MicroVision (MVIS) 10-K2019 FY Annual report

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark one)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

OR

[   ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission file number    001-34170

MicroVision, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

6244 185th Avenue NE, Suite 100
Redmond, Washington    98052
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)

(425) 936-6847
(Registrant's Telephone Number, including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yeso Nox

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yeso Nox

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yesx Noo

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files. Yesx Noo

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yeso   Nox

The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 28, 2019 was approximately $88.8 million (based upon the closing price of $0.8052 per share for the registrant's common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market on that date).

The number of shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding as of March 6, 2019 was 128,077,628.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A in connection with the registrant's 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the "2020 Proxy Statement") are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated herein.

MICROVISION, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PART I.

Preliminary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and is subject to the safe harbor created by those sections. Such statements may include, but are not limited to, projections of revenues, income or loss, capital expenditures, plans for product development and cooperative arrangements, technology development by third parties, future operations, financing needs or plans of MicroVision, Inc. ("we," "our," or "us"), as well as assumptions relating to the foregoing. The words "anticipate," "could," "would," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "goal," "may," "plan," "project," "will," and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in our forward-looking statements include risk factors identified below in Item 1A.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

MicroVision, Inc. is a pioneer in laser beam scanning (LBS) technology that we market under our brand name PicoP®. We have developed our proprietary scanning technology that can be used in products for interactive projection, consumer light detection and ranging (LiDAR), automotive LiDAR, and augmented and mixed reality. Our PicoP® scanning technology is based on our patented expertise in systems that include micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS), laser diodes, opto-mechanics, and electronics and how those elements are packaged into a small form factor, low power scanning module that can display, interact and sense, depending on the needs of the application. These systems utilize edge computing and machine intelligence as part of the solutions.

For the past few years, our strategy has included selling LBS modules designed for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and original design manufacturers (ODMs). We planned to offer scanning modules to support a wide array of applications: an interactive scanning module for smart home speakers and other Internet of Things (IoT) products, a LiDAR module for consumer electronic applications, and solutions for augmented and mixed reality devices. We have also been developing our 200+ m range Perceptive automotive lidar module for OEM and Tier 1 acceptance for automotive active collision avoidance systems and autonomous driving vehicles. However, we have been unable to secure a customer to launch one of our module products in 2020. As a result, we plan to focus our attention in the near term on licensing our module products and related technology to other companies. We are also exploring licensing of technology and designs and other strategic alternatives for moving forward without orders from the OEM for 2020 delivery.

We currently sell components to a high definition display system that we developed for a customer under a development agreement. These components are in production, but the volume and associated revenue and gross profit are not sufficient to support our expenses. As a result, we are exploring transferring production to the customer and accepting a royalty for each unit shipped.

To date, we have primarily focused on the consumer electronics market. However, we believe that our LBS technology could support applications and markets including automotive and medical devices.

We have incurred substantial losses since inception and we expect to incur a significant loss during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020.

MicroVision, Inc. was founded in 1993 as a Washington corporation and reincorporated in 2003 under the laws of the State of Delaware. Our headquarters is located at 6244 185th Avenue NE, Suite 100, Redmond, Washington 98052, and our telephone number is (425) 936-6847.

Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports are available free-of-charge from the investor page of our website, accessible at www.microvision.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Copies of these filings may also be obtained by visiting the SEC's website, www.sec.gov, which contains current, quarterly and annual reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically.

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Technology

Our patented PicoP® scanning technology combines a MEMS scanning mirror, laser diode light sources, electronics, and optics that are controlled using our proprietary system control algorithms along with edge computing and machine learning in some systems. The MEMS scanning mirror is a key component of our technology system and is one of our core competencies. Our MEMS scanning mirror is a silicon device that oscillates to generate an image pixel-by-pixel for use in sensing and display. Scanning modules with our technology can be designed to operate in one of three different modes: sensing only, display and sensing combined, and display only. For applications that include a projected display, our PicoP® scanning technology creates a brilliant, full color, high-contrast, uniform image over the entire field-of-view from a small and thin module with low power consumption. Our 3D perceptive LiDAR scanning module is small with high resolution, low power and low latency which are features that are important for such applications. We believe that our proprietary technology offers significant advantages over traditional display and 3D Perceptive LiDAR sensing systems. Depending on the specific product application, these advantages may include:

• Ability to perform projection and three-dimensional sensing and image capture from a single device;
• Leveraging our custom MEMS and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) components across multiple module types for economies of scale;
• Focus-free operation;
• High resolution (up to 1440p);
• Low power requirements to enable battery operated devices and applications;
• Small and thin module size;
• High-brightness, high-dynamic range, and brightness uniformity;
• Rich, saturated color reproduction;
• Short throw projection with multi-mode operation for table top and wall mode;
• 3D Perceptive LiDAR sensing as a touch interface or point cloud;
• Dynamic, programmable resolution and frame rate 3D scanning; and
• Efficiency of edge computing and machine learning integrated within our solution.

