Federal Signal (FSS) 10-K1 Mar 232022 FY Annual reportFinancial data

Company Profile

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Feb. 28, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-6003
Entity Registrant Name	FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	36-1063330
Entity Address, Address Line One	1415 West 22nd Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Oak Brook
Entity Address, State or Province	IL
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	60523
City Area Code	630
Local Phone Number	954-2000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share
Trading Symbol	FSS
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 2,110,562,803
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		60,754,664
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III.
Entity Central Index Key	0000277509
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2022
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	Deloitte & Touche LLP
Auditor Firm ID	34
Auditor Location	Chicago, Illinois

Consolidated Statements Of Oper

Consolidated Statements Of Operations - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net sales	$ 1,434.8	$ 1,213.2	$ 1,130.8
Cost of sales	1,089.9	924.5	837.2
Gross profit	344.9	288.7	293.6
Selling, engineering, general and administrative expenses	171.7	149.2	149.2
Amortization expense	12.9	10.9	9.6
Acquisition and integration-related (benefits) expenses	(0.5)	(2.1)	2.1
Restructuring	0	0	1.3
Operating income	160.8	130.7	131.4
Interest expense	10.3	4.5	5.7
Debt settlement charges	0.1	0	0
Pension settlement charges	0	10.3	0
Other (income) expense, net	(0.5)	(1.7)	1.1
Income before income taxes	150.9	117.6	124.6
Income tax expense	30.5	17	28.5
Income from continuing operations	120.4	100.6	96.1
Gain from discontinued operations and disposal, net of tax	0	0	0.1
Net income	$ 120.4	$ 100.6	$ 96.2
Basic earnings per share:
Earnings from continuing operations (usd per share)	$ 1.99	$ 1.65	$ 1.59
Earnings from discontinued operations and disposal, net of tax (usd per share)	0	0	0
Net earnings per share (usd per share)	1.99	1.65	1.59
Diluted earnings per share:
Earnings from continuing operations (usd per share)	1.97	1.63	1.56
Earnings from discontinued operations and disposal, net of tax (usd per share)	0	0	0
Net earnings per share (usd per share)	$ 1.97	$ 1.63	$ 1.56
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic (shares)	60.5	60.8	60.3
Diluted (shares)	61.2	61.9	61.7

Consolidated Statements Of Comp

Consolidated Statements Of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 120.4	$ 100.6	$ 96.2
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment	(12.6)	(4.7)	8.4
Change in unrecognized net actuarial loss and prior service cost related to pension benefit plans, net of income tax (benefit) expense of $(0.1), $6.1 and $(2.2), respectively	(0.3)	20.5	(8)
Change in unrealized gain or loss on interest rate swaps, net of income tax expense (benefit) of $1.1, $0.6 and $(1.0), respectively	3.1	1.7	(3)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(9.8)	17.5	(2.6)
Comprehensive income	$ 110.6	$ 118.1	$ 93.6

Consolidated Statements Of Co_2

Consolidated Statements Of Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Tax expense (benefit) on change in unrecognized net actuarial losses and prior service cost related to pension benefit plans	$ (0.1)	$ 6.1	$ (2.2)
Tax (benefit) expense on unrealized net gain on derivatives	$ 1.1	$ 0.6	$ (1)

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 47.5	$ 40.5
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $2.5 and $2.1, respectively	173.8	136
Inventories	292.7	229.1
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	17.4	25.4
Total current assets	531.4	431
Properties and equipment, net	179.3	141.9
Rental equipment, net	109.1	108.4
Operating lease right-of-use assets	24.7	29.8
Goodwill	453.4	432.2
Intangible assets, net	208.2	205.7
Deferred tax assets	8.8	8.4
Deferred charges and other long-term assets	9.4	8.7
Total assets	1,524.3	1,366.1
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	1.5	0.6
Accounts payable	72.4	64.8
Customer deposits	25.4	21.9
Accrued liabilities:
Compensation and withholding taxes	31.1	29.9
Current operating lease liabilities	6.9	8.8
Other current liabilities	43.2	44.4
Total current liabilities	180.5	170.4
Long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	361.5	282.2
Long-term operating lease liabilities	18.5	22.1
Long-term pension and other post-retirement benefit liabilities	38.9	40.4
Deferred tax liabilities	51	53.2
Other long-term liabilities	13	13.8
Total liabilities	663.4	582.1
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $1 par value per share, 90.0 shares authorized, 69.5 and 68.9 shares issued, respectively	69.5	68.9
Capital in excess of par value	271.8	256.7
Retained earnings	782.2	683.6
Treasury stock, at cost, 8.8 and 8.0 shares, respectively	(178.6)	(151)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(84)	(74.2)
Total stockholders’ equity	860.9	784
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 1,524.3	$ 1,366.1

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 2.5	$ 2.1
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 1
Common stock, shares authorized	90
Common stock, shares issued	69.5	68.9
Treasury stock, shares	8.8	8

Consolidated Statements Of Cash

Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Operating activities:
Net income	$ 120.4	$ 100.6	$ 96.2
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net gain on discontinued operations and disposal	0	0	(0.1)
Depreciation and amortization	54.7	50.4	44.8
Deferred financing costs	0.4	0.3	0.3
Stock-based compensation expense	10.2	7.6	8.4
Pension settlement charges	0	10.3	0
Pension-related expense, net of funding	(1.4)	(3.8)	(6.6)
Changes in fair value of contingent consideration	0	(3.5)	(0.1)
Deferred income taxes, including change in valuation allowance	(4.2)	(6.5)	5.8
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(38)	2.5	8.6
Inventories	(61)	(24.2)	2.5
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(0.5)	(2.6)	(0.6)
Rental equipment	(26)	(15.9)	(16.9)
Accounts payable	8.3	6.4	(13.9)
Customer deposits	1.3	3.9	1.7
Accrued liabilities	1.1	(5.5)	(1.2)
Income taxes	8	(11.6)	1.3
Other	(1.5)	(6.6)	6.1
Net cash provided by continuing operating activities	71.8	101.8	136.3
Net cash used for discontinued operating activities	0	0	(0.1)
Net cash provided by operating activities	71.8	101.8	136.2
Investing activities:
Purchases of properties and equipment	(53)	(37.4)	(29.7)
Payments for acquisition-related activity	(49.8)	(131.8)	(5.4)
Other, net	3.1	0.5	0.7
Net cash used for investing activities	(99.7)	(168.7)	(34.4)
Financing activities:
Increase (decrease) in revolving lines of credit, net	81.2	70.5	(11.8)
Payments of debt financing fees	(1.9)	0	0
Purchases of treasury stock	(16.1)	(15.4)	(13.7)
Redemptions of common stock to satisfy withholding taxes related to stock-based compensation	(6.2)	(10.7)	(9.1)
Cash dividends paid to stockholders	(21.8)	(22)	(19.4)
Proceeds from stock compensation activity	0.2	4.2	0.6
Other, net	0.1	(0.2)	0
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	35.5	26.4	(53.4)
Effects of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(0.6)	(0.7)	1.7
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	7	(41.2)	50.1
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	40.5	81.7	31.6
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$ 47.5	$ 40.5	$ 81.7

Consolidated Statements Of Stoc

Consolidated Statements Of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total	Common Stock Par Value	Capital in Excess of Par Value	Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 641.6	$ 66.9	$ 228.6	$ 528.2	$ (93)	$ (89.1)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	96.2			96.2
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(2.6)					(2.6)
Cash dividends declared	(19.4)			(19.4)
Stock-based payments:
Stock-based compensation	7.8		7.8
Stock option exercises and other	(4.9)	0.7	4.6		(10.2)
Performance share unit transactions	(2.9)	0.2	(0.2)		(2.9)
Stock repurchase program	(13.7)				(13.7)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	702.1	67.8	240.8	605	(119.8)	(91.7)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	100.6			100.6
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	17.5					17.5
Cash dividends declared	(22)			(22)
Stock-based payments:
Stock-based compensation	7		7
Stock option exercises and other	(2)	0.9	9.1		(12)
Performance share unit transactions	(3.8)	0.2	(0.2)		(3.8)
Stock repurchase program	(15.4)				(15.4)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	784	68.9	256.7	683.6	(151)	(74.2)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	120.4			120.4
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(9.8)					(9.8)
Cash dividends declared	(21.8)			(21.8)
Stock-based payments:
Stock-based compensation	9.5		9.5
Stock option exercises and other	(4)	0.5	5.7		(10.2)
Performance share unit transactions	(1.3)	0.1	(0.1)		(1.3)
Stock repurchase program	(16.1)				(16.1)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 860.9	$ 69.5	$ 271.8	$ 782.2	$ (178.6)	$ (84)

Consolidated Statements Of St_2

Consolidated Statements Of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Cash dividends declared per common share (usd per share)	$ 0.36	$ 0.36	$ 0.32

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Significant Accounting Policies	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Organization and Description of the Business Federal Signal Corporation was founded in 1901 and was reincorporated as a Delaware corporation in 1969. References herein to the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us” refer collectively to Federal Signal Corporation and its subsidiaries. Products manufactured and services rendered by the Company are divided into two reportable segments: Environmental Solutions Group and Safety and Security Systems Group. The individual operating businesses are organized as such because they share certain characteristics, including technology, marketing, distribution and product application, which create long-term synergies. The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31. All references to 2022, 2021 and 2020 relate to the fiscal year unless otherwise indicated. Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements represent the consolidation of Federal Signal Corporation and its subsidiaries and have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. New Accounting Standards Adopted in 2022 In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Liabilities from Contracts with Customers , which requires an acquirer to recognize and measure contract assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) rather than adjust them to fair value at the acquisition date. This ASU, which is applied on a prospective basis, is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2022, and the application of the amended guidance to the acquisition completed in 2022 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted New accounting pronouncements issued, but not yet adopted, are either not applicable or are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Non-U.S. Operations Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. subsidiaries, other than those whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar, are translated at current exchange rates with the related translation adjustments reported in stockholders’ equity as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Accounts within the Consolidated Statements of Operations are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical exchange rates. The Company incurs foreign currency transaction gains or losses, related to transactions that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency, which are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of Other (income) expense, net. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company realized foreign currency transaction losses of $0.2 million. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company realized foreign currency transaction gains of $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (ii) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and (iii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity and highly liquid nature of these instruments. Accounts Receivable The Company carries accounts receivable at the face amount less an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses as a result of a customer’s inability to make required payments. Management evaluates the aging of the accounts receivable balances, the financial condition of its customers, historical trends and the time outstanding of specific balances to estimate the amount of accounts receivables that may not be collected in the future and records the appropriate provision. Inventories The Company’s inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. Included in the cost of inventories are raw materials, direct wages and associated production costs. Properties and Equipment Properties and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Useful lives generally range from eight three Properties and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Rental Equipment The Company enters into lease agreements with customers related to the rental of certain equipment. All of these leasing agreements are classified as operating leases and are for periods generally not to exceed five years. In accounting for these leases, the cost of the equipment purchased or manufactured by the Company is recorded as an asset and is depreciated over its estimated useful life. Rental income is recognized ratably over the term of the underlying leases. Rental equipment is depreciated to an estimated residual value on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets and is reviewed for potential impairment whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares non-discounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on a non-discounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary. Rental equipment includes certain equipment that is manufactured by the Company and subsequently transferred to the rental fleet, as well as equipment purchased from third-party manufacturers, for the purpose of renting to end-customers. The related cash flow activity associated with these transactions is reflected within operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired business over the amounts assigned to its net assets. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at a reporting unit level on an annual basis or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31, 2022. In testing the goodwill of its reporting units for potential impairment, the Company applies either a qualitative or quantitative test, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other . A qualitative approach may be applied when the Company concludes that it is not “more likely than not” that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. In this situation, the Company would not be required to perform the quantitative impairment test described below. A quantitative approach is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired and no impairment charge is required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, this difference is recorded as an impairment charge not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The Company generally determines the fair value of its reporting units using both the income and market approaches. Under the income approach, the key assumptions include projected sales, cost of sales, operating expenses and the discount rate. Under the market approach, the Company estimates fair value using marketplace fair value data from within a comparable industry grouping. The results of these two methods are weighted based upon management’s evaluation of the relevance of the two approaches. In 2022, the Company applied the quantitative approach to assess the goodwill of its reporting units for potential impairment, using a combination of the income and market approaches to determine the fair values of its reporting units. The fair values of the Company’s reporting units exceeded their carrying values by more than 20% and, therefore, no impairment was recognized. The Company had no goodwill impairments in 2022, 2021 or 2020. See Note 8 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for a summary of the Company’s goodwill by segment. Intangible Assets Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives and are tested for impairment if indicators exist in a manner similar to that described above for Rental Equipment . Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment on an annual basis at October 31, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset could be below its carrying amount. In testing the indefinite-lived intangibles assets for potential impairment, the Company applies either a qualitative test, or a quantitative test, in accordance with ASC 350. A qualitative approach may be applied when the Company concludes that it is not “more likely than not” that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets are less than their carrying value. A quantitative impairment test consists of comparing the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset with its carrying amount. An impairment loss would be recognized for the carrying amount in excess of its fair value. In 2022, the Company performed a combination of qualitative and quantitative impairment tests over its indefinite-lived intangible assets. The fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset that was quantitatively tested for impairment exceeded its carrying value by more than 50%, and, therefore, no impairment was recognized. Further, the Company concluded that it was not “more likely than not” that the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets that were qualitatively tested for impairment were less than the carrying amounts. Accordingly, further quantitative testing was not required to be performed. The Company had no indefinite-lived intangible asset impairments in 2022, 2021 or 2020. See Note 8 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for a summary of the Company’s intangible assets. Warranties Warranties are classified as either assurance-type or service-type warranties. A warranty is considered an assurance-type warranty if it provides the customer with assurance that the product will function as intended. A warranty that goes above and beyond ensuring basic functionality is considered a service-type warranty. The Company offers certain limited warranties that are assurance-type warranties and extended service arrangements that are service-type warranties. Assurance-type warranties are not accounted for as separate performance obligations under the revenue model. If a service-type warranty is sold with a product or separately, revenue is recognized over the life of the warranty. Sales of many of the Company’s products include assurance-type warranties based on terms that are generally accepted in the Company’s marketplaces. The Company records provisions for estimated warranty costs, which are included within Cost of sales, at the time of sale based on historical experience. The Company periodically adjusts these provisions to reflect actual experience. Infrequently, a material warranty issue can arise which is beyond the scope of the Company’s historical experience. The Company records costs related to these issues as they become probable and estimable. The Company also sells optional service-type warranty contracts that extend coverage beyond the initial term of the express warranty period. At the time of sale, revenue related to the service-type warranty contract is deferred and typically recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, deferred revenue associated with service-type warranty contracts was $4.1 million and $4.0 million, respectively, and was included within Other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Costs under service-type warranty contracts are expensed as incurred. Workers’ Compensation and Product Liability Reserves Due to the nature of the Company’s manufacturing and products, the Company is subject to claims for workers’ compensation and product liability in the normal course of business. The Company is self-funded for a portion of these claims. The Company establishes a reserve using a third-party actuary for any known outstanding matters, including a reserve for claims incurred but not yet reported. The amount and timing of cash payments relating to these claims are considered to be reliably determinable given the nature of the claims and historical claim volumes to support the actuarial assumptions and judgments used to derive the expected loss payment patterns. As such, the reserves recorded are discounted using a risk-free rate that matches the average duration of the claims. The Company has not established a reserve for potential losses resulting from the firefighter hearing loss litigation, with the exception of certain estimated losses that have been recognized related to settlement discussions (see Note 13 – Legal Proceedings). If the Company is not successful in its defense after exhausting all appellate options, it would record a charge for such claims, to the extent they exceed insurance recoveries, when the related losses become probable and estimable. Pensions The Company sponsors domestic and foreign defined benefit pension plans. Key assumptions used in the accounting for these employee benefit plans include the discount rate, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and estimates of future mortality of plan participants. The weighted-average discount rate used to measure pension liabilities and costs is selected using a hypothetical portfolio of high-quality bonds that would provide the necessary cash flow to match the projected benefit payments of the plans. The discount rate represents the rate at which our benefit obligations could effectively be settled as of the year-end measurement date. The weighted-average discount rate used to measure pension liabilities increased from 2021 to 2022. See Note 11 – Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans for further discussion. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is based on historical and expected returns for the asset classes in which the plans are invested. The Company references published mortality tables and scales in determining its estimate of future mortality. Revenue Recognition See Note 3 – Revenue Recognition for discussion regarding the Company’s revenue recognition accounting policies. Product Shipping Costs Product shipping costs are expensed as incurred and are included within Cost of sales. Research and Development The Company invests in research to support development of new products and the enhancement of existing products and services. Expenditures for research and development by the Company were $11.5 million in 2022, $11.4 million in 2021 and $12.2 million in 2020, and are included within SEG&A expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Stock-Based Compensation Plans The Company has various stock-based compensation plans, described more fully in Note 15 – Stock-Based Compensation. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded net of estimated forfeitures in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company estimates the forfeiture rate based on historical forfeitures of equity awards and adjusts the rate to reflect changes in facts and circumstances, if any. The Company revises its estimated forfeiture rate if actual forfeitures differ from its initial estimates. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and tax benefit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities at the end of each period are determined using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the period in which the deferred tax liability or asset is expected to be settled or realized. A valuation allowance is established or maintained when, based on currently available information and other factors, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return for Federal Signal Corporation and its eligible domestic subsidiaries. The Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries file income tax returns in their respective local jurisdictions. The Company accounts for taxes on Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) as a period expense in the year in which it is incurred. Accounting standards on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes address the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the consolidated financial statements. Under the guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company presents interest and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of Income tax expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Litigation Contingencies The Company is subject to various claims, including pending and possible legal actions for product liability and other damages, and other matters arising in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. The Company believes, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that the outcome of such claims and actions in the aggregate will not have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, in the event of unexpected future developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of such matters, if unfavorable, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations. Professional legal fees are expensed when incurred. The Company accrues for contingent losses when such losses are probable and reasonably estimable. In the event that estimates or assumptions of contingent losses are different from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information.

