Investments | 4. Investments Fixed Maturity AFS Securities The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, allowance for credit losses and fair value of fixed maturity available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities (in millions) were as follows: As of September 30, 2022 Allowance Amortized Gross Unrealized for Credit Fair Cost Gains Losses Losses Value Fixed maturity AFS securities: Corporate bonds $ 89,112 $ 611 $ 12,270 $ 7 $ 77,446 U.S. government bonds 410 6 32 - 384 State and municipal bonds 5,412 188 511 - 5,089 Foreign government bonds 377 16 55 - 338 RMBS 2,244 28 219 5 2,048 CMBS 1,789 - 240 - 1,549 ABS 11,341 34 1,023 5 10,347 Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities 373 29 30 1 371 Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 111,058 $ 912 $ 14,380 $ 18 $ 97,572 As of December 31, 2021 Allowance Amortized Gross Unrealized for Credit Fair Cost Gains Losses Losses Value Fixed maturity AFS securities: Corporate bonds $ 86,373 $ 12,113 $ 349 $ 17 $ 98,120 U.S. government bonds 375 60 2 - 433 State and municipal bonds 5,322 1,311 12 - 6,621 Foreign government bonds 373 64 5 - 432 RMBS 2,334 196 4 1 2,525 CMBS 1,552 61 14 - 1,599 ABS 8,439 127 54 - 8,512 Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities 409 107 11 1 504 Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 105,177 $ 14,039 $ 451 $ 19 $ 118,746 The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity AFS securities by contractual maturities (in millions) as of September 30 , 2022, were as follows: Amortized Fair Cost Value Due in one year or less $ 3,138 $ 3,105 Due after one year through five years 17,300 16,361 Due after five years through ten years 18,948 16,779 Due after ten years 56,298 47,383 Subtotal 95,684 83,628 Structured securities (RMBS, CMBS, ABS) 15,374 13,944 Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 111,058 $ 97,572 Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or pre-pay obligations. The fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity AFS securities (dollars in millions) for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows: As of September 30, 2022 Less Than or Equal Greater Than to Twelve Months Twelve Months Total Gross Gross Gross Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Value Losses Value Losses Value Losses (1) Fixed maturity AFS securities: Corporate bonds $ 63,882 $ 10,929 $ 3,620 $ 1,341 $ 67,502 $ 12,270 U.S. government bonds 269 26 22 6 291 32 State and municipal bonds 2,024 471 106 40 2,130 511 Foreign government bonds 130 27 76 28 206 55 RMBS 1,630 211 35 8 1,665 219 CMBS 1,317 178 222 62 1,539 240 ABS 8,291 845 1,596 178 9,887 1,023 Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities 96 6 67 24 163 30 Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 77,639 $ 12,693 $ 5,744 $ 1,687 $ 83,383 $ 14,380 Total number of fixed maturity AFS securities in an unrealized loss position 8,129 As of December 31, 2021 Less Than or Equal Greater Than to Twelve Months Twelve Months Total Gross Gross Gross Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Value Losses Value Losses Value Losses (1) Fixed maturity AFS securities: Corporate bonds $ 10,796 $ 234 $ 1,567 $ 115 $ 12,363 $ 349 U.S. government bonds 6 - 26 2 32 2 State and municipal bonds 522 11 24 1 546 12 Foreign government bonds 61 3 56 2 117 5 RMBS 262 3 22 1 284 4 CMBS 446 12 37 2 483 14 ABS 4,646 49 165 5 4,811 54 Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities 47 1 76 10 123 11 Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 16,786 $ 313 $ 1,973 $ 138 $ 18,759 $ 451 Total number of fixed maturity AFS securities in an unrealized loss position 2,597 (1) As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, we recognized $ 8 million of gross unrealized losses in other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”) for fixed maturity AFS securities for which an allowance for credit losses has been recorded. The fair value, gross unrealized losses (in millions) and number of fixed maturity AFS securities where the fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by greater than 20% were as follows: As of September 30, 2022 Gross Number Fair Unrealized of Value Losses Securities (1) Less than six months $ 19,010 $ 7,186 2,166 Six months or greater, but less than nine months 477 326 79 Nine months or greater, but less than twelve months 1 - 2 Twelve months or greater 1 - 13 Total $ 19,489 $ 7,512 2,260 As of December 31, 2021 Gross Number Fair Unrealized of Value Losses Securities (1) Less than six months $ 12 $ 3 6 Twelve months or greater 58 8 24 Total $ 70 $ 11 30 (1) We may reflect a security in more than one aging category based on various purchase dates. Our gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity AFS securities increased by $ 13.9 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. As discussed further below, we believe the unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2022, did not require an impairment recognized in earnings as (i) we did not intend to sell these fixed maturity AFS securities; (ii) it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the