Circle Investors GP, LLC (“Harraden LLC”) is the general partner of Harraden GP. Harraden Circle Investments, LLC (“Harraden Adviser”) is investment manager to Harraden Fund and other high net worth individuals. Frederick V. Fortmiller, Jr. is the managing member of each of Harraden LLC and Harraden Adviser. In such capacities, each of Harraden GP, Harraden LLC, Harraden Adviser and Mr. Fortmiller may be deemed to indirectly beneficially own the Common Shares reported herein directly beneficially owned by Harraden Fund. The Common Shares represent 650,000 Common Shares received in exchange for NCAC Private Placement Shares exchanged for shares purchased in a private placement in connection with the IPO of NCAC and up to an aggregate of 9,375,000 Common Shares, which represents 300% of the maximum number of Common Shares issued or issuable pursuant to that certain First Tranche Note issued to the Selling Shareholder by the Company on January 25, 2024. Under the terms of the Notes, the Investors may not convert the Notes to the extent (but only to the extent) such Investor or any of its affiliates would beneficially own a number of our Common Shares which would exceed 9.99% of the outstanding shares of the Company.

(3) Represents (a) 150,000 CCM Fee Shares (being registered for resale), (b) 33,000 Common Shares received in exchange for NCAC Private Placement Shares at the Closingand (c) 16,500 Common Shares underlying Private Warrants. J.V.B. is the record owner of the securities. Jerry Serowick is a Managing Director of J.V.B. and has investment control over the securities held by J.V.B. As such, Mr. Serowick may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the securities held directly by J.V.B. Mr. Serowick disclaims any beneficial ownership of the reported shares other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest he may have therein, directly or indirectly. The business address of the Selling Shareholder is 3 Columbus Circle, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10019. CCM served as an advisor to NCAC in connection with its IPO and the Business Combination.

(4) Shares owned prior to the offering represents (a) 150,000 Cantor Fee Shares (being registered for resale), (b) 187,000 Common Shares received in exchange for NCAC Private Placement Shares at the Closing and (c) 93,500 Common Shares underlying Private Warrants. Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“CF&CO”) is the record owner of the securities. The business address of CF&CO is 110 East 59th Street, New York, NY 10022. CF Group Management, Inc. (“CFGM”) is the managing general partner of Cantor Fitzgerald, L.P. (“CFLP”) and directly or indirectly controls the managing general partner of Cantor Fitzgerald Securities (“CFS”), which indirectly is the majority owner of CF&CO. Mr. Howard Lutnick is Chairman and Chief Executive of CFGM and trustee of CFGM’s sole stockholder. CFLP, indirectly, holds a majority of the ownership interests in CFS, and therefore also indirectly holds a majority of the ownership interests in CF&CO. As such, each of CFLP, CFGM, CFS and Mr. Lutnick may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the securities held directly by CF&CO. Each such entity or person disclaims any beneficial ownership of the reported shares other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest they may have therein, directly or indirectly. The foregoing should not be construed in and of itself as an admission by any of CFLP, CFGM, CFS or Mr. Lutnick as to beneficial ownership of the securities beneficially owned, directly, by CF&CO. CF&CO served as the representative of the underwriters in NCAC’s IPO.

(5) Represents 150,000 Maxim Fee Shares. Maxim Group, LLC is the record and beneficial owner of the securities set forth in the table. The address of Maxim Group, LLC is 405 Lexington Avenue, 2nd FL, New York, NY 10174. Maxim served as an advisor to the Company and Parent in connection with the Business Combination.

(6) MWE is the record owner of the securities. Olivia Sengbusch may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the securities held directly by MWE. Ms. Sengbusch disclaims any beneficial ownership of the reported shares other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest she may have therein, directly or indirectly. The business address of the Selling Shareholder is 444 West Lake Street, Suite 4000, Chicago, IL 60606. MWE served as an advisor to NCAC in connection with the Business Combination.

(7) The business address of the Selling Shareholder is 1345 Avenue of the Americas, 11th Fl., New York, NY 10105.

(8) Represents 21,000 RNA Fee Shares. The address of the Selling Shareholder is 2121 N California Blvd STE 290, Walnut Creek, CA 94596. RNA served as an advisor to the Company and Parent in connection with the Business Combination and serves as its U.S. legal counsel following the Closing.