Acquisitions

Acquisitions	12 Months Ended
Acquisitions	Dec. 31, 2022
Acquisitions [Abstract]
Acquisitions	ACQUISITIONS The Company’s acquisitions are accounted for in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations . In accordance with this guidance, the fair value of consideration transferred is allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the completion of the acquisition, with the remaining amount recognized as goodwill. A single estimate of fair value results from a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and relies heavily on estimates and assumptions. The Company’s judgments used to determine the estimated fair value assigned to each class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as asset lives, can materially impact the Company’s results of operations. Under ASC 805-10, acquisition-related costs (e.g., advisory, legal, valuation and other professional fees) are not included as a component of consideration transferred, but are accounted for as expenses in the periods in which the costs are incurred. Acquisition-related costs are included as a component of Acquisition and integration-related (benefits) expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Acquisitions Completed in 2022 Acquisition of TowHaul On October 3, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of substantially all the assets and operations of TowHaul Corporation (“TowHaul”). TowHaul is a leading manufacturer of off-road towing and hauling equipment. The Company expects that the TowHaul acquisition will further bolster its position as an industry leading diversified industrial manufacturer of specialized vehicles for maintenance and infrastructure markets with leading brands of premium, value-adding products, and a strong supporting aftermarket platform. As the acquisition closed on October 3, 2022, the assets and liabilities of TowHaul have been consolidated into the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022, while the post-acquisition results of operations have been included in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, within the Environmental Solutions Group. The acquisition generated net sales and operating income of $7.2 million and $2.3 million, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2022. The initial cash consideration paid by the Company to acquire TowHaul was approximately $43.3 million, inclusive of certain preliminary closing adjustments. Any additional closing adjustments are expected to be finalized before the end of the second quarter of 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s purchase price allocation reflects various provisional estimates that were based on the information that was available as of the acquisition date and the filing date of this Form 10-K. The Company believes that information provides a reasonable basis for estimating the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed; however, the determination of those fair values, including the third-party valuation of acquired intangible assets, is not yet finalized. Thus, the preliminary measurements of fair value set forth in the table below are subject to change during the measurement period as valuations are finalized. The Company expects to finalize the valuation and complete the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable, but not more than one year from the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date: (in millions) Purchase price, inclusive of preliminary adjustment for working capital and other post-closing items (a) $ 43.3 Total consideration 43.3 Accounts receivable 1.5 Inventories 4.7 Properties and equipment 6.5 Customer relationships (b) 14.0 Trade names (c) 6.7 Accounts payable (0.1) Accrued liabilities (0.5) Customer deposits (2.4) Net assets acquired 30.4 Goodwill (d) $ 12.9 (a) The initial purchase price, which is subject to certain post-closing adjustments, including working capital, was funded through existing cash and borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility. (b) Represents the preliminary fair value assigned to customer relationships, which are considered to be definite-lived intangible assets, with a preliminary estimated useful life of approximately 12 years. (c) Represents the preliminary fair value assigned to trade names, which are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets. (d) Goodwill, which is tax-deductible, has been allocated to the Environmental Solutions Group on the basis that the synergies identified will primarily benefit this segment. The acquisition was not, and would not have been, material to the Company’s net sales or results of operations during any period presented. Accordingly, the Company’s consolidated results from operations do not differ materially from historical performance as a result of the acquisition, and therefore, unaudited pro-forma results are not presented. Acquisitions Completed in 2021 During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company completed three acquisitions, all of which were accounted for as business combinations in accordance with ASC 805. As each of the acquisitions closed during 2021, the assets and liabilities of each of the acquisitions have been consolidated into the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the post-acquisition results of operations of each of the acquisitions have been included in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, within the Environmental Solutions Group. Acquisition of Deist On December 30, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of substantially all of the assets and operations of each of Deist Industries, Inc.; Bucks Fabricating, LLC; Roll-Off Parts, LLC and Switch-N-Go, LLC (collectively, “Deist”). Deist designs, manufactures and sells interchangeable truck body systems for class 3-7 vehicles in the work truck industry and a full line of waste hauling products, including front/rear loading containers and specialty roll-off containers. The Deist acquisition strengthened the Company’s specialty vehicle market position by expanding its geographic footprint and enhancing its portfolio of dump truck body and trailer product offerings. The cash consideration paid by the Company to acquire Deist was $38.1 million, which was funded through existing cash and borrowings under the Company’s credit facility. In addition, there is a contingent earn-out payment of up to $7.5 million, based upon the achievement of certain financial targets over a specified performance period. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company finalized its purchase price allocation for the Deist acquisition. The measurement period adjustments, which primarily resulted from the completion of a third-party valuation of acquired intangible assets, resulted in an $8.6 million increase to the carrying value of Goodwill from the $5.1 million previously recorded as of December 31, 2021. The measurement period adjustments did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022. The following table summarizes the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date: (in millions) Purchase price, inclusive of closing adjustments $ 38.1 Estimated fair value of additional consideration (a) 2.0 Total consideration 40.1 Accounts receivable 5.1 Inventories 8.8 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 0.2 Properties and equipment 8.5 Customer relationships (b) 3.1 Trade names (c) 5.2 Other intangible assets 1.1 Accounts payable (1.8) Accrued liabilities (3.2) Customer deposits (0.6) Net assets acquired 26.4 Goodwill (d) $ 13.7 (a) Represents the estimated fair value of the contingent earn-out payment as of the acquisition date, which is included as a component of Other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 18 – Fair Value Measurements for discussion of the methodology used to determine the fair value of the contingent earn-out payment. (b) Represents the fair value assigned to customer relationships, which are considered to be definite-lived intangible assets, with an estimated useful life of 5 years. (c) Represents the fair value assigned to trade names, which are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets. (d) Goodwill, which is tax-deductible, has been allocated to the Environmental Solutions Group on the basis that the synergies identified will primarily benefit this segment. Acquisition of Ground Force On October 4, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of substantially all of the assets and operations of Ground Force Manufacturing LLC (“Ground Force”). Ground Force is a leading manufacturer of specialty material handling vehicles that support the extraction of metals. The Ground Force acquisition further bolstered the Company’s position as an industry leading diversified industrial manufacturer of specialized vehicles for maintenance and infrastructure markets with leading brands of premium, value-adding products, and a strong supporting aftermarket platform. The cash consideration paid by the Company to acquire Ground Force was $43.1 million, which was funded through existing cash and borrowings under the Company’s credit facility. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company finalized its purchase price allocation for the Ground Force acquisition. The measurement period adjustments, which primarily resulted from the completion of a third-party valuation of acquired intangible assets, resulted in a $2.1 million increase to the carrying value of Goodwill from the $13.3 million previously recorded as of December 31, 2021. The measurement period adjustments did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022. The following table summarizes the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date: (in millions) Purchase price, inclusive of closing adjustments $ 43.1 Total consideration 43.1 Accounts receivable 3.0 Inventories 4.0 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 0.2 Properties and equipment 1.3 Operating lease right-of-use assets 3.0 Customer relationships (a) 16.8 Trade names (b) 7.8 Operating lease liabilities (3.0) Accounts payable (1.8) Accrued liabilities (0.7) Customer deposits (2.9) Net assets acquired 27.7 Goodwill (c) $ 15.4 (a) Represents the fair value assigned to customer relationships, which are considered to be definite-lived intangible assets, with an estimated useful life of 12 years. (b) Represents the fair value assigned to trade names, which are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets. (c) Goodwill, which is tax-deductible, has been allocated to the Environmental Solutions Group on the basis that the synergies identified will primarily benefit this segment. Acquisition of OSW On February 17, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding equity of OSW Equipment & Repair, LLC, a leading manufacturer of dump truck bodies and custom upfitter of truck equipment and trailers. The acquisition also includes OSW’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Northend Truck Equipment, LLC and Western Truck Body Mfg. ULC (collectively “OSW”). The OSW acquisition strengthened the Company’s specialty vehicle market position by expanding its geographic footprint and enhancing its portfolio of dump truck body and trailer product offerings. The cash consideration paid by the Company to acquire OSW was $53.2 million, which was funded through existing cash and borrowings under the Company’s credit facility. During the first quarter of 2022, the Company finalized its purchase price allocation for the OSW acquisition and there were no changes from the purchase price allocation previously disclosed as of December 31, 2021. The following table summarizes the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date: (in millions) Purchase price, inclusive of closing adjustments $ 53.2 Total consideration 53.2 Cash 1.3 Accounts receivable 3.5 Inventories 8.3 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 0.7 Properties and equipment 5.8 Operating lease right-of-use assets 12.3 Customer relationships (a) 11.3 Trade names (b) 8.4 Other intangible assets 0.2 Operating lease liabilities (12.3) Accounts payable (3.8) Accrued liabilities (1.9) Customer deposits (0.8) Finance lease obligations (1.7) Net assets acquired 31.3 Goodwill (c) $ 21.9 (a) Represents the fair value assigned to customer relationships, which are considered to be definite-lived intangible assets, with an estimated useful life of 12 years. (b) Represents the fair value assigned to trade names, which are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets. (c) Goodwill, the majority of which is tax-deductible, has been allocated to the Environmental Solutions Group on the basis that the synergies identified will primarily benefit this segment. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company received a favorable settlement of $1.9 million in a post-closing adjustment dispute associated with the acquisition of OSW. As the settlement was reached subsequent to the finalization of the Company’s purchase price allocation, the related benefit has been included as a component of Acquisition and integration-related (benefits) expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information The following table presents the unaudited pro forma combined net sales of the Company, OSW, Ground Force and Deist for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, assuming the transactions occurred on January 1, 2020. Pro forma combined income from continuing operations and pro forma diluted earnings per share are not presented, as they would not be materially different from the results reported for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2021 2020 Net sales $ 1,287.7 $ 1,229.1 The unaudited pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and is not intended to represent or be indicative of the consolidated results of operations of the Company that would have been reported had the acquisitions been completed as of the beginning of the periods presented, and should not be taken as being representative of the future consolidated results of operations of the Company. Acquisitions Completed in 2020 Acquisition of Public Works Equipment and Supply, Inc. On June 12, 2020, the Company acquired certain assets and operations of Public Works Equipment and Supply, Inc. (“PWE”), a distributor of maintenance and infrastructure equipment covering North Carolina, South Carolina and parts of Tennessee. The acquisition included cash consideration of $6.2 million, which included a payment to acquire certain inventory and fixed assets at closing. As the acquisition closed on June 12, 2020, the assets and liabilities of PWE have been consolidated into the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the post-acquisition results of operations have been included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, within the Environmental Solutions Group. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the PWE acquisition have been measured at their fair values at the acquisition date, resulting in $2.5 million of goodwill, which is deductible for tax purposes. The Company’s purchase price allocation was finalized during the year ended December 31, 2020. The acquisition was not, and would not have been, material to the Company’s net sales or results of operations during any period presented. Accordingly, the Company’s consolidated results from operations do not differ materially from historical performance as a result of the acquisition, and therefore, unaudited pro-forma results are not presented.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition	12 Months Ended
Revenue Recognition	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue Recognition [Abstract]
Revenue Recognition	REVENUE RECOGNITION Revenue is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied; generally this occurs at a point in time, with the transfer of control of the Company’s products or services to customers. For most of the Company’s product sales, these criteria are met at the time the product is shipped; however, occasionally control passes later or earlier than shipment due to customer contract or letter of credit terms. In circumstances where credit is extended, payment terms generally range from 30 to 120 days and customer deposits may be required. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring products or providing services. Expected returns and allowances are estimated and recognized based primarily on an analysis of historical experience, with Net sales presented net of such returns and allowances. Net sales include sales of products and billed freight related to product sales. Freight has not historically comprised a material component of Net sales. The Company has elected to account for such shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment cost and not as a separate performance obligation. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on a net basis and are excluded from Net sales. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s Environmental Solutions recorded net sales of $2.9 million, $4.2 million and $1.3 million respectively, relating to products sold to Ingenieria Y Servicios Orbitec SPA, an entity which is majority-owned by affiliates of the former owners of Joe Johnson Equipment, Inc. and Joe Johnson Equipment (USA), Inc. (collectively, “JJE”). Information relating to the disaggregation of Net sales by geographic region, based on the location of the end-customer, is included in Note 17 – Segment Information. The following table presents the Company’s Net sales disaggregated by major product line: For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Environmental Solutions Vehicles and equipment (a) $ 927.9 $ 764.3 $ 719.3 Parts 173.7 150.3 129.4 Rental income (b) 53.1 44.7 36.6 Other (c) 35.9 44.7 30.5 Total net sales 1,190.6 1,004.0 915.8 Safety and Security Systems Public safety and security equipment 149.1 126.1 132.6 Industrial signaling equipment 62.1 53.9 50.8 Warning systems 33.0 29.2 31.6 Total net sales 244.2 209.2 215.0 Total net sales $ 1,434.8 $ 1,213.2 $ 1,130.8 (a) Includes net sales from the sale of new and used vehicles and equipment, including sales of rental equipment. (b) Represents revenues from vehicle and equipment lease arrangements with customers, recognized in accordance with Topic 842. (c) Primarily includes revenues from services such as maintenance and repair work and the sale of extended warranty contracts. Contract Balances The Company recognizes contract liabilities when cash payments, such as customer deposits, are received in advance of the Company’s satisfaction of the related performance obligations. Contract liabilities are recognized as Net sales when the related performance obligations are satisfied, which generally occurs within three to six months of the cash receipt. Contract liability balances are not materially impacted by any other factors. The Company’s contract liabilities were $28.9 million and $25.3 million , as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Contract assets, such as unbilled receivables, were not material as of any of the periods presented herein. Practical Expedients As the Company’s standard payment terms are less than a year, the Company has elected the practical expedient under ASC 606-10-32-18 to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component. The Company has also elected the practical expedient under ASC 340-40-25-4 and recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining a contract, such as sales commissions, as expense when incurred as the amortization period of the asset that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. Further, as permitted by ASC 606-10-50-14, the Company does not disclose the value of its remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
Leases	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Lessee, Operating Leases	LEASES The Company leases certain facilities within the U.S., Europe and Canada from which the Company manufactures vehicles and equipment, and provides sales, service and/or equipment rentals. Some of the Company’s lease agreements contain options to renew. The Company also leases vehicles and various other equipment. The Company’s lease agreements may contain lease and non-lease components, which are accounted for separately. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In connection with acquisitions completed in recent years, the Company has entered into certain lease agreements for facilities owned by affiliates of the sellers. All lease agreements contain an annual rent that is considered to be market-based. Total rent paid under these arrangements was $2.8 million , $2.5 million and $1.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company’s total lease liabilities under these agreements were $6.9 million and $17.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental collateralized borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Implicit rates are used when readily determinable. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective lease term. The following table summarizes the Company’s total lease costs and supplemental cash flow information arising from operating lease transactions: (in millions) For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Total operating lease costs (a) $ 11.7 $ 14.9 $ 13.3 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases 7.7 10.7 9.2 (a) Includes short-term leases and variable lease costs. The following table summarizes the components of lease right-of-use assets and liabilities: (in millions) 2022 2021 Affected Line Item in Consolidated Balance Sheets Assets Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 24.7 $ 29.8 Operating lease right-of-use assets Finance lease right-of-use assets 1.9 2.0 Properties and equipment, net Total lease right-of-use assets $ 26.6 $ 31.8 Liabilities Current: Operating leases $ 6.9 $ 8.8 Current operating lease liabilities Finance leases 0.7 0.6 Current portion of long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations Noncurrent: Operating leases 18.5 22.1 Long-term operating lease liabilities Finance leases 1.3 1.5 Long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations Total lease liabilities $ 27.4 $ 33.0 The weighted-average remaining lease terms and discount rates of the Company’s operating leases were as follows: 2022 2021 Weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases 4.9 years 5.1 years Weighted-average discount rate of operating leases 2.5 % 2.5 % Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows: (in millions) 2023 $ 7.5 2024 6.1 2025 4.3 2026 3.3 2027 1.7 Thereafter 4.0 Total lease payments 26.9 Less: Imputed interest 1.5 Present value of operating lease liabilities $ 25.4

Inventories

Inventories	12 Months Ended
Inventories	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Inventories	INVENTORIES The following table summarizes the components of inventories: (in millions) 2022 2021 Finished goods $ 97.5 $ 87.9 Raw materials 164.3 116.4 Work in process 30.9 24.8 Total inventories (a) $ 292.7 $ 229.1

Properties and Equipment, Net

Properties and Equipment, Net	12 Months Ended
Properties and Equipment, Net	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Properties And Equipment, Net	PROPERTIES AND EQUIPMENT, NET The following table summarizes the components of properties and equipment, net: (in millions) 2022 2021 Land $ 13.4 $ 8.5 Buildings and improvements 117.9 82.8 Machinery and equipment 204.4 202.2 Total property and equipment, at cost 335.7 293.5 Less: Accumulated depreciation 156.4 151.6 Properties and equipment, net (a) $ 179.3 $ 141.9 (a) Amounts at December 31, 2022 include properties and equipment acquired in the acquisition of TowHaul - see Note 2 - Acquisitions. On February 16, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of its University Park, Illinois manufacturing facility for approximately $28 million. The Company had previously leased the facility under a lease that was due to expire at the end of June 2023.

Rental Equipment

Rental Equipment	12 Months Ended
Rental Equipment	Dec. 31, 2022
Rental Equipment [Abstract]
Rental Equipment	RENTAL EQUIPMENT, NET The following table summarizes the components of rental equipment, net: (in millions) 2022 2021 Rental equipment $ 154.5 $ 152.2 Less: Accumulated depreciation 45.4 43.8 Rental equipment, net $ 109.1 $ 108.4 Rental income associated with the Company’s equipment rental activity, which is included as a component of Net sales on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, totaled $53.1 million in 2022, $44.7 million in 2021 and $36.6 million in 2020.

Goodwill and Other Intangible A

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	12 Months Ended
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS The following table summarizes the carrying amount of goodwill and changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by segment: (in millions) Environmental Safety & Security Total Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 279.9 $ 114.3 $ 394.2 Acquisitions 40.3 — 40.3 Translation adjustments — (2.3) (2.3) Balance at December 31, 2021 320.2 112.0 432.2 Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments 24.0 — 24.0 Translation adjustments (0.4) (2.4) (2.8) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 343.8 $ 109.6 $ 453.4 The following table summarizes the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets for each major class of intangible assets: 2022 2021 (in millions) Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value Definite-lived intangible assets: Customer relationships (a) $ 153.7 $ (52.0) $ 101.7 $ 146.2 $ (39.8) $ 106.4 Other (a) 5.7 (3.4) 2.3 5.3 (2.9) 2.4 Total definite-lived intangible assets 159.4 (55.4) 104.0 151.5 (42.7) 108.8 Indefinite-lived intangible assets: Trade names 99.9 — 99.9 96.9 — 96.9 Other 4.3 — 4.3 — — — Total indefinite-lived intangible assets 104.2 — 104.2 96.9 — 96.9 Total intangible assets $ 263.6 $ (55.4) $ 208.2 $ 248.4 $ (42.7) $ 205.7 (a) Average useful life of customer relationships and other definite-lived intangible assets are estimated to be approximately 12 years and 7 years, respectively. The average useful life across all definite-lived intangible assets is estimated to be approximately 12 years. The Company currently estimates that aggregate amortization expense will be approximately $13.7 million in 2023, $13.7 million in 2024, $13.7 million in 2025, $13.6 million in 2026, $12.7 million in 2027 and $36.6 million thereafter. Actual amounts of amortization may differ from estimated amounts due to additional intangible asset acquisitions, changes in foreign currency rates, measurement period adjustments for recent acquisitions, impairment of intangible assets and other events.

Debt

Debt	12 Months Ended
Debt	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	DEBT The following table summarizes the components of Long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations (in millions) 2022 2021 2019 Credit Agreement $ — $ 280.7 2022 Credit Agreement 361.0 — Finance lease obligations 2.0 2.1 Total long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations, including current portion 363.0 282.8 Less: Current maturities 0.8 — Less: Current finance lease obligations 0.7 0.6 Total long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations $ 361.5 $ 282.2 As more fully described within Note 18 – Fair Value Measurements, the Company uses a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The fair value of long-term debt is based on interest rates that we believe are currently available to us for issuance of debt with similar terms and remaining maturities (Level 2 input). The following table summarizes the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments: 2022 2021 (in millions) Notional Fair Notional Fair Long-term borrowings (a) $ 363.0 $ 363.0 $ 282.8 $ 282.8 (a) Long-term borrowings include current portions of long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations aggregating to $1.5 million and $0.6 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. On October 21, 2022, the Company entered into the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “2022 Credit Agreement”), by and among the Company and certain of its foreign subsidiaries (collectively, the “Borrowers”), Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, swingline lender and issuing lender, PNC Bank, National Association and Truist Bank as syndication agents, and the other lenders and parties signatory thereto. The 2022 Credit Agreement is a senior secured credit facility which provides the Borrowers access to an aggregate principal amount of $800 million, consisting of (i) a revolving credit facility in an amount up to $675 million (the “Revolver”) and (ii) a term loan facility in an amount up to $125 million. The Revolver provides for borrowings in the form of loans or letters of credit up to the aggregate availability under the facility, with a sub-limit of $100 million for letters of credit. Borrowings can be made in denominations of U.S. Dollars, Canadian Dollars, Euros or British Pounds (with borrowings in non-U.S. currencies subject to a sublimit of $300 million). In addition, the Company may expand its borrowing capacity under the 2022 Credit Agreement by up to the greater of (i) $400 million and (ii) 100% of Consolidated EBITDA for the applicable four-quarter period preceding such expansion notice, subject to the approval of the applicable lenders providing such additional borrowings in the form of increases to their revolving facility commitment, or funding of incremental term loans. Borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including acquisitions. The 2022 Credit Agreement matures on October 21, 2027. The Company’s material domestic subsidiaries provide guarantees for all obligations of the Borrowers under the 2022 Credit Agreement, which is secured by a first priority security interest in (i) all existing or hereafter acquired domestic property and assets of the Company and material domestic subsidiaries, (ii) the stock or other equity interests in each of the material domestic subsidiaries and (iii) 65% of outstanding voting capital stock of certain first-tier foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exclusions. Borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a base rate or an Adjusted Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), Adjusted Eurocurrency Rate or Adjusted Daily Simple SONIA Rate (as each is defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement), plus, in each case, an applicable margin. The applicable margin ranges from zero to 0.75% for base rate borrowings and 1.00% to 1.75% for Adjusted Term SOFR, Adjusted Eurocurrency Rate or Adjusted Daily Simple SONIA Rate borrowings. The Company must also pay a commitment fee to the lenders ranging between 0.10% to 0.25% per annum on the unused portion of the $675 million Revolver along with other standard fees. Applicable margin, issuance fees and other customary expenses are payable on outstanding letters of credit. The Company is subject to certain net leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio financial covenants under the 2022 Credit Agreement that are to be measured at each fiscal quarter-end. The 2022 Credit Agreement also includes certain “covenant holiday” periods, which allow for the temporary increase of the minimum net leverage ratio following the completion of a permitted acquisition, or a series of acquisitions, when the aggregate consideration over a period of twelve months exceeds $75 million. In addition, the 2022 Credit Agreement includes customary negative covenants, subject to certain exceptions, restricting or limiting the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things: (i) make non-ordinary course dispositions of assets; (ii) make certain fundamental business changes, such as mergers, consolidations or any similar combination; (iii) make restricted payments, including dividends and stock repurchases; (iv) incur indebtedness; (v) make certain loans and investments; (vi) create liens; (vii) transact with affiliates; (viii) enter into certain sale/leaseback transactions; (ix) make negative pledges; and (x) modify subordinated debt documents. Under the 2022 Credit Agreement, restricted payments, including dividends and stock repurchases, shall be permitted if (i) the Company’s leverage ratio is less than or equal to 3.25x; (ii) the Company is in compliance with all other financial covenants; and (iii) there are no existing defaults under the 2022 Credit Agreement. If its leverage ratio is more than 3.25x, the Company is still permitted to fund (1) up to $35 million of dividend payments and stock repurchases annually; and (2) additional incremental other cash payments up to the greater of $65 million or 5% of consolidated total assets for the term of the 2022 Credit Agreement. The 2022 Credit Agreement contains customary events of default. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the Borrowers may be required immediately to repay all amounts outstanding under the 2022 Credit Agreement and the commitments from the lenders may be terminated. The 2022 Credit Agreement amended and restated the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as amended, the In connection with entering into the 2022 Credit Agreement during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company wrote off $0.1 million of unamortized deferred financing fees associated with the 2019 Credit Agreement, and incurred $1.9 million of new debt issuance costs. The new fees have been deferred and are being amortized over the five-year term as a component of Interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of December 31, 2022, there was $361.0 million of cash drawn and $11.2 million of undrawn letters of credit under the 2022 Credit Agreement, with $427.8 million of net availability for borrowings. The following table summarizes the gross borrowings and gross payments under the Company’s revolving credit facilities: For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Gross borrowings $ 137.0 $ 214.0 $ 82.6 Gross payments 55.8 143.5 94.4 Aggregate maturities of total borrowings due amount to approximately $1.5 million in 2023, $4.6 million in 2024, $7.6 million in 2025, $10.2 million in 2026 and $339.1 million in 2027. The weighted average interest rate on long-term borrowings was 5.5% at December 31, 2022. The Company paid interest of $9.4 million in 2022, $3.9 million in 2021 and $5.4 million in 2020. Interest Rate Swap On October 2, 2019, the Company entered into an interest rate swap (the “2019 Swap”) with a notional amount of $75.0 million, as a means of fixing the floating interest rate component on $75.0 million of its variable-rate debt. In connection with entering into the 2022 Credit Agreement in October 2022, the Company terminated the 2019 Swap, receiving proceeds of $4.3 million upon settlement. The 2019 Swap was previously designated as a cash flow hedge. The settlement gain is being recognized ratably through the original termination date of July 30, 2024 as a component of Interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. On October 21, 2022, the Company entered into an interest rate swap (the “2022 Swap”) with a notional amount of $75.0 million, as a means of fixing the floating interest rate component on $75.0 million of its variable-rate debt. The 2022 Swap is designated as a cash flow hedge, with a maturity date of October 31, 2025. As a result of the application of hedge accounting treatment, all unrealized gains and losses related to the derivative instrument are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and are reclassified into operations in the same period in which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Hedge effectiveness is assessed quarterly. We do not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The fair value of the Company’s interest rate swaps is derived from a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the contract and the interest rate curve (Level 2 inputs) and measured on a recurring basis in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the fair value of the Swap was a liability of $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively, which was included in Other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, unrealized pre-tax gains of $4.1 million and $2.3 million, respectively, were recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, whereas during the year ended December 31, 2020, an unrealized pre-tax loss of $3.9 million was recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	INCOME TAXES The following table summarizes the income tax expense from continuing operations: For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Current tax expense: Federal $ 24.0 $ 14.7 $ 16.4 Foreign 4.1 5.0 1.4 State and local 6.6 4.0 5.1 Total current tax expense 34.7 23.7 22.9 Deferred tax (benefit) expense: Federal (3.5) 0.4 2.7 Foreign (0.1) 1.5 3.1 State and local (0.6) (8.6) (0.2) Total deferred tax (benefit) expense (4.2) (6.7) 5.6 Total income tax expense $ 30.5 $ 17.0 $ 28.5 The following table summarizes the differences between the statutory federal income tax rate and the effective income tax rate from continuing operations: For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Statutory federal income tax rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit 4.0 3.4 3.5 Valuation allowance (2.3) (2.9) 0.1 Remeasurement of deferred taxes (0.6) (2.8) — Tax reserves — 0.1 (0.1) Tax credits (0.3) (0.4) (0.3) Foreign tax rate effects 0.6 1.2 0.8 Excess tax benefits from stock compensation activity (1.6) (4.8) (2.9) Other, net (0.6) (0.3) 0.8 Effective income tax rate 20.2 % 14.5 % 22.9 % The following table summarizes income before income taxes from continuing operations: For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 U.S. $ 132.1 $ 94.8 $ 107.4 Non-U.S. 18.8 22.8 17.2 Income before income taxes $ 150.9 $ 117.6 $ 124.6 Summary The Company recognized income tax expense of $30.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $17.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in income tax expense in the current year was primarily due to higher earnings, a $3.2 million reduction in the amount of excess tax benefits from stock compensation activity compared to the prior year, and fewer discrete tax benefits than in the prior year. In the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized a $2.6 million tax benefit from the release of a valuation allowance that had previously been recorded against deferred tax assets associated with foreign tax credits in the U.S., which are now considered more-likely-than-not to be realized, primarily due to tax planning. The Company also recognized a $1.1 million tax benefit during the current year associated with the release of a valuation allowance in the U.K., as the associated deferred tax assets are now considered more-likely-than-not to be realized primarily due to increased projections of future taxable income. In the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized a $3.4 million tax benefit associated with the release of state valuation allowances and a $3.3 million tax benefit associated with the remeasurement of deferred taxes for changes in state tax apportionment, both of which primarily resulted from a change in tax status and other tax planning activities executed during the year. Including these items, the Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022 was 20.2%, compared to 14.5% in 2021. The Company recognized income tax expense of $17.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $28.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The reduction in income tax expense in 2021 was primarily due to the recognition of a $3.4 million tax benefit associated with the release of state valuation allowances and a $3.3 million tax benefit associated with the remeasurement of deferred taxes for changes in state tax apportionment, both of which primarily resulted from a change in tax status and other tax planning activities executed during the year, a $2.0 million increase in excess tax benefits from stock compensation activity and the effects of lower pre-tax earnings. Including these items, the Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2021 was 14.5%, compared to 22.9% in 2020. The Company paid income taxes of $26.9 million in 2022, $35.5 million in 2021 and $22.3 million in 2020. Deferred Taxes The following table summarizes deferred income tax assets and liabilities of the Company’s continuing operations: (in millions) 2022 2021 Deferred tax assets: Properties and equipment $ 3.5 $ 2.8 Accrued expenses 28.7 24.7 Stock-based compensation 3.5 3.3 Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards 18.0 19.4 Goodwill and intangibles 0.9 1.8 Pension benefits 14.8 15.1 Gross deferred tax assets 69.4 67.1 Valuation allowance (1.0) (5.1) Total deferred tax assets 68.4 62.0 Deferred tax liabilities: Properties and equipment (35.4) (31.2) Pension benefits (10.1) (9.2) Goodwill and intangibles (63.1) (64.4) Other (1.9) (1.9) Gross deferred tax liabilities (110.5) (106.7) Net deferred tax liabilities $ (42.1) $ (44.7) The deferred tax asset for net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards at December 31, 2022 includes state net operating loss carryforwards of $5.4 million and state income tax credits of $0.3 million, both of which will begin to expire in 2023, foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $9.7 million, which will begin to expire in 2025, and U.S. foreign tax credits of $2.6 million, which will begin to expire in 2023. As previously described within, the Company expects to utilize the U.S. foreign tax credits prior to expiration, primarily as a result of tax planning. The deferred tax asset for tax loss and tax credit carryforwards at December 31, 2021, included state net operating loss carryforwards of $6.5 million, state income tax credits of $0.3 million, foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $9.8 million, and U.S. foreign tax credits of $2.8 million. The $68.4 million of deferred tax assets at December 31, 2022, for which no valuation allowance is recorded, is anticipated to be realized through future taxable income or the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences recorded as deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2022. Should the Company determine that it is not more-likely-than-not to be able to realize its remaining deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be recorded in the period such determination is made. Generally, the Company has considered cash and cash equivalents held by subsidiaries outside the U.S. to be indefinitely reinvested in its foreign operations and the Company’s current plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate such cash to fund U.S. operations. As of December 31, 2022, the Company continues to assert that its undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries are indefinitely reinvested. It is not practicable to determine the income tax liability that would be payable if such earnings were not permanently reinvested. Valuation Allowances ASC 740 , Income Taxes , requires that the future realization of deferred tax assets depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income in future periods. Possible sources of taxable income include taxable income in carryback periods, the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences recorded as a deferred tax liability, tax-planning strategies that generate future income or gains in excess of anticipated losses in the carryforward period and projected future taxable income. If, based upon all available evidence, both positive and negative, it is more likely than not such deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded. Significant weight is given to positive and negative evidence that is objectively verifiable. A company’s three-year cumulative loss position is significant negative evidence in considering whether deferred tax assets are realizable and the accounting guidance restricts the amount of reliance the Company can place on projected taxable income to support the recovery of the deferred tax assets. We continually evaluate the need to maintain a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets based on our assessment of whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax benefits will be realized through the generation of future taxable income. Appropriate consideration is given to all available evidence, both positive and negative, in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the total valuation allowance recorded against the Company’s deferred tax assets decreased by $4.1 million, primarily due to the release of a valuation allowance that had previously been recorded against deferred tax assets associated with foreign tax credits in the U.S., and the release of a valuation allowance in the U.K. At December 31, 2022, the total valuation allowance recorded against the Company’s deferred tax assets was $1.0 million, comprised of a $0.7 million valuation allowance recorded against state net operating loss carryforwards and a $0.3 million valuation allowance recorded against other deferred tax assets. Unrecognized Tax Benefits The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Balance at January 1 $ 1.2 $ 1.2 $ 1.3 Increases as a result of tax positions taken in the current period — 0.1 — Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitations — (0.1) (0.1) Balance at December 31 $ 1.2 $ 1.2 $ 1.2 The Company’s accounting policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. At each of December 31, 2022 and 2021, accruals for interest and penalties amounting to $0.4 million, are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets but are not included in the table above. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties of $1.6 million and $1.6 million, respectively, were included within Other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At each of December 31, 2022 and 2021, unrecognized tax benefits of $0.1 million, were included as a component of Deferred tax liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. All of the unrecognized tax benefits of $1.2 million at each of December 31, 2022 and 2021, would impact our annual effective tax rate, if recognized. We do not expect any significant change to our unrecognized tax benefits as a result of potential expiration of statute of limitations or settlements with tax authorities within the next twelve months. Status of Tax Returns We file U.S., state and foreign income tax returns in jurisdictions with varying statutes of limitations. The 2019 through 2021 tax years generally remain subject to examination by federal tax authorities, whereas the 2018 through 2021 tax years generally remain subject to examination by most state tax authorities. In significant foreign jurisdictions, the tax years from 2018 through 2021 generally remain subject to examination by their respective tax authorities.

