Frequency Electronics (FEIM) 10-Q2022 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period ended January 31, 2022

OR

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File No. 1-8061

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 516-794-4500

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

The number of shares outstanding of registrant’s Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share, as of March 11, 2022 – 9,283,652

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands except par value)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands except per share data)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

Three and Nine Months Ended January 31, 2022

(In thousands except share data)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

Three and Nine Months Ended January 31, 2021

(In thousands except share data)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

NOTE A – CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In the opinion of management of Frequency Electronics, Inc. (the “Company”), the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements reflect all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of January 31, 2022 and the results of its operations, changes in stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, and cash flows for the nine months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021. The April 30, 2021 condensed consolidated balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements. These financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP’). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021, filed on June 30, 2021 with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The results of operations for such interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year.

COVID-19 Pandemic

The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve as of the date of this report. The current resurgence of COVID-19 variants may have additional, unforeseen, impacts. As such, it is uncertain as to the full magnitude that the pandemic may have on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, and future results of operations. For the nine months ended January 31, 2022, the Company was impacted by employee absenteeism related to direct or indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain delays and shortages due to COVID-19 impacts to various vendors, and delays in the receipt of anticipated new contracts from customers due to COVID-19 related administrative delays. Management has taken steps to minimize COVID-19 related impacts to our workforce. Given the changing dynamics of the pandemic, it is not possible for the Company to estimate potential future adverse effects on its operations, financial condition, or liquidity for fiscal year 2022. As of July 31, 2021, the Company had returned to normal operations. The Company continues to follow CDC and state guidelines with an emphasis on employee safety.

The Company faces various future COVID-19 related risks, including the possibility of impact from possible future variants. The Company is dependent on its workforce to design and manufacture its products. If significant portions of the Company’s workforce are unable to work effectively, or if the U.S. Government, state and/or other customers or supplier operations are curtailed due to illness, quarantines, government actions, facility closures, or other restrictions, the Company’s operations may be impacted. If so, the Company may be unable to perform fully on its contracts and costs may increase. These cost increases may not be fully recoverable or adequately covered by insurance. Through the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, the Company experienced some disruption due to the need to vacate certain areas of its facilities for cleaning and disinfecting as a result of employees potentially being exposed to COVID-19 or following positive COVID-19 test results, as well as employee absenteeism related to COVID-19 exposure or illness. Also, certain of the Company’s vendors have been unable to deliver materials on time due to COVID-19 related impacts to their workforces or their supply chains. These delays impacted the Company’s production costs and schedules. Vendor delivery performance is being closely monitored and alternate sources of supply are generally available and, in some cases, are being established.

NOTE B – EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

Reconciliation of the weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the three- and nine-months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, were as follows:

** For the three and nine-months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of earnings per share since the inclusion of such shares would be antidilutive due to the net loss for those periods. The exercisable shares excluded for the three- and nine-months ended January 31, 2022 was 223,000 options. The exercisable shares excluded for the three- and nine-months ended January 31, 2021 was 229,000 and 331,000 options, respectively.

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

NOTE C – COSTS AND ESTIMATED EARNINGS IN EXCESS OF BILLINGS, NET

At January 31, 2022 and April 30, 2021, costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings, net, respectively, consisted of the following:

Such amounts represent revenue recognized on long-term contracts that had not been billed at the balance sheet dates or represent a liability for amounts billed in excess of the revenue earned. Amounts are billed to customers pursuant to contract terms. In general, the recorded amounts will be billed and collected and revenue recognized within twelve months of the balance sheet date. Revenue on these long-term contracts is accounted for on the percentage of completion (“POC”) basis. During the three and nine months ended January 31, 2022, revenue recognized under POC contracts was approximately $11.8 million and $36.4 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended January 31, 2021, revenue recognized under POC contracts was approximately $10.8 million and $35.6 million, respectively. Anticipated contract losses, if any, are accrued for in the period such determination is made. Contract losses of approximately $171,000 and $218,000 were recorded for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2022, respectively. Contract losses of approximately $144,000 and $876,000 were recorded for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2021, respectively.

