Espey Mfg. & Electronics (ESP) 10-Q2020 Q2 Quarterly report

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2019

Commission File Number I-4383

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

233 Ballston Avenue, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866

(Address of principal executive offices)

518-245-4400

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

☒Yes           ☐No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

☒Yes           ☐No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company.

☐Yes           ☒No

At February 12, 2020, there were 2,401,033 shares outstanding of the registrant's Common stock, $.33-1/3 par value.

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

I N D E X

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

Balance Sheets

December 31, 2019 (Unaudited) and June 30, 2019

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp.

Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended December 31, 2019

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp.

Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)

Six Months Ended December 31, 2019

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp.

Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended December 31, 2018

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp.

Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)

Six Months Ended December 31, 2018

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

Six Months Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management the accompanying unaudited financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results for such periods. The results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, inventories, income taxes, and stock-based compensation. Specific to inventories, including work-in-process and contracts in process, management evaluates, quarterly, those estimates used in determining the cost to complete for each contract on Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp. (the Company's) sales backlog. The change in estimates may affect the reported amount of inventories and gross profit in the current or a future period. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's most recent audited financial statements included in its report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2019. Certain reclassifications may have been made to the prior year financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.

Note 2. Investment Securities

ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

The carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, short term investment securities, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximated fair value as of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019 because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments.

Investment securities at December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019 consist of certificates of deposit and municipal bonds which are classified as available-for-sale securities and have been determined to be level 1 assets. The cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value of available-for-sale securities by major security type at December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019 are as follows:

The portfolio is diversified and highly liquid and primarily consists of investment grade fixed income instruments. At December 31, 2019, the Company did not have any investments in individual securities that have been in a continuous loss position considered to be other than temporary.

As of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019, the remaining contractual maturities of available-for-sale securities were as follows:

Note 3. Net Income per Share

Basic net income per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the income of the Company. The computation of weighted-average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution, excluded options to purchase 184,342 and 2,500 shares of our common stock for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as the effect of including them would be anti-dilutive. As unearned ESOP shares are released or committed-to-be-released the shares become outstanding for earnings-per-share computations.

Note 4. Stock Based Compensation

The Company follows ASC 718 in establishing standards for the accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services, as well as transactions in which an entity incurs liabilities in exchange for goods or services that are based on the fair value of the entity’s equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of those equity instruments. ASC 718 requires that the cost resulting from all share-based payment transactions be recognized in the financial statements based on the fair value of the share-based payment. ASC 718 establishes fair value as the measurement objective in accounting for share-based payment transactions with employees, except for equity instruments held by employee share ownership plans.

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statements of comprehensive income for the three-month periods ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $45,271 and $40,504, respectively, before income taxes. The related total deferred tax benefits were $2,483 and $2,246 for the same periods. Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statements of comprehensive income for the six-month periods ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, was $92,447 and $77,876, respectively, before income taxes. The related total deferred tax benefits were $5,061 and $4,280 for the same periods.

As of December 31, 2019, there was $244,525 of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock option awards that is expected to be recognized as expense over the next 2 years. The total deferred tax benefit related to these awards is expected to be $14,059.

The Company has one employee stock option plan under which options or stock awards may be granted, the 2017 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the "2017 Plan"). The Board of Directors may grant options to acquire shares of common stock to employees and non-employee directors of the Company at the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. The maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock subject to options or awards to non-employee directors is 133,000 and the maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock subject to options or awards granted to non-employee directors during any single fiscal year is the lesser of 13,300 and 33 1/3% of the total number of shares subject to options or awards granted in such fiscal year. The maximum number of shares subject to options or awards granted to any individual employee may not exceed 15,000 in a fiscal year. Generally, options granted have a two-year vesting period based on two years of continuous service and have a ten-year contractual life. Option grants provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control. Shares issued upon the exercise of options are from those held in Treasury. Options covering 400,000 shares are authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan, of which 164,329 have been granted as of December 31, 2019. While no further grants of options may be made under the Company’s 2007 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan, as of December 31, 2019, 146,550 options were outstanding under such plan of which all are vested and exercisable.

