continuing existence in the jurisdiction of formation, and the necessary licensing and qualification in all jurisdictions, of all parties to the documents, (vi) the necessary entity authorization, execution, delivery and enforceability (as limited by bankruptcy and other insolvency laws) of all documents by all parties thereto, and the necessary entity power and authority with respect thereto, (vii) the validity, binding effect, and enforceability of all documents, (viii) that each of the parties to the documents will comply (without waiver) with all of the terms of such documents, and (ix) that there is not any other agreement that modifies or supplements the agreements expressed in any document to which this opinion letter relates and that renders the opinion expressed below inconsistent with such document as so modified or supplemented.
In rendering this opinion letter, except for matters that are specifically addressed in the opinion expressed below, we have made no inquiry, have conducted no investigation and assume no responsibility with respect to (i) the accuracy of and compliance by the parties thereto with the representations, warranties, covenants, certifications and assumptions as to factual matters contained in any document or (ii) the conformity of the documents to the requirements of any agreement to which this opinion letter relates.
Based on the foregoing and subject to the qualifications, representations, warranties, covenants, certifications and assumptions stated herein, we are of the opinion that although there are no regulations, rulings or judicial precedents addressing the characterization of securities having terms substantially similar to the Debentures for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Debentures will be classified for U.S. federal income tax purposes as indebtedness of the Company.
The existing Treasury regulations under section 385 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), provide rules for defining certain instruments held as interests in a corporation as equity or indebtedness for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, these rules do not address securities with terms substantially the same as the Debentures. Furthermore, there are no other controlling Treasury regulations, published rulings, or judicial decisions involving securities with terms substantially the same as the Debentures that discuss whether, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the securities constitute equity or indebtedness. Therefore, our opinion regarding the characterization of the Debentures as evidences of indebtedness is based upon rulings and judicial decisions under the Code involving situations that we consider to be analogous and an analysis of all of the facts and circumstances surrounding the issuance and sale of the Debentures.
The foregoing opinion is based only on the federal income tax laws of the United States, Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change. The foregoing opinion is limited to the matters addressed herein, and no other opinion is rendered with respect to other United States federal tax matters or to any issues arising under the tax laws of any other country, or any state or locality or governmental agency (other than the Internal Revenue Service) including without limitation (i) any statute, regulation, or (ii) the securities or tax laws of any jurisdiction (other than the federal tax laws of the United States). You should be aware that this opinion letter represents conclusions as to the application of existing law, regulations, administrative rules and practices, and legislative history to the transactions described above. There can be no assurance, however, that existing law will not change or that contrary positions will not be taken by the Internal Revenue Service. Any such change might be retroactive and might affect the opinion set forth above.
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