(9) Represents (a) 2,138,929 Common Shares received at the Closing in exchange for shares purchased in a private placement prior to the IPO of NCAC (1,603,929 of which are being registered for resale), (b) 125,500 Common Shares underlying Private Warrants and (c) 251,000 Common Shares received at the Closing in exchange for NCAC Private Placement Shares at the Closing. Sponsor, a limited liability company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, is the record holder of such shares. Tabula Rasa Limited, a British Virgin Islands company with limited liability, is the sole manager of Sponsor. Carl Linde is the director of Fiducia Trustees Limited, the sole corporate director of Tabula Rasa Limited. Consequently, Mr. Linde be deemed the beneficial owner of the shares held by our sponsor and have voting and dispositive control over such securities. Mr. Linde disclaims beneficial ownership of any shares other than to the extent he may have a pecuniary interest therein, directly or indirectly. Each of NCAC’s officers and directors is a member of the Sponsor. The address for the principal business office of the sponsor is 2201 Broadway, Suite 705, Oakland, CA 94612.

(10) Represents (a) 222,269 Common Shares received at the Closing in exchange for shares purchased in a private placement prior to the IPO of NCAC (being registered for resale), (b) 63,505 Common Shares underlying Private Warrants and (c) 127,010 Common Shares received at the Closing in exchange for NCAC Private Placement Shares at the Closing. The address of the Selling Shareholder is c/o Evolution Capital Management LLC, 10250 Constellation Blvd., Suite 2300, Los Angeles, CA 90067.

(11)  Represents (a) 11,113 Common Shares received at the Closing exchange for shares purchased in a private placement in connection with the IPO of NCAC (being registered for resale), (b) 3,175 Common Shares underlying Private Warrants and (c) 6,350 Common Shares received at the Closing in exchange for NCAC Private Placement Shares at the Closing. The address of the Selling Shareholder is 740 North High Street, Denver, CO 80218.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

The Selling Shareholders and any of their pledgees, donees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of their Common Shares on any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions or by gift, subject to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period. The shares offered by this prospectus may be sold by the Selling Shareholders at market prices prevailing at the time of sale or at negotiated prices. The Selling Shareholders may use any one or more of the following methods when selling or otherwise transferring shares:

To the extent permitted under Rule 144, the Selling Shareholders may also sell Common Shares owned by them pursuant to Rule 144 or in other transactions exempt from registration rather than pursuant to this prospectus.

Broker-dealers engaged by the Selling Shareholders may arrange for other broker-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the Selling Shareholders (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of shares, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated. The Selling Shareholders do not expect these commissions and discounts to exceed what is customary in the types of transactions involved.

The Selling Shareholders may from time to time pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the shares owned by them and, if the Selling Shareholders default in the performance of the secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell the Common Shares from time to time under this prospectus, or under an amendment to this prospectus under Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act amending the list of Selling Shareholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as Selling Shareholder under this prospectus.

In connection with the sale of our Common Shares or interests therein, the Selling Shareholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions which may in turn engage in short sales of our Common Shares in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The Selling Shareholders may, after the date of this prospectus, also sell our Common Shares short and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or lend or pledge its Common Shares to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The Selling Shareholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or the creation of one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of Common Shares offered by this prospectus, which shares such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).

Subject to the terms of any lock-up agreements, the Selling Shareholders also may transfer the Common Shares in other circumstances, in which case the transferees, pledgees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus.

The Selling Shareholders and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the shares may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, they will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the shares purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act, and federal securities laws, including Regulation M, may restrict the timing of purchases and sales of our Common Shares by the Selling Shareholders and any other persons who are involved in the distribution of the Common Shares pursuant to this prospectus. The Selling Shareholders have informed us that they do not have any agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute the Common Shares.

Lock-Ups

In connection with the Closing, including the Securities Purchase Agreement, the following parties are subject to lock-ups as set forth below: MWE, NCAC, J.V.B., Cantor and RNA entered into Lock-Up Agreements which are substantially identical to each other, pursuant to which the applicable Lock-Up Party agreed not to, during the period commencing from the Closing and ending on the earliest of (x) one hundred eighty (180) days after the Closing; provided, however, that in the event that the Investors delay investment of the Subscription Amounts (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) with respect to the Second Tranche Note (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) due to the occurrence of an event outlined in Section 2.1(b) of the Securities Purchase Agreement, such period shall be extended by 60 days or such earlier date as the deficiency is resolved, and (y) subsequent to the Closing, the date on which the Company consummates a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction with an unaffiliated third party that results in all of the Company’s shareholders having the right to exchange the Common Shares for cash, securities or other property, (i) lend, offer, pledge, hypothecate, encumber, donate, assign, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares issued or issuable to the applicable Lock-Up Party pursuant to their respective agreements, (ii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Restricted Securities, or (iii) publicly disclose the intention to do any of the foregoing, whether any such transaction described in clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) above is to be settled by delivery of Restricted Securities or other securities, in cash or otherwise. The lock-up provisions provide for certain exemptions for transfers to permitted transferees.