ASC 718 requires the use of a valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. The Company has elected to use the Black-Scholes option valuation model, which incorporates various assumptions including those for dividend yield, volatility, expected life and interest rates.

The table below outlines the weighted average assumptions that the Company used to calculate the fair value of each option award for the six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

The Company declares regular dividends quarterly and declared and paid a regular cash dividends of $0.50 per share for the six months ended December 31, 2019. The Company declared regular cash dividends of $0.50 per share and a special cash dividend of $1.00 per share for the six months ended December 31, 2018. Expected stock price volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury issues with an equivalent term approximating the expected life of the options. The expected option term (in years) represents the estimated period of time until exercise and is based on actual historical experience.

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the six months ended December 31, 2019:

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock as reported on the NYSE American on December 31, 2019 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders if all option holders had exercised their options on December 31, 2019. This amount changes based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock. The total intrinsic values of the options exercised during the six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were $263 and $64,420, respectively.

The following table summarizes changes in non-vested stock options during the six months ended December 31, 2019:

Note 5. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company from time to time, enters into standby letters of credit agreements with financial institutions primarily relating to the guarantee of future performance on certain contracts. Contingent liabilities on outstanding standby letters of credit agreements aggregated to zero at December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019. The Company, as a U.S. Government contractor, is subject to audits, reviews, and investigations by the U.S. Government related to its negotiation and performance of government contracts and its accounting for such contracts. Failure to comply with applicable U.S. Government standards by a contractor may result in suspension from eligibility for award of any new government contract and a guilty plea or conviction may result in debarment from eligibility for awards. The government may, in certain cases, also terminate existing contracts, recover damages, and impose other sanctions and penalties. As a result of contract audits the Company will determine a range of possible outcomes and in accordance with ASC 450 “Contingencies” the Company will accrue amounts within a range that appears to be its best estimate of a possible outcome. Adjustments are made to accruals, if any, periodically based on current information.

We are party to various litigation matters and claims arising from time to time in the ordinary course of business. While the results of such matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 6. Revenue

Effective July 1, 2018, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, which requires entities to assess the products or services promised in contracts with customers at contract inception to determine the appropriate unit at which to record revenues.  Revenue is recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products or services. We adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method, which means, using the allowed practical expedient, we applied the new standard to open contracts at June 30, 2018.  We reviewed remaining obligations as of the effective date and determined no adjustment was required to the opening balance of retained earnings.  Under the modified retrospective method, prior period revenue is not restated for comparative periods.  As a result of the adoption, we reclassified customer advance payments from inventory to contract liabilities.  Contract liabilities were $1,803,340 and $6,054 as of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019, respectively.  The increase in contract liabilities is primarily due to cash collected from progress payments related to specific contracts. The Company used the practical expedient to expense incremental costs incurred to obtain a contract when the contract term is less than one year.

Significant judgment is required in determining the satisfaction of performance obligations.  Revenues from our performance obligations are satisfied over time using the output method which considers the appraisal of results achieved and milestones reached or units delivered based on contractual shipment terms, typically shipping point.  Revenue is recognized when the customer takes control of the product or services.  The output method best depicts the transfer of control to the customer as the output method represents work completed. Control is typically transferred to the customer at shipping point as the company has a present right to payment, the customer has legal title to the asset, the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset, and in most instances the customer has accepted the asset.

Total revenue recognized for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 based on units delivered totaled $5,702,565 and $10,820,879, respectively, compared to $6,020,415 and $12,873,185 for the same periods in fiscal year 2019.  Total revenue recognized for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 based on milestones achieved totaled $1,584,109 and $2,389,614, respectively, compared to $1,282,694 and $2,767,323 for the same periods in fiscal year 2019.