NOTE D –STOCK TRANSACTIONS

During the three and nine-month periods ended January 31, 2022, the Company made contributions of 7,045 and 31,075 shares of its common stock, respectively, to the Company’s profit-sharing plan and trust under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Such contributions are in accordance with the Company’s discretionary match of employee voluntary contributions to this plan.

NOTE E – INVENTORIES, NET

Inventories, which is reported at the lower of cost and net realizable value, consisted of the following:

The amounts above are net of reserves of $7.0 million and $7.3 million as of January 31, 2022 and April 30, 2021, respectively.

NOTE F – RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LEASE LIABILITIES

The Company’s leases primarily represent offices, warehouses, vehicles, and manufacturing and research and development facilities, which expire at various times through 2029 and are operating leases. Contractual arrangements are evaluated at inception to determine if the agreement contains a lease. Certain lease agreements contain renewal options, rent abatement, and escalation clauses that are factored into our determination of lease payments when appropriate. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities are recorded based on the present value of future lease payments which factor in certain qualifying initial direct costs incurred as well as any lease incentives that may have been received. Lease expenses for operating lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease terms may factor in options to extend or terminate the lease.

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The Company elected the practical expedient for short-term leases, which allows leases with terms of twelve months or less to be recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term without being recognized on the balance sheet.

The table below presents ROU assets and liabilities recorded on the respective consolidated balance sheets as follows:

Total operating lease expense was $500,000 and $1.5 million for the three and nine-months ended January 31, 2022, respectively, the majority of which is included in cost of revenues and the remaining amount in selling and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Total operating lease expense was $500,000 and $1.5 million for the three and nine-months ended January 31, 2021, respectively, the majority of which is included in cost of revenues and the remaining amount in selling and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The table below reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for each of the first four fiscal years and total of the remaining fiscal years to the operating lease liabilities recorded on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2022:

As of January 31, 2022, the weighted-average remaining lease term for all operating leases was 6.5 years. The Company does not generally have access to the rate implicit in the leases and therefore utilized the Company’s borrowing rate as the discount rate. The weighted average discount rate for operating leases as of January 31, 2022 was 6.15%.

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

NOTE G – SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company operates under 2 reportable segments based on the geographic locations of its subsidiaries:

The Company measures segment performance based on total revenues and profits generated by each geographic location rather than on the specific types of customers or end-users. Consequently, the Company determined that the segments indicated above most appropriately reflect the way the Company’s management views the business.

The accounting policies of the two segments are the same as those described in the “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the fiscal year-end financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021, filed on June 30, 2021 with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments and allocates resources to them based on operating profit, which is defined as income before investment income, interest expense and taxes. All acquired assets, including intangible assets, are included in the assets of both reporting segments.

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The tables below present information about reported segments with reconciliation of segment amounts to consolidated amounts as reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations or the condensed consolidated balance sheets for each of the periods (in thousands):

Total revenue recognized over time as POC and Passage of Title (“POT”) were approximately $11.8 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of the $12.2 million reported for the three months ended January 31, 2022. Total revenue recognized over time, as POC and POT were approximately $36.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively, of the $38.1 million reported for the nine months ended January 31, 2022. Total revenue recognized over time as POC and POT were approximately $10.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of the $11.7 million reported for the three months ended January 31, 2021. Total revenue recognized over time, as POC and POT were approximately $35.6 million and $3.0 million, respectively, for the nine months ended January 31, 2021. The amounts by segment and product line were as follows:

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

NOTE H – INVESTMENT IN MORION, INC.

The Company has an investment in Morion, Inc. (“Morion”), a privately held Russian company, which manufactures high precision quartz resonators and crystal oscillators. The Company has also licensed certain technology to Morion.

The Company’s investment consists of 4.6% of Morion’s outstanding shares, accordingly, the Company accounts for its investment in Morion on the cost basis. This investment of approximately $800,000 is included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. During the three and nine months ended January 31, 2022, the Company acquired product from Morion in the aggregate amount of approximately $95,000 and $215,000, respectively. During the three and nine months ended January 31, 2021, the Company acquired product from Morion in the aggregate amount of approximately $199,000 and $467,000, respectively. During the nine months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company received dividends from Morion in the amount of approximately $123,000 and $105,000, respectively, which is included in other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations as part of the FEI-NY segment.