Pension and Other Post-Employme

Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans	12 Months Ended
Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans	Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Pensions	PENSION AND OTHER POST-EMPLOYMENT PLANS Defined Benefit Pension Plans The Company and its subsidiaries sponsor two defined benefit pension plans covering certain salaried and hourly employees. These plans have been closed to new participants for a number of years. Benefits under these plans are primarily based on final average compensation and years of service as defined within the provisions of the individual plans. As a result of plan amendments, the latest of which was in 2008, the only new benefits that were being accrued through the end of 2016 were salary increases for a limited group of participants. Those benefits ceased at the end of 2016, at which point all existing plans became fully frozen. On November 5, 2021, the Company purchased a group annuity contract from an insurance company, under which approximately $25 million of the projected benefit obligation of the U.S. benefit plan was transferred to the insurance company. In this transaction, the insurance company assumed responsibility for pension benefits and administration for approximately 800 retirees or their beneficiaries. The transaction was funded on November 15, 2021 with existing assets of the U.S. benefit plan. As a result, the Company recognized a pension settlement charge of $10.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2021. The following table summarizes net periodic pension (benefit) expense for the U.S. and non-U.S. benefit plans: U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan For the Years Ended December 31, For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Company-sponsored plans: Service cost $ — $ — $ — $ 0.1 $ 0.2 $ 0.2 Interest cost 4.4 4.9 5.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 Expected return on plan assets (6.9) (9.6) (9.2) (2.0) (2.0) (1.9) Amortization of prior service costs — — — 0.1 0.2 0.1 Amortization of actuarial losses 2.3 3.9 3.2 0.6 0.8 0.5 Settlement charges — 10.3 — — — — Net periodic pension (benefit) expense $ (0.2) $ 9.5 $ (0.2) $ (0.3) $ (0.1) $ (0.1) The items that comprise Net periodic pension (benefit) expense, other than service cost and settlement charges, are included as a component of Other (income) expense, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used in determining pension costs: U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan For the Years Ended December 31, For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Discount rate 3.1 % 2.8 % 3.5 % 1.8 % 1.3 % 2.0 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 6.1 % 7.4 % 7.4 % 4.0 % 3.5 % 3.6 % The following table summarizes the changes in the projected benefit obligation and plan assets: U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Benefit obligation, beginning of year $ 142.0 $ 180.2 $ 52.8 $ 57.6 Service cost — — 0.1 0.2 Interest cost 4.4 4.9 0.9 0.7 Actuarial loss (29.0) (8.4) (13.4) (1.8) Benefits and expenses paid (8.4) (9.3) (2.6) (3.4) Settlement payments — (25.4) — — Foreign currency translation — — (5.4) (0.5) Benefit obligation, end of year $ 109.0 $ 142.0 $ 32.4 $ 52.8 Accumulated benefit obligation, end of year $ 109.0 $ 142.0 $ 32.4 $ 52.8 The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used in determining benefit obligations: U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan 2022 2021 2022 2021 Discount rate 5.7 % 3.1 % 4.8 % 1.8 % The following summarizes the changes in the fair value of plan assets: U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year $ 120.2 $ 142.5 $ 56.5 $ 57.4 Actual (loss) return on plan assets (a) (24.8) 10.5 (14.2) 1.9 Company contribution — 1.9 0.9 1.2 Benefits and expenses paid (8.4) (9.3) (2.6) (3.4) Settlement payments — (25.4) — — Foreign currency translation — — (5.8) (0.6) Fair value of plan assets, end of year $ 87.0 $ 120.2 $ 34.8 $ 56.5 (a) Actual (loss) return on plan assets of the U.S. benefit plan for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, was net of fees, commissions and other expenses paid from plan assets of $1.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively. As more fully described within Note 18 – Fair Value Measurements, the Company uses a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value for the U.S. benefit plan: • Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of cash on deposit and a money market fund, that invests principally in short-term instruments. The money-market fund is valued at the net asset value (“NAV”) of the shares in the fund. • Equity investments represent domestic and foreign securities, including common stock, which are publicly traded on active exchanges and are valued based on quoted market prices. Certain equity securities, which are valued using a model that takes the underlying security’s “ best ” price, divides it by the applicable exchange rate and multiplies the result by a depository receipt factor, are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. • Fixed income investments include corporate bonds, asset-backed securities and treasury bonds. Corporate bonds are valued using pricing models that include bids provided by brokers or dealers, benchmark yields, base spreads and reported trades. Asset-backed securities are valued using models with readily observable data as inputs. Treasury bonds are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets. Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value for the non-U.S. benefit plan: • Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of cash on deposit and a money market fund, that invests principally in short-term instruments. The money-market fund is valued at the NAV of the shares in the fund. • Diversified investment funds and insurance-linked securities are valued based on a daily NAV per share measured by the fund sponsor and used as the basis for current transactions. • Fixed income investments include corporate bonds and asset-backed securities. Corporate bonds are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets or other readily observable market data. Asset-backed securities are valued using models with readily observable data as inputs. The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date. The following summarizes the Company’s pension assets in a three-tier fair value hierarchy for its benefit plans: U. S. Benefit Plan 2022 2021 (in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents $ 4.1 $ — $ — $ 4.1 $ 3.6 $ — $ — $ 3.6 Equity investments: U.S. Large Cap 10.8 0.1 — 10.9 14.2 0.1 — 14.3 U.S. Small and Mid Cap 13.6 — — 13.6 17.5 — — 17.5 Developed international 4.8 0.7 — 5.5 7.0 3.1 — 10.1 Emerging markets 2.0 0.9 — 2.9 2.6 1.3 — 3.9 Fixed income investments: Government securities 2.9 — — 2.9 3.8 — — 3.8 Asset-backed securities — 0.2 — 0.2 — 0.3 — 0.3 Corporate bonds — 46.4 — 46.4 — 66.2 — 66.2 Total assets at fair value (a) $ 38.2 $ 48.3 $ — $ 86.5 $ 48.7 $ 71.0 $ — $ 119.7 (a) Total assets at fair value in the table above exclude a net receivable of $0.5 million and $0.5 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Non-U. S. Benefit Plan 2022 2021 (in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents $ 0.9 $ 6.5 $ — $ 7.4 $ 0.8 $ 4.6 $ — $ 5.4 Diversified investment funds (a) — 15.3 — 15.3 — 23.3 — 23.3 Fixed income investments: Asset-backed securities — 4.0 — 4.0 — 18.1 — 18.1 Corporate bonds — 4.1 — 4.1 — 5.1 — 5.1 Other investments: Insurance-linked securities — — 4.0 4.0 — — 4.6 4.6 Total assets at fair value $ 0.9 $ 29.9 $ 4.0 $ 34.8 $ 0.8 $ 51.1 $ 4.6 $ 56.5 (a) These funds primarily invest in a diversified portfolio of equity securities and fixed income securities. The Company maintains a structured investment strategy for its U.S. and non-U.S. benefit plans, which are designed to achieve certain target asset allocations depending on the plans’ relative funded status. As of December 31, 2022, the target asset allocations for the U.S. benefit plan are (i) between 54% and 69% in fixed income investments, (ii) between 29% and 44% in equity investments and (iii) between 0% and 20% in cash and cash equivalents. Plan assets for the non-U.S. benefit plan consist principally of a portfolio of diversified investment funds, corporate bonds and insurance-linked securities. As of December 31, 2022, the target asset allocations for the non-U.S. benefit plan assets are generally between 65% and 75% in fixed income investments and cash and cash equivalents, and between 25% and 35% in equity investments. The following summarizes the funded status of the Company’s benefit plans: U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Fair value of plan assets, end of year $ 87.0 $ 120.2 $ 34.8 $ 56.5 Benefit obligation, end of year 109.0 142.0 32.4 52.8 Funded status, end of year $ (22.0) $ (21.8) $ 2.4 $ 3.7 The following summarizes the amounts recognized within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets: U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Amounts recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets include: Deferred charges and other long-term assets $ — $ — $ 2.4 $ 3.7 Long-term pension and other post-retirement benefit liabilities (22.0) (21.8) — — Net (liability) asset recorded $ (22.0) $ (21.8) $ 2.4 $ 3.7 Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss include: Actuarial losses $ 58.1 $ 57.7 $ 17.3 $ 16.9 Prior service costs — — 2.0 2.4 Net amount recognized, pre-tax $ 58.1 $ 57.7 $ 19.3 $ 19.3 As the Company’s benefit plans are fully frozen, all plan participants are now considered to be inactive. As a result, the associated actuarial losses and prior service costs that are included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss are being amortized into net periodic benefit cost over the remaining average life expectancy of plan participants. The Company expects $2.2 million of the actuarial losses and $0.1 million of the prior service costs to be amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost in 2023. The Company currently expects to contribute up to $1.4 million to the U.S. benefit plan and up to $0.9 million to the non-U.S. benefit plan in 2023. Future contributions to the plans will be based on such factors as annual service cost, the financial return on plan assets, interest rate movements that affect discount rates applied to plan liabilities and the value of benefit payments made. The following summarizes the benefits expected to be paid under the Company’s benefit plans in each of the next five years, and in aggregate for the five years thereafter: (in millions) U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan 2023 $ 8.2 $ 2.6 2024 8.4 2.5 2025 8.7 2.6 2026 8.7 2.4 2027 8.8 2.4 2028-2032 43.1 11.6 Defined Contribution Retirement Plan The Company also sponsors a defined contribution retirement plan (the “401(k) plan”) covering a majority of its employees. Participation is via automatic enrollment and employees may elect to opt out of the 401(k) plan. Company contributions to the 401(k) plan are based on an employee’s years of service, as well as the percentage of employee contributions. The Company’s cost of the 401(k) plan was $9.9 million in 2022, $8.9 million in 2021 and $7.7 million in 2020. Deferred Compensation Plan The Company also provides a deferred compensation plan to certain employees. The deferred compensation plan is a non-qualified, unfunded defined contribution plan, which provides participants with benefits that would have been provided under the 401(k) plan, but could not be provided due to compensation limits for qualified plans under the Internal Revenue Code. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, deferred compensation liabilities of $15.3 million and $16.8 million, respectively, were included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, primarily within Long-term pension and other post-retirement benefit liabilities. Multi-Employer Pension Plan During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company withdrew from the IAM National Pension Fund, a multi-employer pension plan that provided defined benefits to employees under a U.S. collective bargaining agreement. As a result, the Company incurred a $0.3 million withdrawal charge, which was recognized as a component of Other (income) expense, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The withdrawal liability was settled in full during the year ended December 31, 2021. Following this withdrawal, the Company no longer participates in any multi-employer pension plans. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company withdrew from the Sheet Metal Workers’ National Pension Fund, a multi-employer pension plan that provided defined benefits to employees under a U.S. collective bargaining agreement. As a result, the Company incurred a $2.3 million withdrawal charge, which was recognized as a component of Other (income) expense, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The withdrawal liability was settled in full during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Financial Commitments The Company provides indemnifications and other guarantees in the ordinary course of business, the terms of which range in duration and often are not explicitly defined. Specifically, the Company is occasionally required to provide letters of credit and bid and performance bonds to various customers, principally to act as security for retention levels related to casualty insurance policies and to guarantee the performance of subsidiaries that engage in export and domestic transactions. At December 31, 2022, the Company had outstanding performance and financial standby letters of credit, as well as outstanding bid and performance bonds, aggregating to $35.0 million. If any such letters of credit or bonds are called, the Company would be obligated to reimburse the issuer of the letter of credit or bond. The Company believes the likelihood of any currently outstanding letter of credit or bond being called is remote. The Company has transactions involving the sale of equipment to certain of its customers which include (i) guarantees to repurchase the equipment for a fixed price at a future date and (ii) guarantees to repurchase the equipment from the third-party lender in the event of default by the customer. As of December 31, 2022, both the single year and maximum potential cash payments the Company could be required to make to repurchase equipment under these agreements amounted to $2.0 million. The Company’s risk under these repurchase arrangements would be partially mitigated by the value of the products repurchased as part of the transaction. Historical cash requirements and losses associated with these obligations have not been significant, but could increase if customer defaults exceed current expectations. The Company has certain lease agreements for facilities owned by affiliates which include provisions requiring the Company to guarantee any remaining lease payments in the event of default. As of December 31, 2022, the total amount of future payments guaranteed under these agreements was approximately $1.2 million. The Company believes the likelihood of defaulting on these leases is remote. Product Warranties The Company issues product performance warranties to customers with the sale of its products. The specific terms and conditions of these warranties vary depending upon the product sold and country in which the Company does business, with warranty periods generally ranging from one The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s warranty liabilities: (in millions) 2022 2021 Balance at January 1 $ 9.7 $ 10.2 Provisions to expense 6.8 6.9 Acquisitions — 0.4 Payments (7.2) (7.7) Foreign currency translation — (0.1) Balance at December 31 $ 9.3 $ 9.7