The Company offers a standard one-year product warranty. Product warranties offered by the company are classified as assurance-type warranties, which means, the warranty only guarantees that the good or service functions as promised. Based on this, the provided warranty is not considered to be a distinct performance obligation.  The impact of variable consideration has been considered but none identified which would be required to be allocated to the transaction price as of December 31, 2019.  Our payment terms are generally 30-60 days. 

The Company’s backlog at December 31, 2019 totaling $58.4 million is expected to be recognized in the following fiscal years: 40% in 2020; 34% in 2021; 19% in 2022, and 7% thereafter.   

Note 7. Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income”. Under current accounting guidance, the income tax effects for changes in income tax rates and certain other transactions are recognized in income from continuing operations resulting in income tax effects recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income that do not reflect the current tax rate of the entity (“stranded tax effects”). The new guidance allows the Company the option to reclassify these stranded tax effects to retained earnings that relate to the change in the federal tax rate resulting from the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods therein, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2019, the FASB issued guidance (ASU 2019-12) intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The amendments in this guidance are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020 (the Company’s fiscal 2021), with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on the Company’s disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.”  This ASU is part of the FASB’s larger disclosure framework project intended to improve the effectiveness of financial statement footnote disclosure.  ASU 2018-13 modifies required fair value disclosures related primarily to level 3 investments.  This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those annual periods.  The adoption of ASU 2018-13 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

Note 8. Employee Stock Ownership Plan

The Company sponsors a leveraged employee stock ownership plan (the "ESOP") that covers all nonunion employees who work 1,000 or more hours per year and are employed on June 30. The Company makes annual contributions to the ESOP equal to the ESOP's debt service less dividends on unallocated shares received by the ESOP. All dividends on unallocated shares received by the ESOP are used to pay debt service. Dividends on allocated ESOP shares are recorded as a reduction of retained earnings. As the debt is repaid, shares are released and allocated to active employees, based on the proportion of debt service paid in the year. The Company accounts for its ESOP in accordance with FASB ASC 718-40. Accordingly, the shares purchased by the ESOP are reported as Unearned ESOP shares in the balance sheets and the statements of changes in stockholders’ equity. As shares are released or committed-to-be-released, the Company reports compensation expense equal to the current average market price of the shares, and the shares become outstanding for earnings-per-share (EPS) computations. ESOP compensation expense was $77,987 and $102,448 for the three-month periods ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. ESOP compensation expense was $165,820 and $203,809 for the six-month periods ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The ESOP shares as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

The Company may at times be required to repurchase shares at the ESOP participants’ request at the fair market value. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 the Company repurchased 1,847 and 2,180 shares previously held by the ESOP for $39,658 and $47,949, respectively. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2018 the Company did not repurchase any shares held by the ESOP.

The ESOP allows for eligible participants to take whole share distributions from the Plan on specific dates in accordance with the provision of the Plan.  Share distributions from the ESOP during the six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 totaled 2,180 and 17,279, respectively.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp. (“Espey”) is a power electronics design and original equipment manufacturing (OEM) company with a long history of developing and delivering highly reliable products for use in military and severe environment applications. Design, manufacturing, and testing is performed in our 150,000+ square foot facility located at 233 Ballston Ave, Saratoga Springs, New York. Espey is classified as a “smaller reporting company” for purposes of the reporting requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Espey’s common stock is publicly-traded on the NYSE American under the symbol “ESP.”

Espey began operations after incorporation in New York in 1928. We strive to remain competitive as a leader in high power energy conversion and transformer solutions through the design and manufacture of new and improved products by using advanced and “cutting edge” electronics technologies.

Espey is ISO 9001:2015 and AS9100:2016 certified. Our primary products are power supplies, power converters, filters, power transformers, magnetic components, power distribution equipment, UPS systems, antennas and high power radar systems. The applications of these products include AC and DC locomotives, shipboard power, shipboard radar, airborne power, ground-based radar, and ground mobile power.

Espey services include design and development to specification, build to print, design services, design studies, environmental testing services, metal fabrication, painting services, and development of automatic testing equipment. Espey is vertically integrated, meaning that the Company produces individual components (including inductors), populates printed circuit boards, fabricates metalwork, paints, wires, qualifies, and fully tests items, mechanically, electrically and environmentally, in house. Portions of the manufacturing and testing process are subcontracted to vendors from time to time.

