Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure | PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS Defined Benefit Pension Plans We have defined benefit pension plans that cover certain employees in the U.S., Germany, the UK, Switzerland, Canada and Israel. Pension benefits under defined benefit pension plans are based on years of service and, for certain plans, on average compensation for specified years preceding retirement. We fund pension costs in accordance with the funding requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), as amended, for U.S. plans and in accordance with local regulations or customs for non-U.S. plans. The accrued benefit for all participants in the Kennametal Inc. Retirement Income Plan was frozen as of December 31, 2016. The majority of our defined benefit pension plans are closed to future participation. We have an Executive Retirement Plan for certain executives and a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan both of which are closed to future participation as of June 15, 2017 and July 26, 2006, respectively. We presently provide varying levels of postretirement health care and life insurance benefits to certain employees and retirees. By fiscal 2019, participants over the age of 65 were transitioned to a private exchange and some received a fixed Health Retirement Account (HRA) contribution to offset the cost of their coverage. Postretirement health and life benefits are closed to future participants as of December 31, 2016. We use a June 30 measurement date for all of our plans. During fiscal 2021, as part of the plan to wind-up the fully frozen, overfunded Canadian defined benefit pension plans, the Company purchased an upfront annuity for retirees resulting in a non-cash settlement charge of $2.8 million. The Company expects to complete the wind-up of the Canadian plans by fiscal 2024. During 2023, the Company annuitized a portion of its UK defined benefit pension plans through the purchase of a full buy-in policy. The Company expects to progress to a buy-out and an eventual wind-up of this portion of the UK plans after completing customary procedures including obtaining relevant regulatory approvals, the timing of which is expected to occur over the course of approximately two years. The funded status of our pension plans and amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30 were as follows: (in thousands) 2023 2022 Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation, beginning of year $ 741,009 $ 968,725 Service cost 963 1,117 Interest cost 32,235 22,532 Participant contributions 486 479 Actuarial gains (32,622) (170,055) Benefits and expenses paid (52,625) (53,149) Currency translation adjustments 7,372 (27,074) Plan amendments (50) (66) Plan settlements (1,260) (1,805) Plan curtailments (3) (3) Other adjustments 406 308 Benefit obligation, end of year $ 695,911 $ 741,009 Change in plans' assets: Fair value of plans' assets, beginning of year $ 695,965 $ 890,104 Actual return on plans' assets (4,063) (133,374) Company contributions 7,842 8,170 Participant contributions 486 479 Plan settlements (1,260) (1,805) Benefits and expenses paid (52,625) (53,149) Currency translation adjustments 3,842 (14,455) Other adjustments (7) (5) Fair value of plans' assets, end of year $ 650,180 $ 695,965 Funded status of plans $ (45,731) $ (45,044) Amounts recognized in the balance sheets consist of: Long-term prepaid benefit $ 70,567 $ 66,433 Short-term accrued benefit obligation (7,562) (6,406) Accrued pension benefits (108,736) (105,071) Net amount recognized $ (45,731) $ (45,044) The pre-tax amounts related to our defined benefit pension plans recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows at June 30: (in thousands) 2023 2022 Unrecognized net actuarial losses $ 284,054 $ 274,416 Unrecognized net prior service costs 1,772 1,822 Unrecognized transition obligations 76 158 Total $ 285,902 $ 276,396 To the best of our knowledge and belief, the asset portfolios of our defined benefit pension plans do not contain our capital stock. Apart from the partial annuitization of the Canadian plans as previously mentioned, we do not issue insurance contracts to cover future annual benefits of defined benefit pension plan participants. Transactions between us and our defined benefit pension plans include the reimbursement of plan expenditures incurred by us on behalf of the plans. To the best of our knowledge and belief, the reimbursement of cost is permissible under current ERISA rules or local government law. The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $695.3 million and $740.4 million as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Included in the above information are plans with accumulated benefit obligations exceeding the fair value of plan assets as of June 30 as follows: (in thousands) 2023 2022 Projected benefit obligation $ 123,065 $ 118,199 Accumulated benefit obligation 122,395 117,614 Fair value of plan assets 6,739 6,718 The components of net periodic pension income include the following as of June 30: (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Service cost $ 963 $ 1,117 $ 1,685 Interest cost 32,235 22,532 23,188 Expected return on plans' assets (40,124) (51,928) (53,653) Amortization of transition obligation 84 94 94 Amortization of prior service cost 5 13 34 Curtailment (1) (2) (7) Settlement 18 205 3,190 Recognition of actuarial losses 4,440 11,702 13,606 Other adjustments 431 277 (473) Net periodic pension income $ (1,950) $ (15,990) $ (12,336) As of June 30, 2023, the projected benefit payments, including future service accruals for these plans for 2024 through 2028, are $55.5 million, $55.6 million, $55.1 million, $55.1 million and $54.2 million, respectively, and $258.2 million in 2029 through 2033. The amounts of accumulated