Legal Proceedings

Legal Proceedings	12 Months Ended
Legal Proceedings	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Legal Proceedings	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS The Company is subject to various claims, including pending and possible legal actions for product liability and other damages, and other matters arising in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews uninsured material legal claims against the Company and accrues for the costs of such claims as appropriate in the exercise of management’s best judgment and experience. However, due to a lack of factual information available to the Company about a claim, or the procedural stage of a claim, it may not be possible for the Company to reasonably assess either the probability of a favorable or unfavorable outcome of the claim or to reasonably estimate the amount of loss should there be an unfavorable outcome. Therefore, for many claims, the Company cannot reasonably estimate a range of loss. The Company believes, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that the outcome of such claims and actions will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition. However, in the event of unexpected future developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of such matters, if unfavorable, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flow. Hearing Loss Litigation The Company has been sued for monetary damages by firefighters who claim that exposure to the Company’s sirens has impaired their hearing and that the sirens are therefore defective. There were 33 cases filed during the period of 1999 through 2004, involving a total of 2,443 plaintiffs, in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois. These cases involved more than 1,800 firefighter plaintiffs from locations outside of Chicago. In 2009, six additional cases were filed in Cook County, involving 299 Pennsylvania firefighter plaintiffs. During 2013, another case was filed in Cook County involving 74 Pennsylvania firefighter plaintiffs. The trial of the first 27 of these plaintiffs’ claims occurred in 2008, whereby a Cook County jury returned a unanimous verdict in favor of the Company. An additional 40 Chicago firefighter plaintiffs were selected for trial in 2009. Plaintiffs’ counsel later moved to reduce the number of plaintiffs from 40 to nine. The trial for these nine plaintiffs concluded with a verdict against the Company and for the plaintiffs in varying amounts totaling $0.4 million. The Company appealed this verdict. On September 13, 2012, the Illinois Appellate Court rejected this appeal. The Company thereafter filed a petition for rehearing with the Illinois Appellate Court, which was denied on February 7, 2013. The Company sought further review by filing a petition for leave to appeal with the Illinois Supreme Court on March 14, 2013. On May 29, 2013, the Illinois Supreme Court issued a summary order declining to accept review of this case. On July 1, 2013, the Company satisfied the judgments entered for these plaintiffs, which resulted in final dismissal of these cases. A third consolidated trial involving eight Chicago firefighter plaintiffs occurred during November 2011. The jury returned a unanimous verdict in favor of the Company at the conclusion of this trial. Following this trial, on March 12, 2012 the trial court entered an order certifying a class of the remaining Chicago Fire Department firefighter plaintiffs for trial on the sole issue of whether the Company’s sirens were defective and unreasonably dangerous. The Company petitioned the Illinois Appellate Court for interlocutory appeal of this ruling. On May 17, 2012, the Illinois Appellate Court accepted the Company’s petition. On June 8, 2012, plaintiffs moved to dismiss the appeal, agreeing with the Company that the trial court had erred in certifying a class action trial in this matter. Pursuant to plaintiffs’ motion, the Illinois Appellate Court reversed the trial court’s certification order. Thereafter, the trial court scheduled a fourth consolidated trial involving three firefighter plaintiffs, which began in December-2012. Prior to the start of this trial, the claims of two of the three firefighter plaintiffs were dismissed. On December 17, 2012, the jury entered a complete defense verdict for the Company. Following this defense verdict, plaintiffs again moved to certify a class of Chicago Fire Department plaintiffs for trial on the sole issue of whether the Company’s sirens were defective and unreasonably dangerous. Over the Company’s objection, the trial court granted plaintiffs’ motion for class certification on March 11, 2013 and scheduled a class action trial to begin on June 10, 2013. The Company filed a petition for review with the Illinois Appellate Court on March 29, 2013 seeking reversal of the class certification order. On June 25, 2014, a unanimous three-judge panel of the First District Illinois Appellate Court issued its opinion reversing the class certification order of the trial court. Specifically, the Appellate Court determined that the trial court’s ruling failed to satisfy the class-action requirements that the common issues of the firefighters’ claims predominate over the individual issues and that there is an adequate representative for the class. During a status hearing on October 8, 2014, plaintiffs represented to the Court that they would again seek to certify a class of firefighters on the issue of whether the Company’s sirens were defective and unreasonably dangerous. On January 12, 2015, plaintiffs filed motions to amend their complaints to add class action allegations with respect to Chicago firefighter plaintiffs, as well as the approximately 1,800 firefighter plaintiffs from locations outside of Chicago. On March 11, 2015, the trial court granted plaintiffs’ motions to amend their complaints. On April 24, 2015, the cases were transferred to Cook County chancery court to decide the class certification issues. On March 23, 2018, plaintiffs filed a motion to certify as a class all firefighters from the Chicago Fire Department who have filed lawsuits in this matter. The Company objected to certification and the parties engaged in discovery and other matters related to this motion. Thereafter, on December 20, 2021, the parties executed a settlement agreement to resolve claims of approximately 462 firefighters still involved in the Cook County litigation, as well as the DuPage County litigation discussed below. Under the terms of the settlement agreement, the Company agreed to pay a lump sum of $0.2 million to resolve the claims of these firefighters. The estimated settlement amount was accrued by the Company. The Company agreed to pay this lump sum amount based upon its assessment of firefighters who meet minimal bilateral hearing loss standards, which is a subset of the larger group referenced above. The settlement agreement did not require the payment of any attorney fees by the Company. The settlement agreement also provided that plaintiffs’ attorney would withdraw from representing firefighters who do not agree to the settlement. The Company had discretion to void the settlement agreement if less than 93% of these firefighters agreed to settle their claims; the settlement agreement would also be voided if less than 70% of eligible firefighters agreed to the settlement. The settlement agreement was subject to review and approval by the Court. In July 2022, the Company issued the $0.2 million settlement payment for eligible plaintiffs who submitted a release. The claims of all other eligible plaintiffs were dismissed for want of prosecution on August 5, 2022. The Company also filed motions to dismiss cases involving firefighters who worked for fire departments located outside of the State of Illinois based on improper venue. On February 24, 2017, the Circuit Court of Cook County entered orders dismissing the cases of 1,770 such firefighter plaintiffs from the jurisdiction of the State of Illinois. Pursuant to these orders, these plaintiffs had six months thereafter to refile their cases in jurisdictions where these firefighters are located. Prior to this six-month deadline, attorneys representing some of these plaintiffs contacted the Company regarding possible settlement of their cases. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered into a global settlement agreement with two attorneys who represented approximately 1,090 of these plaintiffs. Under the terms of the settlement agreement, the Company offered $700 per plaintiff to settle these cases and 717 plaintiffs accepted this offer as a final settlement. The settlement agreement did not require the payment of any attorney fees by the Company. The attorneys representing these plaintiffs agreed to withdraw from representing plaintiffs who did not respond to the settlement offer. It is the Company’s position that the non-settling plaintiffs who failed to timely refile their cases following the February 2017 dismissal by the Circuit Court of Cook County are now barred from doing so by the statute of limitations. The Company filed a venue motion seeking to transfer to DuPage County cases involving 10 plaintiffs who reside and work in Illinois but outside of Cook County. The Court granted this motion on June 28, 2017. The Company was also sued on this issue outside of the Cook County, Illinois venue. Between 2007 and 2009, a total of 71 lawsuits involving 71 plaintiffs were filed in the Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania. Three of these cases were dismissed pursuant to pretrial motions filed by the Company. Another case was voluntarily dismissed. Prior to trial in four cases, the Company paid nominal sums to obtain dismissals. Three trials occurred in Philadelphia involving these cases filed in 2007 through 2009. The first trial involving one of these plaintiffs occurred in 2010, when the jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff. The jury found that the Company’s siren was not defectively designed, but that the Company negligently constructed the siren. The jury awarded damages in the amount of less than $0.1 million. The Company appealed this verdict. Another trial, involving nine Philadelphia firefighter plaintiffs, also occurred in 2010 when the jury returned a defense verdict for the Company as to all claims and all plaintiffs involved in that trial. The third trial, also involving nine Philadelphia firefighter plaintiffs, was completed during 2010 when the jury returned a defense verdict for the Company as to all claims and all plaintiffs involved in that trial. Following defense verdicts in the last two Philadelphia trials, the Company negotiated settlements with respect to all remaining filed cases in Philadelphia at that time, as well as other firefighter claimants represented by the attorney who filed the Philadelphia cases. On January 4, 2011, the Company entered into a Global Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with the law firm of the attorney representing the Philadelphia claimants, on behalf of 1,125 claimants the firm represented (the “Claimants”) and who had asserted product claims against the Company (the “Claims”). Three hundred eight of the Claimants had lawsuits pending against the Company in Cook County, Illinois. The Settlement Agreement provided that the Company pay a total amount of $3.8 million (the “Settlement Payment”) to settle the Claims (including the costs, fees and other expenses of the law firm in connection with its representation of the Claimants), subject to certain terms, conditions and procedures set forth in the Settlement Agreement. In order for the Company to be required to make the Settlement Payment: (i) each Claimant who agreed to settle his or her claims had to sign a release acceptable to the Company (a “Release”), (ii) each Claimant who agreed to the settlement and who was a plaintiff in a lawsuit, had to dismiss his or her lawsuit with prejudice, (iii) by April 29, 2011, at least 93% of the Claimants identified in the Settlement Agreement must have agreed to settle their claims and provide a signed Release to the Company and (iv) the law firm had to withdraw from representing any Claimants who did not agree to the settlement, including those who filed lawsuits. If the conditions to the settlement were met, but less than 100% of the Claimants agreed to settle their Claims and sign a Release, the Settlement Payment would be reduced by the percentage of Claimants who did not agree to the settlement. On April 22, 2011, the Company confirmed that the terms and conditions of the Settlement Agreement had been met and made a payment of $3.6 million to conclude the settlement. The amount was based upon the Company’s receipt of 1,069 signed releases provided by Claimants, which was 95% of all Claimants identified in the Settlement Agreement. The Company generally denies the allegations made in the claims and lawsuits by the Claimants and denies that its products caused any injuries to the Claimants. Nonetheless, the Company entered into the Settlement Agreement for the purpose of minimizing its expenses, including legal fees, and avoiding the inconvenience, uncertainty and distraction of the claims and lawsuits. During April through October 2012, 20 new cases were filed in the Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania. These cases were filed on behalf of 20 Philadelphia firefighters and involved various defendants in addition to the Company. Five of these cases were subsequently dismissed. The first trial involving these 2012 Philadelphia cases occurred during December 2014 and involved three firefighter plaintiffs. The jury returned a verdict in favor of the Company. Following this trial, all of the parties agreed to settle cases involving seven firefighter plaintiffs set for trial during January 2015 for nominal amounts per plaintiff. In January 2015, plaintiffs’ attorneys filed two new complaints in the Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on behalf of approximately 70 additional firefighter plaintiffs. The vast majority of the firefighters identified in these complaints were located outside of Pennsylvania. One of the complaints in these cases, which involved 11 firefighter plaintiffs from the District of Columbia, was removed to federal court in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed all claims in this case on May 31, 2016. The Company thereafter moved to recover various fees and costs in this case, asserting that plaintiffs’ counsel failed to properly investigate these claims prior to filing suit. The Court granted this motion on April 25, 2017, awarding $0.1 million to the Company (the “Order”). After plaintiffs appealed this Order, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit affirmed the lower court decision awarding fees and costs to the Company. With respect to claims of other out-of-state firefighters involved in these two cases, the Company moved to dismiss these claims as improperly filed in Pennsylvania. The Court granted this motion and dismissed these claims on November 5, 2015. During August through December 2015, another nine new cases were filed in the Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania. These cases involved a total of 193 firefighters, most of whom were located outside of Pennsylvania. The Company again moved to dismiss all claims filed by out-of-state firefighters in these cases as improperly filed in Pennsylvania. On May 24, 2016, the Court granted this motion and dismissed these claims. Plaintiffs appealed this decision and, on September 25, 2018, the appellate court reversed this dismissal. The Company then filed a petition with the appellate court requesting that the court reconsider its ruling. On December 7, 2018, the appellate court granted the Company’s petition and withdrew its prior decision. On June 25, 2020, the Court issued a decision affirming the trial court’s dismissal of these cases with prejudice. On May 13, 2016, four new cases were filed in Philadelphia state court, involving a total of 55 Philadelphia firefighters who live in Pennsylvania. During August 2016, the Company settled a case for nominal amounts involving four Philadelphia firefighters that had been set for trial in Philadelphia state court during September 2016. During 2017, plaintiffs filed additional cases in the Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, involving over 100 Philadelphia firefighter plaintiffs. During January 2017, plaintiffs filed a motion to consolidate and bifurcate, similar to a motion filed in the Pittsburgh hearing loss cases, as described below. The Company filed an opposition to this motion. These cases were then transferred to the mass tort program in Philadelphia for pretrial purposes. Plaintiffs’ counsel thereafter dismissed several plaintiffs. During November 2017, a trial involving one Philadelphia firefighter occurred. The jury returned a verdict in favor of the Company in this trial. Prior to a dismissal of these cases pursuant to the Tolling Agreement, discussed below, there was a total of 75 firefighters involved in cases pending in the Philadelphia mass tort program. During March 2014, an action also was brought in the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County, Pennsylvania on behalf of 61 firefighters. This case likewise involves various defendants in addition to the Company. After the Company filed pretrial motions, 33 Erie County firefighter plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed their claims. Prior to a dismissal of these cases pursuant to the Tolling Agreement, discussed below, there was a total of 28 firefighters involved in cases filed in Erie County. During August 2017, five cases involving 70 firefighter plaintiffs were filed in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania. These cases involve firefighter plaintiffs who originally filed in Cook County several years ago and were dismissed pursuant to the Company’s forum non conveniens motion. On September 17, 2014, 20 lawsuits, involving a total of 193 Buffalo Fire Department firefighters, were filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, Erie County. All of the cases filed in Erie County, New York were removed to federal court in the Western District of New York. Plaintiffs filed a motion to consolidate and bifurcate these cases, similar to the motion filed in the Pittsburgh hearing loss cases, as described below. The Company filed an opposition to the motion. During February 2015, a lawsuit involving one New York City firefighter plaintiff was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County. The plaintiff named the Company as well as several other parties as defendants. That case subsequently was transferred to federal court in the Northern District of New York and thereafter dismissed. During April 2015 through January 2016, 29 new cases involving a total of 235 firefighters were filed in various counties in the New York City area. During December 2016 through October 2017, additional cases were filed in these jurisdictions. On February 5, 2018, the Company was served with a complaint in an additional case filed in Kings County, New York. This case involved one plaintiff. Prior to a dismissal of these cases pursuant to the Tolling Agreement, discussed below, there was a total of 536 firefighters involved in cases filed in the State of New York. During November 2015, the Company was served with a complaint filed in Union County, New Jersey state court, involving 34 New Jersey firefighters. This case was transferred to federal court in the District of New Jersey. During the period from January through May 2016, eight additional cases were filed in various New Jersey state courts. Most of the firefighters in these cases resided in New Jersey and worked at New Jersey fire departments. During December 2016, a case involving one New Jersey firefighter was filed in the United States District Court of New Jersey. On May 2, 2017, plaintiffs filed a motion to consolidate and bifurcate in the pending federal court case in New Jersey. This motion was similar to bifurcation motions filed by plaintiffs in Pittsburgh, Buffalo and Philadelphia. The Court denied the motion as premature. Pursuant to a petition filed by both parties, all New Jersey state court cases were consolidated for pretrial purposes. Prior to a dismissal of these cases pursuant to the Tolling Agreement, discussed below, there were a total of 61 firefighters involved in cases filed in New Jersey. During May through October 2016, nine cases were filed in Suffolk County, Massachusetts state court, naming the Company as a defendant. These cases involved 194 firefighters who lived and worked in the Boston area. During August 2017, plaintiffs filed additional cases in Suffolk County court. The Company moved to transfer various cases filed in Suffolk County to other counties in Massachusetts where plaintiffs resided and worked. Prior to a dismissal of these cases pursuant to the Tolling Agreement, discussed below, there was a total of 218 firefighters involved in cases filed in Massachusetts. During August and September 2017, plaintiffs’ attorneys filed additional hearing loss cases in Florida. The Company was the only named defendant. These cases were filed in several different counties in Florida, including Tampa, Miami and Orlando municipalities. Prior to a dismissal of these cases pursuant to the Tolling Agreement, discussed below, there was a total of 166 firefighters involved in cases filed in Florida. During April through July 2013, additional cases were filed in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania on behalf of 247 plaintiff firefighters from Pittsburgh and against various defendants, including the Company. During May 2016, two additional cases were filed against the Company in Allegheny County involving 19 Pittsburgh firefighters. After the Company filed pretrial motions, the Court dismissed claims of 55 Pittsburgh firefighter plaintiffs. The Court scheduled trials for May, September and November 2016, for eight firefighters per trial. Prior to the first scheduled trial in Pittsburgh, the Court granted the Company’s motion for summary judgment and dismissed all claims asserted by plaintiff firefighters involved in this trial. Following an appeal by the plaintiff firefighters, the appellate court affirmed this dismissal. The next trial for six Pittsburgh firefighters started on November 7, 2016. Shortly after this trial began, plaintiffs’ counsel moved for a mistrial because a key witness suddenly became unavailable. The Court granted this motion and rescheduled this trial for March 6, 2017. During January 2017, plaintiffs also moved to consolidate and bifurcate trials involving Pittsburgh firefighters. In particular, plaintiffs sought one trial involving liability issues to apply to all Pittsburgh firefighters who filed suit against the Company. The Company filed an opposition to this motion. On April 18, 2017, the trial court granted plaintiffs’ motion to bifurcate the next Pittsburgh trial. Pursuant to a motion for clarification filed by the Company, the Court ruled that the bifurcation order would only apply to six plaintiffs who were part of the next trial group in Pittsburgh. The Company thereafter sought an interlocutory appeal of the Court’s bifurcation order. The appellate court declined to accept the appeal at that time. A bifurcated trial began on September 27, 2017 in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Prior to and during trial, two plaintiffs were dismissed, resulting in four plaintiffs remaining for trial. After approximately two weeks of trial, the jury found that the Company’s siren product was not defective or unreasonably dangerous and rendered a verdict in favor of the Company. A second trial involving Pittsburgh firefighters began during January 2018. At the outset of this trial, plaintiffs’ attorneys, who represent all firefighters who have filed cases in Allegheny County, Philadelphia, Buffalo, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Florida, as described above, requested that the Company consider settlement of various cases. This trial was continued to allow the parties to further discuss possible settlement. During March 2018, the parties agreed in principle on a framework (the “Settlement Framework”) to resolve hearing loss claims and cases in all jurisdictions involved in the hearing loss litigation except in Cook County and Lackawanna County, and excluding one case involving one firefighter in New York City. The firefighters excluded from the Settlement Framework are represented by different attorneys. The Company settled the cases in Lackawanna County and settled the case involving one firefighter in New York City for nominal amounts. Pursuant to the Settlement Framework, the Company would pay $700 to each firefighter who filed a lawsuit and is eligible to be part of the settlement. The Company would pay $300 to each firefighter who has not yet filed a case and is eligible to be part of the settlement. The settlement agreement does not include the payment of any attorney fees by the Company. To be eligible for settlement, among other things, firefighters must provide proof that they have high frequency noise-induced hearing loss. There are approximately 2,160 firefighters whose claims may be considered as part of this settlement, including approximately 921 firefighters who have ongoing filed lawsuits. This Settlement Framework was finalized in a global settlement agreement executed on November 4, 2019. Pursuant to this global settlement agreement, the parties are now in the process of determining how many of the approximately 2,160 firefighters will be eligible to participate in the settlement. In order to minimize the parties’ respective legal costs and expenses during this settlement process, on July 5, 2018, the parties entered into a tolling agreement (the “Tolling Agreement”). Pursuant to the Tolling Agreement, counsel for the settling firefighters agreed to dismiss the pending lawsuits in all jurisdictions except for the Allegheny County (Pittsburgh), Pennsylvania cases, and the Company agreed to a tolling of any statute of limitations applicable to the dismissed cases. The Tolling Agreement continued in place until the parties executed the global settlement agreement on November 4, 2019. After execution of the global settlement agreement, the Allegheny County (Pittsburgh) cases were dismissed. The global settlement agreement requires plaintiffs’ attorneys to withdraw from representing firefighters who elect not to participate in this settlement. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has recognized an estimated liability for the potential settlement amount under the Settlement Framework. While it is reasonably possible that the ultimate resolution of this matter may result in a loss in excess of the amount accrued, the incremental loss is not expected to be material.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share	12 Months Ended
Earnings Per Share	Dec. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings Per Share	EARNINGS PER SHARE The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share , which requires that non-vested restricted stock containing non-forfeitable dividend rights should be treated as participating securities pursuant to the two-class method. Under the two-class method, net income is reduced by the amount of dividends declared in the period for common stock and participating securities. The remaining undistributed earnings are then allocated to common stock and participating securities as if all of the net income for the period had been distributed. The amounts of distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were insignificant and did not materially impact the calculation of basic or diluted EPS. Basic EPS is computed by dividing income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the year. Diluted EPS is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock and non-vested restricted stock awards outstanding for the year, plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the year. The dilutive effect of common stock equivalents is determined using the more dilutive of the two-class method or alternative methods. We use the treasury stock method to determine the potentially dilutive impact of our employee stock options and restricted stock units, and the contingently issuable method for our performance-based restricted stock unit awards. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, options to purchase 0.3 million, 0.2 million and 0.5 million shares of the Company’s common stock, respectively, had an anti-dilutive effect on EPS, and accordingly, are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS. The following table reconciles net income to basic and diluted EPS: For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions, except per share data) 2022 2021 2020 Income from continuing operations $ 120.4 $ 100.6 $ 96.1 Gain from discontinued operations and disposal, net of tax — — 0.1 Net income $ 120.4 $ 100.6 $ 96.2 Weighted average shares outstanding — Basic 60.5 60.8 60.3 Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents 0.7 1.1 1.4 Weighted average shares outstanding — Diluted 61.2 61.9 61.7 Basic earnings per share: Earnings from continuing operations $ 1.99 $ 1.65 $ 1.59 Earnings from discontinued operations and disposal, net of tax — — 0.00 Net earnings per share $ 1.99 $ 1.65 $ 1.59 Diluted earnings per share: Earnings from continuing operations $ 1.97 $ 1.63 $ 1.56 Earnings from discontinued operations and disposal, net of tax — — 0.00 Net earnings per share $ 1.97 $ 1.63 $ 1.56

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation	12 Months Ended
Stock-Based Compensation	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-Based Compensation	STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION The Company’s stock compensation plan, approved by the Company’s stockholders and administered by the Compensation and Benefits Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “CBC”), provides for the grant of incentive stock options, restricted stock and other stock-based awards or units to key employees and directors. The plan, as amended, authorizes the grant of up to 11.0 million shares or units through April 2030. At December 31, 2022, approximately 5.2 million shares were available for future issuance under the plan. The total compensation expense related to all grants awarded under the plan was $10.2 million, $7.6 million and $8.4 million, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The related income tax benefits recognized in earnings were $1.9 million, $1.5 million and $1.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Stock Options Stock options vest ratably (i.e. one-third annually) over the three years from the date of the grant. The cost of stock options, based on their fair value at the date of grant, is charged to expense over the respective vesting periods. Stock options normally become exercisable at a rate of one-third annually and in full on the third anniversary date. Under the plan, all options and rights must be exercised within ten years from date of grant. At the Company’s discretion, vested stock option holders are permitted to elect an alternative settlement method in lieu of purchasing common stock at the option price. The alternative settlement method permits the employee to receive, without payment to the Company, cash, shares of common stock or a combination thereof equal to the excess of market value of common stock over the option purchase price. The Company has historically settled all such options in common stock and intends to continue to do so. Stock options do not have voting or dividend rights until such time that the options are exercised and shares have been issued. The weighted average fair value of options granted during 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $12.64, $13.54 and $7.86, respectively. The fair value of each option grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: 2022 2021 2020 Expected dividend yield 1.0 % 0.8 % 1.2 % Expected volatility 32.7 % 33.0 % 33.0 % Risk-free interest rate 3.0 % 1.1 % 0.5 % Expected option life in years 6.9 6.4 6.2 Dividend yields are based on historical dividend payments. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant for periods corresponding with the expected life of the options. The expected life of options represents the weighted average period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding giving consideration to vesting schedules and the Company’s historical exercise patterns. The following summarizes stock option activity: Option Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price (in millions, except per share data) 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Outstanding, at beginning of year 1.4 2.0 2.3 $ 23.58 $ 17.52 $ 13.87 Granted 0.2 0.2 0.3 35.80 42.84 27.82 Exercised (0.4) (0.8) (0.6) 16.09 12.12 7.85 Canceled or expired — — — 33.89 30.76 26.44 Outstanding, at end of year 1.2 1.4 2.0 $ 27.40 $ 23.58 $ 17.52 Exercisable, at end of year 0.8 1.0 1.5 $ 23.60 $ 19.15 $ 14.37 At December 31, 2022, options that have vested and are expected to vest totaled 1.2 million shares, with a weighted average exercise price of $27.24, and represent the sum of 0.8 million vested (or exercisable) options and 0.4 million options that are expected to vest. Options that are expected to vest are derived by applying the pre-vesting forfeiture rate assumption against outstanding, unvested options as of December 31, 2022. The following table summarizes information for stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2022 under all plans: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices Shares Weighted Average Weighted Average Shares Weighted Average (in millions) (in years) (in millions) $5.01 — 10.00 0.0 0.4 $ 8.40 0.0 $ 8.40 10.01 — 15.00 0.1 3.0 12.88 0.1 12.88 15.01 — 20.00 0.1 3.9 16.82 0.1 16.82 20.01 — 25.00 0.2 5.3 23.14 0.2 23.14 25.01 — 30.00 0.4 6.8 27.58 0.3 27.53 30.01 — 35.00 — 0.0 — — — 35.01 — 40.00 0.2 9.3 35.80 — — 40.01 — 45.00 0.2 8.2 42.86 0.1 42.86 1.2 6.4 $ 27.40 0.8 $ 23.60 The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2022 was $22.8 million and $19.0 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $9.7 million, $22.7 million and $13.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The related tax benefits were $2.5 million, $5.7 million and $3.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Cash received from the exercise of stock options was $0.2 million, $4.2 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The total compensation expense related to all stock option compensation plans was $2.1 million, $2.0 million and $1.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, there was $2.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options that is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average period of approximately 1.9 years. Restricted Stock Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units primarily cliff vest at the third anniversary from the date of grant, provided the recipient is still employed by the Company on the vesting date. The cost of restricted stock, based on the fair market value of the underlying shares determined using the closing market price on the date of grant, is charged to expense over the respective vesting periods. Shares associated with non-vested restricted stock awards have the same voting rights as the Company’s common stock and have non-forfeitable rights to dividends. Shares associated with non-vested restricted stock units do not have voting or dividend rights. The following table summarizes restricted stock activity for the year ended December 31, 2022: Number of Weighted Average (in millions) Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2021 0.2 $ 32.15 Granted 0.2 35.60 Vested (0.1) 28.35 Forfeited — 34.99 Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2022 0.3 $ 34.93 The total grant-date fair value of restricted stock that vested in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $2.1 million, $1.9 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The total compensation expense related to all restricted stock compensation plans was $3.8 million, $2.6 million and $2.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, there was $4.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock that is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average period of approximately 1.7 years. Performance Awards In each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, the Company granted performance-based restricted stock unit awards (“PSUs”) to certain executives and other non-executive officers. Performance targets associated with PSUs are set annually and approved by the CBC. At the Company’s discretion, actual payment of the awards earned shall be in cash or in common stock of the Company, or in a combination of both. The Company intends to settle all such awards by issuing shares of its common stock. Shares associated with non-vested PSUs do not have voting or dividend rights until issuance. The Company assesses the probability of vesting, based on expected achievement against these performance targets, on a quarterly basis. The PSUs granted in 2022 have a three-year performance period ending December 31, 2024, in which the Company must achieve a certain cumulative EPS from continuing operations and a certain average return on invested capital (“ROIC”), which are performance conditions per ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). The percentage of shares earned under these two performance conditions may be subject to a further 20% modifier, for a maximum potential payout of 240% of target, determined by comparing the Company’s total stockholder return (“TSR”) over a multi-year performance period, relative to that of the S&P 600 Capital Goods Index. The TSR modifier, which is a market condition under ASC 718, will only apply if the Company’s TSR performance over the performance period is in the top or bottom quartile of the S&P 600 Capital Goods Index. If earned, these shares would vest on December 31, 2024. The PSUs granted in 2021 have a three-year performance period ending December 31, 2023, in which the Company must achieve a certain cumulative EPS from continuing operations and a certain average ROIC, which are performance conditions per ASC 718. The number of shares of common stock that the Company may issue in connection with the PSUs granted in 2021 can range from 0% to 200% of target. If earned, these shares would vest on December 31, 2023. The PSUs granted in 2020 had a three-year performance period ending December 31, 2022, in which a certain cumulative EPS from continuing operations and a certain average ROIC was targeted. The number of shares of common stock that the Company may issue in connection with the PSUs granted in 2020 can range from 0% to 200% of target. The PSUs granted in 2020 became fully vested on December 31, 2022. Based on the achievement against targets over the three-year performance period, 125% of the target shares were earned. The underlying shares will be issued to participants in the first quarter of 2023. The cost of PSUs, based on their fair value, is charged to expense over the respective vesting periods, which is the three-year period ended December 31, 2022 for the 2020 grants, the three-year period ended December 31, 2023 for the 2021 grants and the three-year period ended December 31, 2024 for the 2022 grants. The fair value of the PSUs granted in 2021 and 2020 was determined using the closing market price on the date of grant. As the PSUs granted in 2022 contain a market condition, the Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation model to determine the grant date fair value, using the following assumptions: Expected Volatility Expected Dividend Yield Risk-Free Interest Rate Correlation Between TSR for the Company and the S&P 600 Capital Goods Index Federal Signal Corporation 34.4 % 1.0 % 2.8 % 52.3 % S&P 600 Capital Goods Index 50.5 % n/a 2.8 % n/a The total grant-date fair value of PSUs that vested in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $4.0 million, $2.6 million and $5.4 million, respectively. Compensation expense included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the PSUs in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $4.3 million, $3.0 million and $4.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, there was $4.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to PSUs that is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average period of approximately 1.8 years. The following table summarizes PSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2022: Number of PSUs Weighted Average Price per Share (in millions) Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2021 0.2 $ 34.87 Granted (a) 0.1 35.82 Vested (0.1) 28.04 Forfeited — 37.97 Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2022 0.2 $ 39.83

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY The Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) has the authority to issue 90.0 million shares of common stock at a par value of $1 per share. The holders of common stock (i) may receive dividends subject to all of the rights of the holders of preference stock, (ii) shall be entitled to share ratably upon any liquidation of the Company in the assets of the Company, if any, remaining after payment in full to the holders of preference stock and (iii) receive one vote for each common share held and shall vote together share for share with the holders of voting shares of preference stock as one class for the election of directors and for all other purposes. The Company had 69.5 million and 68.9 million common shares issued as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Of those amounts, 60.7 million and 60.9 million common shares were outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Board is also authorized to provide for the issuance of 0.8 million shares of preference stock at a par value of $1 per share. The authority of the Board includes, but is not limited to, the determination of the dividend rate, voting rights, conversion and redemption features and liquidation preferences. The Company has not designated or issued any preference stock as of December 31, 2022. Dividends The Company declared and paid dividends totaling $21.8 million, $22.0 million and $19.4 million during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. On February 14, 2023, the Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.09 per common share payable on March 31, 2023 to stockholders of record at the close of business on March 17, 2023. Stock Repurchase Program In March 2020, the Board authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $75.0 million of the Company’s common stock, with the remaining authorization under our previously described repurchase program adopted in November 2014 being subject to the March 2020 program. The stock repurchase program is intended primarily to facilitate opportunistic purchases of Company stock as a means to provide cash returns to stockholders, enhance stockholder returns and manage the Company’s capital structure. Under its stock repurchase program, the Company is authorized to repurchase, from time to time, shares of its outstanding common stock in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. Stock repurchases by the Company are subject to market conditions and other factors and may be commenced, suspended or discontinued at any time. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 472,381 shares for a total of $16.1 million under the stock repurchase program. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company repurchased 361,804 shares for a total of $15.4 million under the stock repurchase program. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company repurchased 498,217 shares for a total of $13.7 million under the stock repurchase program. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss The following tables summarize the changes in each component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax: (in millions) (a) Actuarial Losses Prior Service Costs Foreign Interest Rate Swaps Total Balance at January 1, 2022 $ (67.9) $ (2.4) $ (3.4) $ (0.5) $ (74.2) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (2.9) 0.3 (12.6) 2.9 (12.3) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss 2.2 0.1 — 0.2 2.5 Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income (0.7) 0.4 (12.6) 3.1 (9.8) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ (68.6) $ (2.0) $ (16.0) $ 2.6 $ (84.0) (a) Amounts in parentheses indicate losses. (in millions) (a) Actuarial Losses (b) Prior Service Costs Foreign Interest Rate Swaps Total Balance at January 1, 2021 $ (88.2) $ (2.6) $ 1.3 $ (2.2) $ (91.7) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 9.1 — (4.7) 1.0 5.4 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss 11.2 0.2 — 0.7 12.1 Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) 20.3 0.2 (4.7) 1.7 17.5 Balance at December 31, 2021 $ (67.9) $ (2.4) $ (3.4) $ (0.5) $ (74.2) (a) Amounts in parentheses indicate losses. (b) During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company reclassified $10.3 million of actuarial losses from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to Pension settlement charges on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, in connection with the purchase of a group annuity contract from an insurance company. See Note 11 - Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans for further discussion. The following table summarizes the amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, and the affected line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations: Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Affected Line Item in Consolidated Statements of Operations For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 (in millions) (a) Amortization of actuarial losses of defined benefit pension plans $ (2.9) $ (4.7) Other (income) expense, net Recognition of actuarial losses associated with pension settlement — (10.3) Pension settlement charges Amortization of prior service costs of defined benefit pension plans (0.1) (0.2) Other (income) expense, net Interest rate swaps (0.2) (0.9) Interest expense Total before tax (3.2) (16.1) Income tax benefit 0.7 4.0 Income tax expense Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax $ (2.5) $ (12.1) (a) Amount in parentheses indicate expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Segment Information