The Company markets its products primarily through its own direct sales organization and through outside sales representatives. Business is solicited from large industrial manufacturers and defense companies, the government of the United States, foreign governments and major foreign electronic equipment companies. Espey is also on the eligible list of contractors with the United States Department of Defense. We pursue opportunities for prime contracts directly with the Department of Defense and are generally automatically solicited by Department of Defense procurement agencies for their needs falling within the major classes of products produced by the Company. Espey contracts with the Federal Government under cage code 20950 as Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp.

There is competition in all classes of products manufactured by the Company, ranging from divisions of the largest electronic companies, to many small companies. The Company's sales do not represent a significant share of the industry's market for any class of its products. The principal methods of competition for electronic products of both a military and industrial nature include, among other factors, price, product performance, the experience of the particular company and history of its dealings in such products.

Our business is not seasonal. However, the concentration of our business in the rail industry, and in equipment for military applications and industrial applications, and our customer concentrations expose us to on-going associated risks. These risks include, without limitation, fluctuating requirements for power supplies in the rail industry, dependence on appropriations from the United States Government and the governments of foreign nations, program allocations, the potential of governmental termination of orders for convenience, and the general strength of the industry sectors in which our customers transact business.

In order to compete effectively for new business, in some cases we have invested in upfront design costs, thereby reducing initial profitability as a means of procuring new long-term programs. As part of our strategy, we adjust our pricing in order to achieve a balance which enables us both to retain repeat programs while being more competitive in bidding on new programs.

In order to maintain a balanced business, we are continuing to place an emphasis on securing “build to print” opportunities, which will allow production work to go directly to the manufacturing floor, limiting the impact on our engineering staff. This effort will keep our manufacturing team busy while engineering development designs transition to production.

The total backlog at December 31, 2019 was approximately $58.4 million, which included $30 million from four significant customers, compared to $45.8 million at December 31, 2018, which included $24.0 million from three significant customers. The Company’s total backlog represents the estimated remaining sales value of work to be performed under firm contracts. The funded portion of this backlog at December 31, 2019 is approximately $55.7 million. This includes items that have been authorized and appropriated by Congress and/or funded by the customer. The unfunded backlog at December 31, 2019 is approximately $2.7 million and represents a firm multi-year order for which funding has not yet been appropriated by Congress or funded by our customer. While there is no guarantee that future budgets and appropriations will provide funding for individual programs, management has included in unfunded backlog only those programs that it believes are likely to receive funding based on discussions with customers and program status. The unfunded backlog at December 31, 2018 was $2.9 million, comprised of the same multi-year order from a single customer. As of January 31, 2020, the customer has funded an additional $1.5 million of their unfunded balance at December 31, 2019.

Successful conversion of engineering program backlog into sales is largely dependent on the execution and completion of our engineering design efforts.   It is not uncommon to experience technical or scheduling delays which arise from time to time as a result of, among other reasons, design complexity, the availability of personnel with the requisite expertise, and the requirements to obtain customer approval at various milestones.  Cost overruns which may arise from technical and schedule delays could negatively impact the timing of the conversion of backlog into sales, or the profitability of such sales.  We continue to experience technical and schedule delays with our major development programs. However, these delays are being resolved as they arise and we do not expect any negative impact on our customer order fulfillment projections for fiscal year 2020. Engineering programs in both the funded and unfunded portions of the current backlog aggregate $5 million. 

Management continues to expect revenues in fiscal year 2020 to approximate revenues during fiscal year 2019. However, based on updated forecasts of the product mix for the expected shipments during the second half of the year and the incurrance of higher than expected job costs realized through the second quarter of fiscal 2020, primarily on engineering design contracts, we now believe the gross profit margin will approximate results reported in fiscal year 2019. As factors such as engineering delays, competition and product costs impact gross profit margins, management will continue to evaluate our sales strategy, employment levels, and facility costs.