Further, pursuant to documents entered into by NCAC upon the IPO of NCAC, certain shares are restricted until: (i) in the case of the Founder Shares, the earlier of (a) one year after the Closing and (b) subsequent to the Closing, (x) the date on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, share exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction that results in all of the Company’s public shareholders having the right to exchange their Common Shares for cash, securities or other property or (y) if the last reported sale price of the Common Shares equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share sub-divisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after the Closing, and (ii) in the case of placement units, placement shares, placement warrants issued in connection with NCAC’s IPO, as well as any Common Shares issued upon exercise thereof, 30 days after the Closing.

We may be required to amend or supplement this prospectus in the event that (a) a Selling Shareholder transfers securities under conditions which require the purchaser or transferee to be named in the prospectus as a Selling Shareholder, in which case we will be required to amend or supplement this prospectus to name the Selling Shareholder, or (b) a Selling Shareholder sells shares to an underwriter, in which case we will be required to amend or supplement this prospectus to name the underwriter and the method of sale.

We are paying all fees and expenses incident to the registration of the shares. We have agreed to indemnify the Selling Shareholder against certain losses, claims, damages and liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to the business of Psyence Group Inc. prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, which became the business of Psyence Biomedical Ltd. and its subsidiaries following the consummation of the Business Combination.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the information under “Selected Historical Financial Data” and our historical condensed consolidated interim financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion and analysis should also be read together with the interim financial statements of Psyence Biomedical for the three and six months periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and the pro forma financial information as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” set forth in the prospectus.

The numbers presented here have been translated to USD and are presented in USD.

Overview

Psyence Group Inc.is a life science biotechnology company listed on the Canadian Securities Exchange (CSE: PSYG) with a focus on natural psychedelics. Psyence Biomedical, also referred to as “Psyence Therapeutics,” is a division of Psyence, which is developing natural psilocybin medicinal formulations and treatment protocols for the treatment of adjustment disorder in patients with an incurable cancer diagnosis.

Recent Developments

See “Prospectus Summary – Recent Developments” for additional information regarding the Company and the Business Combination Agreement.

Results of Operations

Sales and marketing costs

For the 3-month period ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred sales and marketing costs of $1,095, consisting primarily of expenses for conferences, content, promotional materials and website design costs. For the 3-month period ended September 30, 2022, sales and marketing costs of $0 were incurred.

For the 6-month period ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred sales and marketing costs of $2,122 consisting primarily of expenses for conferences, content, promotional materials and website design costs. For the 6-month period ended September 30, 2022, sales and marketing costs of $0 were incurred.

For the year ended March 31, 2023, we incurred sales and marketing costs of $7,024, consisting primarily of expenses for conferences, content, promotional materials and website design costs. For the year ended March 31, 2022, sales and marketing costs of $17,440 were incurred, consisting of costs to create awareness of the Company and its activities, due to its recent establishment.

Research and development

For the 3-month period ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred research and development costs of ($8,530) due to foreign exchange fluctuations, as compared to $1,984 for the 3-month period ended September 30, 2022.

For the 6-month period ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred research and development costs of $791,439, as compared to $160,676 for the 6-month period ended September 30, 2022. The costs for both periods were incurred as we commenced clinical trials. The increase in costs reflect the higher costs associated with the Company’s Phase IIb palliative care clinical trial, as opposed to costs related to Phase IIa palliative care clinical trial.

For the year ended March 31, 2023, we incurred research and development costs of $1,607,565. This consisted of $1,372,850 of costs related to the clinical trial for the treatment of adjustment disorder, $170,072 for the formulation and licensing of PEX010 and $64,644 for general research.

General and administration costs

For the 3-month period ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred general and administrative costs of ($16,105) due to option expense reversals, which consisted of bank fees, salaries and wages and operational costs, compared with $80,604 for the year ended 3-month period ended September 30, 2022. General and administrative costs decreased during the period in comparison to the preceding period as result of a decrease in payroll related costs.

For the 6-month period ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred general and administrative costs of $85,569, which consisted of bank fees, salaries and wages and operational costs, compared with $172,588 for the 6-month period ended September 30, 2022. General and administrative costs decreased slightly during the period in comparison to the preceding period as result of a decrease in payroll related costs.

For the year ended March 31, 2023, the Company incurred general and administrative costs of $366,132, which consisted of bank fees, salaries and wages and operational costs, compared with $384,747 for the year ended March 31, 2022. General and administrative costs decreased slightly during the year ended March 31, 2023 in comparison to the year ended March 31, 2022 as result of a decrease in payroll related costs.