Segment Information	12 Months Ended
Segment Information	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment Information	SEGMENT INFORMATION The Company has two reportable segments. Business units are organized under each reportable segment because they share certain characteristics, such as technology, marketing, distribution and product application, which create long-term synergies. The principal activities of the Company’s reportable segments are as follows: Environmental Solutions — Our Environmental Solutions Group is a leading manufacturer and supplier of a full range of street sweepers, sewer cleaners, industrial vacuum loaders, safe-digging trucks, high-performance waterblasting equipment, road-marking and line-removal equipment, dump truck bodies, trailers, and metal extraction support equipment. The Group manufactures vehicles and equipment in the U.S. and Canada that are sold under the Elgin ® , Vactor ® , Guzzler ® , TRUVAC ® , Westech TM , Jetstream ® , Mark Rite Lines, Ox Bodies ® , Crysteel ® , J-Craft ® , Duraclass ® , Rugby ® , Travis ® , OSW, NTE, WTB, Ground Force, TowHaul ® , Bucks ® and Switch-N-Go ® brand names. Product offerings also include certain products manufactured by other companies, such as refuse and recycling collection vehicles, camera systems, ice resurfacing equipment and snow-removal equipment. Products are sold to both municipal and industrial customers either through a dealer network or direct sales to service customers generally depending on the type and geographic location of the customer. In addition to vehicle and equipment sales, the Group also engages in the sale of parts, service and repair, equipment rentals and training as part of a comprehensive aftermarket offering to its current and potential customers through its service centers located across North America. Our Environmental Solutions Group includes the aggregated results of two operating segments, including TBEI. In addition, as discussed in Note 2 – Acquisitions, the Company completed the acquisition of substantially all of the assets and operations of TowHaul during the year ended December 31, 2022. The assets and liabilities of TowHaul have been consolidated into the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022, while the post-acquisition results of operations of TowHaul have been included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations subsequent to their respective closing dates, within the Environmental Solutions Group. Safety and Security Systems — Our Safety and Security Systems Group is a leading manufacturer and supplier of comprehensive systems and products that law enforcement, fire rescue, emergency medical services, campuses, military facilities and industrial sites use to protect people and property. Offerings include systems for community alerting, emergency vehicles, first responder interoperable communications and industrial communications. Specific products include public safety equipment, such as vehicle lightbars and sirens, industrial signaling equipment, public warning systems and general alarm/public address systems. Products are sold under the Federal Signal TM , Federal Signal VAMA ® , and Victor ® brand names. The Group operates manufacturing facilities in the U.S., Spain, the U.K., and South Africa. Corporate contains those items that are not included in our reportable segments. Net sales by reportable segment reflect sales of products and services to external customers, as reported in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Intersegment sales are insignificant. The Company evaluates performance based on operating income of the respective segment. Operating income includes all revenues, costs and expenses directly related to the segment involved. In determining reportable segment income, neither corporate nor interest expenses are included. Reportable segment depreciation and amortization expense, identifiable assets and capital expenditures relate to those assets that are utilized by the respective reportable segment. Corporate assets consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, deferred tax assets and fixed assets. The accounting policies of each reportable segment are the same as those described in Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Revenues attributed to customers located outside of the U.S. aggregated to $285.0 million in 2022, $286.4 million in 2021 and $258.6 million in 2020, of which sales exported from the U.S. aggregated to $88.8 million, $77.0 million and $69.7 million, respectively. The following table summarizes the Company’s continuing operations by segment, including net sales, operating income, depreciation and amortization, total assets and capital expenditures: For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Net sales: Environmental Solutions $ 1,190.6 $ 1,004.0 $ 915.8 Safety and Security Systems 244.2 209.2 215.0 Total net sales $ 1,434.8 $ 1,213.2 $ 1,130.8 Operating income: Environmental Solutions $ 144.5 $ 120.5 $ 124.3 Safety and Security Systems 40.8 32.7 35.5 Corporate and eliminations (24.5) (22.5) (28.4) Total operating income 160.8 130.7 131.4 Interest expense 10.3 4.5 5.7 Debt settlement charges 0.1 — — Pension settlement charges — 10.3 — Other (income) expense, net (0.5) (1.7) 1.1 Income before income taxes $ 150.9 $ 117.6 $ 124.6 Depreciation and amortization: Environmental Solutions $ 50.3 $ 46.7 $ 41.3 Safety and Security Systems 4.2 3.6 3.4 Corporate 0.2 0.1 0.1 Total depreciation and amortization $ 54.7 $ 50.4 $ 44.8 Total assets: Environmental Solutions $ 1,206.4 $ 1,098.2 $ 926.8 Safety and Security Systems 279.3 226.9 225.5 Corporate and eliminations 38.6 41.0 56.3 Total assets of continuing operations 1,524.3 1,366.1 1,208.6 Total assets of discontinued operations — — 0.2 Total assets $ 1,524.3 $ 1,366.1 $ 1,208.8 Capital expenditures: Environmental Solutions $ 19.4 $ 34.3 $ 24.4 Safety and Security Systems 32.4 2.8 4.1 Corporate 1.2 0.3 1.2 Total capital expenditures $ 53.0 $ 37.4 $ 29.7 The following table summarizes net sales by geographic region based on the location of the end-customer: For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Net sales: U.S. $ 1,149.8 $ 926.8 $ 872.2 Canada 175.3 192.4 160.5 Europe/Other 109.7 94.0 98.1 Total net sales $ 1,434.8 $ 1,213.2 $ 1,130.8 The following table summarizes long-lived assets by geographic region based on the location of the Company’s subsidiaries: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Long-lived assets: U.S. $ 249.4 $ 219.9 $ 177.4 Canada 59.1 56.3 60.4 Europe/Other 4.6 3.9 4.3 Total long-lived assets $ 313.1 $ 280.1 $ 242.1

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	12 Months Ended
Fair Value Measurements	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS The Company uses a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. Observable inputs are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about valuation based on the best information available in the circumstances. The three levels of inputs are classified as follows: • Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; • Level 2 — observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and • Level 3 — unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs. In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches within the fair value measurement framework. The valuation methodologies used for the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value and their classification in the valuation hierarchy are summarized below: Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents primarily consist of time-based deposits and interest-bearing instruments with maturities of three months or less. The Company classified cash equivalents as Level 1 due to the short-term nature of these instruments and measured the fair value based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. Interest Rate Swaps As described in Note 9 – Debt, the Company may, from time to time, execute interest rate swaps as a means of fixing the floating interest rate component on a portion of its floating-rate debt. The Company classifies its interest rate swaps as Level 2 due to the use of a discounted cash flow model based on the terms of the contract and the interest rate curve (Level 2 inputs) to calculate the fair value of the swaps. Contingent Consideration As further described in Note 2 – Acquisitions, the Company has a contingent obligation to transfer up to $7.5 million to the former owners of Deist if specified financial results are met over future reporting periods (i.e., an earn-out). The acquisition of Mark Rite Lines Equipment Company, Inc. (“MRL”) was completed on July 1, 2019. The contingent earn-out payment, if earned, would be due to be paid following the third anniversary of the closing of the respective acquisition. The MRL earn-out period ended on July 1, 2022 and the associated earn-out payment is expected to be settled during the first half of 2023. Liabilities for contingent consideration are measured at fair value each reporting period, with the acquisition-date fair value included as part of the consideration transferred. Subsequent changes in fair value are included as a component of Acquisition and integration-related (benefits) expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company uses an income approach to value the contingent consideration obligation based on the present value of risk-adjusted future cash flows under either a scenario-based or option-pricing method, as appropriate. Due to the lack of relevant observable market data over fair value inputs, such as prospective financial information or probabilities of future events, the Company has classified the contingent consideration liability within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy outlined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements . The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2022 Using (in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Cash equivalents $ 0.2 $ — $ — $ 0.2 Liabilities: Contingent consideration — — 2.7 2.7 Interest rate swaps — 0.3 — 0.3 Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2021 Using (in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Cash equivalents $ 0.1 $ — $ — $ 0.1 Liabilities: Contingent consideration — — 2.7 2.7 Interest rate swaps — 0.7 — 0.7 The following table provides a roll-forward of the fair value of recurring Level 3 fair value measurements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: (in millions) 2022 2021 Contingent consideration liability, at January 1 $ 2.7 $ 4.2 Issuance of contingent consideration in connection with acquisitions — 2.0 Total gains included in earnings (a) — (3.5) Contingent consideration liability, at December 31 $ 2.7 $ 2.7

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Acquisition of Blasters On January 3, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of substantially all the assets and operations of Blasters, Inc. and Blasters Technologies, LLC (collectively, “Blasters”) for an initial purchase price of $13.4 million. In addition, there is a contingent earn-out payment of up to $8.0 million. The initial purchase price, which is subject to certain post-closing adjustments, was funded through existing cash and borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility. Blasters is a leading U.S. manufacturer of truck-mounted waterblasting equipment. The Company expects that the Blasters acquisition will further bolster its position as an industry leading diversified industrial manufacturer of specialized vehicles for maintenance and infrastructure markets with leading brands of premium, value-adding products, and a strong supporting aftermarket platform. The preliminary purchase price allocation has not been completed at this time due to the proximity of the date of acquisition to the date of issuance of the condensed consolidated financial statements. The post-acquisition operating results of Blasters are expected to be included within the Environmental Solutions Group. Acquisition of Trackless On February 23, 2023, the Company announced the signing of a definitive agreement to acquire substantially all the assets and operations of Trackless Vehicles Limited and Trackless Vehicles Asset Corp, including the wholly-owned subsidiary Work Equipment Ltd. (collectively, “Trackless”). The transaction includes an initial purchase price of C$54.0 million (approximately $40.0 million), subject to closing adjustments. In addition, there is a contingent earn-out payment of up to C$6.0 million (approximately $4.4 million), based upon the achievement of certain financial targets over a specified performance period. Trackless is a leading Canadian manufacturer of multi-purpose, off-road municipal tractors and attachments. The Company currently expects to complete the transaction during the second quarter of 2023, subject to customary closing conditions.

Summary of Significant Accoun_2

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Business Description and Basis of Presentation	Organization and Description of the Business Federal Signal Corporation was founded in 1901 and was reincorporated as a Delaware corporation in 1969. References herein to the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us” refer collectively to Federal Signal Corporation and its subsidiaries.
Fiscal period	The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31. All references to 2022, 2021 and 2020 relate to the fiscal year unless otherwise indicated.
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation	Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements represent the consolidation of Federal Signal Corporation and its subsidiaries and have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).
New Accounting Standards Adopted in 2021	New Accounting Standards Adopted in 2022 In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Liabilities from Contracts with Customers , which requires an acquirer to recognize and measure contract assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) rather than adjust them to fair value at the acquisition date. This ASU, which is applied on a prospective basis, is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2022, and the application of the amended guidance to the acquisition completed in 2022 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted New accounting pronouncements issued, but not yet adopted, are either not applicable or are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Non-U.S. Operations	Non-U.S. Operations Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. subsidiaries, other than those whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar, are translated at current exchange rates with the related translation adjustments reported in stockholders’ equity as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Accounts within the Consolidated Statements of Operations are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical exchange rates.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (ii) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and (iii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity and highly liquid nature of these instruments.
Accounts Receivable	Accounts Receivable The Company carries accounts receivable at the face amount less an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses as a result of a customer’s inability to make required payments. Management evaluates the aging of the accounts receivable balances, the financial condition of its customers, historical trends and the time outstanding of specific balances to estimate the amount of accounts receivables that may not be collected in the future and records the appropriate provision.
Inventories	Inventories The Company’s inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. Included in the cost of inventories are raw materials, direct wages and associated production costs.
Properties and Equipment	Properties and Equipment Properties and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Useful lives generally range from eight three Properties and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Rental Equipment The Company enters into lease agreements with customers related to the rental of certain equipment. All of these leasing agreements are classified as operating leases and are for periods generally not to exceed five years. In accounting for these leases, the cost of the equipment purchased or manufactured by the Company is recorded as an asset and is depreciated over its estimated useful life. Rental income is recognized ratably over the term of the underlying leases. Rental equipment is depreciated to an estimated residual value on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets and is reviewed for potential impairment whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares non-discounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on a non-discounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary.
Goodwill	Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired business over the amounts assigned to its net assets. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at a reporting unit level on an annual basis or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31, 2022. In testing the goodwill of its reporting units for potential impairment, the Company applies either a qualitative or quantitative test, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other . A qualitative approach may be applied when the Company concludes that it is not “more likely than not” that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. In this situation, the Company would not be required to perform the quantitative impairment test described below. A quantitative approach is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired and no impairment charge is required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, this difference is recorded as an impairment charge not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The Company generally determines the fair value of its reporting units using both the income and market approaches. Under the income approach, the key assumptions include projected sales, cost of sales, operating expenses and the discount rate. Under the market approach, the Company estimates fair value using marketplace fair value data from within a comparable industry grouping. The results of these two methods are weighted based upon management’s evaluation of the relevance of the two approaches. In 2022, the Company applied the quantitative approach to assess the goodwill of its reporting units for potential impairment, using a combination of the income and market approaches to determine the fair values of its reporting units. The fair values of the Company’s reporting units exceeded their carrying values by more than 20% and, therefore, no impairment was recognized. The Company had no goodwill impairments in 2022, 2021 or 2020. See Note 8 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for a summary of the Company’s goodwill by segment.
Intangible Assets	Intangible Assets Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives and are tested for impairment if indicators exist in a manner similar to that described above for Rental Equipment . Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment on an annual basis at October 31, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset could be below its carrying amount. In testing the indefinite-lived intangibles assets for potential impairment, the Company applies either a qualitative test, or a quantitative test, in accordance with ASC 350. A qualitative approach may be applied when the Company concludes that it is not “more likely than not” that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets are less than their carrying value. A quantitative impairment test consists of comparing the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset with its carrying amount. An impairment loss would be recognized for the carrying amount in excess of its fair value. In 2022, the Company performed a combination of qualitative and quantitative impairment tests over its indefinite-lived intangible assets. The fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset that was quantitatively tested for impairment exceeded its carrying value by more than 50%, and, therefore, no impairment was recognized. Further, the Company concluded that it was not “more likely than not” that the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets that were qualitatively tested for impairment were less than the carrying amounts. Accordingly, further quantitative testing was not required to be performed. The Company had no indefinite-lived intangible asset impairments in 2022, 2021 or 2020. See Note 8 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for a summary of the Company’s intangible assets.
Warranties	Warranties Warranties are classified as either assurance-type or service-type warranties. A warranty is considered an assurance-type warranty if it provides the customer with assurance that the product will function as intended. A warranty that goes above and beyond ensuring basic functionality is considered a service-type warranty. The Company offers certain limited warranties that are assurance-type warranties and extended service arrangements that are service-type warranties. Assurance-type warranties are not accounted for as separate performance obligations under the revenue model. If a service-type warranty is sold with a product or separately, revenue is recognized over the life of the warranty. Sales of many of the Company’s products include assurance-type warranties based on terms that are generally accepted in the Company’s marketplaces. The Company records provisions for estimated warranty costs, which are included within Cost of sales, at the time of sale based on historical experience. The Company periodically adjusts these provisions to reflect actual experience. Infrequently, a material warranty issue can arise which is beyond the scope of the Company’s historical experience. The Company records costs related to these issues as they become probable and estimable.
Workers' Compensation and Product Liability Reserves	Workers’ Compensation and Product Liability Reserves Due to the nature of the Company’s manufacturing and products, the Company is subject to claims for workers’ compensation and product liability in the normal course of business. The Company is self-funded for a portion of these claims. The Company establishes a reserve using a third-party actuary for any known outstanding matters, including a reserve for claims incurred but not yet reported. The amount and timing of cash payments relating to these claims are considered to be reliably determinable given the nature of the claims and historical claim volumes to support the actuarial assumptions and judgments used to derive the expected loss payment patterns. As such, the reserves recorded are discounted using a risk-free rate that matches the average duration of the claims. The Company has not established a reserve for potential losses resulting from the firefighter hearing loss litigation, with the exception of certain estimated losses that have been recognized related to settlement discussions (see Note 13 – Legal Proceedings). If the Company is not successful in its defense after exhausting all appellate options, it would record a charge for such claims, to the extent they exceed insurance recoveries, when the related losses become probable and estimable.
Pensions	Pensions The Company sponsors domestic and foreign defined benefit pension plans. Key assumptions used in the accounting for these employee benefit plans include the discount rate, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and estimates of future mortality of plan participants. The weighted-average discount rate used to measure pension liabilities and costs is selected using a hypothetical portfolio of high-quality bonds that would provide the necessary cash flow to match the projected benefit payments of the plans. The discount rate represents the rate at which our benefit obligations could effectively be settled as of the year-end measurement date. The weighted-average discount rate used to measure pension liabilities increased from 2021 to 2022. See Note 11 – Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans for further discussion. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is based on historical and expected returns for the asset classes in which the plans are invested. The Company references published mortality tables and scales in determining its estimate of future mortality.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied; generally this occurs at a point in time, with the transfer of control of the Company’s products or services to customers. For most of the Company’s product sales, these criteria are met at the time the product is shipped; however, occasionally control passes later or earlier than shipment due to customer contract or letter of credit terms. In circumstances where credit is extended, payment terms generally range from 30 to 120 days and customer deposits may be required. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring products or providing services. Expected returns and allowances are estimated and recognized based primarily on an analysis of historical experience, with Net sales presented net of such returns and allowances. Net sales include sales of products and billed freight related to product sales. Freight has not historically comprised a material component of Net sales. The Company has elected to account for such shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment cost and not as a separate performance obligation. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on a net basis and are excluded from Net sales.
Product Shipping Costs	Product Shipping Costs Product shipping costs are expensed as incurred and are included within Cost of sales.
Research and Development	Research and Development The Company invests in research to support development of new products and the enhancement of existing products and services. Expenditures for research and development by the Company were $11.5 million in 2022, $11.4 million in 2021 and $12.2 million in 2020, and are included within SEG&A expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Stock-Based Compensation Plans	Stock-Based Compensation Plans The Company has various stock-based compensation plans, described more fully in Note 15 – Stock-Based Compensation. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded net of estimated forfeitures in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company estimates the forfeiture rate based on historical forfeitures of equity awards and adjusts the rate to reflect changes in facts and circumstances, if any. The Company revises its estimated forfeiture rate if actual forfeitures differ from its initial estimates.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and tax benefit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities at the end of each period are determined using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the period in which the deferred tax liability or asset is expected to be settled or realized. A valuation allowance is established or maintained when, based on currently available information and other factors, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return for Federal Signal Corporation and its eligible domestic subsidiaries. The Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries file income tax returns in their respective local jurisdictions. The Company accounts for taxes on Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) as a period expense in the year in which it is incurred. Accounting standards on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes address the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the consolidated financial statements. Under the guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company presents interest and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of Income tax expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Litigation Contingencies	Litigation Contingencies The Company is subject to various claims, including pending and possible legal actions for product liability and other damages, and other matters arising in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. The Company believes, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that the outcome of such claims and actions in the aggregate will not have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, in the event of unexpected future developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of such matters, if unfavorable, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations. Professional legal fees are expensed when incurred. The Company accrues for contingent losses when such losses are probable and reasonably estimable. In the event that estimates or assumptions of contingent losses are different from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information.
Leases	The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental collateralized borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Implicit rates are used when readily determinable. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective lease term.

Acquisitions (Tables)

Acquisitions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Acquisitions (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information	The following table presents the unaudited pro forma combined net sales of the Company, OSW, Ground Force and Deist for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, assuming the transactions occurred on January 1, 2020. Pro forma combined income from continuing operations and pro forma diluted earnings per share are not presented, as they would not be materially different from the results reported for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2021 2020 Net sales $ 1,287.7 $ 1,229.1
TowHaul
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed	The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date: (in millions) Purchase price, inclusive of preliminary adjustment for working capital and other post-closing items (a) $ 43.3 Total consideration 43.3 Accounts receivable 1.5 Inventories 4.7 Properties and equipment 6.5 Customer relationships (b) 14.0 Trade names (c) 6.7 Accounts payable (0.1) Accrued liabilities (0.5) Customer deposits (2.4) Net assets acquired 30.4 Goodwill (d) $ 12.9 (a) The initial purchase price, which is subject to certain post-closing adjustments, including working capital, was funded through existing cash and borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility. (b) Represents the preliminary fair value assigned to customer relationships, which are considered to be definite-lived intangible assets, with a preliminary estimated useful life of approximately 12 years. (c) Represents the preliminary fair value assigned to trade names, which are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets. (d) Goodwill, which is tax-deductible, has been allocated to the Environmental Solutions Group on the basis that the synergies identified will primarily benefit this segment.
Deist
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed	The following table summarizes the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date: (in millions) Purchase price, inclusive of closing adjustments $ 38.1 Estimated fair value of additional consideration (a) 2.0 Total consideration 40.1 Accounts receivable 5.1 Inventories 8.8 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 0.2 Properties and equipment 8.5 Customer relationships (b) 3.1 Trade names (c) 5.2 Other intangible assets 1.1 Accounts payable (1.8) Accrued liabilities (3.2) Customer deposits (0.6) Net assets acquired 26.4 Goodwill (d) $ 13.7 (a) Represents the estimated fair value of the contingent earn-out payment as of the acquisition date, which is included as a component of Other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 18 – Fair Value Measurements for discussion of the methodology used to determine the fair value of the contingent earn-out payment. (b) Represents the fair value assigned to customer relationships, which are considered to be definite-lived intangible assets, with an estimated useful life of 5 years. (c) Represents the fair value assigned to trade names, which are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets. (d) Goodwill, which is tax-deductible, has been allocated to the Environmental Solutions Group on the basis that the synergies identified will primarily benefit this segment.
Ground Force
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed	The following table summarizes the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date: (in millions) Purchase price, inclusive of closing adjustments $ 43.1 Total consideration 43.1 Accounts receivable 3.0 Inventories 4.0 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 0.2 Properties and equipment 1.3 Operating lease right-of-use assets 3.0 Customer relationships (a) 16.8 Trade names (b) 7.8 Operating lease liabilities (3.0) Accounts payable (1.8) Accrued liabilities (0.7) Customer deposits (2.9) Net assets acquired 27.7 Goodwill (c) $ 15.4 (a) Represents the fair value assigned to customer relationships, which are considered to be definite-lived intangible assets, with an estimated useful life of 12 years. (b) Represents the fair value assigned to trade names, which are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets. (c) Goodwill, which is tax-deductible, has been allocated to the Environmental Solutions Group on the basis that the synergies identified will primarily benefit this segment.
OSW
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed	The following table summarizes the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date: (in millions) Purchase price, inclusive of closing adjustments $ 53.2 Total consideration 53.2 Cash 1.3 Accounts receivable 3.5 Inventories 8.3 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 0.7 Properties and equipment 5.8 Operating lease right-of-use assets 12.3 Customer relationships (a) 11.3 Trade names (b) 8.4 Other intangible assets 0.2 Operating lease liabilities (12.3) Accounts payable (3.8) Accrued liabilities (1.9) Customer deposits (0.8) Finance lease obligations (1.7) Net assets acquired 31.3 Goodwill (c) $ 21.9 (a) Represents the fair value assigned to customer relationships, which are considered to be definite-lived intangible assets, with an estimated useful life of 12 years. (b) Represents the fair value assigned to trade names, which are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets. (c) Goodwill, the majority of which is tax-deductible, has been allocated to the Environmental Solutions Group on the basis that the synergies identified will primarily benefit this segment.

Revenue Recognition (Tables)

Revenue Recognition (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Revenue Recognition (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue Recognition [Abstract]
Net Sales Disaggregated By Major Product Line	The following table presents the Company’s Net sales disaggregated by major product line: For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Environmental Solutions Vehicles and equipment (a) $ 927.9 $ 764.3 $ 719.3 Parts 173.7 150.3 129.4 Rental income (b) 53.1 44.7 36.6 Other (c) 35.9 44.7 30.5 Total net sales 1,190.6 1,004.0 915.8 Safety and Security Systems Public safety and security equipment 149.1 126.1 132.6 Industrial signaling equipment 62.1 53.9 50.8 Warning systems 33.0 29.2 31.6 Total net sales 244.2 209.2 215.0 Total net sales $ 1,434.8 $ 1,213.2 $ 1,130.8 (a) Includes net sales from the sale of new and used vehicles and equipment, including sales of rental equipment. (b) Represents revenues from vehicle and equipment lease arrangements with customers, recognized in accordance with Topic 842. (c) Primarily includes revenues from services such as maintenance and repair work and the sale of extended warranty contracts.