New orders received in the first six months of fiscal year 2020 were $26 million as compared to approximately $13.4 million of new orders received in the first six months of fiscal 2019. It is presently anticipated that a minimum of $23.3 million of orders comprising the December 31, 2019 backlog will be filled during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020. The minimum of $23.3 million does not include any shipments, which may be made against orders subsequently received during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020. The estimate of the December 31, 2019 backlog to be shipped in fiscal year 2020 is subject to future events, which may cause the amount of the backlog actually shipped to differ from such estimate.

In addition to the backlog, the Company currently has outstanding opportunities representing approximately $85.6 million in the aggregate as of February 5, 2020 for both repeat and new programs.The outstanding quotations encompass various new and previously manufactured power supplies, transformers, and subassemblies. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will acquire any of the anticipated orders described above, many of which are subject to allocations of the United States defense spending and factors affecting the defense industry.

A significant portion of the Company’s business is the production of military and industrial electronic equipment for use by the U.S. and foreign governments and certain industrial customers. Net sales to three significant customers represented 42% of the Company’s total sales for the three-month period ended December 31, 2019. Net sales to two significant customers represented 49.4% of the Company’s total sales for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018. Net sales to one significant customer represented 25.2% of the Company’s total sales for the six-month period ended December 31, 2019. Net sales to two significant customers represented 54.4% of the Company’s total sales for the six-month period ended December 31, 2018. This high concentration level with these customers presents significant risk. A loss of one of these customers or programs related to these customers could significantly impact the Company. Historically, a small number of customers have accounted for a large percentage of the Company’s total sales in any given fiscal year.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management believes our most critical accounting policies include revenue recognition and cost estimation on our contracts.

Revenue

The majority of our net sales is generated from contracts with industrial manufacturers and defense companies, the Department of Defense, other agencies of the government of the United States and foreign governments for the design, development and/or manufacture of products. We provide our products and design and development services under fixed-price contracts. Under fixed-price contracts we agree to perform the specified work for a pre-determined price. To the extent our actual costs vary from the estimates upon which the price was negotiated, we will generate more or less profit or could incur a loss.

We account for a contract after it has been approved by all parties to the arrangement, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of consideration is probable. We assess each contract at its inception to determine whether it should be combined with other contracts. When making this determination, we consider factors such as whether two or more contracts were negotiated and executed at or near the same time, or were negotiated with an overall profit objective.

We evaluate the products or services promised in each contract at inception to determine whether the contract should be accounted for as having one or more performance obligations. Significant judgment is required in determining performance obligations. We determine the transaction price for each contract based on the consideration we expect to receive for the products or services being provided under the contract. The transaction price for each performance obligation is based on the estimated standalone selling price of the product or service underlying each performance obligation. Transaction prices on our contracts subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) are typically based on estimated costs plus a reasonable profit margin.

We recognize revenue using the output method based on the appraisal of results achieved and milestones reached or units delivered based on contractual shipment terms, typically shipping point.

Inventory

Raw materials are valued at the lower of cost (average cost) or net realizable value. Balances for slow-moving and obsolete inventory are reviewed on a regular basis by analyzing estimated demand, inventory on hand, sales levels, market conditions, and other information and reduce inventory balances based on this analysis.

Inventoried work relating to contracts in process and work in process is valued at actual production cost, including factory overhead incurred to date. Contract costs include material, subcontract costs, labor, and an allocation of overhead costs. Work in process represents spare units and parts and other inventory items acquired or produced to service units previously sold or to meet anticipated future orders. Provision for losses on contracts is made when the existence of such losses becomes probable and estimable.  The provision for losses on contracts is included in other accrued expenses on the Company’s balance sheet.  The costs attributed to units delivered under contracts are based on the estimated average cost of all units expected to be produced.  Certain contracts are expected to extend beyond twelve months.