Professional and consulting fees

For the 3-month period ended September 30, 2023, professional and consulting fees totaled $199,516. This consisted of $129,461 paid to consultants for product development, financial, business strategies and administrative services, legal fees of $46,413 paid to legal practitioners for various corporate matters, and $23,642 for accounting services and audit fees.

For the 3-month period ended September 30, 2022, professional and consulting fees totaled $178,767. This consisted of $178,153 paid to consultants for product development, financial, business strategies and administrative services and legal fees of $614 paid to legal practitioners for various corporate matters.

For the 6-month period ended September 30, 2023, professional and consulting fees totaled $584,427. This consisted of $248,131 paid to consultants for product development, financial, business strategies and administrative services, legal fees of $312,455 paid to legal practitioners for various corporate matters, and $23,841 for accounting services and audit fees.

For the 6-month period ended September 30, 2022, professional and consulting fees totaled $341,744. This consisted of $340,373 paid to consultants for product development, financial, business strategies and administrative services and legal fees of $1,371 paid to legal practitioners for various corporate matters.

For the year ended March 31, 2023, professional and consulting fees totaled $1,251,474. This consisted of $825,866 paid to consultants for business strategies, financial and administrative services, legal fees of $250,523 paid to legal practitioners for various corporate matters, and $175,085 for accounting services and audit fees.

The professional and consulting fees for the period increased from the preceding period due to the Business Combination.

Other gains and losses

For the 3-month period ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company incurred/(received) interest of $27,906 and ($854), respectively and had a foreign exchange loss of $113,997 and loss of $1,570, respectively.

For the 6-month period ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company incurred/(received) interest of $27,423 and ($1,005), respectively and had a foreign exchange loss of $115,434 and $2,890, respectively.

For the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company earned interest income of $1,553 and $0, respectively, and had a foreign exchange gain of $26,890 and loss of $2,278, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since incorporation, the operations have been financed from investment by our parent, Psyence Group Inc. and a loan advance based off the Company’s eligibility to receive a rebate from the Australian Tax Office. Our main use for liquidity is funding scientific research, clinical studies, salaries and professional and consulting fees. Our ability to fund operations and to make planned cash flows are subject to prevailing economic conditions, regulatory and financial, business, and other factors, some of which are beyond the Company’s control.

As of September 30, 2023, we had a cash balance of $605,480 and negative working capital of $982,671. This is as result of the trade payables relating to the Phase IIb Clinical Study. Working capital represents the excess of current assets over current liabilities. The Company prioritizes expenditure, both capital and operational, by regularly reviewing its available cash and cash equivalent balances against the spend required to deliver on its key strategic objectives and milestones.

As of March 31, 2023, we had a cash balance of including restricted cash of $1,363,900 and negative working capital of $200,545. This is as result of the trade payables relating to the Phase IIb Clinical Study. Working capital represents the excess of current assets over current liabilities. The Company prioritizes expenditure, both capital and operational, by regularly reviewing its available cash and cash equivalent balances against the spend required to deliver on its key strategic objectives and milestones.

The Company’s current expenditure obligations include commitments for the Phase IIb palliative care clinical trial. The Company expects to continue funding these projects with available cash and cash equivalents, and therefore, is subject to risks including, but not limited to, an inability to raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, debt instruments or similar means of financing to support the Company’s continued development, including operating requirements and to meet its liabilities and commitments at they become due.

The Company has experienced operating losses and cash outflows from operations since incorporation and by nature of its business, will require ongoing financing to continue its research and development operations. The Company’s ability to access both public and private capital is dependent upon, among other things, general and sectoral market conditions and the capital markets generally, market perceptions about the Company and its business operations, and the trading prices of the Company’s securities from time to time. There can be no assurance that additional funds can be raised upon terms acceptable to the Company, or at all, as funding for early-stage companies remain challenging generally.

The Company’s primary capital needs are funds to advance its research and development activities and for working capital purposes. These activities include staffing, pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, professional and consulting fees and general and administrative costs. There are uncertainties regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. There is no assurance that additional capital or other types of financing will be available if needed or that these financings will be on terms at least as favorable for the Company as those previously obtained, or at all.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions concerning the future. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The Company’s management reviews these estimates, judgments, and assumptions on an ongoing basis, based on experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Revisions to estimates are adjusted prospectively in the period in which the estimates are revised. The following are deemed to be critical accounting policies as these require a high level of subjectivity and judgement and could have a material impact on Psyence’s financial statements.

