Enservco (ENSV) 10-K2022 FY Annual report

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-K

 

☒  ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022

 

☐  TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the transition period from _______ to ______

 

Commission File Number: 001-36335

 

 

ENSERVCO CORPORATION

 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware		84-0811316
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)
14133 County Road 9 1/2 Longmont, CO		80504
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number: (303) 333-3678

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act:

 

Title of each class		Ticker Symbol		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.005 par value		ENSV		NYSE American

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act: None

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act:  ☐  Yes   ☑  No

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act:  ☐  Yes   ☑  No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  ☑ Yes  ☐ No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   ☑   Yes     ☐  No

 

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Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.     ☑

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

	Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer                  ☐
	Non-accelerated filer   ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
		Emerging growth company ☐

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

 

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.              

 

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Yes ☐ No ☑

 

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was $20.9 million based upon the closing sale price of the Registrant's common stock of $1.96 as of June 30, 2022, the last trading day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

 

As of March 22, 2023, there were 15,788,846 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding.

 

 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates information by reference from the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the close of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

 

 

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT

 REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Annual Report") contains certain statements that are, or may be deemed to be, "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as "may," "anticipate," "should," "could," "project," "intend," "estimate," "expect," "believe," "predict," "budget," "goal," "plan," "forecast," "target" and other similar expressions. 

All statements, other than statements of historical facts, contained in this Annual Report are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include projections of our future financial performance based on our growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

While we believe we have identified the material risks and uncertainties, and the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Many factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from what is expressed in or indicated by the forward-looking statements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all risks and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties set forth in the section of this Annual Report entitled "Risk Factors" and elsewhere throughout this Annual Report, as well as the following factors:

All forward-looking statements, express or implied, contained in this Annual Report are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement, and undue reliance should not be placed on the forward-looking statements. This cautionary statement should also be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue. Except as otherwise required by applicable law, we disclaim any duty to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

Enservco Corporation ("Enservco") through its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the "Company," "we" or "us") provides various services to the domestic onshore oil and natural gas industry. These services include hot oiling and acidizing ("Production Services") and frac water heating ("Completion and Other Services").

We and our wholly owned subsidiaries provide well enhancement and fluid management services to the domestic onshore oil and natural gas industry. These services include hot oiling and acidizing and frac water heating. We own and operate a fleet of approximately 350 specialized trucks, trailers, frac tanks and other well-site related equipment and serve customers in several major domestic oil and gas areas, including the Denver-Julesburg Basin ("DJ Basin")/Niobrara area in Colorado and Wyoming, the Bakken area in North Dakota, the San Juan Basin in northwestern New Mexico, the Marcellus and Utica Shale areas in Pennsylvania and Ohio, the Jonah area, Green River and Powder River Basins in Wyoming, and the Eagle Ford Shale and East Texas Oilfield in Texas.

The Company’s corporate offices are located at 14133 County Road 9 1/2, Longmont, CO 80504. Our telephone number is (303) 333-3678. Our website is www.enservco.com.

Recent Developments

On February 22, 2023, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain investors (“Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Investors in a best-efforts public offering (the “February 2023 Public Offering”) (i) 3,900,000 shares of Company common stock, (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase 3,100,000 shares of Company common stock and (iii) common warrants to purchase 7,000,000 shares of Company common stock. The shares of common stock, or pre-funded warrants in lieu thereof, and the common warrants were sold in units, with each unit consisting of one share of common stock or one pre-funded warrant in lieu thereof and one common warrant. Each unit comprised of common stock and common warrants were sold at a per unit price of $0.50. Each unit comprised of pre-funded warrants and common warrants were sold at a per unit price of $0.495, which represents the same per unit price less the $0.005 per share exercise price of the pre-funded warrants. The Common Warrants are exercisable at a price of $0.55 per share, and have a five year term. The net proceeds from the February 2023 Public Offering were $3.2 million, after deducting Placement Agent fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company intends to use the net proceeds for (i) general corporate purposes and (ii) potential future acquisitions. General corporate purposes may include working capital, general and administrative expenses, and repayment of outstanding indebtedness. We may use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire complementary technologies or businesses; however, we currently have no agreements or commitments to complete any such transactions.

On March 28, 2023, Cross River converted approximately $1.1 million principal amount of the March 2022 Convertible Note into 2,275,000 shares of Company common stock. Subject to stockholder approval at the Company’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, Cross River intends to convert the balance of the March 2022 Convertible Note into 322,402 shares of Company common stock and the July 2022 Convertible Note into 2,400,000 shares of Company common stock and 2,400,000 warrants to acquire Company common stock at $0.55 per share.

Recent Market Conditions

The recovery of the economy from the impact of COVID-19, coupled with global demand for energy products due to international conflicts, has generally had a positive impact on oil prices and hence our business. For the year ended December 31, 2022, WTI crude oil price averaged $94.90 per barrel, versus an average of $68.13 per barrel in the comparable 2021 period, which resulted in an increase in rig count within the markets we serve. We continue to feel the impact of the pandemic, domestic political actions and international activities (including the war in Ukraine) which have continued to impact domestic oil and gas industries. While a slow but continual rebound in active domestic rig count has occurred since the historic lows experienced during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic during mid-2020, rig count as of December 31, 2022 remains below pre-pandemic levels at 779 active rigs, compared to 586 active rigs as of December 31, 2021. The Company has experienced increased demand with micro and macro-economic conditions continuing to continued to improve, allowing the Company to anticipate further improvement compared to the prior year.

The Company's expectations for improved activity are somewhat offset by the change in political environment and its uncertain impact on oil exploration and production, as well as increased inflation and rising interest costs. Reductions or limitations in leasing federal property for oil exploration in addition to other measures impacting oil and gas supply and demand have had an impact on the oil exploration and production industry. Finally, to the extent that state and local governments increase regulations, there can be a negative impact to the oil exploration and production industry.

The full extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, OPEC+ actions, USA governmental actions and oil price changes on our operations and financial performance depends on future developments that are uncertain and unpredictable, including any potential resurgence restrictions related to the pandemic, its impact on capital and financial markets, any new information that may emerge concerning the severity of other strains of the virus, its spread to other regions as well as the actions taken to contain it, production response of domestic oil producers to lower oil prices, and the adherence to any actions by OPEC+.

Corporate Structure 

Enservco Corporation ("Enservco") through its wholly owned subsidiary (collectively referred to as the "Company," "we" or "us") provides various services to the domestic onshore oil and natural gas industry. These services include hot oiling and acidizing ("Production Services") and frac water heating ("Completion and Other Services"). Our business operations are conducted through our wholly owned subsidiary, Heat Waves Hot Oil Service LLC ("Heat Waves"), a Colorado limited liability company.

Overview of Business Operations

 We provide well enhancement and fluid management services to the domestic onshore oil and natural gas industry. These services include hot oiling and acidizing and frac water heating. We own and operate a fleet of approximately 350 specialized trucks, trailers, frac tanks and other well-site related equipment and serve customers in several major domestic oil and gas areas, including the DJ Basin/Niobrara area in Colorado and Wyoming, the Bakken area in North Dakota, the San Juan Basin in northwestern New Mexico, the Marcellus and Utica Shale areas in Pennsylvania and Ohio, the Jonah area, Green River and Powder River Basins in Wyoming, and the Eagle Ford Shale and East Texas Oilfield in Texas.

We currently operate in the following geographic regions:

Historically, the Company focused its growth strategy on strategic acquisitions of operating companies and expansion of services through capital investment consisting of the acquisition and fabrication of property and equipment. That strategy also included expanding into new geographical territories as well as expanding the services it provides. These strategies are exemplified by these activities: 

Operating Entities

As noted above, Enservco conducts its business operations and holds assets through its wholly owned subsidiary entity, Heat Waves. Heat Waves provides a range of well stimulation/maintenance services to a diverse group of independent and major oil and natural gas companies. The primary services provided are intended to:

These services consist of hot oiling and acidizing and frac water heating. Heat Waves also provides water hauling and well site construction services, primarily during the warmer seasons. Heat Waves’ operations are currently in the major oil and natural gas areas in Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, West Virginia, and Wyoming.

Areas of Operations

We serve customers in several major domestic oil and gas areas, including the DJ Basin/Niobrara area in Colorado and Wyoming, the Bakken area in North Dakota, the San Juan Basin in northwestern New Mexico, the Marcellus and Utica Shale areas in Pennsylvania and Ohio, the Jonah area, Green River and Powder River Basins in Wyoming, and the Eagle Ford Shale and East Texas Oilfield in Texas.

Operating Segments

Enservco, through its operating subsidiary, provides a range of services to owners and operators of oil and natural gas wells in two primary operating segments; production services ("Production Services") and completion and other services ("Completion and Other Services").

Production Services

The Company's Production Services segment consists of hot oiling services, acidizing, and pressure testing. Production Services operations are currently in Colorado, Wyoming, North Dakota, Montana, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio and Texas. Production Services accounted for 52% of the Company’s total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 59% for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Hot Oiling Services – Hot oiling services involve the circulation of a heated fluid, typically oil, to dissolve, melt, or dislodge paraffin or other hydrocarbon deposits from the tubing of a producing well. Paraffin deposits build up over time from normal production operations, although the rate at which this paraffin builds up depends on the chemical character of the crude oil or natural gas being produced. These services are performed by circulating and heating oil from a well through a hot oiling truck and then pumping it down the casing and back up the tubing to remove the deposits. As of December 31, 2022, Heat Waves owned and operated a fleet of 50 hot oiling trucks. Based on customer needs and seasonal conditions, these vehicles are deployed among the service regions as necessary in seeking to maximize their productive time.

Hot oiling servicing also includes the heating of oil storage tanks. The heating of storage tanks is performed (i) to eliminate frozen water and other soluble waste in the tanks; and (ii) because oil that has been heated flows more efficiently from the tanks to transports hauling oil to the refineries in colder weather.

Acidizing – Acidizing entails pumping large volumes of specially formulated acids and/or chemicals into a well to dissolve materials blocking the flow of the crude oil or natural gas. The acid is pumped into the well under pressure. Acidizing is most often used to increase permeability throughout the formation, clean up formation damage near the wellbore caused by drilling, and to remove buildup of materials restricting the flow of crude oil and gas through perforations in the well casing. For most customers, Heat Waves supplies the acid solution and also pumps that solution into a given well. As of December 31, 2022, Heat Waves owned and operated a small fleet of six acidizing units, each of which consists of a specially designed acid pump truck and an acid transport trailer.

Pressure Testing – Pressure testing consists of pumping fluids into new or existing wells or other components of the well system such as flow lines to detect leaks. Hot oiling trucks and pressure trucks are used to perform this service. 

Completion and Other Services

The Company's Completion and Other Services segment consists of frac water heating and other services. Completion and Other Services operations are currently in Colorado, Wyoming, New Mexico, North Dakota, Montana, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio. Completion and Other Services accounted for 48% of the Company’s total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 41% for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Frac Water Heating – Frac water heating is the process of heating water used in connection with the fracturing process of completing a well. Fracturing services are intended to enhance the production from crude oil and natural gas wells through the creation of conductive flowpaths to enable the hydrocarbons to reach the wellbore where the natural flow has been restricted by underground formations. The fracturing process consists of pumping a fluid slurry, which largely consists of fresh water and a proppant into a well at sufficient pressure to fracture (i.e. create conductive flowpaths) the formation. To ensure these solutions are properly mixed and can flow freely, during certain parts of the year the water frequently needs to be heated to a sufficient temperature as determined by the well owner/operator. As of December 31, 2022, Heat Waves owned and operated a fleet of over 60 frac heaters designed to heat large amounts of water.

Other Services – The Company's other services consist primarily of hauling services where the Company utilizes its operating assets that are not deployed to transport both liquid and dry materials for customers.

Ownership of Company Assets

The Company owns various equipment and other assets to provide its services and products. All of the Company's equipment is pledged as security under the Company's 2022 Master Lease Agreement with Utica Leaseco, LLC ("Utica") as of December 31, 2022, which is more fully described in Note 5 - Debt.

Historically, as supply and demand require, the Company has leased additional trucks and equipment from time to time. These leases are generally for periods of less than one year, and therefore are treated as operating leases for accounting purposes, and the rent expense associated with these leases is reported in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 842, Leases.

Competitive Business Conditions

We face intense competition in our operations. Competition is influenced by factors such as price, capacity, the quality/safety record/availability of equipment and work crews, and the reputation and experience of the service provider. The Company believes that an important competitive factor in establishing and maintaining long-term customer relationships is having an experienced, skilled, and well-trained workforce that is responsive to our customers’ needs. Although we believe customers consider all these factors, price is the primary factor in determining which service provider is awarded work.

The demand for our services fluctuates primarily in relation to the domestic commodity price (or anticipated price) of crude oil and natural gas which, in turn, is largely driven by the domestic and worldwide supply of, and demand for, oil and natural gas, political events, as well as speculation within the financial markets. Demand and prices are often volatile and difficult to predict and depend on events that are not within our control. Generally, as supply of oil and natural gas decreases and demand increases, service and maintenance requirements increase as oil and natural gas producers drill new wells and attempt to maximize the productivity of their existing wells to take advantage of the higher priced environment. Conversely, as the supply of commodities increase and demand and crude oil and natural gas prices fall, oil and gas producers drill fewer wells and scale back or suspend service and maintenance work, and put significant pressure on well services providers such as us to reduce prices for our services. Throughout 2020 and 2021, due to depressed crude oil demand and prices resulting from the ongoing impacts of COVID-19, our customers reduced significantly their work orders and demand for our services as well as for the well services of our competitors, which required us to reduce our prices in order to obtain or maintain our business with them. While crude oil prices and demand rebounded in 2022, due to the Russian war with Ukraine and the lessening impacts from COVID-19, we continue to expect that price competition will continue to be intense throughout much of 2023, as oil prices and demand could stabilize or possibly decline in 2023.

The Company’s competition primarily consists of small and large regional or local contractors. The Company attempts to differentiate itself from its competition in large part through its range, availability, and quality of services it has the capability to provide. The Company has invested a significant amount of capital into purchasing, developing, and maintaining a fleet of trucks and other equipment that are critical to the services it provides. Further, the Company concentrates on providing services to a diverse group of major and independent oil and natural gas companies in a number of geographical areas. 

Dependence on One or a Few Major Customers

The Company serves numerous major and independent oil and natural gas companies that are active in our core areas of operations.

As of December 31, 2022, one customer represented more than 10% of the Company's total accounts receivable balance at 55%. The same customer accounted for 31% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company's top five customers accounted for 57% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022.  

The loss of one or more of our significant customers could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business until the equipment is redeployed. Further, the Company believes that if its customers shift production from any of the geographies in which it operates the Company could effectively redeploy its equipment into other domestic geographic areas, but it may require us to incur relocation expenses which would reduce operating margins.