Business Strategy

For the past few years, our business strategy has been to commercialize our PicoP® scanning technology by enabling OEMs and ODMs to produce end-user products via several go-to-market paths:

• License our LBS technology, module designs, component designs, and software to OEMs and ODMs to allow them to produce modules to either sell or incorporate in their own products.
• Design and sell LBS modules directly to OEMs and ODMs to incorporate inside their products;
• License our LBS technology and sell key components to OEMs and ODMs to create their own scanning modules; and
• License LBS technology to OEMs and ODMs who developed their own key components or subsystems.

By providing these options, our technology permits OEMs and ODMs to integrate and embed our technology across a broad range of interactive and non-interactive display and 3D Perceptive LiDAR sensing product applications in the way that best matches their technical capabilities and timelines for bringing their products to market.

As discussed above, we plan to focus our attention in the near term on licensing our module products and related technology to other companies.

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Markets for Our Technology

We believe our PicoP® scanning technology can address the following market segments:

• Interactive and non-interactive projected displays;
• 3D Perceptive LiDAR sensing for consumer electronics;
• Augmented/Mixed Reality (AR/MR);and
• 3D Perceptive LiDAR sensing for automotive active collision avoidance

In interactive projection, our goal is to enable a capacitive touch-like experience on a variety of surfaces by AI devices such as smart speakers. Our module would augment the capabilities of these voice controlled devices making transactions more intuitive and easier to perform. By working on a variety of surfaces our modules provide the functionality of interactive displays while reducing the size requirements of display screens in the home.

We have developed 3D Perceptive LiDAR sensing capabilities in our LBS module. This allows the LBS module to sense what is in front of it and where that object is in space. If we project an image on a surface and use our 3D Perceptive LiDAR sensing capability concurrently, we are able to create an LBS module where a user can touch the projected image or interact with the image using gestures and it will react much like a touchscreen. We call this interactive display. We believe that interactive display can enable a whole new category of smart IoT products.

Additionally, we have developed 3D Perceptive LiDAR sensors. The consumer 3D Perceptive LiDAR sensor is a small sensor able to process what is in front of the sensor with high accuracy and high fidelity for smart home and smart home security products and in commercial space management. We are also working on LiDAR modules for automotive active collision avoidance systems.

Another possible application area for our PicoP® scanning technology is eyewear displays, also known as AR/MR. We have a long history with this application, and we believe our technology is a good fit for this market.

Products and Services

In 2019, our revenue was derived from the sale of components, from development contracts, and from royalty fees for PicoP® scanning technology.

In May 2018, we signed a five-year license agreement with a customer granting them an exclusive license to our LBS technology for display-only applications. The license represents functional intellectual property which derives a substantial portion of its utility from its significant standalone functionality. The intellectual property is not expected to substantially change during the license period, nor are we contractually or practically required to use updated intellectual property during the license life. During the year ended December 31, 2018 we completed the performance obligations required by the contract. As a result, we recognized all of the $10.0 million of license fees paid to us in 2018 as license revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018.

In April 2017, we signed a contract with a major technology company to develop an LBS display system. Under the agreement, we received an upfront payment of $10.0 million in 2017 and, as of December 31, 2019, have also received $15.0 million, net of early payment discounts, representing all payment due for development work. The original contract was for $14.0 million in fees for development work, but we and our customer agreed to add $1.1 million in additional work to total $15.1 million. After applying early payment discounts, we recognized revenue of $15.0 million in development fees over time based on the proportion of total cost expended (under Topic 606, the "input method") to the total cost expected to complete the contract performance obligation. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized $2.9 million of contract revenue from development fees on this agreement compared to $7.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2018.

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The $10.0 million upfront payment will be recognized as revenue at the point in time future components are sold and transferred to the customer. Based on current pricing and cost estimates, the amount of the per unit upfront payment would be greater than our estimated per unit gross profit. At December 31, 2019 we had $9.8 million of the $10.0 million upfront payment classified as a contract liability on the balance sheet. We have received purchase orders from our customer under the product supply agreement signed in April 2017. We expect to apply an additional $2.3 million over the first three quarters of 2020. To the extent that the component purchases do not fully expend the $10.0 million upfront payment, there is no repayment provision to the customer. As mentioned above, the volume and associated revenue and gross profit from this business is not sufficient to support the company's expenses. As a result, we are exploring transferring production to the customer and accepting a royalty for each unit shipped. We expect any such royalties due would likely be applied against the $9.8 million prepayment until it is exhausted.