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Leases (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Lease Cost and Other Information	The following table summarizes the Company’s total lease costs and supplemental cash flow information arising from operating lease transactions: (in millions) For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Total operating lease costs (a) $ 11.7 $ 14.9 $ 13.3 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases 7.7 10.7 9.2 (a) Includes short-term leases and variable lease costs.
Lease Assets And Liabilities	The following table summarizes the components of lease right-of-use assets and liabilities: (in millions) 2022 2021 Affected Line Item in Consolidated Balance Sheets Assets Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 24.7 $ 29.8 Operating lease right-of-use assets Finance lease right-of-use assets 1.9 2.0 Properties and equipment, net Total lease right-of-use assets $ 26.6 $ 31.8 Liabilities Current: Operating leases $ 6.9 $ 8.8 Current operating lease liabilities Finance leases 0.7 0.6 Current portion of long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations Noncurrent: Operating leases 18.5 22.1 Long-term operating lease liabilities Finance leases 1.3 1.5 Long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations Total lease liabilities $ 27.4 $ 33.0
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Terms and Discount Rates of Operating Leases	The weighted-average remaining lease terms and discount rates of the Company’s operating leases were as follows: 2022 2021 Weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases 4.9 years 5.1 years Weighted-average discount rate of operating leases 2.5 % 2.5 %
Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities	Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows: (in millions) 2023 $ 7.5 2024 6.1 2025 4.3 2026 3.3 2027 1.7 Thereafter 4.0 Total lease payments 26.9 Less: Imputed interest 1.5 Present value of operating lease liabilities $ 25.4

Inventories (Tables)

Inventories (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Inventories (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Summary of Inventories	The following table summarizes the components of inventories: (in millions) 2022 2021 Finished goods $ 97.5 $ 87.9 Raw materials 164.3 116.4 Work in process 30.9 24.8 Total inventories (a) $ 292.7 $ 229.1

Properties and Equipment (Table

Properties and Equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Properties and Equipment (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Summarized Properties and Equipment	The following table summarizes the components of properties and equipment, net: (in millions) 2022 2021 Land $ 13.4 $ 8.5 Buildings and improvements 117.9 82.8 Machinery and equipment 204.4 202.2 Total property and equipment, at cost 335.7 293.5 Less: Accumulated depreciation 156.4 151.6 Properties and equipment, net (a) $ 179.3 $ 141.9

Rental Equipment (Tables)

Rental Equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Rental Equipment (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022
Rental Equipment [Abstract]
Schedule of Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease	The following table summarizes the components of rental equipment, net: (in millions) 2022 2021 Rental equipment $ 154.5 $ 152.2 Less: Accumulated depreciation 45.4 43.8 Rental equipment, net $ 109.1 $ 108.4

Goodwill and Other Intangible_2

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill	The following table summarizes the carrying amount of goodwill and changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by segment: (in millions) Environmental Safety & Security Total Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 279.9 $ 114.3 $ 394.2 Acquisitions 40.3 — 40.3 Translation adjustments — (2.3) (2.3) Balance at December 31, 2021 320.2 112.0 432.2 Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments 24.0 — 24.0 Translation adjustments (0.4) (2.4) (2.8) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 343.8 $ 109.6 $ 453.4
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets	The following table summarizes the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets for each major class of intangible assets: 2022 2021 (in millions) Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value Definite-lived intangible assets: Customer relationships (a) $ 153.7 $ (52.0) $ 101.7 $ 146.2 $ (39.8) $ 106.4 Other (a) 5.7 (3.4) 2.3 5.3 (2.9) 2.4 Total definite-lived intangible assets 159.4 (55.4) 104.0 151.5 (42.7) 108.8 Indefinite-lived intangible assets: Trade names 99.9 — 99.9 96.9 — 96.9 Other 4.3 — 4.3 — — — Total indefinite-lived intangible assets 104.2 — 104.2 96.9 — 96.9 Total intangible assets $ 263.6 $ (55.4) $ 208.2 $ 248.4 $ (42.7) $ 205.7 (a) Average useful life of customer relationships and other definite-lived intangible assets are estimated to be approximately 12 years and 7 years, respectively. The average useful life across all definite-lived intangible assets is estimated to be approximately 12 years.
Schedule of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets	The following table summarizes the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets for each major class of intangible assets: 2022 2021 (in millions) Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value Definite-lived intangible assets: Customer relationships (a) $ 153.7 $ (52.0) $ 101.7 $ 146.2 $ (39.8) $ 106.4 Other (a) 5.7 (3.4) 2.3 5.3 (2.9) 2.4 Total definite-lived intangible assets 159.4 (55.4) 104.0 151.5 (42.7) 108.8 Indefinite-lived intangible assets: Trade names 99.9 — 99.9 96.9 — 96.9 Other 4.3 — 4.3 — — — Total indefinite-lived intangible assets 104.2 — 104.2 96.9 — 96.9 Total intangible assets $ 263.6 $ (55.4) $ 208.2 $ 248.4 $ (42.7) $ 205.7 (a) Average useful life of customer relationships and other definite-lived intangible assets are estimated to be approximately 12 years and 7 years, respectively. The average useful life across all definite-lived intangible assets is estimated to be approximately 12 years.

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Debt (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Summary of Components of Long-Term Borrowings and Finance Lease Obligations	The following table summarizes the components of Long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations (in millions) 2022 2021 2019 Credit Agreement $ — $ 280.7 2022 Credit Agreement 361.0 — Finance lease obligations 2.0 2.1 Total long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations, including current portion 363.0 282.8 Less: Current maturities 0.8 — Less: Current finance lease obligations 0.7 0.6 Total long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations $ 361.5 $ 282.2
Schedule of Carrying Values and Estimated Fair Values of Debt Instruments	The following table summarizes the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments: 2022 2021 (in millions) Notional Fair Notional Fair Long-term borrowings (a) $ 363.0 $ 363.0 $ 282.8 $ 282.8 (a) Long-term borrowings include current portions of long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations aggregating to $1.5 million and $0.6 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Schedule of Gross Borrowings and Gross Payments	The following table summarizes the gross borrowings and gross payments under the Company’s revolving credit facilities: For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Gross borrowings $ 137.0 $ 214.0 $ 82.6 Gross payments 55.8 143.5 94.4

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Components of Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes	The following table summarizes the income tax expense from continuing operations: For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Current tax expense: Federal $ 24.0 $ 14.7 $ 16.4 Foreign 4.1 5.0 1.4 State and local 6.6 4.0 5.1 Total current tax expense 34.7 23.7 22.9 Deferred tax (benefit) expense: Federal (3.5) 0.4 2.7 Foreign (0.1) 1.5 3.1 State and local (0.6) (8.6) (0.2) Total deferred tax (benefit) expense (4.2) (6.7) 5.6 Total income tax expense $ 30.5 $ 17.0 $ 28.5
Differences between Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate and Effective Income Tax Rate	The following table summarizes the differences between the statutory federal income tax rate and the effective income tax rate from continuing operations: For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Statutory federal income tax rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit 4.0 3.4 3.5 Valuation allowance (2.3) (2.9) 0.1 Remeasurement of deferred taxes (0.6) (2.8) — Tax reserves — 0.1 (0.1) Tax credits (0.3) (0.4) (0.3) Foreign tax rate effects 0.6 1.2 0.8 Excess tax benefits from stock compensation activity (1.6) (4.8) (2.9) Other, net (0.6) (0.3) 0.8 Effective income tax rate 20.2 % 14.5 % 22.9 %
Schedule of Income before Income Tax	The following table summarizes income before income taxes from continuing operations: For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 U.S. $ 132.1 $ 94.8 $ 107.4 Non-U.S. 18.8 22.8 17.2 Income before income taxes $ 150.9 $ 117.6 $ 124.6
Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities	The following table summarizes deferred income tax assets and liabilities of the Company’s continuing operations: (in millions) 2022 2021 Deferred tax assets: Properties and equipment $ 3.5 $ 2.8 Accrued expenses 28.7 24.7 Stock-based compensation 3.5 3.3 Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards 18.0 19.4 Goodwill and intangibles 0.9 1.8 Pension benefits 14.8 15.1 Gross deferred tax assets 69.4 67.1 Valuation allowance (1.0) (5.1) Total deferred tax assets 68.4 62.0 Deferred tax liabilities: Properties and equipment (35.4) (31.2) Pension benefits (10.1) (9.2) Goodwill and intangibles (63.1) (64.4) Other (1.9) (1.9) Gross deferred tax liabilities (110.5) (106.7) Net deferred tax liabilities $ (42.1) $ (44.7)
Summary of Activities Related to Unrecognized Tax Benefits	The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Balance at January 1 $ 1.2 $ 1.2 $ 1.3 Increases as a result of tax positions taken in the current period — 0.1 — Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitations — (0.1) (0.1) Balance at December 31 $ 1.2 $ 1.2 $ 1.2

Pension and Other Post-Employ_2

Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Schedule of Net Periodic Pension Expense (Benefit)	The following table summarizes net periodic pension (benefit) expense for the U.S. and non-U.S. benefit plans: U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan For the Years Ended December 31, For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Company-sponsored plans: Service cost $ — $ — $ — $ 0.1 $ 0.2 $ 0.2 Interest cost 4.4 4.9 5.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 Expected return on plan assets (6.9) (9.6) (9.2) (2.0) (2.0) (1.9) Amortization of prior service costs — — — 0.1 0.2 0.1 Amortization of actuarial losses 2.3 3.9 3.2 0.6 0.8 0.5 Settlement charges — 10.3 — — — — Net periodic pension (benefit) expense $ (0.2) $ 9.5 $ (0.2) $ (0.3) $ (0.1) $ (0.1)
Weighted-Average Actuarial Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations And Expense	The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used in determining pension costs: U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan For the Years Ended December 31, For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Discount rate 3.1 % 2.8 % 3.5 % 1.8 % 1.3 % 2.0 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 6.1 % 7.4 % 7.4 % 4.0 % 3.5 % 3.6 % The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used in determining benefit obligations: U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan 2022 2021 2022 2021 Discount rate 5.7 % 3.1 % 4.8 % 1.8 %
Summary of Changes in Projected Benefit Obligation	The following table summarizes the changes in the projected benefit obligation and plan assets: U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Benefit obligation, beginning of year $ 142.0 $ 180.2 $ 52.8 $ 57.6 Service cost — — 0.1 0.2 Interest cost 4.4 4.9 0.9 0.7 Actuarial loss (29.0) (8.4) (13.4) (1.8) Benefits and expenses paid (8.4) (9.3) (2.6) (3.4) Settlement payments — (25.4) — — Foreign currency translation — — (5.4) (0.5) Benefit obligation, end of year $ 109.0 $ 142.0 $ 32.4 $ 52.8 Accumulated benefit obligation, end of year $ 109.0 $ 142.0 $ 32.4 $ 52.8
Summary of Change in Plan Assets	The following summarizes the changes in the fair value of plan assets: U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year $ 120.2 $ 142.5 $ 56.5 $ 57.4 Actual (loss) return on plan assets (a) (24.8) 10.5 (14.2) 1.9 Company contribution — 1.9 0.9 1.2 Benefits and expenses paid (8.4) (9.3) (2.6) (3.4) Settlement payments — (25.4) — — Foreign currency translation — — (5.8) (0.6) Fair value of plan assets, end of year $ 87.0 $ 120.2 $ 34.8 $ 56.5 (a) Actual (loss) return on plan assets of the U.S. benefit plan for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, was net of fees, commissions and other expenses paid from plan assets of $1.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively.
Summary of Pension Assets in Three-Tier Fair Value Hierarchy for Benefit Plan	The following summarizes the Company’s pension assets in a three-tier fair value hierarchy for its benefit plans: U. S. Benefit Plan 2022 2021 (in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents $ 4.1 $ — $ — $ 4.1 $ 3.6 $ — $ — $ 3.6 Equity investments: U.S. Large Cap 10.8 0.1 — 10.9 14.2 0.1 — 14.3 U.S. Small and Mid Cap 13.6 — — 13.6 17.5 — — 17.5 Developed international 4.8 0.7 — 5.5 7.0 3.1 — 10.1 Emerging markets 2.0 0.9 — 2.9 2.6 1.3 — 3.9 Fixed income investments: Government securities 2.9 — — 2.9 3.8 — — 3.8 Asset-backed securities — 0.2 — 0.2 — 0.3 — 0.3 Corporate bonds — 46.4 — 46.4 — 66.2 — 66.2 Total assets at fair value (a) $ 38.2 $ 48.3 $ — $ 86.5 $ 48.7 $ 71.0 $ — $ 119.7 (a) Total assets at fair value in the table above exclude a net receivable of $0.5 million and $0.5 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Non-U. S. Benefit Plan 2022 2021 (in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents $ 0.9 $ 6.5 $ — $ 7.4 $ 0.8 $ 4.6 $ — $ 5.4 Diversified investment funds (a) — 15.3 — 15.3 — 23.3 — 23.3 Fixed income investments: Asset-backed securities — 4.0 — 4.0 — 18.1 — 18.1 Corporate bonds — 4.1 — 4.1 — 5.1 — 5.1 Other investments: Insurance-linked securities — — 4.0 4.0 — — 4.6 4.6 Total assets at fair value $ 0.9 $ 29.9 $ 4.0 $ 34.8 $ 0.8 $ 51.1 $ 4.6 $ 56.5 (a) These funds primarily invest in a diversified portfolio of equity securities and fixed income securities.
Summary of Funded Status	The following summarizes the funded status of the Company’s benefit plans: U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Fair value of plan assets, end of year $ 87.0 $ 120.2 $ 34.8 $ 56.5 Benefit obligation, end of year 109.0 142.0 32.4 52.8 Funded status, end of year $ (22.0) $ (21.8) $ 2.4 $ 3.7
Schedule of Amounts Recognized In Consolidated Balance Sheet	The following summarizes the amounts recognized within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets: U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan (in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Amounts recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets include: Deferred charges and other long-term assets $ — $ — $ 2.4 $ 3.7 Long-term pension and other post-retirement benefit liabilities (22.0) (21.8) — — Net (liability) asset recorded $ (22.0) $ (21.8) $ 2.4 $ 3.7 Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss include: Actuarial losses $ 58.1 $ 57.7 $ 17.3 $ 16.9 Prior service costs — — 2.0 2.4 Net amount recognized, pre-tax $ 58.1 $ 57.7 $ 19.3 $ 19.3
Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments	The following summarizes the benefits expected to be paid under the Company’s benefit plans in each of the next five years, and in aggregate for the five years thereafter: (in millions) U.S. Benefit Plan Non-U.S. Benefit Plan 2023 $ 8.2 $ 2.6 2024 8.4 2.5 2025 8.7 2.6 2026 8.7 2.4 2027 8.8 2.4 2028-2032 43.1 11.6

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Changes in Company's Warranty Liabilities	The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s warranty liabilities: (in millions) 2022 2021 Balance at January 1 $ 9.7 $ 10.2 Provisions to expense 6.8 6.9 Acquisitions — 0.4 Payments (7.2) (7.7) Foreign currency translation — (0.1) Balance at December 31 $ 9.3 $ 9.7

Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Tabl

Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Computation of Earnings Per Common Share	The following table reconciles net income to basic and diluted EPS: For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions, except per share data) 2022 2021 2020 Income from continuing operations $ 120.4 $ 100.6 $ 96.1 Gain from discontinued operations and disposal, net of tax — — 0.1 Net income $ 120.4 $ 100.6 $ 96.2 Weighted average shares outstanding — Basic 60.5 60.8 60.3 Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents 0.7 1.1 1.4 Weighted average shares outstanding — Diluted 61.2 61.9 61.7 Basic earnings per share: Earnings from continuing operations $ 1.99 $ 1.65 $ 1.59 Earnings from discontinued operations and disposal, net of tax — — 0.00 Net earnings per share $ 1.99 $ 1.65 $ 1.59 Diluted earnings per share: Earnings from continuing operations $ 1.97 $ 1.63 $ 1.56 Earnings from discontinued operations and disposal, net of tax — — 0.00 Net earnings per share $ 1.97 $ 1.63 $ 1.56

Stock-Based Compensation (Table

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock Option Activity	The following summarizes stock option activity: Option Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price (in millions, except per share data) 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Outstanding, at beginning of year 1.4 2.0 2.3 $ 23.58 $ 17.52 $ 13.87 Granted 0.2 0.2 0.3 35.80 42.84 27.82 Exercised (0.4) (0.8) (0.6) 16.09 12.12 7.85 Canceled or expired — — — 33.89 30.76 26.44 Outstanding, at end of year 1.2 1.4 2.0 $ 27.40 $ 23.58 $ 17.52 Exercisable, at end of year 0.8 1.0 1.5 $ 23.60 $ 19.15 $ 14.37
Summary of Information Concerning Stock Options Outstanding	The following table summarizes information for stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2022 under all plans: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices Shares Weighted Average Weighted Average Shares Weighted Average (in millions) (in years) (in millions) $5.01 — 10.00 0.0 0.4 $ 8.40 0.0 $ 8.40 10.01 — 15.00 0.1 3.0 12.88 0.1 12.88 15.01 — 20.00 0.1 3.9 16.82 0.1 16.82 20.01 — 25.00 0.2 5.3 23.14 0.2 23.14 25.01 — 30.00 0.4 6.8 27.58 0.3 27.53 30.01 — 35.00 — 0.0 — — — 35.01 — 40.00 0.2 9.3 35.80 — — 40.01 — 45.00 0.2 8.2 42.86 0.1 42.86 1.2 6.4 $ 27.40 0.8 $ 23.60
Summary of Restricted Stock Grants	The following table summarizes restricted stock activity for the year ended December 31, 2022: Number of Weighted Average (in millions) Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2021 0.2 $ 32.15 Granted 0.2 35.60 Vested (0.1) 28.35 Forfeited — 34.99 Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2022 0.3 $ 34.93
Equity Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Assumptions Used to Calculate Fair Value	The fair value of each option grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: 2022 2021 2020 Expected dividend yield 1.0 % 0.8 % 1.2 % Expected volatility 32.7 % 33.0 % 33.0 % Risk-free interest rate 3.0 % 1.1 % 0.5 % Expected option life in years 6.9 6.4 6.2
PSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Activity	The following table summarizes PSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2022: Number of PSUs Weighted Average Price per Share (in millions) Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2021 0.2 $ 34.87 Granted (a) 0.1 35.82 Vested (0.1) 28.04 Forfeited — 37.97 Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2022 0.2 $ 39.83
Assumptions used to Calculate PSU Fair Value	As the PSUs granted in 2022 contain a market condition, the Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation model to determine the grant date fair value, using the following assumptions: Expected Volatility Expected Dividend Yield Risk-Free Interest Rate Correlation Between TSR for the Company and the S&P 600 Capital Goods Index Federal Signal Corporation 34.4 % 1.0 % 2.8 % 52.3 % S&P 600 Capital Goods Index 50.5 % n/a 2.8 % n/a

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	The following tables summarize the changes in each component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax: (in millions) (a) Actuarial Losses Prior Service Costs Foreign Interest Rate Swaps Total Balance at January 1, 2022 $ (67.9) $ (2.4) $ (3.4) $ (0.5) $ (74.2) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (2.9) 0.3 (12.6) 2.9 (12.3) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss 2.2 0.1 — 0.2 2.5 Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income (0.7) 0.4 (12.6) 3.1 (9.8) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ (68.6) $ (2.0) $ (16.0) $ 2.6 $ (84.0) (a) Amounts in parentheses indicate losses. (in millions) (a) Actuarial Losses (b) Prior Service Costs Foreign Interest Rate Swaps Total Balance at January 1, 2021 $ (88.2) $ (2.6) $ 1.3 $ (2.2) $ (91.7) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 9.1 — (4.7) 1.0 5.4 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss 11.2 0.2 — 0.7 12.1 Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) 20.3 0.2 (4.7) 1.7 17.5 Balance at December 31, 2021 $ (67.9) $ (2.4) $ (3.4) $ (0.5) $ (74.2) (a) Amounts in parentheses indicate losses. (b) During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company reclassified $10.3 million of actuarial losses from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to Pension settlement charges on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, in connection with the purchase of a group annuity contract from an insurance company. See Note 11 - Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans for further discussion.
Reclassifications from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	The following table summarizes the amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, and the affected line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations: Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Affected Line Item in Consolidated Statements of Operations For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 (in millions) (a) Amortization of actuarial losses of defined benefit pension plans $ (2.9) $ (4.7) Other (income) expense, net Recognition of actuarial losses associated with pension settlement — (10.3) Pension settlement charges Amortization of prior service costs of defined benefit pension plans (0.1) (0.2) Other (income) expense, net Interest rate swaps (0.2) (0.9) Interest expense Total before tax (3.2) (16.1) Income tax benefit 0.7 4.0 Income tax expense Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax $ (2.5) $ (12.1) (a) Amount in parentheses indicate expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Segment Information (Tables)

Segment Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Segment Information (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Summary of Continuing Operations by Segment	The following table summarizes the Company’s continuing operations by segment, including net sales, operating income, depreciation and amortization, total assets and capital expenditures: For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Net sales: Environmental Solutions $ 1,190.6 $ 1,004.0 $ 915.8 Safety and Security Systems 244.2 209.2 215.0 Total net sales $ 1,434.8 $ 1,213.2 $ 1,130.8 Operating income: Environmental Solutions $ 144.5 $ 120.5 $ 124.3 Safety and Security Systems 40.8 32.7 35.5 Corporate and eliminations (24.5) (22.5) (28.4) Total operating income 160.8 130.7 131.4 Interest expense 10.3 4.5 5.7 Debt settlement charges 0.1 — — Pension settlement charges — 10.3 — Other (income) expense, net (0.5) (1.7) 1.1 Income before income taxes $ 150.9 $ 117.6 $ 124.6 Depreciation and amortization: Environmental Solutions $ 50.3 $ 46.7 $ 41.3 Safety and Security Systems 4.2 3.6 3.4 Corporate 0.2 0.1 0.1 Total depreciation and amortization $ 54.7 $ 50.4 $ 44.8 Total assets: Environmental Solutions $ 1,206.4 $ 1,098.2 $ 926.8 Safety and Security Systems 279.3 226.9 225.5 Corporate and eliminations 38.6 41.0 56.3 Total assets of continuing operations 1,524.3 1,366.1 1,208.6 Total assets of discontinued operations — — 0.2 Total assets $ 1,524.3 $ 1,366.1 $ 1,208.8 Capital expenditures: Environmental Solutions $ 19.4 $ 34.3 $ 24.4 Safety and Security Systems 32.4 2.8 4.1 Corporate 1.2 0.3 1.2 Total capital expenditures $ 53.0 $ 37.4 $ 29.7
Schedule Of Segment Reporting Information By Geographical Segment Table	The following table summarizes net sales by geographic region based on the location of the end-customer: For the Years Ended December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Net sales: U.S. $ 1,149.8 $ 926.8 $ 872.2 Canada 175.3 192.4 160.5 Europe/Other 109.7 94.0 98.1 Total net sales $ 1,434.8 $ 1,213.2 $ 1,130.8 The following table summarizes long-lived assets by geographic region based on the location of the Company’s subsidiaries: (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 Long-lived assets: U.S. $ 249.4 $ 219.9 $ 177.4 Canada 59.1 56.3 60.4 Europe/Other 4.6 3.9 4.3 Total long-lived assets $ 313.1 $ 280.1 $ 242.1

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis	The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2022 Using (in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Cash equivalents $ 0.2 $ — $ — $ 0.2 Liabilities: Contingent consideration — — 2.7 2.7 Interest rate swaps — 0.3 — 0.3	Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2021 Using (in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Cash equivalents $ 0.1 $ — $ — $ 0.1 Liabilities: Contingent consideration — — 2.7 2.7 Interest rate swaps — 0.7 — 0.7
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation	The following table provides a roll-forward of the fair value of recurring Level 3 fair value measurements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: (in millions) 2022 2021 Contingent consideration liability, at January 1 $ 2.7 $ 4.2 Issuance of contingent consideration in connection with acquisitions — 2.0 Total gains included in earnings (a) — (3.5) Contingent consideration liability, at December 31 $ 2.7 $ 2.7

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) Segment	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments \| Segment	2
Foreign currency transaction (gain) loss	$ 0.2	$ (0.3)	$ (0.4)
Depreciation expense	41.8	39.5	35.2
Goodwill impairment	0	0	0
Indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment	0	0	0
Deferred revenue	$ 4.1	4
Minimum
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percentage of reporting unit fair value in excess of carrying amount	20%
Percentage of reporting unit fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets in excess of carrying amount	50%
Maximum
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Rental equipment operating lease term	5 years
Building \| Minimum
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful life	8 years
Building \| Maximum
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful life	40 years
Machinery and Equipment \| Minimum
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful life	3 years
Machinery and Equipment \| Maximum
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful life	15 years
Leasehold Improvements
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Useful life description	over the shorter of the remaining life of the lease or the useful life of the improvement
Selling, engineering, general and administrative expenses
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Research and development expenses	$ 11.5	$ 11.4	$ 12.2

Acquisitions - Narrative (Detai

Acquisitions - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions						3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Acquisitions - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Oct. 03, 2022	Dec. 30, 2021	Oct. 04, 2021	Feb. 17, 2021	Jun. 12, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Net sales								$ 1,434.8	$ 1,213.2	$ 1,130.8
Operating income								160.8	130.7	131.4
Goodwill acquired									40.3
Goodwill						$ 453.4		453.4	432.2	$ 394.2
Deist
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price, subject to post-closing adjustments								38.1
Contingent consideration maximum		$ 7.5
Purchase price, inclusive of adjustment for working capital and other post-closing items		38.1
Goodwill acquired		$ 13.7
Goodwill, Other Increase (Decrease)						$ 8.6
Goodwill									5.1
Ground Force
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price, subject to post-closing adjustments			$ 43.1
Purchase price, inclusive of adjustment for working capital and other post-closing items			43.1
Goodwill acquired			$ 15.4
Goodwill, Other Increase (Decrease)							$ 2.1
Goodwill									$ 13.3
OSW
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price, subject to post-closing adjustments				$ 53.2
Purchase price, inclusive of adjustment for working capital and other post-closing items				53.2
Goodwill acquired				$ 21.9
Business Acquisition Post Closing Dispute								1.9
PWE
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price, subject to post-closing adjustments					$ 6.2
Goodwill acquired					$ 2.5
TowHaul
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Net sales								7.2
Operating income								$ 2.3
Purchase price, subject to post-closing adjustments	$ 43.3
Purchase price, inclusive of adjustment for working capital and other post-closing items	43.3
Goodwill acquired	$ 12.9