The estimation of total cost at completion of a contract is subject to numerous variables involving contract costs and estimates as to the length of time to complete the contract.  Given the significance of the estimation processes and judgments described above, it is possible that materially different amounts of expected sales and contract costs could be recorded if different assumptions were used, based on changes in circumstances, in the estimation process.  When a change in expected sales value or estimated cost is determined, the change is reflected in current period earnings.

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized.

Results of Operations

Net sales decreased for the three months ended December 31, 2019 to $7,286,674 as compared to $7,303,109 for the same period in 2018. Net sales for the six months ended December 31, 2019 decreased to $13,210,493 as compared to $15,640,508 for the same period in 2018. For the three months ended December 31, 2019, sales declined slightly due to a decline in power supplies offset, in part, by an increase in magnetic shipments. For the six months ended December 31, 2019, the decrease in net sales is primarily due to a decrease in build to print and power supply sales offset, in part, by an increase in magnetic shipments.

Our ability to ship product or to meet contractual milestones continues to be constrained by engineering design changes required to meet customer requirements, certain supplier product non-conformances and an increase in lead times for many parts, including certain electronic components due to industry shortages and volatility within the power electronics industry. We are currently working closely with our customers and suppliers to execute on our past due deliveries and we do not expect this situation to impact future business.

Gross profits for the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were $1,480,148 and $1,516,235, respectively. Gross profit as a percentage of sales was 20.3% and 20.8%, for the same periods, respectively. For the six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, gross profits were $2,616,496 and $2,509,169, respectively. Gross profit as a percentage of sales was 19.8% and 16.0%, for the same periods, respectively. The primary factors in determining the change in gross profit and net income are overall sales levels and product mix. The gross profits on mature products and build to print contracts are typically higher as compared to products which are still in the engineering development stage or in early stages of production. In the case of the latter, the Company can incur what it refers to as “loss contracts,” primarily on engineering design contracts in which the Company invests with the objective of developing future product sales. In any given accounting period the mix of product shipments between higher margin programs and less mature programs, and expenditures associated with loss contracts, has a significant impact on gross profit and net income.

The gross profit percentage decreased in the three months ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 primarily resulting from product mix offset, in part, by an improved gross profit percentage related to a specific engineering design contract when compared to the same period in 2018. This improvement resulted from reduced spending on the program and from additional anticipated funding for required testing. The gross profit percentage increased in the six months ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 resulting primarily from an improved gross profit percentage on a specific engineering design contract when compared to the same period in 2018, resulting from reduced spending on the program and from additional anticipated funding for required testing. The gross profit percentage improvement was offset, in part, by a reduction resulting from product mix and when compared to the same period in 2018.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $1,249,742 for the three months ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of $45,945, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2018. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $2,333,954 for the six months ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $28,723 compared to the six months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease for the three months ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 relates primarily to the decrease in bad debt expense resulting from an expense taken in the prior fiscal year related to a specific customer account, a decrease in professional services, and the decrease in expenditures for conferences and training. These decreases were offset, in part, by an increase in employee compensation costs, an increase in travel and entertainment incurred, and an increase in costs associated with Director fees. The increase for the six months ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 relates primarily to an increase in compensation costs, and increase in travel and entertainment costs, and the cost associated with Director fees offset, in part by the decrease in bad debt expense, conferences and training and professional services.

Other income for the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $38,764 and $53,361, respectively. Other income for the six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $86,253 and $129,432, respectively. The decrease for the three and six months ended is primarily due to the reduction in investment securities offset, in part, by the gradual increase in the current yield percentages earned on the investment securities. Interest income is a function of the level of investments and investment strategies which generally tend to be conservative.   

The Company’s effective tax rates for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, were 14.9% and 15.7%, respectively, compared to 20.5% and 16.2% for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018, respectively. The effective tax rate in fiscal 2020 and 2019 is less than the statutory tax rate mainly due to the benefit derived from the ESOP dividends paid on allocated shares.