Going concern

Our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus have been prepared on the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern, meaning it will continue in operation for the foreseeable future and will be able to realize assets and discharge liabilities in the ordinary course of operations.

Management routinely plans future activities including forecasting future cash flows and forming judgements collectively with directors of the Company.

Judgement is required in determining if the Company’s has sufficient cash reserves, together with all other available information, to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months.

As of September 30, 2023 the Company has concluded that a material uncertainty exists that casts significant doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Financial Instruments and Financial Risk Management

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to a variety of financial risks: credit risk, liquidity risk, foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk. These financial risks are subject to normal credit standards, financial controls, risk management, as well as monitoring. The Psyence Board has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company’s risk management framework.

Credit risk

Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents held with banks. The maximum exposure to credit risk is equal to the carrying value of the financial assets. The objective of managing counterparty credit risk is to prevent losses on financial assets. The Company minimizes the credit risk of cash and cash equivalents by depositing with only reputable financial institutions. The Company also assesses the credit quality of counterparties, taking into account their financial position, past experience and other factors.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due.

The Company manages liquidity risk through an ongoing review of future commitments and cash balances available. Historically, the Company’s main source of funding has been through investments from its parent. The Company’s access to financing is always uncertain and there can be no assurance of continued access to significant equity or debt funding on terms satisfactory to the Company, or at all.

Foreign exchange risk

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair values of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because they are denominated in currencies that differ from the respective functional currency.

The Company operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk from the South African Rand, Great British Pound, Australian Dollar and United States Dollar. Foreign exchange risk arises from transactions as well as recognized financial assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies.

A 10% adverse change in exchange rate would have resulted in a loss of $110,468 as of September 30, 2023.

Management mitigates the risk of adverse exchange rate movements by holding funds in Canadian and US dollars.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company has no significant interest-bearing assets or liabilities and therefore its income and operating cash flows are substantially independent of changes in market interest rates.

Capital Management

The Company’s objectives when managing its capital are to safeguard its ability to continue as a going concern, to meet its capital expenditures for its continued operations, and to maintain a flexible capital structure which optimizes the cost of capital within a framework of acceptable risk. The Company manages its capital structure and adjusts it in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. To maintain or adjust its capital structure, the Company may issue new shares, issue debt, or acquire or dispose of assets. The Company is not subject to externally imposed capital requirements.

Management reviews its capital management approach on an ongoing basis. The Company considers its shareholders’ equity balance as capital.

Related Party Transactions

All related party transactions are measured at the exchange amount, which is the amount of consideration established and agreed to by the related parties. All amounts either due from or due to related parties other than specifically disclosed are non-interest bearing, unsecured and have no fixed terms of repayments. The Company incurred the following transactions with related parties during the 6 month period ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022:

Compensation to key management personnel

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Company, directly or indirectly. Key management personnel include the Company’s executive officers and Board of Directors.

Short-term benefits consist of consulting fees, payroll and other benefits paid to key management personnel.

The Company incurred the following transactions with related parties during the years ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022:

Short term benefits consist of consulting fees, payroll and other benefits paid to key management personnel. Share based compensation is options granted to key management personnel. Accounts payable included balances for related parties of $74,156 ($17,610 – March 31, 2022 & $22,366 – March 31, 2021).

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no obligations, assets or liabilities, which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2023. We do not participate in transactions that create relationships with entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements. We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets.

Contractual obligations

We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities.

JOBS Act

On April 5, 2012, the JOBS Act was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, relax certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. We qualify as an “emerging growth company” and under the JOBS Act are allowed to comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements based on the effective date for private (not publicly traded) companies. We are electing to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards, and as a result, we may not comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non- emerging growth companies. As such, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.

Additionally, we are in the process of evaluating the benefits of relying on the other reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if, as an “emerging growth company,” we choose to rely on such exemptions we may not be required to, among other things, (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, (iii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the PCAOB regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis) and (iv) disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of executive compensation to median employee compensation. These exemptions will apply for a period of five years following the completion of our IPO or until we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” whichever is earlier

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Introduction

Psyence Biomedical is providing the following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information to aid you in your analysis of the financial aspects of the Business Combination.

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2023 combines the historical balance sheet of NCAC as of September 30, 2023 with the historical carve-out consolidated balance sheets of Psyence Biomed Corp. as of September 30, 2023, giving pro forma effect to the Business Combination, as if it had occurred as of September 30, 2023.