Acquisitions - Fair Value of As

Acquisitions - Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions					12 Months Ended
	Oct. 03, 2022	Dec. 30, 2021	Oct. 04, 2021	Feb. 17, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill acquired						$ 40.3
Definite-lived intangible asset, useful life					12 years
Deist
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price, inclusive of adjustment for working capital and other post-closing items		$ 38.1
Estimated fair value of additional consideration		2
Total consideration		40.1
Accounts receivable		5.1
Inventories		8.8
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		0.2
Properties and equipment		8.5
Customer relationships		3.1
Trade names		5.2
Other intangible assets		1.1
Accounts payable		(1.8)
Accrued liabilities		(3.2)
Customer deposits		(0.6)
Net assets acquired		26.4
Goodwill acquired		$ 13.7
Purchase price, subject to post-closing adjustments					$ 38.1
Deist \| Customer Relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Definite-lived intangible asset, useful life		5 years
Ground Force
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price, inclusive of adjustment for working capital and other post-closing items			$ 43.1
Total consideration			43.1
Accounts receivable			3
Inventories			4
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			0.2
Properties and equipment			1.3
Operating lease right-of use-assets			3
Customer relationships			16.8
Trade names			7.8
Operating lease liabilities			(3)
Accounts payable			(1.8)
Accrued liabilities			(0.7)
Customer deposits			(2.9)
Net assets acquired			27.7
Goodwill acquired			15.4
Purchase price, subject to post-closing adjustments			$ 43.1
Ground Force \| Customer Relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Definite-lived intangible asset, useful life			12 years
OSW
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price, inclusive of adjustment for working capital and other post-closing items				$ 53.2
Cash				1.3
Accounts receivable				3.5
Inventories				8.3
Prepaid expenses and other current assets				0.7
Properties and equipment				5.8
Operating lease right-of use-assets				12.3
Customer relationships				11.3
Trade names				8.4
Other intangible assets				0.2
Operating lease liabilities				(12.3)
Accounts payable				(3.8)
Accrued liabilities				(1.9)
Customer deposits				(0.8)
Finance lease obligations				(1.7)
Net assets acquired				31.3
Goodwill acquired				21.9
Purchase price, subject to post-closing adjustments				$ 53.2
OSW \| Customer Relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Definite-lived intangible asset, useful life				12 years
TowHaul
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price, inclusive of adjustment for working capital and other post-closing items	$ 43.3
Total consideration	43.3
Accounts receivable	1.5
Inventories	4.7
Properties and equipment	6.5
Customer relationships	14
Trade names	6.7
Accounts payable	(0.1)
Accrued liabilities	(0.5)
Customer deposits	(2.4)
Net assets acquired	30.4
Goodwill acquired	12.9
Purchase price, subject to post-closing adjustments	$ 43.3
TowHaul \| Customer Relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Definite-lived intangible asset, useful life	12 years

Acquisitions - Pro Forma (Detai

Acquisitions - Pro Forma (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Acquisitions - Pro Forma (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
2021 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 1,287.7	$ 1,229.1

Revenue Recognition - Disaggreg

Revenue Recognition - Disaggregation of Revenue From Contracts With Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		$ 1,434.8	$ 1,213.2	$ 1,130.8
Rental income
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		53.1	44.7	36.6
Environmental Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		1,190.6	1,004	915.8
Environmental Solutions \| Vehicles and equipment
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	[1]	927.9	764.3	719.3
Environmental Solutions \| Parts
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		173.7	150.3	129.4
Environmental Solutions \| Rental income
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	[2]	53.1	44.7	36.6
Environmental Solutions \| Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	[3]	35.9	44.7	30.5
Safety And Security Systems
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		244.2	209.2	215
Safety And Security Systems \| Public safety and security equipment
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		149.1	126.1	132.6
Safety And Security Systems \| Industrial signaling equipment
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		62.1	53.9	50.8
Safety And Security Systems \| Warning systems
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		$ 33	$ 29.2	$ 31.6

[1]Includes net sales from the sale of new and used vehicles and equipment, including sales of rental equipment.[2]Represents revenues from vehicle and equipment lease arrangements with customers, recognized in accordance with Topic 842.[3]Primarily includes revenues from services such as maintenance and repair work and the sale of extended warranty contracts.

Revenue Recognition - Contract

Revenue Recognition - Contract Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Contract with Customer, Liability [Abstract]
Contract liabilities	$ 28.9	$ 25.3

Revenue Recognition - Additiona

Revenue Recognition - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Description of expected returns and allowances	Expected returns and allowances are estimated and recognized based primarily on an analysis of historical experience, with Net sales presented net of such returns and allowances.
Description of payment terms	Contract liabilities are recognized as Net sales when the related performance obligations are satisfied, which generally occurs within three to six months of the cash receipt.
Ingenieria Y Servicios Orbitec SPA
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Net sales from related parties	$ 2.9	$ 4.2	$ 1.3

Leases - Lease Cost and Other I

Leases - Lease Cost and Other Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases - Lease Costs and Other Information [Abstract]
Total operating lease costs	[1]	$ 11.7	$ 14.9	$ 13.3
Operating cash flows from operating leases		$ 7.7	$ 10.7	$ 9.2

[1]Includes short-term leases and variable lease costs.

Leases - Lease Assets and Liabi

Leases - Lease Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Properties and equipment, net	Properties and equipment, net
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Current portion of long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	Current portion of long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	Long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations
Assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$ 24.7	$ 29.8
Finance lease right-of-use assets	1.9	2
Total lease right-of-use assets	26.6	31.8
Current liabilities:
Operating leases	6.9	8.8
Finance leases	0.7	0.6
Noncurrent liabilities:
Operating leases	18.5	22.1
Finance leases	1.3	1.5
Total lease liabilities	$ 27.4	$ 33

Leases - Weighted-Average Remai

Leases - Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Terms and Discount Rates of Operating Leases (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases	4 years 10 months 24 days	5 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted-average discount rate of operating leases	2.50%	2.50%

Leases - Maturity of Lease Liab

Leases - Maturity of Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2023	$ 7.5
2024	6.1
2025	4.3
2026	3.3
2027	1.7
Thereafter	4
Total lease payments	26.9
Less: Imputed interest	1.5
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$ 25.4

Leases - Additional Information

Leases - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease liabilities	$ 25.4
Affiliated entity
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease liabilities	6.9	$ 17.3
Rent paid on operating leases	$ 2.8	$ 2.5	$ 1.5

Inventories (Details)

Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished goods	$ 97.5	$ 87.9
Raw materials	164.3	116.4
Work in process	30.9	24.8
Total inventories	$ 292.7	$ 229.1

Properties and Equipment - Summ

Properties and Equipment - Summary of Properties and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Feb. 16, 2022	Dec. 22, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Land			$ 13.4	$ 8.5
Buildings and improvements			117.9	82.8
Machinery and equipment			204.4	202.2
Total property and equipment, at cost			335.7	293.5
Less: Accumulated depreciation			156.4	151.6
Properties and equipment, net			$ 179.3	$ 141.9
Payments to Acquire Productive Assets	$ 28	$ 19.8

Rental Equipment (Details)

Rental Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Rental Equipment	$ 154.5	$ 152.2
Less: Accumulated depreciation	45.4	43.8
Rental equipment, net	$ 109.1	$ 108.4

Goodwill and Other Intangible_3

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	$ 432.2	$ 394.2
Translation adjustments	(2.8)	(2.3)
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments	24
Goodwill acquired		40.3
Goodwill, ending balance	453.4	432.2
Environmental Solutions
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	320.2	279.9
Translation adjustments	(0.4)	0
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments	24
Goodwill acquired		40.3
Goodwill, ending balance	343.8	320.2
Safety And Security Systems
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	112	114.3
Translation adjustments	(2.4)	(2.3)
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments	0
Goodwill acquired		0
Goodwill, ending balance	$ 109.6	$ 112

Goodwill and Other Intangible_4

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Changes in Carrying Amount of Definite-Lived Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying value		$ 159.4	$ 151.5
Accumulated amortization		(55.4)	(42.7)
Net carrying value		104	108.8
Total intangible assets (excluding goodwill), gross carrying value		263.6	248.4
Total intangible assets (excluding goodwill), net		$ 208.2	205.7
Definite-lived intangible asset, useful life		12 years
Estimated amortization of intangibles, year one		$ 13.7
Estimated amortization of intangibles, year two		13.7
Estimated amortization of intangibles, year three		13.7
Estimated amortization of intangibles, year four		13.6
Estimated amortization of intangibles, year five		12.7
Estimated amortization of intangibles, thereafter		36.6
Customer Relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying value	[1]	153.7	146.2
Accumulated amortization	[1]	(52)	(39.8)
Net carrying value	[1]	$ 101.7	106.4
Customer Relationships \| TBEI
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Definite-lived intangible asset, useful life		12 years
Other Intangible Assets
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying value	[1]	$ 5.7	5.3
Accumulated amortization	[1]	(3.4)	(2.9)
Net carrying value	[1]	$ 2.3	$ 2.4
Definite-lived intangible asset, useful life		7 years

[1]Average useful life of customer relationships and other definite-lived intangible assets are estimated to be approximately 12 years and 7 years, respectively. The average useful life across all definite-lived intangible assets is estimated to be approximately 12 years.

Goodwill and Other Intangible_5

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Changes in Carrying Amount of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net carrying value	$ 104.2	$ 96.9
Trade Names
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net carrying value	99.9	96.9
Distribution Rights
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net carrying value	$ 4.3	$ 0

Debt - Summary of Components of

Debt - Summary of Components of Long-Term Borrowings and Finance Lease Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Finance Lease, Liability	$ 2	$ 2.1
Total long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations, including current portion	363	282.8
Long-term Debt, Current Maturities	0.8	0
Finance leases	0.7	0.6
Total long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	361.5	282.2
2019 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit Agreement	0	280.7
2022 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit Agreement	$ 361	$ 0

Debt - Summary of Carrying Amou

Debt - Summary of Carrying Amount and Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term borrowings	$ 363	$ 282.8
Current portion of long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	1.5	0.6
Notional Amount
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term borrowings	363	282.8
Fair Value
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term borrowings	$ 363	$ 282.8

Debt - Schedule of Gross Borrow

Debt - Schedule of Gross Borrowings and Gross Payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Gross borrowings	$ 137	$ 214	$ 82.6
Gross payments	$ 55.8	$ 143.5	$ 94.4

Debt - Additional Information (

Debt - Additional Information (Details)			12 Months Ended
Debt - Additional Information (Details)	Oct. 21, 2022 USD ($)	Oct. 02, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Deferred financing costs			$ 1,900,000	$ 0	$ 0
Aggregate maturities of total borrowings due, year one			1,500,000
Aggregate maturities of total borrowings due, year two			4,600,000
Aggregate maturities of total borrowings due, year three			7,600,000
Aggregate maturities of total borrowings due, year four			10,200,000
Aggregate maturities of total borrowings due, year five			$ 339,100,000
Weighted average interest rate on short-term borrowings			5.50%
Interest paid			$ 9,400,000	3,900,000	5,400,000
Unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate cash flow hedges, pretax, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			4,100,000	2,300,000	(3,900,000)
Interest rate swap fair value			(300,000)	(700,000)
Interest rate swap asset, fair value		$ 4,300,000
Debt settlement charges			100,000	$ 0	$ 0
2022 Credit Agreement \| Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured credit facility	$ 800,000,000
Guaranteed percentage of outstanding voting capital stock	65%
Line of credit facility, covenant terms, leverage ratio maximum	3.25
Line of Credit Facility, Accordion Feature, Increase Limit	$ 400,000,000
Line of Credit Facility, Accordion Feature, Increase Limit, EBITDA Factor	100%
2022 Credit Agreement \| Minimum \| Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, covenants holiday, permitted acquisition consideration	$ 75,000,000
Line of credit facility, unused capacity, commitment fee percentage	0.10%
2022 Credit Agreement \| Maximum \| Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, unused capacity, commitment fee percentage	0.25%
Line of credit facility, covenants, permitted dividends and stock repurchases	$ 35,000,000
Line of credit facility, covenants, permitted other incremental cash payments	$ 65,000,000
Line of Credit Facility, Covenants, Permitted Other Incremental Cash Payments Percentage Of Total Assets	5%
2022 Credit Agreement \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate \| Minimum \| Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Base rate borrowings margin ranges	1%
2022 Credit Agreement \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate \| Maximum \| Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Base rate borrowings margin ranges	1.75%
2022 Credit Agreement \| Base Rate \| Minimum \| Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Base rate borrowings margin ranges	0%
2022 Credit Agreement \| Base Rate \| Maximum \| Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Base rate borrowings margin ranges	0.75%
2022 Credit Agreement \| Secured Debt \| Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured credit facility	$ 125,000,000
2022 Credit Agreement \| Letter of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility outstanding amount			11,200,000
2022 Credit Agreement \| Letter of Credit \| Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured credit facility	100,000,000
Line of credit facility non-U.S. maximum borrowing capacity	300,000,000
2022 Credit Agreement \| Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured credit facility			500,000,000
Line of credit facility, amount outstanding			361,000,000
Credit facility outstanding amount			427,800,000
2022 Credit Agreement \| Revolving Credit Facility \| Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured credit facility	$ 675,000,000
2019 Swap [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, amount outstanding			75,000,000
Interest rate swap, notional amount			75,000,000
2022 Swap [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, amount outstanding			75,000,000
Interest rate swap, notional amount			$ 75,000,000

Income Taxes - Components of Pr

Income Taxes - Components of Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current tax expense:
Federal	$ 24	$ 14.7	$ 16.4
Foreign	4.1	5	1.4
State and local	6.6	4	5.1
Total current tax expense	34.7	23.7	22.9
Deferred tax (benefit) expense:
Federal	(3.5)	0.4	2.7
Foreign	(0.1)	1.5	3.1
State and local	(0.6)	(8.6)	(0.2)
Deferred tax expense (benefit)	(4.2)	(6.7)	5.6
Total income tax expense	$ 30.5	$ 17	$ 28.5

Income Taxes - Differences betw

Income Taxes - Differences between Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate and Effective Income Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Statutory federal income tax rate	21%	21%	21%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	4%	3.40%	3.50%
Valuation allowance	(2.30%)	(2.90%)	0.10%
Remeasurement of deferred taxes	(0.60%)	(2.80%)	0%
Tax reserves	0%	0.10%	(0.10%)
Tax credits	(0.30%)	(0.40%)	(0.30%)
Foreign tax rate effects	0.60%	1.20%	0.80%
Excess tax benefits from stock compensation activity	(1.60%)	(4.80%)	(2.90%)
Other, net	(0.60%)	(0.30%)	0.80%
Effective income tax rate	20.20%	14.50%	22.90%

Income Taxes - Income (Loss) fr

Income Taxes - Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S.	$ 132.1	$ 94.8	$ 107.4
Non-U.S.	18.8	22.8	17.2
Income before income taxes	$ 150.9	$ 117.6	$ 124.6

Income Taxes - Deferred Income

Income Taxes - Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred tax assets:
Properties and equipment	$ 3.5	$ 2.8
Accrued expenses	28.7	24.7
Stock-based compensation	3.5	3.3
Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards	18	19.4
Goodwill and intangibles	0.9	1.8
Pension benefits	14.8	15.1
Gross deferred tax assets	69.4	67.1
Valuation allowance	(1)	(5.1)
Total deferred tax assets	68.4	62
Deferred tax liabilities:
Properties and equipment	(35.4)	(31.2)
Pension benefits	(10.1)	(9.2)
Goodwill and intangibles	(63.1)	(64.4)
Other	(1.9)	(1.9)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(110.5)	(106.7)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$ (42.1)	$ (44.7)

Income Taxes - Summary of Activ

Income Taxes - Summary of Activities Related to Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Balance at January 1	$ 1.2	$ 1.2	$ 1.3
Increases as a result of tax positions taken in the current period	0	0.1	0
Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitations	0	(0.1)	(0.1)
Balance at December 31	$ 1.2	$ 1.2	$ 1.2

Income Taxes - Additional Infor

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax [Line Items]
Income tax expense	$ 30.5	$ 17	$ 28.5
Change in valuation allowance	(4.1)
Change excess tax benefits from stock compensation activity	$ (3.2)	$ 2
Effective income tax rate	20.20%	14.50%	22.90%
Income taxes paid	$ 26.9	$ 35.5	$ 22.3
Statutory federal income tax rate	21%	21%	21%
Deferred tax asset, state net operating loss carryforwards	$ 5.4	$ 6.5
Deferred tax asset, foreign net operating loss carryforwards	9.7	9.8
Deferred tax asset, state tax tax credit carryforwards	0.3	0.3
Deferred tax asset, U.S. foreign tax credits carryforwards	2.6	2.8
Total deferred tax assets	68.4	62
Valuation allowance	1	5.1
Accrual for interest and penalties	0.4	0.4
Reserves for unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties	1.6	1.6
Unrecognized tax benefits	1.2	1.2	$ 1.2	$ 1.3
Tax Benefit From Remeasurement of Deferred Taxes For Changes in State Tax Apportionment		3.3
Other Deferred Tax Assets
Income Tax [Line Items]
Valuation allowance	0.3
U.S. state
Income Tax [Line Items]
Change in valuation allowance		3.4
Valuation allowance	0.7
U.S. federal
Income Tax [Line Items]
Change in valuation allowance	2.6
Foreign
Income Tax [Line Items]
Change in valuation allowance	1.1
Deferred tax liabilities
Income Tax [Line Items]
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 0.1	$ 0.1

Pension and Other Post-Employ_3

Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans - Schedule of Net Periodic Pension (Benefit) Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Pension settlement charges	$ 0	$ 10.3	$ 0
U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	0	0	0
Interest cost	4.4	4.9	5.8
Expected return on plan assets	(6.9)	(9.6)	(9.2)
Amortization of prior service costs	0	0	0
Amortization of actuarial losses	2.3	3.9	3.2
Pension settlement charges	0	10.3	0
Net periodic pension (benefit) expense	(0.2)	9.5	(0.2)
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	0.1	0.2	0.2
Interest cost	0.9	0.7	1
Expected return on plan assets	(2)	(2)	(1.9)
Amortization of prior service costs	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amortization of actuarial losses	0.6	0.8	0.5
Pension settlement charges	0	0	0
Net periodic pension (benefit) expense	$ (0.3)	$ (0.1)	$ (0.1)

Pension and Other Post-Employ_4

Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans - Summary of Weighted-Average Actuarial Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
U.S. Benefit Plan
Schedule of Net Periodic Benefit Costs Weighted Average Assumptions [Line Items]
Discount rate	3.10%	2.80%	3.50%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	6.10%	7.40%	7.40%
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
Schedule of Net Periodic Benefit Costs Weighted Average Assumptions [Line Items]
Discount rate	1.80%	1.30%	2%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	4%	3.50%	3.60%

Pension and Other Post-Employ_5

Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans - Summary of Changes in Projected Benefit Obligation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Defined Benefit Plan, Benefit Obligation, Payment for Settlement	$ (25)
U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Benefit obligation, beginning of year	142	$ 180.2
Service cost	0	0	$ 0
Interest cost	4.4	4.9	5.8
Actuarial loss	(29)	(8.4)
Benefits and expenses paid	(8.4)	(9.3)
Settlement payments	0	(25.4)
Foreign currency translation	0	0
Benefit obligation, end of year	109	142	180.2
Accumulated benefit obligation, end of year	109	142
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Benefit obligation, beginning of year	52.8	57.6
Service cost	0.1	0.2	0.2
Interest cost	0.9	0.7	1
Actuarial loss	(13.4)	(1.8)
Benefits and expenses paid	(2.6)	(3.4)
Settlement payments	0	0
Foreign currency translation	(5.4)	(0.5)
Benefit obligation, end of year	32.4	52.8	$ 57.6
Accumulated benefit obligation, end of year	$ 32.4	$ 52.8

Pension and Other Post-Employ_6

Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans - Summary of Weighted-Average Assumptions Used in Determining Benefit Obligations (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
U.S. Benefit Plan
Schedule of Net Periodic Benefit Costs Weighted Average Assumptions [Line Items]
Discount rate	5.70%	3.10%
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
Schedule of Net Periodic Benefit Costs Weighted Average Assumptions [Line Items]
Discount rate	4.80%	1.80%

Pension and Other Post-Employ_7

Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans - Summary of Change in Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
U.S. Benefit Plan
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year		$ 120.2	$ 142.5
Actual return on plan assets	[1]	(24.8)	10.5
Company contribution		0	1.9
Benefits and expenses paid		(8.4)	(9.3)
Defined benefit plan, payment for settlement		0	25.4
Foreign currency translation		0	0
Fair value of plan assets, end of year		87	120.2
Fees, commissions and other expense paid from plan assets		1.5	2.2
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year		56.5	57.4
Actual return on plan assets		(14.2)	1.9
Company contribution		0.9	1.2
Benefits and expenses paid		(2.6)	(3.4)
Defined benefit plan, payment for settlement		0	0
Foreign currency translation		(5.8)	(0.6)
Fair value of plan assets, end of year		$ 34.8	$ 56.5

[1]Actual (loss) return on plan assets of the U.S. benefit plan for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, was net of fees, commissions and other expenses paid from plan assets of $1.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

Pension and Other Post-Employ_8

Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans - Summary of Pension Assets in Three-Tier Fair Value Hierarchy for Benefit Plan (Details) - USD ($)		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Receivables		$ 500,000	$ 500,000
U.S. Benefit Plan
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		87,000,000	120,200,000	$ 142,500,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Total
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value	[1]	86,500,000	119,700,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Total \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		4,100,000	3,600,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Total \| US Large Cap
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		10,900,000	14,300,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Total \| US Small and Mid Cap
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		13,600,000	17,500,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Total \| Developed international
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		5,500,000	10,100,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Total \| Emerging markets
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		2,900,000	3,900,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 1
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		38,200,000	48,700,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 1 \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		4,100,000	3,600,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 1 \| US Large Cap
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		10,800,000	14,200,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 1 \| US Small and Mid Cap
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		13,600,000	17,500,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 1 \| Developed international
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		4,800,000	7,000,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 1 \| Emerging markets
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		2,000,000	2,600,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 2
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		48,300,000	71,000,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 2 \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 2 \| US Large Cap
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		100,000	100,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 2 \| US Small and Mid Cap
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 2 \| Developed international
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		700,000	3,100,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 2 \| Emerging markets
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		900,000	1,300,000
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 3
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 3 \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 3 \| US Large Cap
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 3 \| US Small and Mid Cap
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 3 \| Developed international
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 3 \| Emerging markets
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		34,800,000	56,500,000	$ 57,400,000
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Total
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		34,800,000	56,500,000
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Total \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		7,400,000	5,400,000
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Total \| Government securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		4,000,000	18,100,000
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Total \| Diversified investment funds
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value	[2]	15,300,000	23,300,000
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Total \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		4,100,000	5,100,000
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Total \| Insurance-linked securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		4,000,000	4,600,000
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 1
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		900,000	800,000
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 1 \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		900,000	800,000
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 1 \| Government securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 1 \| Diversified investment funds
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value	[2]	0	0
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 1 \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 1 \| Insurance-linked securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 2
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		29,900,000	51,100,000
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 2 \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		6,500,000	4,600,000
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 2 \| Government securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		4,000,000	18,100,000
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 2 \| Diversified investment funds
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value	[2]	15,300,000	23,300,000
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 2 \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		4,100,000	5,100,000
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 2 \| Insurance-linked securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 3
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		4,000,000	4,600,000
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 3 \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 3 \| Government securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 3 \| Diversified investment funds
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value	[2]	0	0
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 3 \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 3 \| Insurance-linked securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		4,000,000	4,600,000
Fixed Income Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan \| Total \| Government securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		2,900,000	3,800,000
Fixed Income Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan \| Total \| Asset-backed securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		200,000	300,000
Fixed Income Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan \| Total \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		46,400,000	66,200,000
Fixed Income Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 1 \| Government securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		2,900,000	3,800,000
Fixed Income Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 1 \| Asset-backed securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
Fixed Income Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 1 \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
Fixed Income Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 2 \| Government securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
Fixed Income Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 2 \| Asset-backed securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		200,000	300,000
Fixed Income Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 2 \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		46,400,000	66,200,000
Fixed Income Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 3 \| Government securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
Fixed Income Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 3 \| Asset-backed securities
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		0	0
Fixed Income Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan \| Level 3 \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value Hierarchy Of Plan Assets By Category [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value		$ 0	$ 0

[1]Total assets at fair value in the table above exclude a net receivable of $0.5 million and $0.5 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.[2]These funds primarily invest in a diversified portfolio of equity securities and fixed income securities.