Net income for the three months ended December 31, 2019, was $228,964 or $0.10 per share, basic and diluted, compared to $217,758 or $0.09 per share, basic and diluted, for the three months ended December 31, 2018. Net income for the six months ended December 31, 2019, was $310,740 or $0.13 per share, basic and diluted, compared to $279,430 or $0.12 per share, basic and diluted, for the six months ended December 31, 2018. The increase in net income in the current quarter resulted from the decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses and the benefit incurred from a lower effective tax rate offset, in part, by a decrease in gross profit and other income, all discussed above. The increase in net income in the six months ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 is primarily attributable to an increase in gross profit and the benefit derived from the decrease in the effective tax rate offset, in part, by an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses and a decrease in other income, all discussed above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company's working capital is an appropriate indicator of the liquidity of its business, and during the past two fiscal years, the Company, when possible, has funded all of its operations with cash flows resulting from operating activities and when necessary from its existing cash and investments. The Company did not borrow any funds during the last two fiscal years. Management has available a $3,000,000 line of credit to help fund further growth or working capital needs, if necessary, but does not anticipate the need for any borrowed funds in the foreseeable future. Contingent liabilities on outstanding standby letters of credit agreements aggregated to zero at December 31, 2019 and 2018. The line of credit is reviewed annually in November for renewal by December 1^st.

The Company's working capital as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $27.7 million and $26.7 million, respectively. The Company may at times be required to repurchase shares at the ESOP participants’ request at the fair market value. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 the Company repurchased 1,847 and 2,180 shares previously held by the ESOP for $39,658 and $47,949, respectively. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2018 the Company did not repurchase any shares held by the ESOP. Under existing authorizations from the Company's Board of Directors, as of December 31, 2019, management is authorized to purchase an additional $783,460 of Company stock.

The table below presents the summary of cash flow information for the fiscal years indicated:

Net cash provided by operating activities fluctuates between periods primarily as a result of differences in sales and net income, provision for income taxes, the timing of the collection of accounts receivable, purchase of inventory, and payment of accounts payable. The increase in cash provided by operating activities compared to the prior year primarily relates to the collection of trade receivables, the reduction in inventory purchases and the increase in contract liabilities for the collection of customer advances offset, in part, by a decrease in accounts payable and an increase prepaids and other current assets. Net cash provided by investing activities decreased in the six months ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 primarily due to the reinvestment of maturing investments when compared to the same period in 2018. In the prior period, cash received from maturing investments was used, in part, for the payment of the special dividend. The decrease in cash used in financing activities in the current period when compared to the prior period is primarily due to the fact that a special dividend totaling $1.00 per share was declared and paid in the prior period.

The Company currently believes that the cash flow generated from operations and when necessary, from cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet its long-term funding requirements for the foreseeable future.

During the six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company expended $177,826 and $354,933, respectively, for plant improvements and new equipment. The Company has budgeted approximately $300,000 for new equipment and plant improvements in fiscal year 2020. Management anticipates that the funds required will be available from current operations.

Management believes that the Company's reserve for bad debts of $3,000 is adequate given the customers with whom the Company does business. Historically, bad debt expense has been minimal.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR PURPOSES OF THE "SAFE HARBOR" PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE

SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995

This report contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The terms "believe," "anticipate," "intend," "goal," "expect," and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements represent the Company's current expectations or beliefs concerning future events. The matters covered by these statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements, including the Company's dependence on timely development, introduction and customer acceptance of new products, the impact of competition and price erosion, supply and manufacturing constraints, potential new orders from customers, the impact of cyber or other security threats or other disruptions to our business, and other risks and uncertainties. The foregoing list should not be construed as exhaustive, and the Company disclaims any obligation subsequently to revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events. The Company wishes to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company is a smaller reporting company as defined under Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 12b-2. Pursuant to the exemption available to smaller reporting company issuers under Item 305 of Regulation S-K, quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, the Company is not required to provide the information for this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a) The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

(b) There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

PART II: Other Information and Signatures

We are party to various litigation matters and claims arising from time to time in the ordinary course of business.  While the results of such matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.  

Purchases of Equity Securities

None

Not applicable

None

S I G N A T U R E S

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: February 13, 2020