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the six months ended September 30, 2023 combine the historical statement of operations of NCAC for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 less the three months ended March 31, 2023, and the historical carve-out consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss of Psyence Biomed Corp. for the six months ended September 30, 2023, giving pro forma effect to the Business Combination as if it had occurred on April 1, 2022, the beginning of the earliest period presented.

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the year ended March 31, 2023 combine the historical statement of operations of NCAC for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the historical carve-out consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss of Psyence Biomed Corp. for the year ended March 31, 2023, giving pro forma effect to the Business Combination as if it had occurred on April 1, 2022, the beginning of the earliest period presented.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements have been derived from:

This information should be read together with the Carve-Out Consolidated Financial Statements of Psyence Biomed Corp. and its related notes and NCAC’s financial statements and related notes, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and other financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus.

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEET AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

(In USD)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information.

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(in USD)

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2023
(in USD)

NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Note 1 - Description of the Business Combination

On January 25, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), Psyence Biomedical Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of Ontario, Canada (“Psyence Biomedical” or the “Company”), consummated the previously announced business combination pursuant to the Amended and Restated Business Combination Agreement (as amended, the “BCA”), dated as of July 31, 2023, by and among the Company, Newcourt Acquisition Corp., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“NCAC”), Newcourt SPAC Sponsor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Sponsor”), Psyence Group Inc., a corporation organized under the laws of Ontario, Canada (“Parent”), Psyence (Cayman) Merger Sub, a Cayman Islands exempted company and a direct and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”), Psyence Biomed Corp., a corporation organized under the laws of British Columbia, Canada (“Original Target”), and Psyence Biomed II Corp., a corporation organized under the laws of Ontario, Canada (“Psyence II”).

Prior to the execution of the Amended and Restated Business Combination Agreement, Parent formed Psyence II and Psyence Biomedical as wholly owned subsidiaries, and prior to the Closing, Parent and the Original Target were amalgamated. Thereafter, Parent transferred the shares of Psyence Australia Pty Ltd. and its related business assets that were previously owned by the Original Target to Psyence II.

The following transactions occurred pursuant to the terms of the BCA (collectively, the “Business Combination”) at the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”):

On January 15, 2024 and January 23, 2024, the parties to the Business Combination Agreement entered into letter agreements (the “Closing Letter Agreements”) pursuant to which, among other things, Psyence Biomedical, Parent, the Company, Original Target and Merger Sub (collectively, the “Psyence Parties”) agreed, (X) on a conditional basis, to waive the closing conditions contained in the BCA that, at or prior to the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), (i) Newcourt shall have no less than $20,000,000, net of liabilities, as of the Closing (the “Minimum Cash Condition”) and (ii) the PIPE Investment in the PIPE Investment Amount shall have occurred or shall be ready to occur substantially concurrently with the Closing (the “PIPE Investment Condition”) and (Y) to waive certain deliverables under Section 3.6 of the Business Combination Agreement (the “Closing Deliverables”). Upon the Closing, the Psyence Parties waived in full the Minimum Cash Condition, the PIPE Investment Condition and the Closing Deliverables.

On January 15, 2024, in connection with the Business Combination, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) by and among (i) the Company, (ii) Psyence II, (iii) Sponsor and (iv) certain investors (the “Investors”) relating to up to four senior secured convertible notes (collectively, the “Notes” and the transactions pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the “Financing”), obligations under which will be guaranteed by certain assets of the Company and Psyence II, issuable to the Investors at or after the Closing, as the case may be, for the aggregate principal amount of up to $12,500,000 in exchange for up to $10,000,000 in subscription amounts.

The Note for the first tranche of the Financing (the “First Tranche Note”), for a total of $3,125,000 of principal in exchange for a total of $2,500,000 in subscription amounts and was issued to the Investors substantially concurrently with, and contingent upon, the Closing. The Financing closed immediately prior to the Business Combination.

Upon the closing of the first tranche of the Financing, the Minimum Cash Condition and PIPE Investment Condition were deemed waived by the Psyence Parties.

Merger Consideration

As consideration for all of the issued and outstanding Psyence II common shares that the Company shall receive in the Company Exchange, the Company shall issue to Parent, 5,000,000 Common Shares.

Note 2 - Basis of Presentation

The adjustments presented on the pro forma combined financial statements have been identified and presented to provide an understanding of the Company upon consummation of the Business Combination for illustrative purposes.