Pension and Other Post-Employ_9

Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans - Summary of Funded Status (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
U.S. Benefit Plan
Funded Status of Plan
Fair value of plan assets, end of year	$ 87	$ 120.2	$ 142.5
Benefit obligation, end of year	109	142	180.2
Funded status, end of year	(22)	(21.8)
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
Funded Status of Plan
Fair value of plan assets, end of year	34.8	56.5	57.4
Benefit obligation, end of year	32.4	52.8	$ 57.6
Funded status, end of year	$ 2.4	$ 3.7

Pension and Other Post-Emplo_10

Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans - Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
U.S. Benefit Plan
Amounts recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets include:
Deferred charges and other long-term assets	$ 0	$ 0
Long-term pension and other post-retirement benefit liabilities	(22)	(21.8)
Net (liability) asset recorded	(22)	(21.8)
Amounts recognized In Accumulated other comprehensive loss include:
Actuarial losses	58.1	57.7
Prior service costs	0	0
Net amount recognized, pre-tax	58.1	57.7
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
Amounts recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets include:
Deferred charges and other long-term assets	2.4	3.7
Long-term pension and other post-retirement benefit liabilities	0	0
Net (liability) asset recorded	2.4	3.7
Amounts recognized In Accumulated other comprehensive loss include:
Actuarial losses	17.3	16.9
Prior service costs	2	2.4
Net amount recognized, pre-tax	$ 19.3	$ 19.3

Pension and Other Post-Emplo_11

Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans - Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
U.S. Benefit Plan
Expected Payments For Defined Benefit Plans
2023	$ 8.2
2024	8.4
2025	8.7
2026	8.7
2027	8.8
2028-2032	43.1
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
Expected Payments For Defined Benefit Plans
2023	2.6
2024	2.5
2025	2.6
2026	2.4
2027	2.4
2028-2032	$ 11.6

Pension and Other Post-Emplo_12

Pension and Other Post-Employment Plans - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 05, 2021 retireesAndBeneficiaries	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of company sponsored defined benefit pension plans		2
Pension settlement charges		$ 0	$ 10.3	$ 0
Cost of defined contribution pension plans		9.9	8.9	7.7
Deferred compensation liability		15.3	16.8
Defined benefit plan responsibility transferred number of retirees and beneficiaries \| retireesAndBeneficiaries	800
Other Expense
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Withdrawal charge			0.3	2.3
U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Pension settlement charges		0	10.3	$ 0
Defined benefit plan, payment for settlement		$ 0	$ 25.4
Weighted-average target return of pension plans		6.10%	7.40%	7.40%
Expected contribution to defined benefit plan		$ 1.4
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Pension settlement charges		0	$ 0	$ 0
Defined benefit plan, payment for settlement		$ 0	$ 0
Weighted-average target return of pension plans		4%	3.50%	3.60%
Expected amortization of actuarial loss in next fiscal year		$ 2.2
Expected amortization of prior service cost in next fiscal year		0.1
Expected contribution to defined benefit plan		$ 0.9
Maximum \| Equity Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target asset allocation		44%
Maximum \| Equity Securities \| Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target asset allocation		35%
Maximum \| Fixed Income Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target asset allocation		69%
Maximum \| Cash and cash equivalents \| U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target asset allocation		20%
Maximum \| Debt Securities \| Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target asset allocation		75%
Minimum \| Equity Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target asset allocation		29%
Minimum \| Equity Securities \| Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target asset allocation		25%
Minimum \| Fixed Income Securities \| U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target asset allocation		54%
Minimum \| Cash and cash equivalents \| U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target asset allocation		0%
Minimum \| Debt Securities \| Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target asset allocation		65%

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Changes in Company's Warranty Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]
Balance at January 1	$ 9.7	$ 10.2
Provisions to expense	6.8	6.9
Acquisitions	0	0.4
Payments	(7.2)	(7.7)
Foreign currency translation	0	(0.1)
Balance at December 31	$ 9.3	$ 9.7

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Commitments Disclosure [Line Items]
Amount outstanding performance and financial standby letters of credit	$ 35
Minimum
Commitments Disclosure [Line Items]
Warranty period	1 year
Maximum
Commitments Disclosure [Line Items]
Warranty period	5 years
Property Lease Guarantee
Commitments Disclosure [Line Items]
Repurchase obligation, single year potential cash payments	$ 2
Repurchase obligation, maximum potential cash payments	2
Property Lease Guarantee \| Affiliated entity
Commitments Disclosure [Line Items]
Repurchase obligation, maximum potential cash payments	$ 1.2

Legal Proceedings - Additional

Legal Proceedings - Additional Information (Details)

1 Months Ended

2 Months Ended

4 Months Ended

5 Months Ended

6 Months Ended

7 Months Ended

10 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

36 Months Ended

72 Months Ended

Dec. 20, 2021 USD ($) Plaintiff

Nov. 04, 2019 Plaintiff

Jul. 05, 2018 Plaintiff plaintiff

Feb. 05, 2018 Plaintiff

Jun. 28, 2017 Plaintiff

Apr. 25, 2017 USD ($)

Feb. 24, 2017 Plaintiff

May 13, 2016 case Plaintiff

Jan. 12, 2015 Plaintiff

Sep. 17, 2014 case Plaintiff

Apr. 29, 2011 USD ($)

Apr. 22, 2011 USD ($)

Jul. 31, 2022 USD ($)

Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) case Plaintiff

Nov. 30, 2017 plaintiff

Sep. 30, 2017 Plaintiff

Aug. 31, 2017 Case

Dec. 31, 2016 Plaintiff

Aug. 31, 2016 plaintiff

May 31, 2016 Plaintiff

Nov. 30, 2015 Plaintiff

Feb. 28, 2015 Plaintiff

Jan. 31, 2015 case Plaintiff Case

Dec. 31, 2014 Plaintiff

Mar. 31, 2014 Plaintiff

Dec. 31, 2012 Plaintiff

Nov. 30, 2011 Plaintiff

Sep. 30, 2017 Plaintiff

Jan. 31, 2015 case

Jul. 31, 2013 Plaintiff

Apr. 22, 2011 Plaintiff

May 31, 2016 case

Dec. 31, 2015 case Plaintiff

Oct. 31, 2016 Plaintiff Case

May 31, 2017 Plaintiff

Nov. 30, 2016 plaintiff

Oct. 31, 2012 Case Plaintiff

Jan. 31, 2016 Plaintiff Case

Nov. 05, 2015 Case

Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) Plaintiff

Dec. 31, 2013 plaintiff

Dec. 31, 2012 Plaintiff

Dec. 31, 2010 case

Dec. 31, 2010 plaintiff

Dec. 31, 2010 Plaintiff

Dec. 31, 2010 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2009 USD ($) case Plaintiff plaintiff

Dec. 31, 2008 Plaintiff

Dec. 31, 2009 case

Dec. 31, 2009 Plaintiff

Dec. 31, 2009 Case

Dec. 31, 2004 case plaintiff

Jan. 04, 2011 Plaintiff

Loss Contingencies

Settlement offer per eligible plaintiff who has already filed a lawsuit | $

$ 700

Settlement offer per eligible plaintiff who has not already filed a lawsuit | $

$ 300

Number of firefighters considered as part of the settlement

2,160

Number of plaintiffs cases dismissed

Loss Contingency, Settlement [Abstract]

Litigation Settlement, Amount Awarded from Other Party | $

$ 100,000

Chicago Firefighter Plaintiffs

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

1,770

Erie County Firefighter Plaintiffs

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

Responsive Settlement Candidates

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

717

SettlementCandidates [Domain]

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

462

1,090

Settlement Agreement

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

1,069

Hearing loss settlement | $

$ 3,800,000

Percentage of claimants agreed for settlement

93%

95%

Percentage of claimants agreed for settlement as per settlement agreement

100%

Litigation settlement, amount awarded to other party | $

$ 3,600,000

Circuit Court Of Cook County

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs | plaintiff

2,443

Number of new claims filed | case

Number of claimants settled

308

Number of claims settled and dismissed

Court Of Common Pleas Philadelphia County

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

Number of new claims filed

Damages maximum amount | $

$ 100,000

Number of claimants settled

1,125

Number of claims dismissed | Case

Number of claims settled and dismissed

Supreme Court of Kings County New York

Loss Contingencies

Number of claims dismissed | case

SettlementAgreementVoidable

Loss Contingencies

Percentage of claimants agreed for settlement as per settlement agreement

93%

SettlementAgreementVoid

Loss Contingencies

Percentage of claimants agreed for settlement as per settlement agreement

70%

Erie County Firefighter Plaintiffs | Court Of Common Pleas Philadelphia County

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

Outside Pennsylvania Firefighter Plaintiffs | Court Of Common Pleas Philadelphia County

Loss Contingencies

Number of new claims filed | Case

District of Columbia Firefighter Plaintiffs | Federal Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

193

Number of new claims filed | case

Pennsylvania Firefighter Plaintiffs | Circuit Court Of Cook County

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs | plaintiff

299

Pennsylvania Firefighter Plaintiffs | Court Of Common Pleas Philadelphia County

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

100

Outside Chicago Firefighter Plaintiffs

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

1,800

Outside Chicago Firefighter Plaintiffs | Circuit Court Of Cook County

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs | plaintiff

1,800

Outside Chicago Firefighter Plaintiffs | CookCountyandDupageCounty

Loss Contingencies

Litigation settlement, amount awarded to other party | $

$ 200,000

Lackawanna Firefighter Plaintiffs | Lackawanna County Pennsylvania

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

Number of new claims filed | Case

Florida Firefighters Plaintiffs

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

166

Chicago Firefighter Plaintiffs

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

Chicago Firefighter Plaintiffs | Maximum

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

Chicago Firefighter Plaintiffs | Minimum

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs | plaintiff

Chicago Firefighter Plaintiffs | Circuit Court Of Cook County

Loss Contingencies

Litigation settlement, amount awarded to other party | $

$ 700

$ 400,000

New Jersey Firefighter Plaintiffs

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

Number of new claims filed | case

New Jersey Firefighter Plaintiffs | Superior Court of New Jersey, Union County

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

Philadelphia Firefighter Plaintiffs | Court Of Common Pleas Philadelphia County

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

Number of cases scheduled | case

Number of new claims filed

Number of claims dismissed

New York City Firefighter Plaintiffs

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

Number of new claims filed | case

New York City Firefighter Plaintiffs | Supreme Court of State of New York, New York County

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

536

235

Number of new claims filed | Case

Pittsburgh Firefighter Plaintiffs | Remaining

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

921

Pittsburgh Firefighter Plaintiffs | Allegheny County Pennsylvania

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

247

Number of new claims filed

Pittsburgh Firefighter Plaintiffs | Allegheny County Pennsylvania | Dismissed

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

Pittsburgh Firefighter Plaintiffs | Allegheny County Pennsylvania | Remaining

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

New Jersey Firefighter Plaintiffs

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

218

194

Number of new claims filed | Case

Buffalo Firefighter Plaintiffs | Supreme Court of State of New York Erie County

Loss Contingencies

Number of plaintiffs

193

Number of new claims filed | case

Earnings Per Share - Computatio

Earnings Per Share - Computation of Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Income from continuing operations	$ 120.4	$ 100.6	$ 96.1
Gain from discontinued operations and disposal, net of tax	0	0	0.1
Net income	$ 120.4	$ 100.6	$ 96.2
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic (shares)	60.5	60.8	60.3
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents (shares)	0.7	1.1	1.4
Weighted average shares outstanding - Diluted (shares)	61.2	61.9	61.7
Basic earnings per share:
Earnings from continuing operations (usd per share)	$ 1.99	$ 1.65	$ 1.59
Earnings from discontinued operations and disposal, net of tax (usd per share)	0	0	0
Net earnings per share (usd per share)	1.99	1.65	1.59
Diluted earnings per share:
Earnings from continuing operations (usd per share)	1.97	1.63	1.56
Earnings from discontinued operations and disposal, net of tax (usd per share)	0	0	0
Net earnings per share (usd per share)	$ 1.97	$ 1.63	$ 1.56

Earnings Per Share - Additional

Earnings Per Share - Additional Information (Details) - shares shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Stock Options
Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS	0.3	0.2	0.5

Stock-Based Compensation - Assu

Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Dividend yield	1%	0.80%	1.20%
Expected volatility	32.70%	33%	33%
Risk free interest rate	3%	1.10%	0.50%
Weighted average expected option life in years	6 years 10 months 24 days	6 years 4 months 24 days	6 years 2 months 12 days
PSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Dividend yield	1%
Expected volatility	34.40%
Risk free interest rate	2.80%
Correlation Between TSR for the Company and the S&P 600 Capital Goods Index	52.30%
Risk free interest rate S&P 600 Capital Goods Index	2.80%
Expected volatility S&P 600 Capital Goods Index	50.50%

Stock-Based Compensation - Stoc

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Option Activity (Details) - $ / shares shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Option Shares
Outstanding at beginning of year (shares)	1.4	2	2.3
Granted (shares)	0.2	0.2	0.3
Exercised (shares)	(0.4)	(0.8)	(0.6)
Canceled or expired (shares)	0	0	0
Outstanding at end of year (shares)	1.2	1.4	2
Exercisable at end of year (shares)	0.8	1	1.5
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of year (usd per share)	$ 23.58	$ 17.52	$ 13.87
Granted (usd per share)	35.80	42.84	27.82
Exercised (usd per share)	16.09	12.12	7.85
Canceled or expired (usd per share)	33.89	30.76	26.44
Outstanding at end of year (usd per share)	27.40	23.58	17.52
Exercisable at end of year (usd per share)	$ 23.60	$ 19.15	$ 14.37

Stock-Based Compensation - Summ

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Options Outstanding (Details) - $ / shares shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Options Outstanding By Exercise Price [Line Items]
Options Outstanding, Shares	1.2	1.4	2	2.3
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Life	6 years 4 months 24 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 27.40	$ 23.58	$ 17.52	$ 13.87
Options Exercisable, Shares	0.8	1	1.5
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 23.60	$ 19.15	$ 14.37
$5.01 — 10.00
Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Options Outstanding By Exercise Price [Line Items]
Range lower (usd per share)	5.01
Range upper (usd per share)	$ 10
Options Outstanding, Shares	0
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Life	4 months 24 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 8.40
Options Exercisable, Shares	0
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 8.40
10.01 — 15.00
Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Options Outstanding By Exercise Price [Line Items]
Range lower (usd per share)	10.01
Range upper (usd per share)	$ 15
Options Outstanding, Shares	0.1
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Life	3 years
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 12.88
Options Exercisable, Shares	0.1
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 12.88
15.01 — 20.00
Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Options Outstanding By Exercise Price [Line Items]
Range lower (usd per share)	15.01
Range upper (usd per share)	$ 20
Options Outstanding, Shares	0.1
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Life	3 years 10 months 24 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 16.82
Options Exercisable, Shares	0.1
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 16.82
20.01 — 25.00
Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Options Outstanding By Exercise Price [Line Items]
Range lower (usd per share)	20.01
Range upper (usd per share)	$ 25
Options Outstanding, Shares	0.2
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Life	5 years 3 months 18 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 23.14
Options Exercisable, Shares	0.2
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 23.14
25.01 — 30.00
Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Options Outstanding By Exercise Price [Line Items]
Range lower (usd per share)	25.01
Range upper (usd per share)	$ 30
Options Outstanding, Shares	0.4
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Life	6 years 9 months 18 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 27.58
Options Exercisable, Shares	0.3
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 27.53
30.01 — 35.00
Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Options Outstanding By Exercise Price [Line Items]
Range lower (usd per share)	30.01
Range upper (usd per share)	$ 35
Options Outstanding, Shares	0
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Life	0 years
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 0
Options Exercisable, Shares	0
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 0
35.01 — 40.00
Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Options Outstanding By Exercise Price [Line Items]
Range lower (usd per share)	35.01
Range upper (usd per share)	$ 40
Options Outstanding, Shares	0.2
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Life	9 years 3 months 18 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 35.80
Options Exercisable, Shares	0
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 0
40.01 — 45.00
Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Options Outstanding By Exercise Price [Line Items]
Range lower (usd per share)	40.01
Range upper (usd per share)	$ 45
Options Outstanding, Shares	0.2
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Life	8 years 2 months 12 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 42.86
Options Exercisable, Shares	0.1
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (usd per share)	$ 42.86

Stock-Based Compensation - Su_2

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Restricted Stock Grants and PSUs (Details) shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Restricted Stock
Number of Restricted Shares
Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2021 \| shares	0.2
Granted \| shares	0.2
Vested \| shares	(0.1)
Forfeited \| shares	0
Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2022 \| shares	0.3
Weighted Average Price per Share
Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2021 \| $ / shares	$ 32.15
Granted \| $ / shares	35.60
Vested \| $ / shares	28.35
Forfeited \| $ / shares	34.99
Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2022 \| $ / shares	$ 34.93
PSUs
Number of Restricted Shares
Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2021 \| shares	0.2
Granted \| shares	0.1
Vested \| shares	(0.1)
Forfeited \| shares	0
Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2022 \| shares	0.2
Weighted Average Price per Share
Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2021 \| $ / shares	$ 34.87
Granted \| $ / shares	35.82
Vested \| $ / shares	28.04
Forfeited \| $ / shares	37.97
Outstanding and non-vested, at December 31, 2022 \| $ / shares	$ 39.83

Stock-Based Compensation - Addi

Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized under stock compensation plan	11
Shares available for grant under stock compensation plan	5.2
Share-based compensation expense	$ 10.2	$ 7.6	$ 8.4
Tax benefit from share-based compensation expense	$ 1.9	$ 1.5	$ 1.7
Vesting period	3 years
Weighted average fair value of options granted (usd per share)	$ 12.64	$ 13.54	$ 7.86
Stock options, vested and expected to vest, outstanding (shares)	1.2
Stock options, vested and expected to vest, weighted average exercise price (usd per share)	$ 27.24
Exercisable at end of year (shares)	0.8	1	1.5
Stock options, expected to vest (shares)	0.4
Stock options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 22.8
Stock options exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value	19
Stock options exercised during the period, total intrinsic value	9.7	$ 22.7	$ 13.9
Tax benefit from stock options exercised	2.5	5.7	3.3
Proceeds from stock compensation activity	0.2	4.2	0.6
Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Compensation expense related to share-based compensation plans	2.1	2	1.8
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 2.8
Weighted-average recognition period for unrecognized compensation cost	1 year 10 months 24 days
Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Compensation expense related to share-based compensation plans	$ 3.8	2.6	2.5
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 4.2
Weighted-average recognition period for unrecognized compensation cost	1 year 8 months 12 days
Grant-date fair value of awards vested	$ 2.1	1.9	1.7
PSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Compensation expense related to share-based compensation plans	4.3	3	4.1
Unrecognized compensation cost, performance share units	$ 4.7
Weighted-average recognition period for unrecognized compensation cost	1 year 9 months 18 days
Grant-date fair value of awards vested	$ 4	$ 2.6	$ 5.4
Minimum \| PSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	0%
Maximum \| PSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	200%
Vesting Percentage with TSR Modifier	240%
Performance-based Restricted Stock Units, 2022 Grants [Member] \| PSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance share units performance period	3 years
Performance-based Restricted Stock Units, 2021 Grants [Member] \| PSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance share units performance period	3 years
Performance-based Restricted Stock Units, 2020 Grants \| PSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance share units performance period	3 years
Vesting percentage	125%

Stockholders' Equity - Change i

Stockholders' Equity - Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ (74.2)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	(9.8)	$ 17.5	$ (2.6)
Ending balance	(84)	(74.2)
Actuarial Losses
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(67.9)	(88.2)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(2.9)	9.1
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	2.2	11.2
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	(0.7)	20.3
Ending balance	(68.6)	(67.9)	(88.2)
Prior Service Costs
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(2.4)	(2.6)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	0.3	0
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0.1	0.2
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	0.4	0.2
Ending balance	(2)	(2.4)	(2.6)
Foreign Currency Translation
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(3.4)	1.3
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(12.6)	(4.7)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0	0
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	(12.6)	(4.7)
Ending balance	(16)	(3.4)	1.3
Interest Rate Swaps
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(0.5)	(2.2)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	2.9	1
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0.2	0.7
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	3.1	1.7
Ending balance	2.6	(0.5)	(2.2)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(74.2)	(91.7)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(12.3)	5.4
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	2.5	12.1
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	(9.8)	17.5	(2.6)
Ending balance	$ (84)	$ (74.2)	$ (91.7)

Stockholders' Equity - Reclassi

Stockholders' Equity - Reclassifications from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Amortization of actuarial losses of defined benefit pension plans	$ (2.9)	$ (4.7)
Amortization of prior service costs of defined benefit pension plans	(0.1)	(0.2)
Total before tax	(3.2)	(16.1)
Income tax benefit	0.7	4
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	(2.5)	(12.1)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Amortization of actuarial losses of defined benefit pension plans	0	(10.3)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), Reclassification, before Tax	$ (0.2)	$ (0.9)

Stockholders' Equity - Addition

Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized		90,000,000
Common stock, par value (usd per share)		$ 1
Common stock, shares issued		69,500,000	68,900,000
Common stock, shares outstanding		60,700,000	60,900,000
Preference stock, shares authorized		800,000
Preference stock, par value (usd per share)		$ 1
Cash dividends declared per common share (usd per share)		$ 0.36	$ 0.36	$ 0.32
Shares acquired		472,381	361,804	498,217
Purchases of treasury stock		$ 16,100,000	$ 15,400,000	$ 13,700,000
Cash dividends paid to stockholders		$ 21,800,000	$ 22,000,000	$ 19,400,000
Subsequent Event
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cash dividends declared per common share (usd per share)	$ 0.09
March 2020 Repurchase Program
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Share repurchase program, authorized amount					$ 75,000,000

Segment Information - Summary o

Segment Information - Summary of Continuing Operations by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 1,434.8	$ 1,213.2	$ 1,130.8
Operating income	160.8	130.7	131.4
Interest expense	10.3	4.5	5.7
Debt settlement charges	0.1	0	0
Debt Related Commitment Fees and Debt Issuance Costs		0	0
Pension settlement charges	0	10.3	0
Other (income) expense, net	(0.5)	(1.7)	1.1
Income before income taxes	150.9	117.6	124.6
Total depreciation and amortization	54.7	50.4	44.8
Total assets	1,524.3	1,366.1	1,208.8
Total capital expenditures	53	37.4	29.7
Continuing operations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	1,524.3	1,366.1	1,208.6
Discontinued operations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	0	0	0.2
Environmental Solutions
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	1,190.6	1,004	915.8
Operating income	144.5	120.5	124.3
Total depreciation and amortization	50.3	46.7	41.3
Total assets	1,206.4	1,098.2	926.8
Total capital expenditures	19.4	34.3	24.4
Safety And Security Systems
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	244.2	209.2	215
Operating income	40.8	32.7	35.5
Total depreciation and amortization	4.2	3.6	3.4
Total assets	279.3	226.9	225.5
Total capital expenditures	32.4	2.8	4.1
Corporate
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating income	(24.5)	(22.5)	(28.4)
Total depreciation and amortization	0.2	0.1	0.1
Total assets	38.6	41	56.3
Total capital expenditures	$ 1.2	$ 0.3	$ 1.2

Segment Information - Segment I

Segment Information - Segment Information Classified Based on Geographic Location (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 1,434.8	$ 1,213.2	$ 1,130.8
Long-lived assets	313.1	280.1	242.1
U.S.
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	1,149.8	926.8	872.2
Long-lived assets	249.4	219.9	177.4
Canada
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	175.3	192.4	160.5
Long-lived assets	59.1	56.3	60.4
Europe/Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	109.7	94	98.1
Long-lived assets	$ 4.6	$ 3.9	$ 4.3

Segment Information - Additiona

Segment Information - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) Segment	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments \| Segment	2
Net sales	$ 1,434.8	$ 1,213.2	$ 1,130.8
Non-US
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	285	286.4	258.6
Exports From U.S. To Other Regions
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 88.8	77	69.7
Environmental Solutions
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of operating segments \| Segment	2
Net sales	$ 1,190.6	$ 1,004	$ 915.8

Fair Value Measurements - Asset

Fair Value Measurements - Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value (Details) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	$ 0.2	$ 0.1
Contingent consideration	2.7	2.7
Interest rate swaps	0.3	0.7
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	0.2	0.1
Contingent consideration	0	0
Interest rate swaps	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	0	0
Contingent consideration	0	0
Interest rate swaps	0.3	0.7
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	0	0
Contingent consideration	2.7	2.7
Interest rate swaps	$ 0	$ 0

Fair Value Measurements - Unobs

Fair Value Measurements - Unobservable Input Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Contingent consideration liability, at January 1	$ 2.7	$ 4.2
Issuance of contingent consideration in connection with acquisitions	0	2
Total losses included in earnings	0	(3.5)
Contingent consideration liability, at December 31	$ 2.7	$ 2.7
Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Acquisition and integration-related (benefits) expenses	Acquisition and integration-related (benefits) expenses

Fair Value Measurements - Addit

Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 30, 2021 USD ($)
Deist
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration maximum	$ 7.5

Subsequent Events (Details)

Subsequent Events (Details) - Subsequent Event $ in Millions, $ in Millions	Feb. 23, 2023 USD ($)	Feb. 23, 2023 CAD ($)	Jan. 03, 2023 USD ($)	Feb. 23, 2023 CAD ($)
Blasters
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Purchase price, subject to post-closing adjustments			$ 13.4
Contingent consideration maximum			$ 8
Trackless
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Purchase price, subject to post-closing adjustments	$ 40	$ 54
Contingent consideration maximum	$ 4.4			$ 6