Morion is a less than wholly owned subsidiary of Gazprombank, a state-owned Russian bank. The U.S. Ukraine-related sanctions regime has since 2014 included a list of sectoral sanctions identifications (“SSI”) pursuant to Executive Order 13662, which prohibits certain transactions, including certain extensions of credit, with an entity designated as an SSI or certain affiliates of an entity designated as an SSI. On July 16, 2014, after the Company’s investment in Morion, Gazprombank was designated as an SSI. As of February 24, 2022, Gazprombank is also subject to Directive 3 under Executive Order 14024, which contains similar restrictions on new extensions of credit.

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

NOTE I – FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, and fair market value of available-for-sale securities at January 31, 2022 and April 30, 2021, respectively, were as follows (in thousands):

The following table presents the fair value and unrealized losses, aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):

The Company regularly reviews its investment portfolio to identify and evaluate investments that have indications of possible impairment. The Company does not believe that its investments in marketable securities with unrealized losses at January 31, 2022 were other-than-temporary due to market volatility of the security’s fair value, analysts’ expectations and the Company’s ability to hold the securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recoveries in market value.

During the three and nine months ended January 31, 2022, the Company sold or redeemed available-for-sale securities of approximately $312,000 and $1.7 million, respectively, realizing gains of approximately $5,000 for the nine months ended January 31, 2022.

Maturities of fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale at January 31, 2022 were as follows, at cost (in thousands):

The fair value accounting framework provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

The asset or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company’s money market, business account, and U.S. securities are valued on a Level 1 basis. The Company’s fixed income corporate debt securities and certificates of deposit are valued on a Level 2 basis.

NOTE J – RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”), which simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under ASU 2017-04, goodwill impairment will be tested by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, and recognizing an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The new guidance must be applied on a prospective basis and is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company will not be adopting ASU 2017-04 early, and is in the process of determining the effect that ASU 2017-04 may have. However, the Company expects the new standard to have an immaterial effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is evaluating the effect, if any, the update will have on its consolidated financial statements when adopted in fiscal year 2023.

NOTE K – CREDIT FACILITY

As of January 31, 2022, the Company had available credit with UBS Bank USA at variable terms based on its securities holdings under an advisory arrangement. On April 12, 2020, the Company received proceeds from a loan under the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP Loan”) in the amount of $4,964,810 from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as the Lender, pursuant to the Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program under the Coronavirus Aid Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act. The PPP Loan was repaid in full on May 6, 2020.

NOTE L – VALUATION ALLOWANCE ON DEFERRED TAX ASSETS

Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future.

As required by the authoritative guidance on accounting for income taxes, we evaluate the realization of deferred tax assets on a jurisdictional basis at each reporting date. We consider all positive and negative evidence, including the reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and results of recent operations. Accounting for income taxes requires that a valuation allowance be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In circumstances where there is sufficient negative evidence indicating that the deferred tax assets will not be realizable, we establish a valuation allowance. As of January 31, 2022, and April 30, 2021, the Company maintained a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. If these estimates and assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to adjust its existing valuation allowance resulting in changes to deferred income tax expense.

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

NOTE M – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

On January 28, 2020, Martin B. Bloch, the former Chief Scientist of the Company and a former member of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”), filed a complaint against the Company and Jonathan Brolin, Lance W. Lord, Russell M. Sarachek, Richard Schwartz and Stanton D. Sloane, each in their capacity as members of the Board (collectively, the “Director Defendants”), in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Nassau (Bloch v. Frequency Electronics, Inc., et al., Index No. 601369/2020 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. filed Jan. 28, 2020)). Mr. Bloch sought compensatory damages and costs and attorney’s fees, among other things, based on allegations that he was wrongfully terminated “for cause” pursuant to his employment agreement, dated March 17, 2008, and that the Company and the Director Defendants discriminated against him based on his age.