We have been working to introduce an interactive display module that integrates display and 3D Perceptive LiDAR sensing to allow the user to interact with projected images and a consumer grade LiDAR module for consumer electronics (smart home and smart home security) applications. We have been unable to obtain a customer that will launch products incorporating our modules in 2020. As a result, we are currently focused on licensing these technologies to other companies that might launch products that include them in the future.

The key components and technology we offer for inclusion in an LBS module are our MEMS, ASICs, and software. Our licensees can purchase none, some, or all of the key components and license the technology we offer depending on their capability and desire to manufacture them and the terms of the licensing agreement.

Research and Development

We believe our research and development efforts have earned us a leadership position in the field of LBS technology and applications as applied to consumer electronics, automotive and other markets. Our ability to attract customers and grow revenue will depend on our ability to maintain our LBS technology leadership, to continually improve performance, reduce costs, reduce the size of component parts and scanning modules, and to increase the number of applications and products enabled by our PicoP® scanning technology.

Our research and development team is located in Redmond, Washington and as of December 31, 2019, was comprised of 60 engineering and technical staff in optics, software engineering, electrical engineering, product engineering, and MEMS design. In February 2020, we reduced headcount by approximately 60% following an OEM's decision not to incorporate our technology into its products. As of March 6, 2020, our research and development team was comprised of 21 engineering and technical staff in optics, software engineering, electrical engineering, product engineering, and MEMS design.

Sales and Marketing

Our sales and marketing approach is account based, business-to-business targeting of OEMs and ODMs. Our business development efforts are headed by executive management and are supported by engineers that assist customers during the design cycles of products. The engineers are located in Redmond, Washington. We engage potential customers directly, participate in trade shows, and maintain a website.

Manufacturing

Our products include scanning modules as well as components that are integral to a scanning module. Our scanning module products are manufactured by a contract manufacturer based on our proprietary design and incorporate our PicoP® scanning technology and include MEMS and ASICs that are produced to order by semiconductor foundries.

Our manufacturing is not currently subject to seasonal variations as our shipments have been relatively small and are in the early stages of product introduction. In the future, depending on our customers' product mix, we may be affected by seasonal fluctuations which could affect working capital demands.

We provide forecasts that allow our contract manufacturers to stock component parts and other materials and plan capacity. Our contract manufacturers procure raw materials in volumes consistent with our forecasts, manufacture and/or assemble the products and perform tests according to our specifications. Products are shipped to our customers or shipped to our Redmond, Washington headquarters to be inventoried. We procure some specific components and either sell them or consign them to our contract manufacturers. We hold some inventories of these components. Our contract manufacturers procure additional raw materials we do not own until the finished goods are completed by our contract manufacturer. Title to the products transfers from our contract manufacturers to us and then to our customers

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when we complete our performance obligations. If raw materials are unused, or the products are not sold within specified periods of time, we may incur carrying charges or obsolete material charges for component parts that our contract manufacturers purchased to build products to meet our forecasts or customer orders.

Many of the raw materials used in our components are standard to the consumer electronics industry. Our MEMS, MEMS die, and ASICs are currently manufactured to our specifications by separate single-source suppliers.

Human Factors, Ergonomics and Safety

We work with third party independent experts in the field of laser safety to assist in meeting safety specifications. In addition, we monitor developments in the area of permissible laser exposure limits as established by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and others. Independent experts have concluded that laser exposure to the eye resulting from use of LBS devices under normal operating conditions would be below the calculated maximum permissible exposure level set by the IEC.

Competitive Conditions

The consumer display and 3D sensing industries are highly competitive. Potential products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology, including any LBS modules we develop, will compete with manufacturers of established technologies, such as flat panel display devices, as well as companies developing new display and 3D Perceptive LiDAR sensing technologies. Our competitors include companies such as Texas Instruments, Intel, Syndiant, Innoviz Technologies, Velodyne, Bosch, Quanergy, Innoluce, Opus, Mirrorcle, Maradin, Himax, Pioneer, Sony (LCOS) and others, some of which have much greater financial, technical and other resources than us. Many of our competitors may be currently developing alternative miniature display and 3D Perceptive LiDAR sensing technologies. Our competitors may succeed in developing innovative technologies and products that could render our technology or our proposed products commercially infeasible or technologically obsolete.

The consumer display and 3D sensing industries have been characterized by rapid and significant technological advances. Our PicoP® scanning technology system and potential products may not be competitive with such advances, and we may not have sufficient funds to invest in new technologies, products or processes. Although we believe our technology system and proposed products could deliver images of a substantially higher performance from a smaller form factor device than those of commercially available LCOS and DLP based display products, LCD, OLED, and LCOS interactive panels or solid state LiDAR and CMOS sensing solutions, manufacturers of competing technologies may develop improvements to their technology that could reduce or eliminate the anticipated advantages of our proposed products.