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X as amended by the final rule, Release No. 33-10786 “Amendments to Financial Disclosures about Acquired and Disposed Businesses.” Release No. 33-10786 replaces the existing pro forma adjustment criteria with simplified requirements to depict the accounting for the transaction (“Transaction Accounting Adjustments”) and present the reasonably estimable synergies and other transaction effects that have occurred or are reasonably expected to occur (“Management’s Adjustments”). The Company has elected not to present Management’s Adjustments and will only be presenting Transaction Accounting Adjustments in the following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information. The historical financial information has been adjusted to reflect the pro forma adjustments that are directly attributable to the Business Combination and the Security Purchase Agreement financing as described below.

Actual Redemptions

On January 18, 2024, in connection with the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders held in connection with the proposed Business Combination, NCAC’s public shareholders holding 929,727 public shares validly elected to redeem their shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the NCAC’s Trust Account. As a result, approximately $10.74 million (approximately $11.56 per public share redeemed in connection with the Extension Meeting) was removed from the Trust Account to pay such holders. On January 22, 2024, in connection with the NCAC’s Extension Meeting, shareholders holding 63,635 public shares exercised their right to redeem their shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the NCAC’s Trust Account. As a result, approximately $735,000 (approximately $11.56 per public share redeemed in connection with the Extension Meeting) was removed from the Trust Account to pay such holders. The total shares redeemed was 993,362 resulting in approximately $11.49 was removed from the Trust Account to pay such holders. Following such redemptions, NCAC had 119,659 public shares outstanding and approximately $1.38 million remained in the Trust Account.

Financing Arrangements

On January 15, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) by and among the Company, Psyence, Sponsor and a purchaser (the “Purchaser”) relating to up to four senior secured convertible notes (collectively, the “Notes”), obligations under which will be guaranteed by certain assets of the Company and Psyence, issuable to the Purchaser at or after the Closing, as the case may be, for the aggregate principal amount of up to $12,500,000 in exchange for up to $10,000,000 in subscription amounts.

The First Tranche Note will be a total of $3,125,000 of principal in exchange for a total of $2,500,000 in subscription amounts and will be issuable to the Purchaser substantially concurrently with, and contingent upon, the consummation of the Business Combination or at such other time and place as the Company and the Purchaser mutually agree upon.

The Second Tranche Note will be a total of $3,125,000 of principal in exchange for a total of $2,500,000 in subscription amounts; provided, however, that, in the event that the Market Value Traded as of the Second Tranche Closing is less than the full subscription amount of the Second Tranche Note, (A) Purchaser will invest an amount equal to the Market Value Traded as of the Second Tranche Closing and (B) on the later of (i) each subsequent 30 day anniversary of the Second Tranche Closing or (ii) the effectiveness of the registration statement registering the underlying shares for such portion of the Second Tranche Note, Purchaser will invest an amount equal to the Market Value Traded as of such date, until the Second Tranche Note is funded in full, subject to the conditions set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement.

The Third Tranche Note, if any, will be a total of $3,125,000 of principal in exchange for a total of $2,500,000 in subscription amounts.

The Fourth Tranche Note, if any, will be a total of $3,125,000 of principal in exchange for a total of $2,500,000 in subscription amounts.

The material terms of the Notes are as follows: On the original issuance date, interest shall begin accruing at 8.0% per annum based on the outstanding principal amount of the Note, payable monthly in arrears in cash or in common shares of the Company’s (“Common Shares”) (at the Conversion Price). For purposes of the Notes, the Conversion Price, commencing on the first trading day following the closing of the Business Combination shall be $10.00; provided, however, it may be subject to adjustments according to the terms and reset dates included in the Note.

Additionally, in consideration of the willingness of the Purchaser to enter into the transactions that are the subject of the Securities Purchase Agreement and the Notes, the Company or certain of its shareholders shall deliver a structuring fee of Common Shares (the “Structuring Shares”) in connection with the Note per the terms of the attached agreement, with (i) 1,300,000 Structuring Shares delivered to the Purchaser at the First Tranche Closing and (ii) following the First Tranche Closing, 1,700,000 Structuring Shares delivered pursuant to the terms set forth in the call option agreements to be entered into between Purchaser and certain shareholders of the Company.

In connection with the foregoing, the Company and the Purchaser will enter into a registration rights agreement, pursuant to which the Company will file a Registration Statement covering the resale of registrable securities issuable pursuant to the Note.

In connection with the foregoing and as a condition to each closing under the Securities Purchase Agreement, NCAC Sponsor and Parent, shall have entered into a lock-up agreement, pursuant to which, NCAC Sponsor and Parent will agree, subject to customary exceptions, not to offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, grant, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any Common Shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Shares (the “Lock-Up Securities”), whether currently owned or acquired later by NCAC Sponsor or Parent, or enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Lock-Up Securities until 180 days following the closing of the Business Combination, or such later date pursuant to the terms set forth therein.