On August 25, 2021, the Company settled the aforementioned disputes with Mr. Bloch. Under the Agreement on Material Terms of Settlement (the “Settlement Terms”), dated August 25, 2021, between and among the Company, the Director Defendants, and the Compensation Committee, in its capacity as administrator under the deferred compensation agreements, and Mr. Bloch and certain members of Mr. Bloch’s family, in full and complete settlement of all claims asserted and all sums sought by Mr. Bloch in the litigation and arbitration proceedings, the Company agreed to pay Mr. Bloch $6 million on or before September 24, 2021.

Consistent with the Settlement Terms, on September 21, 2021, the Company, the Director of Defendants, the Company’s Compensation Committee and Mr. Bloch and certain members of Mr. Bloch’s family entered into a formal written settlement agreement, providing for the Company’s payment of $6 million in full and complete settlement of all claims asserted and all sums sought by Mr. Bloch in the litigation and arbitration proceedings. This settlement agreement concluded all previously disclosed disputes between Mr. Bloch and the Company, the Director Defendants and the Company’s Compensation Committee. Prior to the termination of Mr. Bloch’s employment and commencement of the litigation and arbitration proceedings, the Company had been regularly accruing amounts pertaining to Mr. Bloch’s post-employment deferred compensation retirement benefits. As of July 31, 2021, the Company had accrued $6 million for deferred compensation and contingent liability in connection with the settlement with Mr. Bloch. The settlement resulted in a net expense of $650,000 to the Company and eliminated further legal expenses with respect to the dispute between Mr. Bloch and the Company. This net expense for financial statement purposes was recognized in selling and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three months ended July 31, 2021.

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

“Safe Harbor” Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995:

The statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q regarding future earnings and operations and other statements relating to the future constitute “forward-looking” statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements inherently involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Factors that would cause or contribute to such differences include but are not limited to, the risks associated with health epidemics and pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic and similar outbreaks, such as their impact on our financial condition and results of operations and on our ability to continue manufacturing and distributing our products, and the impact of health epidemics and pandemics on general economic conditions, including any resulting recession, our inability to integrate operations and personnel, actions by significant customers or competitors, general domestic and international economic conditions, reliance on key customers, continued acceptance of the Company’s products in the marketplace, competitive factors, new products and technological changes, product prices and raw material costs, dependence upon third-party vendors, competitive developments, changes in manufacturing and transportation costs, the availability of capital, and the outcome of any litigation and arbitration proceedings. The factors listed above are not exhaustive. Other sections of this Form 10-Q and in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021, filed on June 30, 2021 with the Securities and Exchange Commission include additional factors that could materially and adversely impact the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, the Company operates in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict the impact of all these factors on the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not rely on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Any or all of the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q and any other public statement made by the Company or its management may turn out to be incorrect. The Company expressly disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021, filed on June 30, 2021 with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company believes its most critical accounting policies to be the recognition of revenue and costs on production contracts, income taxes, and the valuation of inventory. Each of these areas requires the Company to make use of reasonable estimates including estimating the cost to complete a contract, the realizable value of its inventory and the market value of its products. Changes in estimates can have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations. The Company’s significant accounting policies did not change during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2022.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied, which is when the expected goods or services are transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to receive. A performance obligation is a distinct product or service that is transferred to the customer based on the contract. The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation and is recognized as revenue upon satisfaction of that performance obligation. The Company derives revenue from contracts with customers by units sold with specific specifications and frequencies that are used by a specific customer and contracts where the end user is the government. The Company’s contracts typically include one performance obligation which is satisfied by shipped projects and completed services/reports required in the contract. Control over these performance obligations passes to the customer over time and therefore these revenues are reported in operating results over time using the cost-to-cost method. Under this method, revenue is recorded based upon the ratio that incurred costs bear to total estimated contract costs with related cost of revenues recorded as the costs are incurred. Each month management reviews estimated contract costs through a process of aggregating actual costs incurred and estimating additional costs to completion based upon the current available information and status of the contract. The effect of any change in the estimated gross margin rate (“GM Rate”) for a contract is reflected in revenues in the period in which the change is known. Provisions for the full amount of anticipated losses on contracts are made in the period in which they become determinable.