other comprehensive loss expected to be recognized in net periodic pension cost during 2024 related to net actuarial losses are $5.7 million. The amount of accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized in net periodic pension cost during 2024 related to transition obligations and prior service cost is $0.1 million. We expect to contribute approximately $9.3 million to our pension plans in 2024, which is primarily for international plans. Other Postretirement Benefit Plans The funded status of our other postretirement benefit plans and the related amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets were as follows: (in thousands) 2023 2022 Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation, beginning of year $ 9,113 $ 11,383 Interest cost 417 288 Actuarial losses (442) (1,402) Benefits paid (1,067) (1,224) Other (130) 68 Benefit obligation, end of year $ 7,891 $ 9,113 Funded status of plan $ (7,891) $ (9,113) Amounts recognized in the balance sheets consist of: Short-term accrued benefit obligation $ (1,091) $ (1,189) Accrued postretirement benefits (6,800) (7,924) Net amount recognized $ (7,891) $ (9,113) The pre-tax amounts related to our other postretirement benefit plans which were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows at June 30: (in thousands) 2023 2022 Unrecognized net actuarial losses $ 2,023 $ 2,657 Unrecognized net prior service credits (1,378) (1,649) Total $ 645 $ 1,008 The components of net periodic other postretirement benefit cost include the following for the years ended June 30: (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Interest cost $ 417 $ 288 $ 307 Amortization of prior service credit (271) (276) (276) Recognition of actuarial loss 192 297 307 Net periodic other postretirement benefit cost $ 338 $ 309 $ 338 As of June 30, 2023, the projected benefit payments, including future service accruals for our other postretirement benefit plans for 2024 through 2028, are $1.1 million, $1.0 million, $0.9 million, $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively, and $3.1 million in 2029 through 2033. The amounts of accumulated other comprehensive loss expected to be recognized in net periodic pension cost during 2024 related to net actuarial losses and related to prior service credit are costs of $0.1 million and income of $0.3 million, respectively. We expect to contribute $1.1 million to our other postretirement benefit plans in 2024. The service cost component of net periodic pension income of $1.0 million, $1.1 million and $1.7 million for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, was reported as a component of cost of goods sold and operating expense. The other components of net periodic pension income and net periodic other postretirement benefit cost totaling a net benefit of $2.6 million, $16.8 million and $13.7 million for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, were presented as a component of other expense (income), net. Assumptions The significant actuarial assumptions used to determine the present value of net benefit obligations for our defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans were as follows: 2023 2022 2021 Discount Rate: U.S. plans 5.6-6.3% 4.3-5.0% 1.2-3.0% International plans 1.8-5.4% 2.0-5.0% 0.3-3.2% Rates of future salary increases: U.S. plans (Executive Retirement Plan only) 4.0 % 4.0 % 4.0 % International plans 1.8 % 1.5 % 1.5 % The significant assumptions used to determine the net periodic income for our pension and other postretirement benefit plans were as follows: 2023 2022 2021 Discount Rate: U.S. plans 4.3-5.0% 1.2-3.0% 1.6-2.9% International plans 1.8-5.0% 0.3-3.2% 0.2-2.4% Rates of future salary increases: U.S. plans (Executive Retirement Plan only) 4.0 % 4.0 % 4.0 % International plans 1.5 % 1.5 % 1.5 % Rate of return on plans assets: U.S. plans 5.2 % 6.5 % 6.8 % International plans 2.0-5.0% 0.3-5.0% 0.2-5.3% The rates of return on plan assets are based on historical performance, as well as future expected returns by asset class considering macroeconomic conditions, current portfolio mix, long-term investment strategy and other available relevant information. The annual assumed rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered benefits (the health care cost trend rate) for our postretirement benefit plans was as follows: 2023 2022 2021 Health care costs trend rate assumed for next year 7.0 % 6.3 % 6.5 % Rate to which the cost trend rate gradually declines 5.0 % 5.0 % 5.0 % Year that the rate reaches the rate at which it is assumed to remain 2031 2027 2027 A change of one percentage point in the assumed health care cost trend rates would have an immaterial effect on both the total service and interest cost components of our other postretirement cost and other postretirement benefit obligation at June 30, 2023. Plan Assets The primary objective of certain of our pension plans' investment policies is to ensure that sufficient assets are available to provide the benefit obligations at the time the obligations come due. The overall investment strategy for the defined benefit pension plans' assets combines considerations of preservation of principal and moderate risk-taking. The assumption of an acceptable level of risk is warranted in order to achieve satisfactory results consistent with the long-term objectives of the portfolio. Fixed income securities comprise a significant portion of the portfolio due to their plan-liability-matching characteristics and to address the plans' cash flow requirements. Additionally, diversification of investments within each asset class is utilized to further reduce the effect of losses in single investments. Investment management practices for U.S. defined benefit pension plans must comply with ERISA and all applicable regulations and rulings thereof. The