fixed maturity AFS securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis; and (iii) the difference in the fair value compared to the amortized cost was due to factors other than credit loss. Based upon this evaluation as of September 30, 2022, management believes we have the ability to generate adequate amounts of cash from our normal operations (e.g., insurance premiums, fee income and investment income) to meet cash requirements with a prudent margin of safety without requiring the sale of our impaired securities. As of September 30, 2022, the unrealized losses associated with our corporate bond, U.S. government bond, state and municipal bond and foreign government bond securities were attributable primarily to rising interest rates and widening credit spreads since purchase. We performed a detailed analysis of the financial performance of the underlying issuers and determined that we expected to recover the entire amortized cost of each impaired security. Credit ratings express opinions about the credit quality of a security. Securities rated investment grade (those rated BBB- or higher by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) or Baa3 or higher by Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”)) are generally considered by the rating agencies and market participants to be low credit risk. As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, 96 % of the fair value of our corporate bond portfolio was rated investment grade. As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the portion of our corporate bond portfolio rated below investment grade had an amortized cost of $ 3.7 billion and a fair value of $ 3.5 billion and $ 3.8 billion, respectively. Based upon the analysis discussed above, we believe that as of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, we would have recovered the amortized cost of each corporate bond. As of September 30, 2022, the unrealized losses associated with our mortgage-backed securities and ABS were attributable primarily to rising interest rates and widening credit spreads since purchase. We assessed for credit impairment using a cash flow model that incorporates key assumptions including default rates, severities and prepayment rates. We estimated losses for a security by forecasting the underlying loans in each transaction. The forecasted loan performance was used to project cash flows to the various tranches in the structure, as applicable. Our forecasted cash flows also considered, as applicable, independent industry analyst reports and forecasts and other independent market data. Based upon our assessment of the expected credit losses of the security given the performance of the underlying collateral compared to our subordination or other credit enhancement, we expected to recover the entire amortized cost of each impaired security. As of September 30, 2022, the unrealized losses associated with our hybrid and redeemable preferred securities were attributable primarily to wider credit spreads caused by illiquidity in the market and subordination within the capital structure, as well as credit risk of underlying issuers. For our hybrid and redeemable preferred securities, we evaluated the financial performance of the underlying issuers based upon credit performance and investment ratings and determined that we expected to recover the entire amortized cost of each impaired security. Credit Loss Impairment on Fixed Maturity AFS Securities We regularly review our fixed maturity AFS securities for declines in fair value that we determine to be impairment-related, including those attributable to credit risk factors that may require an allowance for credit losses. Changes in the allowance for credit losses on fixed maturity AFS securities (in millions), aggregated by investment category, were as follows: For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Corporate Bonds RMBS Other Total Balance as of beginning-of-period $ 7 $ 3 $ 2 $ 12 Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1) - - - - Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recognized - 2 1 3 Additions (reductions) for securities for which credit losses were previously recognized - - 3 3 Balance as of end-of-period (2) $ 7 $ 5 $ 6 $ 18 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Corporate Bonds RMBS Other Total Balance as of beginning-of-year $ 17 $ 1 $ 1 $ 19 Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1) - - - - Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recognized 2 2 1 5 Additions (reductions) for securities for which credit losses were previously recognized 1 2 4 7 Reductions for securities disposed ( 1 ) - - ( 1 ) Reductions for securities charged-off ( 12 ) - - ( 12 ) Balance as of end-of-period (2) $ 7 $ 5 $ 6 $ 18 For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Corporate Bonds RMBS Other Total Balance as of beginning-of-period $ 8 $ 1 $ - $ 9 Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1) - - - - Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recognized 8 - - 8 Balance as of end-of-period (2) $ 16 $ 1 $ - $ 17 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Corporate Bonds RMBS Other Total Balance as of beginning-of-year $ 12 $ 1 $ - $ 13 Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1) - - - - Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recognized 8 - - 8 Additions (reductions) for securities for which credit losses were previously recognized 2 - - 2 Reductions for securities charged-off ( 6 ) - - ( 6 ) Balance as of end-of-period (2) $ 16 $ 1 $ - $ 17 (1) Represents purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) fixed maturity AFS securities. (2) As of September 30, 2022 and 2021, accrued investment income on fixed maturity AFS securities totaled $ 1.1 billion and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Mortgage Loans on Real Estate The following provides the current and past due composition of our mortgage loans on real estate (in millions): As of September 30, 2022 As of December 31, 2021 Commercial Residential Total Commercial Residential Total Current $ 16,894 $ 1,214 $ 18,108 $ 17,167 $ 837 $ 18,004 30 to 59 days past due - 12 12 15 21 36 60 to 89 days past due - 5 5 - 5 5 90 or more days past due - 28 28 - 29 29 Allowance for credit losses ( 80 ) ( 11 ) ( 91 ) ( 79 ) ( 17 ) ( 96 ) Unamortized premium (discount) ( 9 ) 34 25 ( 11 ) 27 16 Mark-to-market gains (losses) (1) ( 21 ) - ( 21 ) ( 3 ) - ( 3 ) Total carrying value $ 16,784 $ 1,282 $ 18,066 $ 17,089 $ 902 $ 17,991 (1) Represents the mark-to-market on certain mortgage loans on real estate for which we have elected the fair value option. See Note 14 for additional information. Our commercial mortgage loan portfolio had the largest concentrations in California, which accounted for 27 % and 26 % of commercial mortgage loans on real estate as of September 30 , 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively, and Texas, which accounted for 9 % of commercial mortgage loans on real estate as of September 30 , 2022, and December 31, 2021. As of September 30, 2022, our residential mortgage loan portfolio had the largest concentrations in California and New Jersey, which accounted for 18 % and 11 % of residential mortgage loans on real estate, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, our residential mortgage loan portfolio had the largest concentrations in California and Florida, which accounted for 22 % and 14 % of residential mortgage loans on real estate, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, we had 64 and 65 residential mortgage loans, respectively, that were either delinquent or in foreclosure. As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, we had 42 and 34 residential mortgage loans in foreclosure, respectively, with an aggregate carrying value of $ 19 million and $ 15 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, there were three and four specifically identified impaired commercial mortgage loans, respectively, with an aggregate carrying value of $ 1 million. As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, there were 36 and 50 specifically identified impaired residential mortgage loans, respectively, with an aggregate carrying value of $ 14 million and $ 22 million, respectively. Additional information related to impaired mortgage loans on real estate (in millions) was as follows: For the Three For the Nine Months Ended Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Average aggregate carrying value for impaired mortgage loans on real estate $ 13 $ 31 $ 16 $ 33 Interest income recognized on impaired mortgage loans on real estate - - - - Interest income collected on impaired mortgage loans on real estate - - - - The amortized cost of mortgage loans on real estate on nonaccrual status (in millions) was as follows: As of September 30, 2022 As of December 31, 2021 Nonaccrual Nonaccrual with no with no Allowance Allowance for Credit for Credit Losses Nonaccrual Losses Nonaccrual Commercial mortgage loans on real estate $ - $ - $ - $ - Residential mortgage loans on real estate - 29 - 30 Total $ - $ 29 $ - $ 30 We use loan-to-value and debt-service coverage ratios as credit quality indicators for our commercial mortgage loans on real estate. The amortized cost of commercial mortgage loans on real estate (dollars in millions) by year of origination and credit quality indicator was as follows: As of September 30, 2022 Debt- Debt- Debt- Service Service Service Less Coverage 65% Coverage Greater Coverage than 65% Ratio to 75% Ratio than 75% Ratio Total Origination Year 2022 $ 1,338 2.16 $ 76 1.51 $ 1 1.57 $ 1,415 2021 2,360 3.05 73 1.52 - - 2,433 2020 1,296 2.99 18 1.54 - - 1,314 2019 2,709 2.13 103 1.54 - - 2,812 2018 2,171 2.13 145 1.54 14 0.54 2,330 2017 and prior 6,407 2.37 173 1.55 1 1.06 6,581 Total $ 16,281 $ 588 $ 16 $ 16,885 As of December 31, 2021 Debt- Debt- Debt- Service Service Service Less Coverage 65% Coverage Greater Coverage than 65% Ratio to 75% Ratio than 75% Ratio Total Origination Year 2021 $ 2,384 3.04 $ 136 1.74 $ - - $ 2,520 2020 1,358 3.03 144 2.06 - - 1,502 2019 2,917 2.15 188 1.42 - - 3,105 2018 2,274 2.13 172 1.59 15 1.02 2,461 2017 1,655 2.33 149 1.74 27 0.83 1,831 2016 and prior 5,554 2.41 171 1.76 27 1.08 5,752 Total $ 16,142 $ 960 $ 69 $ 17,171 We use loan performance status as the primary credit quality indicator for our residential mortgage loans on real estate. The amortized cost of residential mortgage loans on real estate (in millions) by year of origination and credit quality indicator was as follows: As of September 30, 2022 Performing Nonperforming Total Origination Year 2022 $ 423 $ - $ 423 2021 542 5 547 2020 95 2 97 2019 134 18 152 2018 70 4 74 2017 and prior - - - Total $ 1,264 $ 29 $ 1,293 As of December 31, 2021 Performing Nonperforming Total Origination Year 2021 $ 467 $ 2 $ 469 2020 129 2 131 2019 189 21 210 2018 104 5 109 2017 - - - 2016 and prior - - - Total $ 889 $ 30 $ 919 Credit Losses on Mortgage Loans on Real Estate In connection with our recognition of an allowance for credit losses for mortgage loans on real estate, we perform a quantitative analysis using a probability of default/loss given default/exposure at default approach to estimate expected credit losses in our mortgage loan portfolio as well as unfunded commitments related to commercial mortgage loans, exclusive of certain mortgage loans held at fair value. Changes in the allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans on real estate (in millions) were as follows: For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Commercial Residential Total Balance as of beginning-of-period $ 72 $ 9 $ 81 Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss expense (1) 8 2 10 Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on real estate - - - Balance as of end-of-period (2) $ 80 $ 11 $ 91 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Commercial Residential Total Balance as of beginning-of-year $ 79 $ 17 $ 96 Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss expense (1) 1 ( 6 ) ( 5 ) Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on real estate - - - Balance as of end-of-period (2) $ 80 $ 11 $ 91 For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Commercial Residential Total Balance as of beginning-of-period $ 156 $ 14 $ 170 Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss expense (1) ( 41 ) 2 ( 39 ) Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on real estate - - - Balance as of end-of-period (2) $ 115 $ 16 $ 131 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Commercial Residential Total Balance as of beginning-of-year $ 187 $ 17 $ 204 Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss expense (1) ( 72 ) ( 1 ) ( 73 ) Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on real estate - - - Balance as of end-of-period (2) $ 115 $ 16 $ 131 (1) We recognized $ 1 million of credit loss benefit (expense) related to unfunded commitments for mortgage loans on real estate for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 . We recognized $( 1 ) million and $ 4 million of credit loss benefit (expense) related to unfunded commitments for mortgage loans on real estate for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively . (2) Accrued investment income on mortgage loans on real estate totaled $ 50 million as of September 30 , 2022 and 2021, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Alternative Investments As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021 , alternative investments included investments in 332 and 311 different partnerships, respectively, and represented approximately 2 % of total investments . Impairments on Fixed Maturity AFS Securities Details underlying credit loss benefit (expense) incurred as a result of impairments that were recognized in net income (loss) and included in realized gain (loss) on fixed maturity AFS securities (in millions) were as follows: For the Three For the Nine Months Ended Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Credit Loss Benefit (Expense) Fixed maturity AFS securities: Corporate bonds $ - $ ( 8 ) $ ( 2 ) $ ( 9 ) RMBS ( 2 ) - ( 4 ) - ABS ( 3 ) - ( 5 ) - Gross credit loss benefit (expense) ( 5 ) ( 8 ) ( 11 ) ( 9 ) Associated amortization of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL (1) - - - - Net credit loss benefit (expense) $ ( 5 ) $ ( 8 ) $ ( 11 ) $ ( 9 ) (1) DAC, value of business acquired (“VOBA”), deferred sales inducements (“DSI”) and deferred front-end loads (“DFEL”) . Payables for Collateral on Investments The carrying value of the payables for collateral on investments included on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and the fair value of the related investments or collateral (in millions) consisted of the following: As of September 30, 2022 As of December 31, 2021 Carrying Fair Carrying Fair Value Value Value Value Collateral payable for derivative investments (1) $ 3,435 $ 3,435 $ 5,575 $ 5,575 Securities pledged under securities lending agreements (2) 300 289 241 235 Investments pledged for Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis (3) 3,130 3,911 3,130 4,876 Total payables for collateral on investments $ 6,865 $ 7,635 $ 8,946 $ 10,686 (1) We obtain collateral based upon contractual provisions with our counterparties. These agreements take into consideration the counterparties’ credit rating as compared to ours, the fair value of the derivative investments and specified thresholds that if exceeded result in the receipt of cash that is typically invested in cash and invested cash. This also includes interest payable on collateral. See Note 5 for additional information. (2) Our pledged securities under securities lending agreements are included in fixed maturity AFS securities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We generally obtain collateral in an amount equal to 102 % and 105 % of the fair value of the domestic and foreign securities, respectively. We value collateral daily and obtain additional collateral when deemed appropriate. The cash received in our securities lending program is typically invested in cash and invested cash or fixed maturity AFS securities. (3) Our pledged investments for Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of Indianapolis (“FHLBI”) are included in fixed maturity AFS securities and mortgage loans on real estate on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The collateral requirements are generally 105 % to 115 % of the fair value for fixed maturity AFS securities and 155 % to 175 % of the fair value for mortgage loans on real estate. The cash received in these transactions is primarily invested in cash and invested cash or fixed maturity AFS securities. We have repurchase agreements through which we can obtain liquidity by pledging securities. The collateral requirements are generally 80 % to 95 % of the fair value of the securities, and our agreements with third parties contain contractual provisions to allow for additional collateral to be obtained when necessary. The cash received in our repurchase program is typically invested in fixed maturity AFS securities. As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, we were not participating in any open repurchase agreements. Increase (decrease) in payables for collateral on investments (in millions) consisted of the following: For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 Collateral payable for derivative investments $ ( 2,140 ) $ 1,973 Securities pledged under securities lending agreements 59 184 Total increase (decrease) in payables for collateral on investments $ ( 2,081 ) $ 2,157 We have elected not to offset our securities lending transactions in the consolidated financial statements. The remaining contractual maturities of securities lending transactions accounted for as secured borrowings (in millions) were as follows: As of September 30, 2022 Overnight and Continuous Up to 30 Days 30 - 90 Days Greater Than 90 Days Total Securities Lending Corporate bonds $ 298 $ - $ - $ - $ 298 Foreign government bonds 2 - - - 2 Total gross secured borrowings $ 300 $ - $ - $ - $ 300 As of December 31, 2021 Overnight and Continuous Up to 30 Days 30 - 90 Days Greater Than 90 Days Total Securities Lending Corporate bonds $ 239 $ - $ - $ - $ 239 Foreign government bonds 1 - - - 1 Equity securities 1 - - - 1 Total gross secured borrowings $ 241 $ - $ - $ - $ 241 We accept collateral in the form of securities in connection with repurchase agreements. In instances where we are permitted to sell or re-pledge the securities received, we report the fair value of the collateral received and a related obligation to return the collateral in the consolidated financial statements. In addition, we receive securities in connection with securities borrowing agreements that we are permitted to sell or re-pledge. As of September 30 , 2022, the fair value of all collateral received that we are permitted to sell or re-pledge was $ 25 million, and we had re-pledged all of this collateral to cover initial margin and over-the-counter collateral requirements on certain derivative investments. Investment Commitments As of September 30 , 2022, our investment commitments were $ 2.7 billion, which included $ 1.7 billion of LPs, $ 709 million of private placement securities and $ 339 million of mortgage loans on real estate. Concentrations of Financial Instruments As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, our most significant investments in one issuer were our investments in securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association with a fair value of $ 752 million and $ 926 million, respectively, or 1 % of total investments, and our investments in securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation with a fair value of $ 735 million and $ 953 million, respectively, or 1 % of total investments. These concentrations include fixed maturity AFS, trading and equity securities. As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, our most significant investments in one industry were our investments in securities in the financial services industry with a fair value of $ 16.3 billion and $ 19.2 billion, respectively, or 13 % and 12 %, respectively, of total investments, and our investments in securities in the consumer non-cyclical industry with a fair value of $ 14.9 billion and $ 19.6 billion, respectively, or 11 % and 13 %, respectively, of total investments. These concentrations include fixed maturity AFS, trading and equity securities. |