For smaller contracts or orders, sales of products and services to customers are reported in operating results based upon (i) shipment of the product or (ii) performance of the services pursuant to terms of the customer order. When payment is contingent upon customer acceptance of the installed system, revenue is deferred until such acceptance is received and installation completed. The Company’s products generally carry a one-year warranty, but may vary based on the contract terms.

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

(Continued)

Significant judgment is used in evaluating the financial information for certain contracts to determine an appropriate budget and estimated cost. The Company evaluates this information continuously and bases its judgments on historical experience, design specifications, and expected costs for material and labor. The Company evaluates the amount of development risk associated with new contracts which entail the development of new or significantly modified products and incorporates additional costs to cover these risks. These are estimates based on the Company’s best judgement, but because this entails estimations based on products not heretofore developed, there is risk that the estimates may ultimately prove to be incorrect and that costs are impacted.

Contract costs include all direct material, direct labor costs, manufacturing overhead and other direct costs related to contract performance. Selling, general and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred.

Inventory

In accordance with industry practice, inventoried costs contain amounts relating to contracts and programs with long production cycles, a portion of which will not be realized within one year. Inventory write downs are established for slow-moving materials based on percentage of usage over a ten-year period, obsolete items on a gradual basis over five years with no usage and costs incurred on programs for which production-level orders cannot be determined as probable. Such write-downs are based upon management’s experience and expectations for future business. Any changes arising from revised expectations are reflected in cost of revenues in the period the revision is made.

COVID-19 Pandemic Update and CARES Act

The Company’s priority during the COVID-19 pandemic has been to protect the health and safety of its employees while remaining operational. Within the limitations imposed by governmental health and safety procedures, the Company has continued to manufacture its full range of products at its facilities. The Company has educated employees about COVID-19 symptoms and hygiene best practices. The Company’s policies also include taking an employee’s temperature before entering facilities; mandating handwashing and use of hand sanitizer; requiring social distancing and face coverings; encouraging, and in some cases, requiring remote work for those employees who can work from home; and disinfecting facilities. In addition, unvaccinated employees are required to be tested weekly and show negative results in order to work in the facility. Visitors, contractors, customers and other personnel are required to show proof of vaccination in order to be admitted.

As of January 31, 2022, the Company was aware of sixty employees that have had confirmed cases of COVID-19 since the pandemic began, with one fatality. Additional employees have been absent or self-quarantined due to possible COVID-19 exposure, although not necessarily having tested positive. Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, facilities have remained open except for needing to temporarily vacate certain areas for cleaning and disinfecting following either employees testing positive for COVID-19 or because they had been exposed or possibly exposed to third parties who were positive. Certain Company vendors have been unable to deliver materials on time due to COVID-19 related impacts to their workforces or their supply chains. These delays have impacted the Company’s production schedules and increased costs associated with procurement of materials and services. The Company continues to monitor these and other vendors and seek alternative sources of supply, which, in some cases, are being established. The Company also believes the pandemic has impacted customers, resulting in delays with respect to anticipated new orders due to COVID-19 related administrative delays.

The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve as of the date of this report. As such, it is uncertain as to the full magnitude that the pandemic may have on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, and future results of operations. Management is actively monitoring the impact of the global situation on its financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce. Given the changing dynamics of the pandemic, it is not possible for the Company to estimate potential future effects on its operations, financial condition, or liquidity.

On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed into law the “Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act.” The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer side social security payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations, increased limitations on qualified charitable contributions, and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. The CARES Act also appropriated funds for the Small Business Administration (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program loans that are forgivable in certain situations to promote continued employment, as well as Economic Injury Disaster Loans to provide liquidity to small businesses harmed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company received a PPP Loan in April 2020, which it repaid in full in May 2020. For more detail regarding the Company’s PPP Loan, see Note 8 in Part II, Item 8 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021.

FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

(Continued)

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The table below sets forth for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, the percentage of consolidated revenues represented by certain items in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations or notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements:

Revenues

For the three months ended January 31, 2022 revenues from commercial and U.S. Government satellite programs accounted for approximately 62% of consolidated revenues compared to approximately 50% of consolidated revenues during this same period in fiscal year 2021. Revenues are recognized primarily under the POC method. Revenues from the satellite market are recorded in the FEI-NY segment. Revenues from non-space U.S. Government/Department of Defense (“DOD”) customers, which are recorded in both the FEI-NY and FEI-Zyfer segments, accounted for approximately 35% of consolidated revenues compared to approximately 47% of consolidated revenue during the same period in fiscal year 2021. Other commercial and industrial revenues accounted for approximately 3% of consolidated revenue for both the three months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021.

For the nine months ended January 31, 2022 revenues from commercial and U.S. Government satellite programs accounted for approximately 55% of consolidated revenues compared to approximately 52% of consolidated revenues during this same period in fiscal year 2021. Differences in composition, as well as overall revenue decreases for the quarter resulted from a decline in revenue at FEI-Zyfer. Revenues are recognized primarily under the POC method. Revenues from the satellite market are recorded in the FEI-NY segment. Revenues from non-space U.S. Government/DOD customers, which are recorded in both the FEI-NY and FEI-Zyfer segments accounted for approximately 39% of consolidated revenues for the nine months ended January 31, 2022 compared to approximately 42% of consolidated revenue during the same period of fiscal year 2021. Other commercial and industrial revenues for the nine months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021 accounted approximately 6% of consolidated revenues.

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Gross Margin

For the three-month period ended January 31, 2022, gross margin and GM Rate increased compared to the same period in fiscal year 2021. The increase in gross margin and GM Rate was affected by variations in engineering costs associated with programs in their development vs production phase in the prior year. For the nine-month period ended January 31, 2022, gross margin and GM Rate decreased as compared to the same period in fiscal year 2021. The decrease in gross margin and GM Rate was due to increased engineering costs on development phase programs that experienced particularly complex technical challenges, as well as cost impacts on several programs resulting from supply chain problems. Lack of availability of parts and materials and/or quality problems with traditional vendors resulted in the need to redesign certain electronic units to replace unavailable parts with different parts that were available in order to maintain contract delivery schedules. In several cases, re-procurement of circuit boards and mechanical parts was necessitated by quality issues in the supply chain, further contributing to increased costs.

Selling and Administrative Expenses

For the three months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, selling, and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses were approximately 23% and 21%, respectively, of consolidated revenues. Increases reflect the impact of rising costs for various services. For the nine months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, SG&A expenses were approximately 25%, of consolidated revenues. The decrease in SG&A expenses for the nine months ended January 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year period is mainly due to the decrease in professional fees. With the previously announced settlement of litigation with the Company’s former Chief Scientist we expect this trend to continue as expenses normalize.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development (“R&D”) expenditures represent investments intended to keep the Company’s products at the leading edge of time and frequency technology and enhance future competitiveness. The R&D rate for the three-month period ended January 31, 2022 was 9% of sales compared to 11% of sales for the same period of the previous fiscal year. R&D decreases for the third quarter of fiscal year 2022 are related to a focus on projects currently in the production phase. The R&D rate for the nine-month period ended January 31, 2022 was 10% of sales compared to 9% of sales for the same period of the previous fiscal year. R&D increases in the nine months ended January 31, 2022 were due to higher than usual level of internal R&D associated with investments the Company is making in new technology developments related to atomic clocks and low-noise oscillators that are intended to produce long-term increases in revenue and position the Company to compete in the market place with next generation products. The Company plans to continue to invest in R&D to keep its products at the state of the art.

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Operating Loss

During the three-month period ended January 31, 2022, operating losses resulted largely in FEI-Zyfer, reflecting the impact of reduced revenue, as compared with the same period in fiscal year 2021. Operating losses for the nine-month period ended January 31, 2022 resulted from lower revenues and lower gross margins. During both periods the Company experienced increased supply chain and other costs.

Other Income (Expense), net

Investment income is derived primarily from the Company’s holdings of marketable securities. Earnings on securities may vary based on fluctuating interest rates, dividend payout levels, and the timing of purchases, sales, redemptions or maturities of securities. For the nine-month period ended January 31, 2022 investment income included a $123,000 dividend from Morion, compared to a $105,000 dividend from Morion in the same period in fiscal 2021.

Income Tax Provision