use of derivative instruments is permitted where appropriate and necessary for achieving overall investment policy objectives. Currently, the use of derivative instruments is not significant when compared to the overall investment portfolio. The Company utilizes a liability driven investment strategy (LDI) for the assets of its U.S. defined benefit pension plans in order to reduce the volatility of the funded status of these plans and to meet the obligations at an acceptable cost over the long term. This LDI strategy entails modifying the asset allocation and duration of the assets of the plans to more closely match the liability profile of these plans. The asset reallocation involves increasing the fixed income allocation, reducing the equity component and adding alternative investments. Longer duration interest rate swaps have been utilized periodically in order to increase the overall duration of the asset portfolio to more closely match the liabilities. Our defined benefit pension plans’ asset allocations as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 and target allocations for 2024, by asset class, were as follows: 2023 2022 Target % Equity 16 % 14 % 13 % Fixed Income 80 % 82 % 78 % Other 4 % 4 % 9 % The following sections describe the valuation methodologies used to measure the fair value of the defined benefit pension plan assets, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which each type of asset is generally classified (see Note 5 for the definition of fair value and a description of the fair value hierarchy). Corporate fixed income securities Investments in corporate fixed income securities consist of corporate debt and asset backed securities. These investments are classified as level two and are valued using independent observable market inputs such as the treasury curve, swap curve and yield curve. Common stock Common stocks are classified as level one and are valued at their quoted market price. Government securities Investments in government securities consist of fixed income securities such as U.S. government and agency obligations and foreign government bonds and asset and mortgage backed securities such as obligations issued by government sponsored organizations. These investments are classified as level two and are valued using independent observable market inputs such as the treasury curve, credit spreads and interest rates. Other fixed income securities Investments in other fixed income securities are classified as level two and valued based on observable market data. Other Other investments consist primarily of state and local obligations and short term investments including cash, corporate notes, and various short term debt instruments which can be redeemed within a nominal redemption notice period. These investments are primarily classified as level two and are valued using independent observable market inputs. The fair value methods described may not be reflective of future fair values. Additionally, while the Company believes the valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in different fair value measurement at the reporting date. The following table presents the fair value of the benefit plans' assets by asset category as of June 30, 2023: (in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 NAV (3) Total Common / collective trusts (3) : Blend funds $ — $ — $ — $ 50,612 $ 50,612 Mutual funds — — — 27,800 27,800 Corporate fixed income securities — 356,263 — — 356,263 Common stock 14,438 — — — 14,438 Government securities: U.S. government securities — 105,624 — — 105,624 Foreign government securities — 28,050 — — 28,050 Other fixed income securities — 55,404 — — 55,404 Other 717 11,272 — — 11,989 Total investments $ 15,155 $ 556,613 $ — $ 78,412 $ 650,180 The following table presents the fair value of the benefit plans' assets by asset category as of June 30, 2022: (in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 NAV (3) Total Common / collective trusts (3) : Blend funds $ — $ — $ — $ 48,973 $ 48,973 Mutual funds — — — 24,528 24,528 Corporate fixed income securities — 379,324 — — 379,324 Common stock 25,704 — — — 25,704 Government securities: U.S. government securities — 130,064 — — 130,064 Foreign government securities — 40,729 — — 40,729 Other fixed income securities — 20,248 — — 20,248 Other 747 25,648 — — 26,395 Total investments $ 26,451 $ 596,013 $ — $ 73,501 $ 695,965 (3) Investments in common / collective trusts invest primarily in publicly traded securities and are valued using net asset value (NAV) of units of a bank collective trust. Therefore, these amounts have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy and are presented in the tables to reconcile the fair value hierarchy to the total fair value of plan assets. Defined Contribution Plans We sponsor several defined contribution retirement plans. Costs for defined contribution plans were $15.8 million, $14.2 million and $13.3 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Certain U.S. employees are eligible to participate in the Kennametal Thrift Plus Plan (Thrift), which is a qualified defined contribution plan under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the Thrift, eligible employees receive a full match of their contributions up to 6 percent of eligible compensation. All contributions, including the company match and discretionary, are made in cash and invested in accordance with participants’ investment elections. There are no minimum amounts that must be invested in company stock, and there are no restrictions on transferring amounts out of company stock to another investment choice, other than excessive trading rules applicable to such investments. Employee contributions and our matching and discretionary contributions vest immediately as of the participants' employment dates. |