Seasonality

A significant portion of the Company’s operations is impacted by seasonal factors, particularly with regard to its frac water heating and hot oiling services. In 2022, 70% of our revenues were earned during the first and fourth fiscal quarters. In regard to frac water heating, as customers rely on Heat Waves to heat large amounts of water for use in fracturing formations, demand for this service is much greater in the colder winter months. Similarly, hot oiling services are in higher demand during the colder months, as services are needed for maintenance of existing wells and to heat oil storage tanks.

Acidizing and pressure testing are performed throughout the year with revenues generally not impacted by weather to a significant degree.

Raw Materials

             The Company purchases a wide variety of raw materials, parts, and components that are made by other manufacturers and suppliers for our use. The Company is not dependent on any single source of supply for those parts, supplies or materials. However, there are a limited number of vendors for propane and certain acids and chemicals, and propane prices have been volatile. The Company uses a limited number of suppliers and service providers available to fabricate and/or construct the trucks and equipment used in its hot oiling, frac water heating, and acidizing related services.

Patents, Trademarks, Licenses, Franchises, Concessions, Royalty Agreements or Labor Contracts

As is the situation with all companies in the frac water heating service business, we rely on certain procedures and practices in performing our services. In 2016, we were issued our first patent relating to an aspect of the frac water heating process. Heat Waves has since been issued three United States patents and one Canadian patent and has two United States patents pending related to aspects of the frac water heating process. We have other patent applications pending regarding other procedures used in our process of heating frac water. We are aware that one unrelated company has been awarded four patents related, in part, to a process for heating of frac water. 

Government Regulation

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to a variety of government regulations ranging from environmental to Occupational Safety and Health Act ("OSHA") to the Department of Transportation. Our operations are also subject to stringent federal, state and local laws regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relating to health and safety or the protection of the environment. These federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to protection of the environment, wildlife protection, historic preservation, and health and safety are extensive and changing. The trend in environmental legislation and regulation is generally toward stricter standards, and we expect that this trend will continue as governmental agencies issue and amend existing regulations. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations as they currently exist or may be amended in the future may result in the assessment of substantial administrative, civil and criminal penalties, as well as the issuance of injunctions limiting or prohibiting activities. Adherence with these regulatory requirements increases our cost of doing business and consequently affects our profitability. The Company does not believe that it is in material violation of any regulations that would have a significant negative impact on the Company’s operations. 

Through the routine course of providing services, the Company handles and stores bulk quantities of hazardous materials. If leaks or spills of hazardous materials handled, transported or stored by us occur, the Company may be responsible under applicable environmental laws for costs of remediating any damage to the surface or subsurface (including aquifers).

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA"), also known as "Superfund," and comparable state statutes impose strict, joint and several liability on owners and operators of sites and on persons who disposed of or arranged for the disposal of "hazardous substances" found at such sites. It is not uncommon for the government to file claims requiring cleanup actions, demands for reimbursement for government-incurred cleanup costs, or natural resource damages, or for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by hazardous substances released into the environment. The Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ("RCRA") and comparable state statutes govern the disposal of "solid waste" and "hazardous waste" and authorize the imposition of substantial fines and penalties for non-compliance, as well as requirements for corrective actions. Although CERCLA currently excludes petroleum from its definition of "hazardous substance," state laws affecting our operations may impose clean-up liability relating to petroleum and petroleum-related products. In addition, although RCRA classifies certain oilfield wastes as "non-hazardous," such exploration and production wastes could be reclassified as hazardous wastes thereby making such wastes subject to more stringent handling and disposal requirements. CERCLA, RCRA and comparable state statutes can impose liability for clean-up of sites and disposal of substances found on drilling and production sites long after operations on such sites have been completed. Other statutes relating to the storage and handling of pollutants include the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 ("OPA") which requires certain owners and operators of facilities that store or otherwise handle oil to prepare and implement spill response plans relating to the potential discharge of oil into surface waters. The OPA contains numerous requirements relating to prevention of, reporting of, and response to oil spills into waters of the United States. State laws mandate oil cleanup programs with respect to contaminated soil. A failure to comply with OPA’s requirements or inadequate cooperation during a spill response action may subject a responsible party to civil or criminal enforcement actions.

In the course of the Company’s operations, it does not typically generate materials that are considered "hazardous substances." One exception, however, would be spills that occur prior to well treatment materials being circulated downhole. For example, if the Company spills acid on a roadway as a result of a vehicle accident in the course of providing production/stimulation services, or if a tank with acid leaks prior to downhole circulation, the spilled material may be considered a "hazardous substance." In this respect, the Company may occasionally be considered to "generate" materials that are regulated as hazardous substances and, as a result, may incur CERCLA liability for cleanup costs. Also, claims may be filed for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of hazardous substances or other pollutants.

The Clean Water Act ("CWA") and comparable state statutes impose restrictions and controls on the discharge of pollutants, including spills and leaks of oil and other substances, into waters of the United States. The discharge of pollutants into regulated waters is prohibited, except in accordance with the terms of a permit issued by the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") or an analogous state agency. The CWA regulates storm water runoff from oil and natural gas facilities and requires a storm water discharge permit for certain activities. Such a permit requires the regulated facility to monitor and sample storm water runoff from its operations. The CWA and regulations implemented thereunder also prohibit discharges of dredged and fill material in wetlands and other waters of the United States unless authorized by an appropriately issued permit. The CWA and comparable state statutes provide for civil, criminal and administrative penalties for unauthorized discharges of oil and other pollutants and impose liability on parties responsible for those discharges for the costs of cleaning up any environmental damage caused by the release and for natural resource damages resulting from the release.

The Safe Drinking Water Act ("SDWA") and the Underground Injection Control ("UIC") program promulgated thereunder regulate the drilling and operation of subsurface injection wells, such as the disposal wells owned and operated by the Company. The EPA directly administers the UIC program in some states and in others the responsibility for the program has been delegated to the state. The program requires that a permit be obtained before drilling a disposal well. Violation of these regulations and/or contamination of groundwater by oil and natural gas drilling, production, and related operations may result in fines, penalties, and remediation costs, among other sanctions and liabilities under the SDWA and state laws. In addition, third party claims may be filed by landowners and other parties claiming damages for alternative water supplies, property damages, and bodily injury.

The Federal Energy Policy Act of 2005 amended the SDWA to exclude hydraulic fracturing from the definition of "underground injection" under certain circumstances. However, the repeal of this exclusion has been advocated by certain advocacy organizations and others in the public. The EPA, at the request of Congress, conducted a national study examining the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources and issued a final assessment report in December 2016, which concluded that hydraulic fracturing activities can impact drinking water resources under some circumstances and identifies factors that influence these impacts.

We incur, and expect to continue to incur, capital and operating costs to comply with the environmental laws and regulations described herein. The technical requirements of these laws and regulations are becoming increasingly complex, stringent and expensive to implement.

If new federal or state laws or regulations that significantly restrict hydraulic fracturing are adopted, such legal requirements could result in delays, eliminate certain drilling and injection activities, make it more difficult or costly for our customers to perform fracturing, and/or increase their and our costs of compliance and doing business. It is also possible that drilling and injection operations utilizing our services could adversely affect the environment, which could result in a requirement to perform investigations or clean ups or the incurrence of other unexpected material costs or liabilities.

Significant studies and research have been devoted to climate change and global warming, and climate change has developed into a major political issue in the United States and globally. Certain research suggests that greenhouse gas emissions contribute to climate change and pose a threat to the environment. Recent scientific research and political debate has focused in part on carbon dioxide and methane incidental to oil and natural gas exploration and production. Many state governments have enacted legislation directed at controlling greenhouse gas emissions, and future state and federal legislation and regulation could impose additional restrictions or requirements in connection with our operations and favor use of alternative energy sources, which could increase operating costs and decrease demand for oil products. As such, our business could be materially adversely affected by domestic and international legislation targeted at controlling climate change.

We are also subject to a number of federal and state laws and regulations, including OSHA and comparable state laws, whose purpose is to protect the health and safety of workers. In addition, the OSHA hazard communication standard, the EPA community right-to-know regulations under Title III of the federal Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act, and comparable state statutes require that information be maintained concerning hazardous materials used or produced in our operations and that this information be provided to employees, state and local government authorities and citizens.

Due to the fact that our trucks travel over public highways to get to customers’ wells, the Company is subject to the regulations of the Department of Transportation ("DOT"). These regulations are very comprehensive and cover a wide variety of subjects from the maintenance and operation of vehicles to driver qualifications to safety. Violations of these regulations can result in penalties ranging from monetary fines to a restriction on the use of the vehicles. Under regulations effective July 1, 2010, an uncured violation of regulations could result in a shutdown of all the vehicles of Heat Waves. The Company does not believe it is in violation of DOT regulations at this time that would result in a shutdown of vehicles.

Some states and certain municipalities have regulated, or are considering regulating, hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") which, if accomplished, could impact certain of our operations. While the Company does not believe that existing regulations and contemplated actions to limit or prohibit fracking have impacted its activities to date, there can be no assurance that these actions, if taken on a wider scale, may not adversely impact the Company’s business operations and revenues.

Human Capital

As of March 9, 2023, the Company employed 98 full-time employees. Of these employees, 87 are employed by Heat Waves and 11 are employed by Enservco. From time to time, the Company may hire contractors to perform work.

Available Information

We maintain a website at www.enservco.com. The information contained on, or accessible through, our website is not part of this Annual Report. Our Annual Report, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Exchange Act, are available on our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such reports with, or furnish those reports to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). 

We maintain direct access to our Audit Committee and Board of Directors for whistleblower and other governance communication via the email address compliance@enservco.com. In addition, we maintain corporate governance documents on our website, including the following:

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

An investment in our common stock may be considered speculative and involves a high degree of risk, including, among other items, the risk factors described below. These risk factors are intended to generally describe certain risks that could materially affect the Company and its business operations and activities.

You should carefully consider the risks described below and elsewhere herein in connection with any decision whether to acquire, hold or sell the Company’s securities. The following list identifies and briefly summarizes certain risks but should not be viewed as complete or comprehensive. If any of the contingencies discussed in the following paragraphs or other materially adverse events actually occur, the business, financial condition of the business and its results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or a significant part of your investment.

Liquidity and Debt Risks

An inability to borrow from our new receivables financing during our peak work periods would have a negative impact on our business and liquidity.

In March 2022, we refinanced $13.8 million outstanding under our 2017 Amended Credit Facility with East West Bank for $8.4 million in cash plus future unsecured payments of up to $1.0 million. Prior to the Refinancing of our debt with East West Bank, our growth was limited because of our inability to borrow under our line of credit with East West Bank to meet working capital requirements during our peak demand periods during the winter months. Our ability to grow and sustain our business in the future will depend upon our ability to be able to regularly borrow under our Receivables Financing (the “Receivables Financing”), as defined in Note 5 - Debt. There is no assurance that we will be able to make future borrowings under lines of credit, including our Receivables Financing, in order to fund our operations during peak demand periods. If we are unable to generate or obtain the requisite amount of financing needed to fund our business operations or execute our growth strategy, our liquidity and ability to continue operations could be materially adversely affected.

We continue to have significant debt obligations that are subject to interest rate increases.

We have significant debt obligations under our 2022 equipment lease facility with Utica Leaseco, LLC (the “Equipment Financing” and collectively with the Receivable Financing, the “2022 Financing Facilities”), with current minimum monthly payments to Utica Leaseco, LLC of $198,000 as of January 1, 2023, which is subject to twice yearly Prime Rate dependent interest rate increases, further described in Note 5 - Debt.

Our ability to pay interest and principal payments on our Utica Facility, and to satisfy our other debt obligations, as defined in Note 5 - Debt, will depend upon our ability to achieve increased utilization of our equipment, which is highly influenced by weather and customers' drilling activity. We cannot reasonably guarantee that our business will generate sufficient cash flows from operations, or that future capital will be available to us, in an amount sufficient to fund our future liquidity needs. In the absence of adequate cash from operations and/or other available capital resources we could face substantial liquidity constraints. To the extent that we could not repay or refinance our indebtedness when due, or generate adequate cash flows from operations, we may have to curtail operations which would adversely affect our ability to continue as a going concern. We cannot reasonably guarantee that we will be able to raise sufficient capital through debt or equity financings on terms acceptable to us, or at all, or that we could consummate dispositions of assets or operations for fair market value, in a timely manner or at all.

We are currently in a difficult operating environment and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be affected by general economic conditions and factors beyond our control.

We face a difficult operating environment with oil and gas exploration and production companies exerting significant pressure on us to reduce our prices for the services we provide. Reduced activity and operating margins could force us to curtail operations in some or all our locations which would materially and adversely affect our revenues and our ability to continue as a going concern.

General economic conditions, weather, oil and natural gas prices and financial, business and other factors may also affect our operations and our future performance. Many of these factors are beyond our control. The Company experienced a heavy downturn in demand for our services in early 2020, which continued well into 2021. While crude oil prices and demand for services rebounded in 2022, the Company's rig count throughout 2022 still remained below pre-pandemic levels. If the Company does not have sufficient funds on hand to continue to pay our monthly debt when due, we may be required to seek a waiver or amendment from our lender, refinance our indebtedness, incur additional indebtedness, sell assets, or sell additional shares of our common stock. We may not be able to complete such transactions on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Our failure to generate sufficient funds to pay our debts or to undertake any of these actions successfully could result in a default on our debt obligations, which would materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Operations Related Risks

While our growth strategy includes seeking acquisitions of other oilfield or other diversified services companies, we may not be successful in identifying, making and integrating business or asset acquisitions, if any, in the future.

We anticipate that a component of our growth strategy may be to make strategically focused acquisitions of businesses or assets aimed to strengthen our presence and expand services offered in selected service markets. Pursuit of this strategy may be restricted by the on-going volatility and uncertainty within the credit markets which may significantly limit the availability of funds for such acquisitions. Our ability to use shares of our common stock in an acquisition transaction may be adversely affected by the volatility in the price of our common stock and by the potential requirement of shareholder approval.

In addition to restricted funding availability, the success of this strategy will depend on our ability to identify suitable acquisition candidates and to negotiate acceptable financial and other terms. There is no assurance that we will be able to do so. The success of an acquisition also depends on our ability to perform adequate due diligence before the acquisition and on our ability to integrate the acquisition after it is completed. While we intend to commit significant resources to ensure that we conduct comprehensive due diligence, there can be no assurance that all potential risks and liabilities will be identified in connection with an acquisition. Similarly, while we expect to commit substantial resources, including management time and effort, to integrating acquired businesses into ours, there is no assurance that we will be successful in integrating these businesses. In particular, it may be important that we are able to retain both key personnel of the acquired business and its customer base. A loss of either key personnel or customers could negatively impact the future operating results of any acquired business.

Our business is substantially impacted by seasonal weather conditions.

Our operations, particularly our frac heating services, are impacted by weather conditions and temperatures. Unseasonably warm weather during winter months reduces demand for our frac heating services and results in higher operating costs, as a percentage of revenue, due to the need to retain equipment operators during these low demand periods. Management makes concerted efforts to reduce time and costs during these low demand periods by utilizing operators in other business segments, reducing hours, and in some instances, utilizing seasonal layoffs.