The Structuring Shares are deemed to be representative of a freestanding financial instrument issued in a bundled transaction with the Note. The Structuring Shares to be issued as part of the bundled transaction are classified and accounted for as equity; therefore, the proceeds are required to be allocated based on the relative fair values of the base instrument (i.e., Note) and the Structuring Shares in accordance with the guidance in ASC 470, Debt. The accounting position is currently under review and is subject to change.

The pro forma condensed combined financial information is for illustrative purposes only. The financial results may have been different had the companies always been combined. You should not rely on the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information as being indicative of the historical results that would have been achieved had the companies always been combined or the future results that the Company will experience. Original Target and NCAC have not had any historical relationship prior to the Business Combination. Accordingly, no pro forma adjustments were required to eliminate activities between the companies.

The historical carve-out consolidated financial statements of Original Target. have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and in its presentation currency of the Canadian Dollar (“CDN” or “CDN$”). The historical financial statements of NCAC have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP in its presentation currency of the U.S. dollar (“USD” or “$”). The condensed combined pro forma financial information reflects IFRS and in USD, the basis of accounting used by the registrant, the Company, and no material accounting policy difference is identified in converting NCAC’s historical financial statements from U.S. GAAP to IFRS or Original Target from CDN to USD. The adjustments presented in the pro forma condensed combined financial information have been identified and presented to provide relevant information necessary for an accurate understanding of the Company after giving effect to the Business Combination.

The pro forma condensed combined financial information reflects the actual redemptions as described above.

The following table sets out the share ownership of the Company following Closing on a pro forma basis:

Included in the shares outstanding and weighted average shares outstanding as presented in the pro forma combined financial statements are an aggregate of 13.39 million the Common Shares that were issued to NCAC’s shareholders, Original Target’s shareholders, Financing Investors and to Third Party shareholders.

The pro forma adjustments do not have an income tax effect as they are either (i) incurred by legal entities that are not subject to a corporate income tax, or (ii) permanently nondeductible or nontaxable based on the laws of the relevant jurisdiction.

Note 3 - Accounting for the Business Combination

The Business Combination will be accounted for as a capital reorganization in accordance with IFRS. Under this method of accounting, NCAC will be treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes, and Original Target will be the accounting “acquirer.” This determination was primarily based on the assumption that Original Target shareholders will hold the largest minority of the voting power of the Company, Original Target’s operations will substantially comprise the ongoing operations of the Company, Original Target’s designees are expected to comprise a majority of the governing body of the Company, and Original Target’s senior management will comprise the senior management of the Company. However, NCAC does not meet the definition of a “business” pursuant to IFRS 3 Business Combinations, and thus, for accounting purposes, the Business Combination will be accounted for as a capital reorganization. The net assets of NCAC will be stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. The deemed costs of the shares issued by Original Target, which represents the fair value of the shares that Original Target would have had to issue for the ratio of ownership interest in the Company to be the same as if the Business Combination had taken the legal form of Original Target acquiring shares of NCAC, in excess of the net assets of NCAC will be accounted for as stock-based compensation under IFRS 2 Share-Based Payment.

Note 4 - U.S. GAAP to IFRS Conversion and Presentation Alignment

The historical financial information of NCAC has been adjusted to give effect to the differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS as issued by the IASB for the purposes of the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information. One adjustment required to convert NCAC’s balance sheet from U.S. GAAP to IFRS for purposes of the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information was to reclassify NCAC Class A ordinary shares subject to redemption to non-current financial liabilities under IFRS 2, as shareholders have the right to require NCAC to redeem NCAC Public Shares and NCAC has an irrevocable obligation to deliver cash or another financial instrument for such redemption.

Further, as part of the preparation of the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information, certain reclassifications were made to align NCAC’s historical financial information in accordance with the presentation of Psyence Biomed Corp.’s historical carve-out consolidated financial information, see below for effect of conversion on the financial statements.

In addition, as part of the preparation of the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information since the reporting currency will be in United States dollars (“USD”), Original Target’s historical carve-out consolidated financial information was converted from Canadian dollars (“CDN”) to USD in accordance with the presentation of functional currency of Psyence Australia Pty, Ltd.’s historical financial information and the Company’s anticipated reporting currency, see below for effect of conversion on the financial statements.

NCAC’s Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2023

U.S. GAAP to IFRS Conversion of NCAC’s Statement of Operations for the six months ended September 30, 2023

NCAC’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and in USD currency and is converted to IFRS as follows:

U.S. GAAP to IFRS Conversion of NCAC’s Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022

NCAC’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and in USD currency and is converted to IFRS as follows: