Loans and Leases | Loans and Leases The loan and lease portfolio is disaggregated into portfolio segments and then further disaggregated into classes for certain disclosures. GAAP defines a portfolio segment as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for credit losses. A class is generally a disaggregation of a portfolio segment and is generally determined based on risk characteristics of the loan and FHN’s method for monitoring and assessing credit risk and performance. FHN's loan and lease portfolio segments are commercial and consumer. The classes of loans and leases are: (1) commercial, financial, and industrial, which includes commercial and industrial loans and leases and loans to mortgage companies, (2) commercial real estate, (3) consumer real estate, which includes both real estate installment and home equity lines of credit, and (4) credit card and other. The following table provides the amortized cost basis of loans and leases by portfolio segment and class as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, excluding accrued interest of $226 million and $134 million, respectively, which is included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Table 8.3.1 LOANS AND LEASES BY PORTFOLIO SEGMENT December 31, (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 Commercial: Commercial and industrial (a) (b) $ 29,523 $ 26,550 Loans to mortgage companies 2,258 4,518 Total commercial, financial, and industrial 31,781 31,068 Commercial real estate 13,228 12,109 Consumer: HELOC 2,028 1,964 Real estate installment loans 10,225 8,808 Total consumer real estate 12,253 10,772 Credit card and other 840 910 Loans and leases $ 58,102 $ 54,859 Allowance for loan and lease losses (685) (670) Net loans and leases $ 57,417 $ 54,189 (a) Includes equipment financing leases of $1.1 billion and $792 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. (b) Includes PPP loans fully guaranteed by the SBA of $76 million and $1.0 billion as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Restrictions Loans and leases with carrying values of $38.3 billion and $36.6 billion were pledged as collateral for borrowings at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Concentrations of Credit Risk Most of the FHN’s business activity is with clients located in the southern United States. FHN’s lending activity is concentrated in its market areas within those states. As of December 31, 2022, FHN had loans to mortgage companies of $2.3 billion and loans to finance and insurance companies of $4.1 billion. As a result, 20% of the C&I portfolio is sensitive to impacts on the financial services industry. Credit Quality Indicators FHN employs a dual grade commercial risk grading methodology to assign an estimate for the probability of default and the loss given default for each commercial loan using factors specific to various industry, portfolio, or product segments that result in a rank ordering of risk and the assignment of grades PD 1 to PD 16. This credit grading system is intended to identify and measure the credit quality of the loan and lease portfolio by analyzing the migration between grading categories. It is also integral to the estimation methodology utilized in determining the ALLL since an allowance is established for pools of commercial loans based on the credit grade assigned. Each PD grade corresponds to an estimated one-year default probability percentage. PD grades are continually evaluated, but require a formal scorecard annually. PD 1 through PD 12 are “pass” grades. PD grades 13-16 correspond to the regulatory-defined categories of special mention (13), substandard (14), doubtful (15), and loss (16). Special mention commercial loans and leases have potential weaknesses that, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of FHN's credit position at some future date. Substandard commercial loans and leases have well-defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that FHN will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful commercial loans and leases have the same weaknesses as substandard loans and leases with the added characteristics that the probability of loss is high and collection of the full amount is improbable. The following table provides the amortized cost basis of the commercial loan portfolio by year of origination and credit quality indicator as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: Table 8.3.2 C&I PORTFOLIO December 31, 2022 (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior to 2018 LMC (a) Revolving Revolving Total Credit Quality Indicator: Pass (PD grades 1 through 12) (b) $ 5,856 $ 4,040 $ 1,980 $ 2,099 $ 1,229 $ 3,710 $ 2,258 $ 9,165 $ 371 $ 30,708 Special Mention (PD grade 13) 19 63 19 141 9 90 — 126 — 467 Substandard, Doubtful, or Loss (PD grades 14,15, and 16) 41 54 51 38 67 124 — 134 97 606 Total C&I loans $ 5,916 $ 4,157 $ 2,050 $ 2,278 $ 1,305 $ 3,924 $ 2,258 $ 9,425 $ 468 $ 31,781 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in millions) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior to 2017 LMC (a) Revolving Revolving Total Credit Quality Indicator: Pass (PD grades 1 through 12) (b) $ 7,372 $ 3,576 $ 3,439 $ 1,455 $ 1,193 $ 2,267 $ 4,518 $ 6,386 $ 13 $ 30,219 Special Mention (PD grade 13) 25 39 50 48 36 43 — 100 4 345 Substandard, Doubtful, or Loss (PD grades 14,15, and 16) 24 61 67 103 24 48 — 129 48 504 Total C&I loans $ 7,421 $ 3,676 $ 3,556 $ 1,606 $ 1,253 $ 2,358 $ 4,518 $ 6,615 $ 65 $ 31,068 (a) LMC includes non-revolving commercial lines of credit to qualified mortgage companies primarily for the temporary warehousing of eligible mortgage loans prior to the borrower's sale of those mortgage loans to third party investors. The loans are of short duration with maturities less than one year. (b) Includes PPP loans. Table 8.3.3 CRE PORTFOLIO December 31, 2022 (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior to 2018 Revolving Revolving Total Credit Quality Indicator: Pass (PD grades 1 through 12) $ 2,637 $ 3,324 $ 1,488 $ 1,855 $ 808 $ 2,565 $ 274 $ 20 $ 12,971 Special Mention (PD grade 13) — 3 3 37 68 5 1 — 117 Substandard, Doubtful, or Loss (PD grades 14,15, and 16) 1 4 12 50 31 31 11 — 140 Total CRE loans $ 2,638 $ 3,331 $ 1,503 $ 1,942 $ 907 $ 2,601 $ 286 $ 20 $ 13,228 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in millions) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior to 2017 Revolving Revolving Total Credit Quality Indicator: Pass (PD grades 1 through 12) $ 3,441 $ 2,065 $ 2,514 $ 929 $ 691 $ 1,822 $ 204 $ — $ 11,666 Special Mention (PD grade 13) 4 26 52 125 20 65 — — 292 Substandard, Doubtful, or Loss (PD grades 14,15, and 16) 47 — 24 3 33 32 12 — 151 Total CRE loans $ 3,492 $ 2,091 $ 2,590 $ 1,057 $ 744 $ 1,919 $ 216 $ — $ 12,109 The consumer portfolio is comprised primarily of smaller-balance loans which are very similar in nature in that most are standard products and are backed by residential real estate. Because of the similarities of consumer loan types, FHN is able to utilize the FICO score, among other attributes, to assess the credit quality of consumer borrowers. FICO scores are refreshed on a quarterly basis in an attempt to reflect the recent risk profile of the borrowers. Accruing delinquency amounts are indicators of asset quality within the credit card and other consumer portfolio. The following table reflects the amortized cost basis by year of origination and refreshed FICO scores for consumer real estate loans as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Within consumer real estate, classes include HELOC and real estate installment loans. HELOCs are loans which during their draw period are classified as revolving loans. Once the draw period ends and the loan enters its repayment period, the loan converts to a term loan and is classified as a revolving loan converted to a term loan. All loans classified in the following table as revolving loans or revolving loans converted to term loans are HELOCs. Real estate installment loans are originated as fixed term loans and are classified below in their vintage year. All loans in the following tables classified in a vintage year are real estate installment loans. Table 8.3.4 CONSUMER REAL ESTATE PORTFOLIO December 31, 2022 (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior to 2018 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total FICO score 740 or greater $ 2,154 $ 1,847 $ 819 $ 523 $ 278 $ 1,294 $ 1,297 $ 63 $ 8,275 FICO score 720-739 292 246 116 98 34 238 183 18 1,225 FICO score 700-719 242 206 93 55 35 226 142 22 1,021 FICO score 660-699 214 137 90 55 62 278 192 23 1,051 FICO score 620-659 21 24 25 41 20 105 47 9 292 FICO score less than 620 15 19 32 12 23 256 16 16 389 Total $ 2,938 $ 2,479 $ 1,175 $ 784 $ 452 $ 2,397 $ 1,877 $ 151 $ 12,253 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in millions) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior to 2017 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to term loans Total FICO score 740 or greater $ 1,594 $ 1,156 $ 825 $ 473 $ 394 $ 1,335 $ 1,086 $ 115 $ 6,978 FICO score 720-739 236 171 109 61 44 209 162 21 1,013 FICO score 700-719 143 112 81 68 45 153 141 23 766 FICO score 660-699 164 131 120 106 44 246 204 44 1,059 FICO score 620-659 42 36 55 23 13 118 66 27 380 FICO score less than 620 26 84 42 32 45 272 42 33 576 Total $ 2,205 $ 1,690 $ 1,232 $ 763 $ 585 $ 2,333 $ 1,701 $ 263 $ 10,772 The following table reflects the amortized cost basis by year of origination and refreshed FICO scores for credit card and other loans as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Table 8.3.5 CREDIT CARD & OTHER PORTFOLIO December 31, 2022 (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior to 2018 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total FICO score 740 or greater $ 36 $ 14 $ 10 $ 10 $ 4 $ 25 $ 291 $ 6 $ 396 FICO score 720-739 3 2 2 1 — 4 30 1 43 FICO score 700-719 3 3 1 1 — 4 33 1 46 FICO score 660-699 3 2 1 1 2 7 30 1 47 FICO score 620-659 1 3 1 — — 3 18 — 26 FICO score