Further, during the winter months, our customers may delay operations or we may not be able to operate or move our equipment between locations during periods of heavy snow, ice or rain, and during the spring some areas impose transportation restrictions due to muddy conditions caused by spring thaws.

We may be unable to implement price increases.

We periodically seek to increase the prices of our services to offset rising costs and to generate increased revenues. We operate in a very competitive industry and, as a result, we are not always successful in raising or maintaining our existing prices. Additionally, during periods of increased market demand, a significant amount of new equipment may enter the market, which would also put pressure on the pricing of our services. Even when we are able to increase our prices, we may not be able to do so at a rate that is sufficient to offset rising costs. Also, we may not be able to successfully increase prices without adversely affecting our activity levels. The inability to maintain our prices or to increase the prices of our services in order to offset rising costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations. We anticipate pricing pressure impacting our other service lines to the extent that oil and gas prices drop.

We operate in a capital-intensive industry and may not be able to finance future growth of our operations or future acquisitions.

Our business activities require substantial capital expenditures. If our cash flows from operating activities and borrowings under our 2022 Financing Facilities are not sufficient to fund our capital expenditure budget, we would be required to reduce these expenditures or to fund these expenditures through new debt or equity issuances.

Our ability to raise new debt or equity capital, or to refinance or restructure our debt, at any given time depends on, among other things, the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Also, the terms of existing or future debt or equity instruments could further restrict our business operations. The inability to finance future growth could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Increased labor costs or the unavailability of skilled workers could adversely affect our operations.

Companies in our industry, including us, are dependent upon the available labor pool of skilled workers. We compete with other oilfield services businesses and other employers to attract and retain qualified personnel with the technical skills and experience required to provide our customers with the highest quality service. We are also subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act, which governs such matters as minimum wage, overtime and other working conditions, and which can increase our labor costs or subject us to liabilities to our employees. A shortage of skilled workers or other general inflationary pressures or changes in applicable laws and regulations could make it more difficult for us to attract and retain skilled personnel and could require us to enhance our wage and benefits packages. Labor costs may increase in the future, or we may not be able to reduce wages when demand and pricing falls, and such changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We could be negatively impacted by inflationary and interest rate pressures.

The U.S. economy experienced rising inflation along with seven interest rate hikes in 2022. A sustained increase in inflation may continue to increase our costs for labor, debt, materials, supplies, and services costs. Future interest rate hikes could increase the cost of our variable rate indebtedness. Our materials suppliers and customers could face inflationary pressures, and the resulting impacts such as increased labor costs and materials could negatively impact our business in the event we are not able to increase the cost of our services, which could decrease our operating margins and financial condition. 

Historically, we have experienced a high employee turnover rate. Any difficulty we experience replacing or adding workers could adversely affect our business.

We believe that the high turnover rate in our industry is attributable to the nature of oilfield services work, which is physically demanding and performed outdoors, and to the seasonality of certain of our segments. As a result, workers may choose to pursue employment in areas that offer a more desirable work environment at wage rates that are competitive with ours. The potential inability or lack of desire by workers to commute to our facilities and job sites, as well as the competition for workers from competitors or other industries, are factors that could negatively affect our ability to attract and retain skilled workers. We may not be able to recruit, train and retain an adequate number of workers to replace departing workers. The inability to maintain an adequate workforce could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business depends on domestic (United States) spending by the crude oil and natural gas industry which incurred significant price volatility in 2020 - 2022, and such volatility may continue; our business has been, and may in the future be, adversely affected by industry and financial market conditions that are beyond our control.

We depend on our customers’ ability and willingness to make operating and capital expenditures to explore, develop and produce crude oil and natural gas in the United States. Customers’ expectations for future crude oil and natural gas prices, as well as the availability of capital for operating and capital expenditures, may cause them to curtail spending, thereby reducing demand for our services and equipment. Although there has been a recent uptick in demand for our services, major declines in oil and natural gas prices in 2020 and 2021 have resulted in substantial declines in capital spending and drilling programs across the industry. Any declines in oil and natural gas prices may result in many exploration and production companies substantially reducing drilling and completions programs and have required service providers to make pricing concessions.

Industry conditions and specifically the market price for crude oil and natural gas are influenced by numerous domestic and global factors, such as the war in Ukraine and other potential global conflicts over which we have no control, such as the supply of and demand for oil and natural gas, domestic and worldwide economic conditions that are affected by several factors beyond our control, weather conditions, political instability in oil and natural gas producing countries, and perceived economic conditions. The volatility of the oil and natural gas industry, and the consequent impact on commodity prices as well as exploration and production activity, could adversely impact the level of drilling and activity by many of our customers. Where declining prices lead to reduced exploration and development activities in our market areas, the reduction in exploration and development activities over a sustained period will have a negative long-term impact on our business. Several month periods of low oil and natural gas prices typically result in increased pressure from our customers to make additional pricing concessions and impact our borrowing arrangements with our principal bank. 

There also has been significant political pressure for the United States economy to reduce its dependence on crude oil and natural gas due to the impacts on climate change. There have been significant political and regulatory efforts to reduce or eliminate hydraulic fracturing operations in certain of our service areas. On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed the reconciliation budget bill, known as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”), which imposed an expression of interest fee for nominating federal lands for potential lease sale, increased the royalty rate, annual rental rate, and minimum bid on federal oil and gas leases issued after that date, and ended the noncompetitive oil and gas leasing process. Furthermore, the Colorado legislature enacted a bill that could significantly restrict oil and gas drilling in Colorado, thereby negatively affecting our revenues. These activities may make oil and gas investment and production less attractive.

Higher oil and gas prices do not necessarily result in increased drilling activity because our customers’ expectation of future prices and access to capital also drive demand for production maintenance and completion services. Oil and gas prices, as well as demand for our services, also depend upon other factors that are beyond our control, including, but not limited to, the following:

Ongoing volatility and uncertainty in the domestic and global economic and political environments have caused the oilfield services industry to experience demand volatility. While our management is generally optimistic for the continuing development of the onshore domestic oil and gas industry over the long term, there are several political and economic pressures negatively impacting the economics of production from existing wells, future drilling operations, and the willingness of banks and investors to provide capital to participants in the oil and gas industry. We believe that these cuts in spending will continue to curtail drilling programs as well as discretionary spending on well services and will continue to result in a reduction in the demand for our services in the future, the rates we can charge, and equipment utilization. In addition, certain of our customers could become unable to pay their suppliers, including us. Any of these conditions or events would adversely affect our operating results. 

Our success depends on key members of our management, and the loss of any executive or key personnel could disrupt our business operations.

We depend, to a large extent, on the services of certain of our key managers and executive officers, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The departure or loss of one or more of the Company's key managers or executive officers could materially disrupt our operations. Similarly, the inability to attract and retain new managers or executives to complement and enhance our management team could negatively impact our Company. 

We depend on several significant customers, and a loss of one or more significant customers could adversely affect our results of operations. 

Our top five customers accounted for 57% and 40% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The loss of any one of these customers, or a sustained decrease in demand by any of such customers, could result in a substantial loss of revenues and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. 

While we believe our equipment could be redeployed in the current market environment if we lost any material customers, such loss could have an adverse effect on our business until the equipment is redeployed. We believe that the market for our services is sufficiently diversified such that it is not dependent on any single customer or a few major customers.

Our business and operations may continue to be, adversely affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and other similar outbreaks.

Our business and operations have been, and are likely to continue to be, adversely affected by the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While there has been an improvement as of late, new variants of COVID-19 could cause states and cities to impose future travel restrictions and bans, quarantines, social distancing guidelines, shelter-in-place or lock-down orders and other similar limitations in order to control the spread of such new variants. These measures have, among other matters, negatively impacted consumer and business spending and, as a result, have negatively impacted the domestic and international demand for crude oil and natural gas, which has contributed to price volatility, impacted the prices received for oil and natural gas and materially and adversely affected the demand for and marketability of our services. Our subcontractors, customers and suppliers, have also and may continue to experience delays or disruptions and temporary suspensions of operations. The pandemic, in addition to other global factors such as the war in Ukraine, may continue to negatively impact oil and gas prices, create economic uncertainty and financial market volatility, reduce economic activity, increase unemployment and cause a decline in consumer and business confidence, and could in the future further negatively impact the demand for our products and services. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or future pandemics on our operational and financial performance will depend on, among other matters, the duration and intensity of the pandemic event, the level of success of global vaccination and mitigation efforts, governmental and private sector responses to pandemics and the impact of such responses on us, and the pandemic impact on oil and gas prices and on our employees, customers, suppliers, operations and sales, all which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. These factors may remain prevalent for a significant period of time even after the pandemic subsides, including due to a continued or prolonged recession in the United States or other major economies, and as with any adverse public health developments, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, liquidity or financial condition and heighten or exacerbate risks described in this Annual Report.

Declining general economic, business or industry conditions may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

Concerns over global economic conditions, global conflicts, the threat of pandemic diseases and the results thereof, energy costs, geopolitical issues, inflation, the availability and cost of credit, including increases in interest rates, the United States mortgage market have contributed to increased economic uncertainty and diminished expectations for the global economy. These factors, combined with volatile prices of oil and natural gas, and declining business and consumer confidence, have precipitated an economic slowdown and a recession. Concerns about global economic growth and global conflicts have had a significant adverse impact on global financial markets and commodity prices. If the economic climate in the United States or abroad continues to deteriorate, demand for petroleum products could diminish, which could impact the price at which we can sell our oil and natural gas production and completion services, affect the ability of our vendors, suppliers and customers to continue operations and ultimately adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

Environmental compliance costs and liabilities could reduce our earnings and cash available for operations.

We are subject to increasingly stringent laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and the importation and use of hazardous materials, including laws and regulations governing air emissions, water discharges and waste management. Government authorities have the power to enforce compliance with their regulations, and violations are subject to fines, injunctions or both. We incur, and expect to continue to incur, capital and operating costs to comply with environmental laws and regulations. The technical requirements of these laws and regulations are becoming increasingly complex, stringent and expensive to implement. These laws may provide for "strict liability" for damages to natural resources or threats to public health and safety. Strict liability can render a party liable for damages without regard to negligence or fault on the part of the party. Some environmental laws provide for joint and several strict liability for remediation of spills and releases of hazardous substances.

We use hazardous substances and transport hazardous wastes in our operations. Accordingly, we could become subject to potentially material liabilities relating to the investigation and cleanup of contaminated properties, and to claims alleging personal injury or property damage as the result of exposures to, or releases of, hazardous substances. In addition, stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations, new laws and regulations, the discovery of previously unknown contamination, or the imposition of new or increased requirements could require us to incur costs and penalties or become the basis of new or increased liabilities that could reduce the Company's earnings and cash available for operations. We believe we are currently in compliance with environmental laws and regulations.

Intense competition within the well services industry may adversely affect our ability to market our services.

The well services industry is intensely competitive. It includes numerous small companies capable of competing effectively in our markets on a local basis, as well as several large companies that possess substantially greater financial and other resources than us. Our larger competitors have greater resources that allow those competitors to compete more effectively than us. Our small competitors may be able to react to market conditions more quickly. Significant consolidations of our customers in the DJ Basin market (our primary Colorado market), could result in a more competitive market and increase our customer concentration. Further, the amount of equipment available may exceed demand at some point in time, which could result in active price competition.

We may become involved in intellectual property litigation either due to claims by others that we are infringing their intellectual property rights or due to our own assertions that others are infringing upon our intellectual property rights.

As is the situation with other companies in the frac water heating service business, we rely on certain procedures and practices in performing our services. In 2016, we were issued our first patent relating to an aspect of the frac water heating process and in 2017, a second patent was issued. We have other patent applications pending regarding other procedures used in our process of heating frac water. We are aware that one unrelated company has been awarded four patents related, in part, to a process for heating of frac water.

Infringement and other intellectual property claims and proceedings brought against us, whether successful or not, could result in substantial costs and harm to our reputation. We cannot be certain that we will successfully defend against allegations of infringement of patents and intellectual property rights of others. If the owner of intellectual property establishes that we are infringing its intellectual property rights, we may be forced to change our services, and such changes may be expensive or impractical, or we may need to seek royalty or license agreements from the owner of such rights. If we are unable to agree on acceptable terms, we may be required to discontinue the sale of key services or halt other aspects of our operations. We may also be liable for financial damages for a violation of intellectual property rights. Any adverse result related to violation of third-party intellectual property rights could materially and adversely harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Even if intellectual property claims brought against us are without merit, they may result in costly and time-consuming litigation and may require significant attention from our management and key personnel.

Similarly, third parties may misappropriate our intellectual property. Monitoring unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and costly. While we actively seek to protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights, the steps we have taken may not prevent unauthorized use by third parties. Misappropriation of our intellectual property or potential litigation concerning such matters could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. If our remediation of the material weaknesses is not effective, or if we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results could be adversely affected.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

In connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Management identified deficiencies related to the following: (i) our application of the accounting for a warrant issued to a related party in connection with a conversion of subordinated debt to equity during the first quarter of 2021; (ii) our eligibility to receive certain Employee Retention Credits through the CARES Act of 2020; and (iii) our accounting for income taxes in connection with a change in control that occurred during the first quarter of 2021.

While management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2022, in order to properly advance the initiative to address remediation of our material weaknesses that existed as of December 31, 2021, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company improved the control environment surrounding its accounting for complex financial instruments as well as its accounting for income taxes. This was accomplished through enhanced analyses by our personnel and third-party professionals with whom we consult regarding complex accounting and tax applications, including but not limited to, regular recurring communication and consultation with our qualified third-party tax professionals, and improved internal oversight and monitoring over these complex financial instruments and their implications to our financial statements. We will continue to remediate, monitor the design and effectiveness of these and other processes, procedures, and controls and make any further changes or determine and obtain any additional resources management deems appropriate.

However, while we believe we implemented measures to remediate the material weaknesses, we cannot make assurances that such measures will be sufficient to remediate the control deficiencies that led to the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting or to avoid potential future material weaknesses. If we are unable to maintain our existing internal controls over financial reporting, or if we identify any additional material weaknesses, the accuracy and timeliness of our financial reporting may be adversely affected. If we are unable to maintain effective internal controls, we may not have adequate, accurate or timely financial statements, and we may be unable to meet our reporting obligations as a public company. Failure to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, when and as applicable, could also potentially subject us to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Furthermore, if we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our business and results of operations could be harmed and investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information.

Our operations are subject to inherent risks, some of which are beyond our control. These risks may be self-insured or may not be fully covered under our insurance policies, but to the extent not covered, are self-insured by us.

Our operations are subject to hazards inherent in the oil and natural gas industry, such as, but not limited to, accidents, blowouts, explosions, fires and oil spills. These conditions can cause:

The occurrence of a significant event or adverse claim in excess of the insurance coverage that we maintain or that is not covered by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, claims for loss of oil and natural gas production and damage to formations can occur in the well services industry. Litigation arising from a catastrophic occurrence at a location where our equipment and services are being used may result in us being named as a defendant in lawsuits asserting large claims.

           In September 2022, the Company and its insurance carriers settled a personal injury matter in Texas for $9.3 million. While the insurance claim payment to the plaintiff was covered by the Company’s insurance policies, no assurance can be given that any future claims will be similarly covered.

We maintain insurance coverage that we believe to be customary in the industry against these hazards. In addition, in June 2015, we became self-insured under our Employee Group Medical Plan for the first $50,000 per individual participant. This self-insured plan terminated on December 31, 2020, and our remaining liability for any for all claims under the Employee Group Medical Plan that arose prior to that date expired on December 31, 2021. Additionally, we do not have insurance against all foreseeable risks, either because insurance is not available or because of the high premium costs. The occurrence of an event not fully insured against, or the failure of an insurer to meet its insurance obligations, could result in substantial losses to us. In addition, we may not be able to maintain adequate insurance in the future at reasonable rates. Insurance may not be available to cover any or all the risks to which we are subject, or, even if available, it may be inadequate, or insurance premiums or other costs could rise significantly in the future so as to make such insurance prohibitively expensive. It is likely that, in our insurance renewals, our premiums and deductibles will be higher, and certain insurance coverage either will be unavailable or considerably more expensive than it has been in the recent past. In addition, our insurance is subject to coverage limits, and some policies exclude coverage for damages resulting from environmental contamination.         

We are involved in securities litigation, and an adverse resolution of such litigation may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In May 2022 we became the subject of a lawsuit alleging that the Company and certain of its officers violated securities laws in relation to certain of its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed in 2021 which required amendments and restatements to such filings. While we believe the claims are without merit, there can be no assurances that a favorable final outcome will be obtained, and defending any lawsuit can be costly and can impose a significant burden on management and employees. An unfavorable outcome with respect to this lawsuit could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Furthermore, there can be no assurances that our insurance coverage will be available in sufficient amounts to cover such claim, or at all.

Compliance with climate change legislation or initiatives could negatively impact our business.

The United States Congress has considered legislation to mandate reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and certain states have already implemented, or may be in the process of implementing, similar legislation. Additionally, the United States Supreme Court has held in its decisions that carbon dioxide can be regulated as an "air pollutant" under the Clean Air Act, which could result in future regulations even if the United States Congress does not adopt new legislation regarding emissions. At this time, it is not possible to predict how legislation or new federal or state government mandates regarding the emission of greenhouse gases could impact our business; however, any such future laws or regulations could require us or our customers to devote potentially material amounts of capital or other resources in order to comply with such regulations. These expenditures could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Anti-fracking initiatives and revisions of applicable state regulations could adversely impact our business.

Some states (including Colorado) and certain municipalities have regulated, or are considering regulating fracking which, if accomplished, could impact certain of our operations. There can be no assurance that these actions, if taken on a wider scale, may not adversely impact our business operations and revenues.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards is subject to limitation and may result in increased future tax liability.

The Company has federal and state net operating loss carryforwards ("NOLs"), each of which were $40.2 million as of December 31, 2022. During the first quarter of 2021, in connection with a registered equity offering, we experienced a "change in control" within the meaning of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and as a result the realizability of the Company's deferred tax assets became limited. On March 28, 2023, Cross River Partners, LP ("Cross River"), an entity controlled by our Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Richard Murphy, converted approximately $1.1 million principal amount of its $1.2 million convertible promissory note issued in March 2022 (the “March 2022 Convertible Note”) into 2,275,000 shares of Company common stock. Subject to stockholder approval at the Company’s 2023 Annual Meeting, Cross River intends to convert the balance of the March 2022 Convertible Note into 322,402 shares of Company common stock and the $1.2 million convertible promissory note issued in July 2022 (the “July 2022 Convertible Note”) into 2,400,000 shares of Company common stock and warrants to acquire 2,400,000 shares of Company common stock at $0.55 per share. The conversion of these two convertible promissory notes, combined with the issuance of shares in the February 2023 Public Offering, will likely cause a change of control within the Code which would negatively impact our ability to utilize the NOLs going forward to offset future taxable income. Sections 382 and 383 of the Code contain rules that limit the ability of a corporation that undergoes a change in control to utilize its NOLs and certain built-in losses recognized in years after the change in control. A change in control is generally defined as any change in ownership of more than 50% of a corporation’s stock over a rolling three-year period by stockholders that own (directly or indirectly) 5% or more of the stock of the corporation or arising from a new issuance of stock by the corporation. Limitations on the use of NOLs and other tax attributes could also increase our state tax liabilities. The use of our tax attributes will also be limited to the extent that we do not generate positive taxable income in future tax periods. As a result of these limitations, we may be unable to offset future taxable income, if any, with NOLs before such NOLs expire. Accordingly, these limitations may increase our federal and state income tax liabilities.

Improvements in, or new discoveries of, alternative energy technologies could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Because our operations depend on the demand for oil and used oil, any improvement in or new discoveries of alternative energy technologies (such as wind, solar, geothermal, fuel cells and biofuels) that increase the use of alternative forms of energy and reduce the demand for oil, gas and oil and gas related products could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Competition due to advances in renewable fuels may lessen the demand for our products and negatively impact our profitability.

Alternatives to petroleum-based products and production methods are continually under development. For example, a number of automotive, industrial and power generation manufacturers are developing alternative clean power systems using fuel cells or clean-burning gaseous fuels that may address increasing worldwide energy costs, the long-term availability of petroleum reserves and environmental concerns which, if successful, could lower the demand for oil and gas. If these non-petroleum-based products and oil alternatives continue to expand and gain broad acceptance such that the overall demand for oil and gas is decreased, it could have an adverse effect on our operations and the value of our assets.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

We have no plans to pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Stockholders may not receive funds without selling their shares.

We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to pay down debt and finance the expansion of our business. Our future dividend policy is within the discretion of our Board of Directors ("Board") and will depend upon various factors, including our business, financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and investment opportunities. Accordingly, realization of a gain on a shareholder’s investment will depend on the appreciation of the price of our common stock.

Our Board of Directors can, without stockholder approval, cause preferred stock to be issued on terms that adversely affect holders of our common stock.

Under our certificate of incorporation, our Board is authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, of which none are issued and outstanding as of the date of this Annual Report. Also, our Board, without stockholder approval, may determine the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, of those shares. If our Board causes shares of preferred stock to be issued, the rights of the holders of our common stock would likely be subordinate to those of preferred holders and therefore could be adversely affected. Our Board’s ability to determine the terms of preferred stock and to cause its issuance, while providing desirable flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding common stock. Preferred shares issued by our Board could include voting rights or super voting rights, which could shift the ability to control the Company to the holders of the preferred stock. Preferred stock could also have conversion rights into shares of our common stock at a discount to the market price of our common stock, which could negatively affect the market for our common stock. In addition, preferred stock would have preference in the event of liquidation of the corporation, which means that the holders of preferred stock would be entitled to receive the net assets of the corporation distributed in liquidation before the holders of our common stock receive any distribution of the liquidated assets. 

The price of our common stock may be volatile regardless of our operating performance and you may not be able to resell shares of our common stock at or above the price you paid, or at all.

The trading price of our common stock may be volatile, and a stockholder may not be able to resell their shares at or above the price at which such stockholder paid for such shares. Our stock price volatility can be in response to a number of factors, including those listed in this section and elsewhere in this Annual Report. As a company in the oil services sector, there can be significant trading volume and volatility in our common stock that may be unrelated to our operating performance and more related to fluctuations and trading in oil-related public companies as a whole. Many of these volatility factors are beyond our control. Other factors that may affect the market price of our common stock include:

In addition, the United States securities markets have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations over the past several years. These fluctuations often have been unrelated to the operating performance of companies in these markets. Market fluctuations and broad market, economic and industry factors may negatively affect the price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. Any volatility or a significant decrease in the market price of our common stock could also negatively affect our ability to make acquisitions using our common stock. Further, if we were to be the object of securities class action litigation as a result of volatility in our common stock price or for other reasons, it could result in substantial costs and diversion of our management’s attention and resources, which could negatively affect our financial results.

We may be required to raise additional financing by issuing new securities, which may have terms or rights superior to those of our shares of common stock, which could adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.

We may need to raise additional funds for working capital and other purposes, including to finance acquisitions or develop strategic relationships, by issuing equity or convertible debt securities, which would reduce the percentage ownership of our existing stockholders. Our board of directors has the authority, without action or vote of the stockholders, to issue all or any part of our authorized but unissued shares of common or preferred stock. Our articles of incorporation authorize us to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Future issuances of common or preferred stock would reduce your influence over matters on which stockholders vote and would be dilutive to earnings per share. In addition, any newly issued preferred stock could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of the common stock. Those rights, preferences and privileges could include, among other things, the establishment of dividends that must be paid prior to declaring or paying dividends or other distributions to holders of our common stock or providing for preferential liquidation rights. These rights, preferences and privileges could negatively affect the rights of holders of our common stock, and the right to convert such preferred stock into shares of our common stock at a rate or price that would have a dilutive effect on the outstanding shares of our common stock.

Our executive chairman and CEO beneficially owns a significant amount of our outstanding common stock and has substantial control over us.

As of March 22, 2023, Richard Murphy, our Executive Chairman and CEO, and his affiliated entity Cross River, beneficially own in the aggregate 11.88% of our common stock, or 15.93% including warrants exercisable within 60 days (excluding shares issuable upon conversion of outstanding convertible notes held by Cross River, the issuance of which is subject to shareholder approval). As a result, if acting together, Mr. Murphy will be able to exercise significant influence over all matters requiring approval by our shareholders, including the election of directors and the approval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or assets. Mr. Murphy may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree, which may be adverse to your interests. In addition, to the extent Cross River acquires additional shares pursuant to the conversion of its outstanding convertible notes, the ability of Mr. Murphy, acting together, to control or significantly influence such matters will increase. This concentration of ownership could limit your ability to influence corporate matters and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company. This could prevent transactions in which shareholders might otherwise recover a premium for their shares over current market prices.

The liquidity and market price of our common stock may decline significantly if we are unable to maintain our NYSE American listing. 

Our common stock is currently listed on the NYSE American. The NYSE American will consider suspending dealings in, or delisting, securities of an issuer that does not meet its continued listing standards. If we cannot meet the NYSE American continued listing requirements, the NYSE American may delist our common stock, which could have an adverse impact on us and the liquidity and market price of our common stock.

In December 2022, the Company received an official notice of noncompliance from the NYSE American stating that the Company’s stockholders’ equity as reported in its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2022 was not in compliance with the NYSE American’s continued listing standards which requires that a listed company’s stockholders’ equity be at least $6.0 million if it has reported losses from continuing operations and/or net losses in its five most recent fiscal years. On January 10, 2023, the Company submitted a plan (the “Plan”) advising of actions it will take to regain compliance with the continued listing standards by June 9, 2024. If NYSE accepts the Plan, the Company will have an eighteen (18) month cure period to comply with the Plan and will be subject to periodic reviews including quarterly monitoring for compliance with the Plan. There can be no assurance that the Company will ultimately regain compliance with all applicable NYSE American listing standards.

On January 3, 2023, we received an official notice of noncompliance from the NYSE stating that the Company is noncompliant with Section 704 of the NYSE American Company Guide for failure to hold an annual meeting for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 by December 31, 2022. The Company expects to hold its Annual Meeting in June 2023, at which time the Company will regain compliance with NYSE American LLC’s (“NYSE American’s”) continued listing standards. To the extent the Company does not hold its Annual Meeting in 2023, the Company may be out of compliance with the NYSE American listing standards and may be delisted from such exchange.

If we are unable to retain compliance with the NYSE American criteria for continued listing, including holding an Annual Meeting, our common stock would be subject to delisting. A delisting of our common stock could negatively impact us by, among other things, reducing the liquidity and market price of our common stock; reducing the number of investors willing to hold or acquire our common stock, which could negatively impact our ability to raise equity financing; limiting our ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future; decreasing the amount of news and analyst coverage of us; and causing us reputational harm with investors, our employees, and parties conducting business with us.

If our common stock is delisted, our common stock may be subject to the so-called "penny stock" rules. The SEC has adopted regulations that define a penny stock to be any equity security that has a market price per share of less than $5.00, subject to certain exceptions, such as any securities listed on a national securities exchange. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the rules impose additional sales practice requirements and burdens on broker-dealers (subject to certain exceptions) and could discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our stock, further limiting the liquidity of our shares, and an investor may find it more difficult to acquire or dispose of our common stock on the secondary market.

These factors could have a material adverse effect on the trading price, liquidity, value and marketability of our common stock.

Provisions in our charter documents could prevent or delay a change in control or a takeover.

Provisions in our bylaws provide certain requirements for the nomination of directors which preclude a stockholder from nominating a candidate to stand for election at any annual meeting. As described in Section 2.12 of the Company’s bylaws, nominations must be presented to the Company well in advance of a scheduled annual meeting and the notification must include specific information as set forth in that section. The Company believes that such a provision provides reasonable notice of the nominees to the Board, but it may preclude stockholder nomination at a meeting where the stockholder is not familiar with nomination procedures and, therefore, may prevent or delay a change of control or takeover.

Although the Delaware General Corporation Law includes §112 which provides that bylaws of Delaware corporations may require the corporation to include in its proxy materials one or more nominees submitted by stockholders in addition to individuals nominated by the Board, the bylaws of the Company do not so provide. As a result, if any stockholder desires to nominate persons for election to the Board, the proponent will have to incur all the costs normally associated with a proxy contest.

General Risk Factors

Indemnification of officers and directors may result in unanticipated expenses.

The Delaware General Corporation Law, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws, and indemnification agreements between the Company and certain individuals provide for the indemnification of our directors, officers, employees, and agents, under certain circumstances, against attorney’s fees and other expenses incurred by them in any litigation to which they become a party arising from their association with us or activities on our behalf. We also will bear the expenses of such litigation for any of our directors, officers, employees, or agents, upon such person’s promise to repay them if it is ultimately determined that any such person shall not have been entitled to indemnification. This indemnification policy could result in substantial expenditures by us that we may be unable to recoup and could direct funds away from our business and products (if any).

We have significant obligations under the 1934 Act and the NYSE American.

Because we are a public company filing reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we are subject to increased regulatory scrutiny and extensive and complex regulation. The SEC has the right to review the accuracy and completeness of our reports, press releases, and other public documents. In addition, we are subject to extensive requirements to institute and maintain financial accounting controls and for the accuracy and completeness of our books and records. In addition to regulation by the SEC, we are subject to the NYSE American rules. The NYSE American rules contain requirements with respect to corporate governance, communications with shareholders, and various other matters. The cost of compliance with many of these requirements is substantial, not only in absolute terms but, more importantly, in relation to the overall scope of the operations of a small company. Failure to comply with these requirements can have numerous adverse consequences, including, but not limited to, our inability to file required periodic reports on a timely basis, loss of market confidence, delisting of our securities and/or governmental or private actions against us. We cannot make assurances that we will be able to comply with all of these requirements or that the cost of such compliance will not prove to be a substantial competitive disadvantage as compared with privately held and larger public competitors.

Our operations are subject to cybersecurity attacks that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our operations are increasingly dependent on digital technologies and services. We use these technologies for internal purposes, including data storage, processing and transmissions, as well as in our interactions with customers and suppliers. Digital technologies are subject to the risk of cybersecurity attacks. If our systems for protecting against cybersecurity risks prove not to be sufficient, we could be adversely affected by, among other things: loss of or damage to intellectual property, proprietary or confidential information, or customer, supplier, or employee data; interruption of our business operations; and increased costs required to prevent, respond to, or mitigate cybersecurity attacks. These risks could harm our reputation and our relationships with customers, suppliers, employees and other third parties, and may result in claims against us. These risks could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTIES

The following table sets forth real property owned and leased by the Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2022. Unless otherwise indicated, the properties are used in Heat Waves’ operations.

Owned Properties:

    (1)          Property is collateral for mortgage debt obligation.

Leased Properties: 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 

On November 8, 2021, Amanda Mordica, a Texas resident, filed a complaint in Texas State Court in Atascosa County, against the Company, its wholly owned subsidiary, Heat Waves Hot Oil Service LLC, and two individual former Company employees alleging negligence by the Company and its subsidiary in connection with a traffic accident sustained by Ms. Mordica on November 19, 2019. On August 9, 2022, the Company, its insurance carriers, and the plaintiff entered into a mediated settlement of all claims against all parties in the matter of the auto liability claim. The $9.3 million settlement agreement was executed by all parties in September 2022. The insurance claim payment to the plaintiff was covered by the Company’s insurance policies.

On May 22, 2022, Ali Safe, acting individually and on behalf of others, filed a class action complaint in United States District Court for the District of Colorado alleging that the Company and certain of its officers violated securities laws in relation to certain of its SEC Form 10-Q filings in 2021 which required amendments and restatements to such filings. On November 28, 2022, the plaintiff amended their complaint primarily to add Jan Lambert as lead plaintiff and to include Cross River Partners, L.P. and Cross River Capital Management, LLC as defendants.

On February 10, 2023, the Company filed a motion in the United State District Court of Colorado to dismiss the class action complaint. We believe the class action complaint is baseless and without merit and have engaged counsel to vigorously defend the Company against the claim. The Company has Director’s and Officer’s insurance coverage to defend against such claims and the Company's insurance carriers have been notified about the lawsuit. While we believe the claim is without merit, there can be no assurances that a favorable final outcome will be obtained, and defending any lawsuit can be costly and can impose a significant burden on management and employees. Any litigation to which we are a party may result in an unfavorable judgment that may not be reversed upon appeal or in payments of substantial monetary damages or fines, or we may decide to settle such lawsuit on similarly unfavorable terms, either of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. The Company maintains Director’s and Officer’s insurance, which coverage contains deductibles below which the Company bares the risk of legal expenses and claims settlements. In the event of a substantial claim settlement or award, the financial burden upon the Company could be significant. Furthermore, there can be no assurances that our insurance coverage will be available in sufficient amounts to cover such a claim, or at all.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on the NYSE American under the symbol "ENSV." The table below sets forth the high and low daily closing sales prices of the Company’s common stock during the periods indicated as reported by the New York Stock Exchange for each of the quarters in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively: 

The closing sales price of the Company’s common stock as reported on March 22, 2023, was $0.467 per share.

Holders

As of March 22, 2023, there were 180 holders of record of Company common stock. This does not include an indeterminate number of persons who hold our common stock in brokerage accounts and otherwise in "street name."

Dividends

Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by the Company’s Board. The Company did not declare or pay dividends during the years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021, and has no plans at present to declare or pay any dividends.

Decisions concerning dividend payments in the future will depend on income and cash requirements. There are no such restrictions concerning the payment of dividends in our 2022 Financing Facilities (as defined below). Furthermore, to the extent the Company has any earnings, it will likely retain earnings to pay down debt or expand corporate operations and not use such earnings to pay dividends. 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

Information regarding sales of unregistered securities during the periods covered hereby have been included in previous reports on Form 8-K and Form 10-Q.

ITEM 6. RESERVED

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion provides information regarding the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and our financial condition, liquidity and capital resources as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report, which contain further detailed information, as well as the section of this Annual Report titled "Risk Factors." Please also refer to the section under the heading “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

OVERVIEW

The Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary Heat Waves Hot Oil Service LLC ("Heat Waves"), provides various services to the domestic onshore oil and natural gas industry through two segments: 1) Production Services, which include hot oiling and acidizing; and 2) Completion and Other Services, which includes frac water heating and other services. The Company owns and operates a fleet of approximately 350 specialized trucks, trailers, frac tanks and other well-site related equipment and serves customers in several major domestic oil and gas areas, including the DJ Basin/Niobrara area in Colorado and Wyoming, the Bakken area in North Dakota, the San Juan Basin in northwestern New Mexico, the Marcellus and Utica Shale areas in Pennsylvania and Ohio, the Jonah area, Green River and Powder River Basins in Wyoming, and the Eagle Ford Shale and East Texas Oilfield in Texas.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Executive Summary 

Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $6.3 million, or 41%, from the comparable period last year. This increase was due to an increased demand in our services due to increased oil and gas prices in 2022, which resulted in a substantial increase in domestic oil and gas well drilling and fracking activities by oil and companies. Consequently, we experienced increased demand for both our Production Services and Completion services, resulting in a significant increase in year-over-year revenues, especially in our Rocky Mountain region. Total segment profit for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $3.4 million, or 171%, from the comparable period last year primarily due to increased demand for our services in 2022 for the reasons mentioned above.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $690,000, or 16%, from the comparable period last year. This increase was primarily due to an increase in our professional services related to the Company's restatement of its Form 10-Qs for all three quarters of 2021, as well as additional audit fees relating to the fiscal year 2021 audit and Form 10-K filing, combined with a significant increase in stock-based compensation in connection with equity awards issued to our current Chief Financial Officer during the second quarter of 2022. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $1.3 million from the comparable period last year. This increase was attributed to interest expense incurred in connection with the 2022 Financing Facilities. There was no interest expense on our prior East West Bank Loan and Security Agreement (the "2017 Amended Credit Facility" or "Senior Revolving Credit Facility") recorded during 2021 in the first three quarters due to accounting for it as a troubled debt restructuring during the third quarter of 2020.

Total other income for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $2.8 million compared to $3.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This decrease of $0.8 million was primarily due to the non-recurrence of Employee Retention Credits recognized by the Company during the first three quarters of 2021, as well as a $2.0 million gain on forgiveness of PPP loan during the third quarter of 2021, partially offset by the gain on debt extinguishment in the current year of $4.3 million.

Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $5.6 million, or $0.48 per share, compared to a net loss of $8.1 million, or $0.74 per share, for the year ended December 31, 2021. This decrease in net loss of $2.5 million, or 31%, was primarily due to a $3.4 million year-over-year increase in our segment profit, partially offset by a period-over-period increase in our sales, general, and administrative expenses, and further offset by the reduction of other income mentioned above.

Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2022 was a loss of $2.6 million compared to a loss of $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP measure in net income (loss) see "Adjusted EBITDA*" below.

Industry Overview 

Beginning in early February of 2022, the market experienced a sharp increase in oil and gas prices, primarily in response to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, resulting in gasoline prices reaching a national average of $5.00 per gallon in June 2022. West Texas Intermediate ("WTI") crude oil prices averaged $94.90 per barrel in 2022, versus an average of $68.13 per barrel in 2021. In response to this increased demand for domestic oil and gas, the domestic rig count increased to 779 rigs in operation as of December 31, 2022, compared to 586 rigs in operation at the same time a year ago. Throughout 2022, we have continued to grow our customer base and allocate resources to the most active basins to further capitalize on the recovering industry environment. We are focused on increasing utilization levels and optimizing the deployment of our equipment and workforce while maintaining high standards for service quality and safe operations. We compete on the basis of the quality, breadth of our service offerings, and price.

The United States operational rig count increased throughout 2021 and continued to increase during 2022, increasing from 586 as of December 31, 2021 to 779 as of December 31, 2022, as oil production and the oil and gas industry rebounded in 2022. This translated into increased industry drilling and completion activity for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 2021. Average domestic rig count increased by 51% from 478 average rigs in operation during the year ended December 31, 2021 to 723 average rigs in operation during the year ended December 31, 2022.

 While demand for our services rebounded in 2022, the Company has not yet returned to pre-pandemic rig levels. However, we expect to see a continued demand for our services and continued exploration and production activity levels in the oil and gas sector in a continued stable commodity price environment.

Segment Overview

Enservco’s reportable operating segments are Production Services and Completion Services including Other Services. These segments have been selected based on management’s resource allocation and performance assessment in making decisions regarding the Company. The following is a description of the segments.

Production Services

This segment utilizes a fleet of hot oiling trucks and acidizing units to provide maintenance services to the domestic oil and gas industry. These services include hot oiling services and acidizing services. Hot oiling is utilized by customers to remove paraffins from wellbores, pipes and vessels. Acidizing services are utilized by customers to clean reservoir surfaces and increase flow rates.

Completion and Other Services

This segment utilizes a fleet of frac water heating units to provide frac water heating services and related support services to the domestic oil and gas industry. These services also include other services for other industries, which consist primarily of hauling and transport of materials and heat treating for customers. Frac water heating is utilized by customers during the completion of oil and gas wells.

Unallocated

This segment includes general overhead expenses and assets associated with managing all reportable operating segments which have not been allocated to a specific segment.

Segment Results

The following tables set forth revenues from operations and segment losses for our operating segments for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

Production Services

Production Services segment revenues, which accounted for 52% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022, increased by $2.2 million, or 24%, to $11.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was primarily attributable to increased hot oiling activity in our Central USA Region, due primarily to elevated oil and gas price levels in 2022. As a result of the higher crude oil prices during 2022, we have worked with our customers and have been successful in implementing price increases for our hot oiling services that are reflected in our increased production services revenues.

Hot oiling revenues increased by $2.0 million, or 24%, to $10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was attributable to the reasons discussed above for Production Services segment revenues.

Acidizing revenues increased by $212,000, or 37%, to $779,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was primarily attributable to increased activity levels and demand for this service line, as well as our continued efforts to pursue customers and partner with chemical suppliers to develop new cost-effective acid programs.

Production Services segment profit increased by $1.4 million, or 194%, to a segment profit of $677,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022. This year-over-year increase in segment profit was primary attributable to the reasons discussed above for Production Services segment revenues, combined with cost saving measures that were implemented to offset the adverse industry conditions that existed throughout 2021. 

Completion and Other Services

Completion and Other Services segment revenues, which accounted for 48% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022, increased by $4.1 million, or 65%, to $10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was primarily due to strong completion activity volume realized during the first and fourth quarters of 2022, resulting from the continued increase in domestic oil and gas activity, especially in our Rocky Mountain Region

Completion and Other Services segment profit increased by $2.0 million, or 158%, for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increased profit was attributable to the reasons discussed above for Completion and Other Services segment revenues, coupled with stricter control over variable costs during 2022 as compared to 2021.

Geographic Areas

The Company operates in three geographically diverse regions of the United States. The following table sets forth revenues from operations for the Company’s three geographic regions during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

Production Services segment revenues in the Rocky Mountain Region decreased by $671,000, or 30%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 when compared to 2021 primarily due to less hot oiling activity in both the Powder River and Green River Basins, as well as the Bakken area. Completion and Other Services segment revenues in the Rocky Mountain Region increased by $3.6 million, or 79%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 when compared to 2021, primarily due to increased demand for our Completions Services in 2022, especially in the DJ Basin and Bakken area, due to the increase in oil prices in 2022.

Production Services segment revenues in the Central USA Region increased by $2.8 million, or 45%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 when compared to 2021 primarily due to increases in hot oiling activity, which were largely the result of increases in oil prices, and acidizing services in the Eagle Ford Shale, as well as a full year of operating results in the East Texas Oilfield in 2022, which began operations in the second quarter of 2021. Completion and Other Services segment revenues in the Central USA Region increased by $714,000, or 558%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 when compared to 2021 primarily due to significant year-over-year increases in water hauling activity in the region.

Production Services segment revenues in the Eastern USA Region increased by $80,000, or 12%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 when compared to 2021 primarily due to increases in hot oiling activity in the Marcellus and Utica Shale formations. Completion and Other Services segment revenues in the Eastern USA Region decreased by $175,000, or 10%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 when compared to 2021 primarily due to decreases in completions activity in the Marcellus Shale formation.

Historical Seasonality of Revenues

Due to the seasonality of our frac water heating business and, to a lesser extent, our hot oiling business, revenues generated during the cooler first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year constitute our "heating season" and are typically significantly higher than revenues during the second and third quarters of our fiscal year. In addition, the revenue mix of our service offerings change outside our heating season as our Completion and Other Services (which includes frac water heating) typically decrease as a percentage of total revenues and our Production Services increase as a percentage of total revenues. Thus, the revenues recognized in our quarterly financial statements in any given period are not indicative of the annual or quarterly revenues that should be expected throughout the remainder of that fiscal year.

As an example of this quarter-to-quarter revenue seasonality, the Company generated $15.1 million, or 70% of its 2022 revenues, during the first and fourth quarters, compared to $6.6 million, or 30% of 2022 revenues, during the second and third quarters of 2022. Due to above average temperatures in the fourth quarter of 2021 in many of the regions the Company operates in, there was a delayed start to the heating season for 2021. As a result, this seasonality was not as pronounced in 2021 as it has been in previous years. The Company generated $9.2 million, or 60% of its 2021 revenues during the first and fourth quarters, compared to $6.1 million, or 40% of revenues during the second and third quarters of 2021.

Direct Operating Expenses

Direct operating expenses for our operating segments, which include labor costs, propane, fuel, chemicals, truck repairs and maintenance, supplies, insurance, short-term rental costs and site overhead costs, increased $2.9 million, or 17%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was primarily attributed to the increase in overall Production and Completion service activity performed in 2022 compared to 2021.

Sales, General and Administrative Expenses

Sales, general and administrative expenses increased by $690,000, or 16%, from the comparable period last year. This increase was primarily due to an increase in our professional services, due to the Company's restatement of its Form 10-Qs for all three quarters of 2021, as well as additional audit fees relating to the fiscal year 2021 audit and Form 10-K filing, combined with a significant increase in stock-based compensation in connection with a one time equity award issued to our current Chief Financial Officer during the second quarter of 2022.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $868,000, or 17%, year-over-year, due to the selling and disposing of certain idle trucks and vehicles within our property and equipment during the first three quarters of 2022, which created a smaller depreciable base on which our depreciation expense is calculated.

Severance and Transition Costs

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $303,000 in severance and transitions costs, as part of the severance agreement related to the resignation of a former Chief Financial Officer in the second quarter of 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized severance and transition costs of $7,000.

Loss from Operations

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized a loss from operations of $8.4 million compared to a loss from operations of $11.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decreased loss of $3.0 million was primarily due to a $3.4 million year-over-year increase in our segment profit, partially offset by a period-over-period increase in our sales, general, and administrative expenses.

Interest Expense

For the year ended December 31, 2022, interest expense was $1.4 million as compared to $57,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The year-over-year increase was attributed to interest expense incurred in connection with the 2022 Financing Facilities. There was no interest expense on our former primary debt obligation (2017 Amended Credit Facility) recorded during 2021 in the first three quarters due to the accounting for it as a troubled debt restructuring during the third quarter of 2020.

Income Taxes

The Company did not incur nor record income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022. During the first quarter of 2021 the Company experienced a change in control pursuant to the issuance of 4,199,998 shares of Company common stock in a registered public offering. As a result of this change in control, and in accordance with Internal Revenue Code Section 382, the realizability of the Company's deferred tax assets became limited. Based on management's judgment, the Company estimated that as of December 31, 2021, $273,000 of deferred tax liabilities could no longer be used as a source of income to recognize the benefits of deferred tax assets and, as such, required the recording of additional valuation allowance of $273,000 through deferred income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2021. 

Adjusted EBITDA*

Management believes that, for the reasons set forth below, Adjusted EBITDA (a non-GAAP measure) is a valuable measurement of the Company's liquidity and performance and is consistent with the measurements offered by other companies in Enservco's industry. The following table presents a reconciliation of our net loss to Adjusted EBITDA for years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

______________________________

(1) Relates to the Refinancing, as defined and described in Note 5 - Debt in the consolidated financial statements.

*   See below for discussion of the use of non-GAAP financial measurements.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Non-GAAP results are presented only as a supplement to the financial statements and for use within management’s discussion and analysis based on accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). The non-GAAP financial information is provided to enhance the reader's understanding of the Company’s financial performance, but no non-GAAP measure should be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliations of the most directly comparable GAAP measures to non-GAAP measures are provided herein.

EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) before interest expense, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA excludes stock-based compensation expense from EBITDA and, when appropriate, other items that management does not utilize in assessing the Company’s ongoing operating performance as set forth in the next paragraph. None of these non-GAAP financial measures are recognized terms under GAAP and do not purport to be an alternative to net income (loss) as an indicator of operating performance or any other GAAP measure.

All the items included in the reconciliation from net (loss) to EBITDA and from EBITDA to Adjusted EBITDA are either (i) non-cash items (e.g., depreciation, amortization of purchased intangibles, stock-based compensation expense, impairment losses, etc.) or (ii) items that management does not consider to be useful in assessing the Company’s ongoing operating performance (e.g., income taxes, gains or losses on sales of assets, acquisition-related expenses, severance and transition costs, impairment loss, other expense (income), EBITDA related to discontinued operations, etc.). In the case of the non-cash items, management believes that investors can better assess the company’s operating performance if the measures are presented without such items because, unlike cash expenses, these adjustments do not affect the Company’s ability to generate free cash flow or invest in its business.

We use, and we believe investors benefit from the presentation of, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in evaluating our operating performance because it provides us and our investors with an additional tool to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis by removing the impact of certain items that management believes do not directly reflect our core operations. We believe that EBITDA is useful to investors and other external users of our financial statements in evaluating our operating performance because EBITDA is widely used by investors to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items such as interest expense, taxes, and depreciation and amortization, which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon accounting methods and book value of assets, capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired.

Because not all companies use identical calculations, the Company’s presentation of non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. However, these measures can still be useful in evaluating the Company’s performance against its peer companies because management believes the measures provide users with valuable insight into key components of GAAP financial disclosures.

Changes in Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA loss decreased by $3.4 million, or 56%, to a loss of $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to an Adjusted EBITDA loss of $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This decreased loss was due to the year-over-year improvement in our segment profit.    

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

As of December 31, 2022, we had outstanding principal loan balances on our outstanding indebtedness of approximately $12.0 million with a weighted average interest rate of 12.13% per year.

The following table summarizes our statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 and, combined with the working capital table and discussion below, is important for understanding our liquidity (in thousands):

The following table sets forth a summary of certain aspects of our balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Overview

On March 24, 2022, the Company completed a refinancing transaction (the “Refinancing”) in which it terminated its existing 2017 Amended Credit Facility with the East West Bank, which had an outstanding principal balance of $13.8 million. Pursuant to the pay-off letter dated as of March 18, 2022 by the Company, certain wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company and East West Bank, and in full satisfaction of the Company’s obligations under the 2017 Amended Credit Facility, the Company paid East West Bank $8.4 million in cash and agreed to pay East West Bank 5% of the net proceeds that the Company receives under the Receivables Financing (as defined below), up to a maximum of $1.0 million.

As part of the Refinancing, on March 24, 2022, Heat Waves entered into a Master Lease Agreement (the “Utica Facility”) with Utica Leaseco, LLC (“Utica”), pursuant to which Utica provided an equipment-collateralized loan to the Company in the amount of $6,225,000. Under the Utica Facility, the Company is required to make 51 monthly payments of $168,075 each and a monthly surcharge of 1.00% of the monthly payment amount per month for every 0.25% that the prime rate of Comerica Bank exceeds 3.25%. The aforementioned surcharge is discretionary on the part of Utica, beginning on July 1, 2022, and is calculated twice yearly on each of January 1 and July 1, thereafter. This surcharge will be added to the monthly Basic Rent (as such term is defined in the Master Lease Agreement) due under the Utica Facility, and be due and payable with the next regularly scheduled Basic Rent payment under such schedule and on each payment date thereafter. At the end of the fifty-one month term, the Company is required to make a residual payment to Utica between 1% and 10% of the initial principal amount, or between $62,250 and $622,500, based on a debt coverage criteria. The Utica Facility is secured by all the Company’s equipment and proceeds from the sale of such equipment. The Company also has the option, after 12 months, to prepay $1.0 million of the Utica Facility in exchange for a reduced payment schedule. The Company has agreed to guarantee the obligations of Heat Waves under the Utica Facility pursuant to an unsecured Master Lease Guaranty with Utica.

In addition, as part of the Refinancing, on March 24, 2022, Heat Waves entered into an Invoice Purchase Agreement (the “Receivables Financing” and together with the Utica Facility, the “2022 Financing Facilities”) with LSQ Funding Group, LLC (“LSQ”) pursuant to which LSQ will provide receivables factoring to Heat Waves. Under the Receivables Financing, LSQ will advance up to 85% on accounts receivable factored by Heat Waves, up to a maximum of $10.0 million. LSQ will receive fees equal to 0.1% of the receivables purchased in addition to a funds usage daily fee of 0.021% of the outstanding balance purchased. The Receivables Financing initially has an 18-month term that can be terminated upon payment of certain fees. The Receivables Financing is secured by a security interest in Heat Wave’s accounts receivables and proceeds from such accounts receivable. Heat Wave’s obligations under the Receivables Financing are guaranteed by the Company pursuant to an unsecured Entity Guaranty. 

The Utica Facility and the Receivables Financing are subject to an Intercreditor Agreement dated on or about March 24, 2022 by and among Utica, LSQ, Heat Waves, and the Company (the “Intercreditor Agreement”).

Also, as part of the Refinancing, on March 22, 2022, the Company issued a $1.2 million convertible subordinated promissory note (the “March 2022 Convertible Note”) to Cross River, an entity controlled by Richard Murphy, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman. The March 2022 Convertible Note has a six-year term and accrues interest at seven percent per annum. The Company is required to make quarterly interest-only payments under the March 2022 Convertible Note for the first year starting June 30, 2022, followed by principal and interest payments for the remaining five years based upon a ten-year amortization schedule. The March 2022 Convertible Note is unsecured and subordinated to any secured debt obligations, including the Utica Facility and the Receivable Financing. Subject to any required stockholder approval, outstanding principal and accrued but unpaid interest under the March 2022 Convertible Note is convertible at the option of Cross River into common stock of the Company at a conversion price equal to the average closing price of the Company’s common stock on the five days prior to the date of any such conversion.

On July 15, 2022, the Company entered into a convertible subordinated promissory note (the “July 2022 Convertible Note”) with Cross River whereby the Company received $1.2 million of capital for general working capital purposes. The July 2022 Convertible Note matures six years from the date of issuance and carries interest at the rate of 7.75% per annum. The Company is required to make quarterly interest-only payments for the first year starting September 30, 2022, followed by principal and interest payments for the remaining five years based upon a ten-year amortization schedule. The July 2022 Convertible Note is unsecured and junior and subordinate to indebtedness which the Company may now or at any time hereafter owe to any lender. Subject to any required stockholder approval, all or some of the outstanding principal and accrued but unpaid interest under the July 2022 Convertible Note is convertible at the option of Cross River into (i) common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $1.69 per share; or (ii) equity securities issued by the Company in an equity offering with minimum offering proceeds to the Company (net of any related placement agent or underwriting fees) of $1.2 million at the conversion price per equity security issued in such equity offering.

On September 22, 2022, the Company entered into a revolving credit facility with Cross River pursuant to which the Company issued a $750,000 revolving promissory note to Cross River (the “Cross River Revolver Note”). The Cross River Revolver Note is structured as a revolving credit facility to the Company with advances to be made on an ad hoc basis by Cross River to the Company. The Cross River Revolver Note has a one-year term and accrues interest at 8.00% per annum. Prior to the September 22, 2023 maturity date, the Company is required to make principal payments to Cross River upon demand with thirty (30) days’ notice. The Cross River Revolver Note is not convertible into the Company’s equity and is secured by certain of the Company’s owned real property located in North Dakota.

On November 3, 2022, the Company entered into a note exchange agreement with Cross River pursuant to which Cross River loaned an additional $450,000 to the Company, exchanged the $750,000 Cross River Revolver Note for a $1.2 million convertible secured subordinated promissory note (the “November 2022 Convertible Note”) and received a five-year warrant to acquire 568,720 shares of Company common stock at $2.11 per share. These warrants are subject to limitation such that the number of shares that may be issued shall not exceed obligations under rules of regulations of the principal market. The November 2022 Convertible Note has a two-year term and accrues interest at 10.00% per annum, payable quarterly starting March 30, 2023 at the option of the Company in cash or the Company’s common stock. Subject to any shareholder approval required by any exchange upon which the Company’s common stock is then listed, the principal and accrued interest of the November 2022 Convertible Note is convertible into the Company’s common stock at a conversion price equal to the lower of $2.11 per share or the per share price the Company receives for its common stock in the next subsequent equity offering in excess of $2.0 million. The November 2022 Convertible Note is secured by two Company-owned parcels of real property located in North Dakota. On December 13, 2022, the Company sold one of these two parcels for a combination of cash and a promissory note/mortgage totaling $550,000. As consideration for Cross River releasing its security interest on such parcel, the Company has agreed that it will enter into a collateral assignment of the security on such parcel back to Cross River in the event the buyer defaults on their promissory note/mortgage to the Company

We have relied on cash flows from operations to satisfy our liquidity needs. Although we had a $1.0 million line of credit under our previous 2017 Amended Credit Facility with East West Bank, we were unable to borrow under such line of credit which impacted our ability to fund operations during our busy heating season during the fourth quarter of 2021 and the first quarter of 2022. We believe that our ability to utilize the Receivables Financing, as well as the equity proceeds received from our registered direct public offering completed in February 2023, will have a positive impact on our liquidity, especially during the busier heating season. Our capital requirements for 2023 are anticipated to include, but are not limited to, operating expenses, debt servicing, and capital expenditures, including maintenance of our existing fleet of assets. 

In February 2023, the Company raised net proceeds of $3.2 million through the issuance of 3,900,000 shares of common stock, 3,100,000 pre-funded warrants, and 7,000,000 common warrants in a registered direct offering (the “February 2023 Public Offering”).

On March 28, 2023, Cross River converted approximately $1.1 million principal amount of the March 2022 Convertible Note into 2,275,000 shares of Company common stock. Subject to stockholder approval at the Company’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, Cross River intends to convert the balance of the March 2022 Convertible Note into 322,402 shares of Company common stock and the July 2022 Convertible Note into 2,400,000 shares of Company common stock and 2,400,000 warrants to acquire Company common stock at $0.55 per share.

Liquidity

As of December 31, 2022, our available liquidity was $35,000, which represented our cash and cash equivalents balance of $35,000. On February 27, 2023, the Company completed a registered public offering, the February 2023 Public Offering, pursuant to which we sold 3,900,000 shares of common stock, (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,100,000 shares of common stock and (iii) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 7,000,000 shares of common stock and received net proceeds of $3.2 million. Although the Company believes the Refinancing, recent Cross River convertible promissory note financings, proceeds from the February 2023 Public Offering, and cash from operations will provide sufficient liquidity for at least the next twelve months, the Company may need to raise additional capital for its growth and ongoing operations. If the Company seeks additional sources of financing, there can be no assurance that such financing would be available to the Company on favorable terms, or at all, including further financing from Cross River. The Company’s ability to obtain additional financing in the debt and equity capital markets, whether public or private, is subject to several factors including market and economic conditions, the Company’s performance, and investor sentiment with respect to the Company and its industry.

Working Capital

As of December 31, 2022, we had a working capital deficit of $4.3 million compared to a working capital deficit of $6.9 million as of December 31, 2021. This $2.6 million decrease in working capital deficit was primarily attributable to our prior indebtedness under the 2017 Amended Credit Facility being classified as current as of December 31, 2021 due to the maturity date of October 15, 2022. See Note 5 - Debt for further discussion of the 2017 Amended Credit Facility and the 2022 Financing Facilities.

Deferred Tax Liability, net

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had a valuation allowance of $9.0 million which reduced its net deferred tax liabilities to $273,000. 

Cash Flow from Operating Activities

Cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $2.2 million compared to cash used in operating activities of $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This decrease in cash used in operating activities of $2.6 million was primarily due to a $3.1 million year-over-year improvement in net working capital, partially offset by year-over-year increases in sales, general, and administrative expenses and severance and transition costs.

Cash Flow from Investing Activities

Cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $343,000 compared to cash used in investing activities of $200,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase in cash provided by investing activities of $543,000 was primarily due to current year proceeds from disposals of property and equipment exceeding that of the prior year, as well as year-over-year reductions in purchases of property and equipment

Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities for year ended December 31, 2022 was $1.8 million compared to cash provided by financing activities of $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This decrease in cash provided by financing activities of $1.9 million was primarily due to the non-recurrence of approximately $8.8 million of net cash generated through the February 2021 Public Offering from the prior year, partially offset by the 2022 Financing Facilities and activity relating to the various Cross River promissory notes consummated in the current year.

Class Action Litigation

On May 22, 2022, Ali Safe, acting individually and on behalf of others, filed a class action complaint in United States District Court for the District of Colorado alleging that the Company and certain of its officers violated securities laws in relation to certain of its SEC Form 10-Q filings in 2021 which required amendments and restatements to such filings. On November 28, 2022, the plaintiff amended their complaint primarily to add Jan Lambert as lead plaintiff, and to include Cross River Partners, L.P. and Cross River Capital Management, LLC as defendants.

On February 10, 2023, the Company filed a motion in the United State District Court of Colorado to dismiss the class action complaint, citing a lack of specific facts and evidence brought by the plaintiffs in alleging the Company and certain of its officers committed securities fraud. We believe the class action complaint is baseless and without merit and have engaged counsel to vigorously defend the Company against the claim. The Company has Director’s and Officer’s insurance coverage to defend against such claims and the Company's insurance carriers have been notified about the lawsuit. While we believe the claims are without merit, there can be no assurances that a favorable final outcome will be obtained, and defending any lawsuit can be costly and can impose a significant burden on management and employees. Any litigation to which we are a party may result in an unfavorable judgment that may not be reversed upon appeal or in payments of substantial monetary damages or fines, or we may decide to settle such lawsuit on similarly unfavorable terms, either of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Furthermore, there can be no assurances that our insurance coverage will be available in sufficient amounts to cover such a claim, or at all.

Outlook

Our business is heavily dependent on domestic oil and gas exploration and production activity levels which fluctuate based on energy commodity prices, weather that affects customer demand for our frac water heating business, capital budgets, and other factors. We continue to seek opportunities to expand our business operations through organic growth, including increasing the volume of current services offered to our new and existing customers and relocating more of our equipment to increase utilization. We will also continue to expand our customer relationships while maintaining an appropriate balance between recurring maintenance work and drilling and completion related services. Management currently believes we will continue to have an opportunity to improve and enhance our reputation, and to provide competitive services to our customers and improve our operating efficiency.    

Over the past several years we have invested significantly in process improvement initiatives designed to make the Company operate more efficiently and take better advantage of our expanded fleet and a national leadership position in hot oiling, acidizing and frac water heating. We faced a very difficult operating environment during much of 2021 which showed real signs of improvement throughout 2022 with continued increases in crude oil prices and active domestic oil rigs. While crude oil prices and active domestic oil rigs continued to rise throughout 2022, rig counts continue to be over 20% below pre-pandemic levels. Additionally, E&P companies have continued their recent focus on improving free cash flow, debt reduction, and capital discipline, at the expense of rapidly increasing drilling activity even as crude oil prices rose above $100 per barrel.      

Increases in oil prices, caused in part by the war in Ukraine, combined with a relatively colder winter, has resulted in an increased demand for the Company’s services. However, the demand for oil remains uncertain given global political tensions, such as in Ukraine, and persistent supply shortages that have resulted in significant inflation un the United States. While increases in oil prices generally correlates with an increase in demand for the Company’s services, uncertainties regarding global political tensions, wars, inflation, and increasing interest rates could have a negative impact in the Company’s 2023 performance.

The full extent of the impact of COVID-19, inflation, supply shortages and the impact of increasing oil prices on our operations and financial performance depends on future developments that are uncertain and unpredictable, including the outbreak of any new COVID-19 variants, its impact on capital and financial markets, any new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the virus, its spread to other regions as well as the actions taken to contain it, and production response of domestic oil producers to lower oil prices, among others.

Capital Commitments and Obligations

Our capital commitments and obligations as of December 31, 2022 consist primarily of the 2022 Financing Facilities and various Cross River promissory notes. In addition, we also have scheduled principal payments under certain term loans, debt obligations, finance leases and operating leases. General terms and conditions for amounts due under these commitments and obligations are summarized in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make a variety of estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and (ii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods covered by the financial statements.

Our management routinely makes judgments and estimates about the impact of matters that are inherently uncertain. As the number of variables and assumptions affecting the future resolution of the uncertainties increase, these judgments become even more subjective and complex. Although we believe that our estimates and assumptions are reasonable, actual results may differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in estimates and assumptions based upon actual results may have a material impact on our results of operation and/or financial condition. Our significant accounting policies are disclosed in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Developments included in Item 8 of this Annual Report.

While all the significant accounting estimates are important to the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, the following accounting policies and the estimates derived there from have been identified as being critical. 

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are stated at the amounts billed to customers, net of an allowance for uncollectible accounts. The Company provides an allowance for uncollectable accounts based on a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information and existing economic conditions. The allowance for uncollectible amounts is continually reviewed and adjusted to maintain the allowance at a level considered adequate to cover future losses. The allowance is management's best estimate of uncollectible amounts and is determined based on historical collection experience related to accounts receivable coupled with a review of the current status of existing receivables. The losses ultimately incurred could differ materially in the near term from the amounts estimated in determining the allowance.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances (i.e. "triggering events") indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recovered. If a triggering event has been identified, the Company looks primarily to the undiscounted future cash flows in its assessment of whether or not long-lived assets have been impaired.  

Revenue Recognition

The Company evaluates revenue when we can identify the contract with the customer, the performance obligations in the contract, the transaction price, and we are certain that the performance obligations have been met. Revenue is recognized when the service has been provided to the customer. The vast majority of the Company's services and product offerings are short-term in nature. The time between invoicing and when payment is due under these arrangements is generally thirty to sixty days. Revenue is not generated from contractual arrangements that include multiple performance obligations.

The Company’s agreements with its customers are often referred to as "price sheets" and sometimes provide pricing for multiple services. However, these agreements generally do not authorize the performance of specific services or provide for guaranteed throughput amounts. As customers are free to choose which services, if any, to use based on the Company’s price sheet, the Company prices its separate services on the basis of their standalone selling prices. Customer agreements generally do not provide for performance, cancellation, termination, or refund type provisions. Services based on price sheets with customers are generally performed under separately issued "work orders" or "field tickets" as services are requested.

Revenue is recognized for certain projects that take more than one day as projects over time based on the number of days during the reporting period and the agreed upon price as work progresses on each project.

Contingent Liabilities

From time-to-time, the Company will have contingent liabilities that arise in the course of business, usually as it pertains to certain lawsuits in which the Company is involved. When a future contingent liability becomes both probable and estimable, the Company will record a liability for the estimated amount, as well as any offsetting receivables in the event the claim is probable to be covered by an insurance policy. In the event there is a range of outcomes and no amount is determined to be most probable, the Company will record a liability and, if applicable due to likelihood of insurance coverage, a receivable for the low end of the range. In the event the Company makes a firm offer in order to settle a lawsuit, the Company will record a liability for the amount of the offer at that time. 

Classification and Valuation of Warrants

The Company analyzes warrant instruments under ASC 480-10, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, to determine the classification of the warrants. More specifically, the Company determines if the warrant contains any special redemption features or is subject to derivative accounting rules. None of the Company's issued warrants meet any of these criteria and are all classified as permanent equity.

The Company uses a Black-Scholes model to determine the fair value of certain warrants. The expected term used was the remaining contractual term. Expected volatility is based upon historical volatility over a term consistent with the remaining term. The risk-free interest rate is derived from the yield on zero-coupon United States government securities with a remaining term equal to the contractual term of the warrants. The dividend yield is assumed to be zero.

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets based on the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities will be recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred income taxes are classified as a net current or non-current asset or liability based on the classification of the related asset or liability for financial reporting purposes. A deferred tax asset or liability that is not related to an asset or liability for financial reporting is classified according to the expected reversal date. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that it believes is more likely than not expected to be realized.

The Company accounts for any uncertainty in income taxes by recognizing the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company measures the tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The application of income tax law is inherently complex. Laws and regulations in this area are voluminous and are often ambiguous. As such, the Company is required to make many subjective assumptions and judgments regarding income tax exposures. Interpretations of and guidance surrounding income tax law and regulations change over time and may result in changes to the Company’s subjective assumptions and judgments which can materially affect amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income. The result of the reassessment of the Company’s tax positions did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Interest and penalties associated with tax positions are recorded in the period assessed as income tax expense. The Company files income tax returns in the United States and in the states in which it conducts its business operations. The Company’s federal income tax filings for tax years 2019 through 2022 remain open to examination. In general, the Company’s various state tax filings remain open for tax years 2018 to 2022.

Going Concern

The Company utilizes a cash forecast model to evaluate the ability of future cash flows to fund continuing operations. The Company analyzes projected cash flows to determine if they are sufficient to fund the operations and obligations of the Company for a period of time that extends twelve months or more from the date of the applicable filing.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information under this Item.

ENSERVCO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

ENSERVCO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations 

(In thousands except per share amounts)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

ENSERVCO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

ENSERVCO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands) 

ENSERVCO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands) 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

ENSERVCO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation

Enservco Corporation ("Enservco") through its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the "Company," "we" or "us") provides various services to the domestic onshore oil and natural gas industry. These services include hot oiling and acidizing ("Production Services") and frac water heating ("Completion and Other Services").

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been derived from the accounting records of Enservco Corporation, Heat Waves Hot Oil Service LLC ("Heat Waves"), Dillco Fluid Service, Inc. ("Dillco"), Heat Waves Water Management LLC ("HWWM"), and Adler Hot Oil Service, LLC ("Adler") (collectively, the "Company") as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and the results of operations for the years then ended.

The below table provides an overview of the Company’s current ownership hierarchy:

The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Developments

Recent Developments and Going Concern

On March 24, 2022, the Company completed a refinancing transaction (the "Refinancing") which terminated our existing $13.8 million Senior Revolving Credit Facility (or "2017 Amended Credit Facility") with East West Bank. Pursuant to the pay-off letter dated as of March 18, 2022 by and among the Company, certain wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company, and East West Bank, in full satisfaction of the Company’s obligations under the 2017 Amended Credit Facility, paid East West Bank $8.4 million in cash and agreed to pay East West Bank five percent of the net proceeds that the Company receives under the Receivables Financing (as defined in Note 5 - Debt), up to a maximum of $1.0 million. 

Further, and in conjunction with the Refinancing, in March 2022 the Company entered into a new financing arrangement with lenders. The new facilities consist of a term debt facility, a receivables factoring agreement, as well as a convertible subordinated promissory note (the "March 2022 Convertible Note"), the latter of which was issued by Cross River Partners, LP ("Cross River"), a related party entity controlled by Richard Murphy, the Company’s CEO and Chairman. Upon entry into these facilities, East West Bank agreed to forgive $4.3 million of the Company's indebtedness under the 2017 Amended Credit Facility. In July 2022, the Company entered into a second convertible subordinated promissory note (the "July 2022 Convertible Note") with Cross River, whereby the Company received $1.2 million of capital for general working capital purposes. In September 2022, the Company entered into a $750,000 revolving credit facility with Cross River (the "Cross River Revolver Note"). Additionally, on November 3, 2022, the Company entered into a note exchange agreement with Cross River, pursuant to which Cross River loaned an additional $450,000 to the Company, and exchanged the $750,000 Cross River Revolver Note for a $1.2 million convertible secured subordinated promissory note (the “November 2022 Convertible Note”) and received a five-year warrant to acquire 568,720 shares of Company common stock exercisable at $2.11 per share. These warrants are subject to limitation such that the number of shares that may be issued shall not exceed obligations under rules of regulations of the principal market. The Refinancing, as well as the recent Cross River convertible notes and revolver financings are more fully described in Note 5 - Debt. 

On February 22, 2023, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain investors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the investors (i) 3,900,000 shares of Company common stock, (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase 3,100,000 shares of Company common stock and (iii) common warrants to purchase 7,000,000 shares of Company common stock. The shares of common stock, or pre-funded warrants in lieu thereof, and the common warrants were sold in units, with each unit consisting of one share of common stock or one pre-funded warrant in lieu thereof and one common warrant. Each unit comprised of common stock and common warrants were sold at a per unit price of $0.50. Each unit comprised of pre-funded warrants and common warrants were sold at a per unit price of $0.495, which represents the same per unit price less the $0.005 per share exercise price of the pre-funded warrants. The Common Warrants are exercisable at a price of $0.55 per share, and have a five year term. The net proceeds from the offering were $3.2 million, after deducting Placement Agent fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company intends to use the net proceeds for (i) general corporate purposes and (ii) potential future acquisitions. General corporate purposes may include working capital, general and administrative expenses, and repayment of outstanding indebtedness. We may use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire complementary technologies or businesses; however, we currently have no agreements or commitments to complete any such transactions.

On March 28, 2023, Cross River converted approximately $1.1 million principal amount of the March 2022 Convertible Note into 2,275,000 shares of Company common stock. Subject to stockholder approval at the Company’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, Cross River intends to convert the balance of the March 2022 Convertible Note into 322,402 shares of Company common stock and the July 2022 Convertible Note into 2,400,000 shares of Company common stock and 2,400,000 warrants to acquire Company common stock at $0.55 per share.

Our financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis, which contemplates the continuity of normal business activities and the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we incurred net losses of $5.6 million and $8.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, we had total current liabilities of $10.2 million, which exceeded our total current assets of $6.0 million, or a working capital deficit of approximately $4.3 million. As of December 31, 2021, we had total current assets of $5.6 million and total current liabilities of $12.5 million, or a working capital deficit of $6.9 million. During 2022, the Company underwent a thorough analysis of costs incurred by the Company including payroll and related costs, capital expenditures and profitability of our segments. As such, hiring practices and headcount were significantly modified and reduced, and unprofitable locations were closed. Due to the recent developments and the improvements to our financial position noted above, especially as it relates to the Refinancing and the February 2023 Public Offering, the Company believes there is not substantial doubt over our ability to continue as a going concern from one year after the date of issuance of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Note 5 - Debt for a description of the Refinancing.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company continually monitors its positions with, and the credit quality of, the financial institutions with which it invests. The Company maintains its excess cash in various financial institutions, where deposits may exceed federally insured amounts at times.

Accounts Receivable 

Accounts receivable are stated at the amounts billed to customers, net of an allowance for uncollectible accounts. The Company provides an allowance for uncollectible accounts based on a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information and existing economic conditions. The allowance for uncollectible amounts is continually reviewed and adjusted to maintain the allowance at a level considered adequate to cover future losses. The allowance is management's best estimate of uncollectible amounts and is determined based on historical collection experience related to accounts receivable coupled with a review of the current status of existing receivables. The losses ultimately incurred could differ materially in the near term from the amounts estimated in determining the allowance. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $150,000 and $482,000, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded ($94,000) and $268,000, respectively, to bad debt (recovery) expense. 

Concentrations

As of December 31, 2022, one customer represented more than 10% of the Company's accounts receivable balance at 55%. Revenues from one customer represented 31% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022. This concentration was enhanced by the merger of three customers we serviced during 2021. As of December 31, 2021, two customers represented more than 10% of the Company's accounts receivable balance at 31% and 14%, respectively. Revenues earned from one customer represented 13% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021. 

Inventories

Inventory consists primarily of propane, diesel fuel and chemicals that are used in the servicing of oil wells and is carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value in accordance with the first in, first out method of accounting ("FIFO"). The Company periodically reviews the value of items in inventory and provides write-downs or write-offs of inventory based on its assessment of market conditions. Write-downs and write-offs are charged to cost of goods sold. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized write-offs of inventories of $52,000 and $0, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consists of (i) trucks, trailers and pickups; (ii) water transfer pumps, pipe, lay flat hose, trailers, and other support equipment; (iii) real property which includes land and buildings used for office and shop facilities and wells used for the disposal of water; (iv) other equipment such as tools used for maintaining and repairing vehicles; and (v) office furniture and fixtures and computer equipment. Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. The Company capitalizes interest on certain qualifying assets that are undergoing activities to prepare them for their intended use.  Interest costs incurred during the fabrication period are capitalized and amortized over the life of the assets. The Company charges repairs and maintenance against income when incurred and capitalizes renewals and betterments, which extend the remaining useful life, expand the capacity or efficiency of the assets. Depreciation is recorded on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives ranging from 5 to 30 years.

Any difference between net book value of the property and equipment and the proceeds of an assets’ sale, or settlement of an insurance claim, is recorded as a gain or loss in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Leases

The Company assesses whether an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. We have elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all assets. Operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities are calculated based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the lease start date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease start date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease asset is increased by any lease payments made at or before the lease start date and reduced by lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The lease term includes options to renew or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. The depreciable life of lease assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the lease term. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company conducts a major part of its operations from leased facilities. Each of these leases is accounted for as an operating lease. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date. Operating lease liabilities represent the present value of lease payments not yet paid. Operating lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset and are based upon the operating lease liabilities adjusted for prepayments or accrued lease payments, initial direct costs, lease incentives, and impairment of operating lease assets.

The Company amortizes leasehold improvements over the shorter of the life of the lease or the life of the improvements. 

The Company leases trucks and equipment in the normal course of business, which may be recorded as operating or finance leases, depending on the term of the lease. The Company records rental expense on equipment under operating leases over the lease term as it becomes payable; there are no rent escalation terms associated with these equipment leases. The Company records amortization expense on equipment under finance leases on a straight-line basis as well as interest expense based on our implicit borrowing rate at the date of the lease inception. The equipment leases contain purchase options that allow the Company to purchase the leased equipment at the end of the lease term, based on the market price of the equipment at the time of the lease termination. 

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recovered. The Company reviews both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the business during the analysis of impairment. During the first quarter of 2020, the combination of the COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken by the OPEC+ countries caused oil and gas commodity demand to decrease significantly. The continuing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the current regulatory environment, depressed oil and gas commodity price and demand and the resulting 30% decrease in average active United States oil rig count during the first quarter of 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020, which is historically our largest revenue quarter, led to a slight decrease in revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. In addition, the Company incurred a loss from operations of $11.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company determined that these were triggering events which could indicate impairment of its long-lived assets during the fourth quarter of 2021 as revenue didn't rebound as expediently as expected. The Company reviewed both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the business during the analysis of impairment. During the quantitative review, the Company reviewed its undiscounted future cash flows in its assessment of whether long-lived assets were impaired. The Company determined that there was no impairment of its long-lived assets held and used for the year ended December 31, 2021. Considering the rebound in the oil and gas industry from 2021 to 2022 as discussed throughout this Annual Report, the Company determined that there were no triggering events which could indicate impairment of its long-lived assets for the year ended December 31, 2022. For a description of impairment loss recorded during the year ended December 31, 2021 on Assets Held for Sale, see below.

Assets Held for Sale

The Company classifies long-lived assets to be sold as held for sale in the period in which all the following criteria are met: (i) management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the asset or disposal group; (ii) the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets; (iii) an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the asset or disposal group have been initiated; (iv) the sale of the asset or disposal group is probable, and transfer of the asset or disposal group is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year, except if events or circumstances beyond our control extend the period of time required to sell the asset or disposal group beyond one year; (v) the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and (vi) actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

We initially measure a long-lived asset or disposal group that is classified as held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held-for-sale criteria are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a long-lived asset or disposal group until the date of sale. We assess the fair value of a long-lived asset or disposal group (less any costs to sell) each reporting period that it remains classified as held for sale and report any subsequent changes as an adjustment to the carrying value of the asset or disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the carrying value of the asset at the time it was initially classified as held for sale. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $0 and $128,000, respectively.

Upon determining that a long-lived asset or disposal group meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, the Company ceases depreciation and reports long-lived assets and/or the assets and liabilities of the disposal group, if material, in the line item "Assets held for sale" in our consolidated balance sheets.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets received attributable to business acquisitions and combinations. Goodwill and other intangible assets are measured for impairment at least annually and/or whenever events and circumstances arise that indicate impairment may exist, such as a significant adverse change in the business climate. In assessing the value of goodwill, assets and liabilities are assigned to the reporting units and the appropriate valuation methodologies are used to determine fair value at the reporting unit level. Identified intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.

The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company tests for impairment by comparing the fair value of our reporting units (which for the Company is our reporting segments) to the carrying value of the reporting units. If the carrying value of any reporting unit exceeds the fair value calculated, an impairment loss is recorded for the difference in fair value and carrying value, up to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting units. Our fair value is estimated using a combination of the income and market approaches.

As a result of performing the annual test of impairment, the Company recognized no impairment loss for its goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Revenue Recognition

The Company evaluates revenue when we can identify the contract with the customer, the performance obligations in the contract, the transaction price, and we are certain that the performance obligations have been met. Revenue is recognized when the service has been provided to the customer. The vast majority of the Company's services and product offerings are short-term in nature. The time between invoicing and when payment is due under these arrangements is generally thirty to sixty days. Revenue is not generated from contractual arrangements that include multiple performance obligations.

The Company’s agreements with its customers are often referred to as "price sheets" and sometimes provide pricing for multiple services. However, these agreements generally do not authorize the performance of specific services or provide for guaranteed throughput amounts. As customers are free to choose which services, if any, to use based on the Company’s price sheet, the Company prices its separate services on the basis of their standalone selling prices. Customer agreements generally do not provide for performance, cancellation, termination, or refund type provisions. Services based on price sheets with customers are generally performed under separately issued "work orders" or "field tickets" as services are requested.

Revenue is recognized for certain projects that take more than one day as projects over time based on the number of days during the reporting period and the agreed upon price as work progresses on each project.

Disaggregation of Revenue

See Note 10 - Segment Reporting for disaggregation of revenue.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period is computed using the treasury stock method for Company common stock that may be issued for outstanding stock options or warrants and is computed using the if-converted method for convertible securities and convertible debt.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had unvested restricted stock awards with service and performance conditions. For the year ended December 31, 2022, there were 242,500 unvested restricted shares included in the computation for basic and diluted earnings per share since they are participating share-based awards and are considered outstanding as of the grant date. For the year ended December 31, 2022, there were 25,000 unvested restricted shares that have performance conditions and these shares are also participating share-based awards and are considered outstanding as of the grant date.

As of December 31, 2022, there were outstanding warrants to acquire an aggregate of 1,760,805 shares of Company common stock which have a potentially dilutive impact on earnings per share. See Note 5 - Debt and Note 9 - Stock Options and Restricted Stock. As of December 31, 2022, the outstanding warrants had no aggregate intrinsic value (the difference between the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock on December 31, 2022, and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money instruments). Dilution is not permitted if there are net losses during the period. 

Further, as of December 31, 2022, the Company has three $1.2 million convertible notes outstanding (the "March 2022 Convertible Note", the "July 2022 Convertible Note", and the "November 2022 Convertible Note", as discussed in Note 5 - Debt). The March 2022 Convertible Note is convertible at a conversion price equal to the average closing price of the Company's common stock for a five-day period prior to exercising such conversion. The July 2022 Convertible Note is convertible at a conversion price of $1.69 per share or equity securities issued by the Company in an equity offering with minimum offering proceeds to the Company (net of any related placement agent or underwriting fees) of $1.2 million at the conversion price per equity security issued in such equity offering. The November 2022 Convertible Note is convertible at a conversion price equal to the lower of $2.11 per share or the per share price the Company receives for its common stock in the next subsequent equity offering in excess of $2.0 million. Accordingly, applying the if-converted method to the March 2022 Convertible Note, July 2022 Convertible Note and November 2022 Convertible Note as of December 31, 2022 results in common stock equivalents totaling 879,947 for the year ended December 31, 2022 that would have been included in the computation of diluted earnings per share if the Company had net income for the year ended December 31, 2022. 

As of December 31, 2021, there were outstanding stock options and warrants to acquire an aggregate of 1,193,419 shares of Company common stock which have a potentially dilutive impact on earnings per share. See Note 9 - Stock Options and Restricted Stock. As of December 31, 2021, the outstanding stock options and warrants had no aggregate intrinsic value (the difference between the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock on December 31, 2021, and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money instruments). Dilution is not permitted if there are net losses during the period.

Offering Costs

The Company complies with the requirements of ASC 340-10-S99-1 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") Topic 5A, Expenses of Offering. Offering costs consist principally of commissions and fees associated with the sale of the offered securities, as well as professional and other fees associated with the negotiation and filing of the Public Offering, that were incurred through the balance sheet date and were charged to stockholders' equity upon the completion and continuing sale of the Public Offering. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, offering costs totaling $0 and $815,000, respectively, have been charged to stockholders' equity.

Employee Retention Tax Credits

The Employee Retention Credits program, a provision of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act"), was extended through December 31, 2021 through the American Rescue Plan Act. On November 15, 2021, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act was signed into law and retroactively ended the Employee Retention Credits on September 30, 2021. For 2021, the Employee Retention Credits were up to $7,000 per employee per quarter on qualified wages for the first three quarters of 2021. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded $0 and $1.8 million, respectively, within the line item "Other income" in the consolidated statements of operations. 

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets based on the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years (see Note 6 - Income Taxes). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities will be recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A deferred tax asset or liability that is not related to an asset or liability for financial reporting is classified according to the expected reversal date. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that it believes is more likely than not expected to be realized.

The Company accounts for any uncertainty in income taxes by recognizing the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if, in the Company's opinion, it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company measures the tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The application of income tax law is inherently complex. Laws and regulations in this area are voluminous and are often ambiguous. As such, the Company is required to make many subjective assumptions and judgments regarding income tax exposures. Interpretations of and guidance surrounding income tax law and regulations change over time and may result in changes to the Company’s subjective assumptions and judgments which can materially affect amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of operations. The result of the reassessment of the Company’s tax positions did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Interest and penalties associated with tax positions are recorded in the period assessed within the line item "Other income" in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company files income tax returns in the United States and in the states in which it conducts its business operations. The Company’s federal income tax filings for tax years 2019 through 2022 remain open to examination. In general, the Company’s various state tax filings remain open for tax years 2018 through 2022.

Fair Value

The Company follows authoritative guidance that applies to all financial assets and liabilities required to be measured and reported on a fair value basis. The Company also applies the guidance to non-financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including non-competition agreements and goodwill. The guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability ("exit price") in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available.

Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. The Company valued its warrants using the Black-Scholes model, for the year ended December 31, 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company used the Binomial Lattice model ("Lattice"). The Company did not have any transfers between hierarchy levels during the years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021. The financial and non-financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the date of grant, based on the calculated fair value of the award as described below, and is recognized over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the equity grant.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model as a method for determining the estimated grant date fair value for all stock options awarded to employees, independent contractors, officers and directors. The expected term of the options is based upon evaluation of historical and expected exercise behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based upon United States Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected life of the grant. Volatility is determined upon historical volatility of our stock and adjusted if future volatility is expected to vary from historical experience. The dividend yield is assumed to be none as we have not paid dividends nor do we anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future.

The Company used the market value of Company stock to determine the fair value of the performance-based restricted stock awarded in 2022 and 2021. The fair value is updated quarterly based on actual forfeitures.

The Company used a Black-Scholes model to determine the fair value of market-based restricted stock awarded for the year ended December 31, 2022, and used a Lattice model to determine the fair value of market-based restricted stock awarded for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Management Estimates 

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include the realization of accounts receivable, evaluation of impairment of long-lived assets, stock-based compensation expense, provision for income taxes, and the valuation of warrant liabilities and deferred taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Contingent Liabilities

From time-to-time, the Company will have contingent liabilities that arise in the course of business, usually as it pertains to certain lawsuits in which the Company is involved. When a future contingent liability becomes both probable and estimable, the Company will record a liability for the estimated amount, as well as any offsetting receivables in the event the claim is probable to be covered by an insurance policy. In the event there is a range of outcomes and no amount is determined to be most probable, the Company will record a liability and, if applicable due to likelihood of insurance coverage, a receivable for the low end of the range. In the event the Company makes a firm offer in order to settle a lawsuit, the Company will record a liability for the amount of the offer at that time. 

The Company analyzes warrant instruments under ASC 480-10, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, to determine the classification of the warrants. More specifically, the Company determines if the warrant contains any special redemption features subject to derivative accounting rules. None of the Company's issued warrants meet any of these criteria and are all classified as permanent equity.

The Company uses a Black-Scholes model to determine the fair value of certain warrants. The expected term used was the remaining contractual term. Expected volatility is based upon historical volatility over a term consistent with the remaining term. The risk-free interest rate is derived from the yield on zero-coupon United States government securities with a remaining term equal to the contractual term of the warrants. The dividend yield is assumed to be zero.

Going Concern

The Company utilizes a cash forecast model to evaluate the ability of future cash flows to fund continuing operations. The Company analyzes projected cash flows to determine if they are sufficient to fund the operations and obligations of the Company for a period of time that extends twelve months or more from the date of the applicable filing. Although the Company believes the Refinancing (as defined and discussed in Note 5 - Debt to the consolidated financial statements), recent debt financing from Cross River, recently completed February 2023 Public Offering, and cashflow from operations will provide sufficient liquidity for at least the next twelve months, the Company may need to raise additional capital for its growth and ongoing operations. As the Company seeks additional sources of financing, there can be no assurance that such financing would be available to the Company on favorable terms, or at all. The Company’s ability to obtain additional financing in the debt and equity capital markets, whether public or private, is subject to several factors including market and economic conditions, the Company’s performance, and investor sentiment with respect to the Company and its industry. See Note 11 - Subsequent Events to the consolidated financial statements for a description of events that have occurred subsequent to the balance sheet date that impact our liquidity position as of the date of this filing.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have may been reclassified for comparative purposes to conform to the current presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 

Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Statements - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires companies to measure credit losses utilizing a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires a consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to ascertain credit loss estimates. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-13 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Note 3 – Property and Equipment 

Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded depreciation expense of $4.1 million and $4.9 million, respectively. 

Note 4 – Intangible Assets, net

Note 5 – Debt