less than 620 7 6 6 10 7 71 174 1 282 Total $ 53 $ 30 $ 21 $ 23 $ 13 $ 114 $ 576 $ 10 $ 840 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in millions) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior to 2017 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total FICO score 740 or greater $ 56 $ 35 $ 29 $ 23 $ 13 $ 56 $ 200 $ 11 $ 423 FICO score 720-739 14 5 4 3 4 17 46 3 96 FICO score 700-719 8 5 4 4 3 17 42 1 84 FICO score 660-699 25 6 5 6 4 31 98 2 177 FICO score 620-659 4 3 2 4 3 18 22 1 57 FICO score less than 620 24 3 3 4 4 16 18 1 73 Total $ 131 $ 57 $ 47 $ 44 $ 31 $ 155 $ 426 $ 19 $ 910 Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans and Leases Loans and leases are placed on nonaccrual if it becomes evident that full collection of principal and interest is at risk, impairment has been recognized as a partial charge-off of principal balance due to insufficient collateral value and past due status, or on a case-by-case basis if FHN continues to receive payments but there are other borrower-specific issues. Included in nonaccrual are loans for which FHN continues to receive payments including residential real estate loans where the borrower has been discharged of personal obligation through bankruptcy. Past due loans are loans contractually past due as to interest or principal payments, but which have not yet been put on nonaccrual status. In accordance with revised Interagency Guidance issued in 2020, FHN was not required to designate loans with deferrals granted in response to COVID-19 as past due because of such deferrals. If a borrower defers payment, this may result in no contractual payments being past due, and as such, loans would not be considered past due during the period of deferral, and as a result, are excluded from loans past due 30-89 days and loans 90+ days past due in the tables below. The following table reflects accruing and non-accruing loans and leases by class on December 31, 2022 and 2021: Table 8.3.6 ACCRUING & NON-ACCRUING LOANS & LEASES December 31, 2022 Accruing Non-Accruing (Dollars in millions) Current 30-89 90+ Total Current 30-89 90+ Total Total Commercial, financial, and industrial: C&I (a) $ 29,309 $ 50 $ 11 $ 29,370 $ 64 $ 10 $ 79 $ 153 $ 29,523 Loans to mortgage companies 2,258 — — 2,258 — — — — 2,258 Total commercial, financial, and industrial 31,567 50 11 31,628 64 10 79 153 31,781 Commercial real estate: CRE (b) 13,208 11 — 13,219 7 — 2 9 13,228 Consumer real estate: HELOC (c) 1,967 12 5 1,984 32 4 8 44 2,028 Real estate installment loans (d) 10,079 25 13 10,117 56 5 47 108 10,225 Total consumer real estate 12,046 37 18 12,101 88 9 55 152 12,253 Credit card and other: Credit card 287 5 4 296 — — — — 296 Other 540 2 — 542 1 — 1 2 544 Total credit card and other 827 7 4 838 1 — 1 2 840 Total loans and leases $ 57,648 $ 105 $ 33 $ 57,786 $ 160 $ 19 $ 137 $ 316 $ 58,102 December 31, 2021 Accruing Non-Accruing (Dollars in millions) Current 30-89 90+ Total Current 30-89 90+ Total Total Commercial, financial, and industrial: C&I (a) $ 26,367 $ 53 $ 5 $ 26,425 $ 97 $ 1 $ 27 $ 125 $ 26,550 Loans to mortgage companies 4,518 — — 4,518 — — — — 4,518 Total commercial, financial, and industrial 30,885 53 5 30,943 97 1 27 125 31,068 Commercial real estate: CRE (b) 12,087 13 — 12,100 6 1 2 9 12,109 Consumer real estate: HELOC (c) 1,906 7 6 1,919 34 2 9 45 1,964 Real estate installment loans (d) 8,658 30 27 8,715 44 3 46 93 8,808 Total consumer real estate 10,564 37 33 10,634 78 5 55 138 10,772 Credit card and other: Credit card 292 2 2 296 — — — — 296 Other 608 3 — 611 1 — 2 3 614 Total credit card and other 900 5 2 907 1 — 2 3 910 Total loans and leases $ 54,436 $ 108 $ 40 $ 54,584 $ 182 $ 7 $ 86 $ 275 $ 54,859 (a) $147 million and $99 million of C&I loans are nonaccrual loans that have been specifically reviewed for impairment with no related allowance in 2022 and 2021, respectively. (b) $5 million of CRE loans are nonaccrual loans that have been specifically reviewed for impairment with no related allowance for both 2022 and 2021. (c) $5 million and $7 million of HELOC loans are nonaccrual loans that have been specifically reviewed for impairment with no related allowance for 2022 and 2021, respectively. (d) $7 million and $50 million of real estate installment loans are nonaccrual loans that have been specifically reviewed for impairment with no related allowance for 2022 and 2021, respectively. Collateral-Dependent Loans Collateral-dependent loans are defined as loans for which repayment is expected to be derived substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. At a minimum, the estimated value of the collateral for each loan equals the current book value. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, FHN had commercial loans with amortized cost of approximately $124 million and $120 million, respectively, that were based on the value of underlying collateral. Collateral-dependent C&I and CRE loans totaled $116 million and $8 million, respectively, at December 31, 2022. The collateral for these loans generally consists of business assets including land, buildings, equipment and financial assets. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, FHN recognized total charge-offs of approximately $10 million and $26 million, respectively, on these loans related to reductions in estimated collateral values. Consumer HELOC and real estate installment loans with amortized cost based on the value of underlying real estate collateral were approximately $7 million and $26 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2022, and $7 million and $20 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2021. Charge-offs were $2 million for collateral-dependent consumer loans during the year ended December 31, 2022, and were $1 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. Troubled Debt Restructurings As part of FHN’s ongoing risk management practices, FHN attempts to work with borrowers when necessary to extend or modify loan terms to better align with their current ability to repay. Extensions and modifications to loans are made in accordance with internal policies and guidelines which conform to regulatory guidance. Each occurrence is unique to the borrower and is evaluated separately. A modification is classified as a TDR if the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and it is determined that FHN has granted a concession to the borrower. FHN may determine that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty if the borrower is currently in default on any of its debt, or if it is probable that a borrower may default in the foreseeable future. Many aspects of a borrower’s financial situation are assessed when determining whether they are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions could include extension of the maturity date, reductions of the interest rate (which may make the rate lower than current market for a new loan with similar risk), reduction or forgiveness of accrued interest, or principal forgiveness. The assessments of whether a borrower is experiencing (or is likely to experience) financial difficulty, and whether a concession has been granted, are subjective in nature and management’s judgment is required when determining whether a modification is classified as a TDR. Commercial loan TDRs are typically modified through forbearance agreements which could include reduced interest rates, reduced payments, release of guarantor, or entering into short sale agreements. Modifications for consumer loans are generally structured using parameters of U.S. government-sponsored programs. For HELOC and real estate installment loans, TDRs are typically modified by an interest rate reduction and a possible maturity date extension to reach an affordable housing debt-to-income ratio. Despite the absence of a loan modification, the discharge of personal liability through bankruptcy proceedings is considered a concession. As a result, FHN classifies all non-reaffirmed residential real estate loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy as nonaccruing TDRs. For the credit card portfolio, TDRs are typically modified through either a short-term credit card hardship program or a longer-term credit card workout program. In the credit card hardship program, borrowers may be granted rate and payment reductions for six months to one year. In the credit card workout program, borrowers are granted a rate reduction to 0% and a term extension for up to five years. On December 31, 2022 and 2021, FHN had $180 million and $206 million of portfolio loans classified as TDRs, respectively. Additionally, $30 million and $35 million of loans held for sale as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, were classified as TDRs. Loan modifications that were made during the year ended December 31, 2021 that met the TDR relief provisions outlined in either the CARES Act, as extended by the CAA, or revised Interagency Guidance, have been excluded from consideration as TDRs and therefore are excluded from these disclosures. The following table presents the end of period balance for loans modified in a TDR during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: Table 8.3.7 LOANS MODIFIED IN A TDR 2022 2021 (Dollars in millions) Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification C&I 6 $ 30 $ 24 32 $ 37 $ 34 CRE 1 1 1 1 12 10 HELOC 98 7 7 25 3 3 Real estate installment loans 181 41 41 87 14 14 Credit card and other 81 12 12 51 — — Total TDRs 367 $ 91 $ 85 196 $ 66 $ 61 The following table presents TDRs which re-defaulted during 2022 and 2021, and as to which the modification occurred 12 months or less prior to the re-default. For purposes of this disclosure, FHN generally defines payment default as 30 or more days past due. Table 8.3.8 LOANS MODIFIED IN A TDR THAT RE-DEFAULTED 2022 2021 (Dollars in millions) Number Recorded Number Recorded C&I 5 $ — 18 $ 5 CRE — — 6 19 HELOC 22 1 1 — Real estate installment loans 54 15 9 5 Credit card and other 17 — 4 — Total TDRs 98 $ 16 38 $ 29 |