3D sensing is a new market and we believe we are developing products that will have cost and performance benefits over what competitors may offer. However, manufacturers of competing technologies may develop improvements to the size, performance, and cost of their modules, that could reduce or eliminate the anticipated advantages of our proposed products.

Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights

We create intellectual property from three sources: internal research and development activities, technology acquisitions, and performance on development contracts. The inventions covered by our patent applications generally relate to systems controls in our PicoP® scanning technology, component miniaturization, power reduction, feature enhancements, specific implementation of various system components, and design elements to facilitate mass production. Protecting these key-enabling technologies and components is a fundamental aspect of our strategy to penetrate diverse markets with unique products. As such, we intend to continue to develop our portfolio of proprietary and patented LBS technologies at the system, component, and process levels.

We believe our extensive patent portfolio is the largest, broadest, and earliest filed LBS technology portfolio. We have been granted over 450 issued patents, pending patents and licensed patents worldwide. As our technology develops, we periodically review our patent portfolio and eliminate patents that are deemed of low value.  Due to this ongoing portfolio management practice, the number of patents in our portfolio will vary at any given time.

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Since our inception in 1993, we have acquired, either under license agreements or portfolio purchases, patents that grant us exclusive rights to various LBS technologies. From time to time some of these patents may expire, or we may decide to terminate a license agreement for a variety of reasons to better utilize resources expended to maintain intellectual property.

Our ability to compete effectively in the consumer display and 3D sensing markets may depend, in part, on our ability and the ability of our licensors to maintain the proprietary nature of these technologies.

We also rely on unpatented proprietary technology. To protect our rights in these areas, we require all employees, and where appropriate, contractors, consultants, advisors and collaborators, to enter into confidentiality and non-compete agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use, misappropriation or disclosure of such trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information.

We have registered the name "PicoP®" and "MicroVision®" with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

Employees

As of March 6, 2020, we had 30 full-time employees. None of our employees are represented by a labor union.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the risks described below together with the other information set forth in this report, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and future results. The risks described below are not the only risks facing our company. Risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Risk Factors Related to Our Business and Industry

We have a history of operating losses and expect to incur significant losses in the future.

We have had substantial losses since our inception. We cannot assure you that we will ever become or remain profitable.

• As of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $572.6 million.
• We had an accumulated deficit of $518.9 million from inception through December 31, 2017, a net loss of $27.3 million in 2018, and a net loss of $26.5 million in 2019.

The likelihood of our success must be considered in light of the expenses, difficulties and delays frequently encountered by companies formed to develop and commercialize new technologies. In particular, our operations to date have focused primarily on research and development of our PicoP® scanning technology system and development of demonstration units. We are unable to accurately estimate future revenues and operating expenses based upon historical performance.

We cannot be certain that we will succeed in obtaining additional development revenue or commercializing our technology or products. In light of these factors, we expect to continue to incur significant losses and negative cash flow at least through 2020 and likely thereafter. There is significant risk that we will not achieve positive cash flow at any time in the future.

We have been unable to secure a customer to launch one of our module products in 2020, as planned. As a result, we plan to focus our attention in the near term on licensing our module products and related technology to other companies. We are also exploring licensing of technology and designs and other strategic alternatives for moving forward without orders from the OEM for 2020 delivery. There is substantial risk that these efforts will be unsuccessful.

We will require additional capital to fund our operations and to implement our business plan. If we do not obtain additional capital, we may be required to curtail our operations substantially. Raising additional capital may dilute the value of current shareholders' shares.

Based on our current operating plan that includes anticipated future proceeds from the sale of shares under our existing Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (Lincoln Park), we anticipate that we have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to fund our operations into the second quarter of 2020. We will require additional capital to fund our operating plan past that time. We plan to seek to obtain additional capital through the issuance of equity or debt securities, product sales and/or licensing activities. There can be no assurance that any such efforts to obtain additional capital will be successful.

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We are introducing new technology and products into an emerging market which creates significant uncertainty about our ability to accurately project revenue, costs and cash flows. Our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, the commercial success of our LBS modules, the rate at which OEMs and ODMs introduce products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology and the market acceptance and competitive position of such products. If revenues are less than we anticipate, if the mix of revenues and the associated margins varies from anticipated amounts or if expenses exceed the amounts budgeted, we may require additional capital earlier than expected to fund our operations. In addition, our operating plan provides for the development of strategic relationships with suppliers of components, products and systems, and equipment manufacturers that may require additional investments by us.

Additional capital may not be available to us or, if available, may not be available on terms acceptable to us or on a timely basis. Raising additional capital may involve issuing securities with rights and preferences that are senior to our common stock and may dilute the value of our current shareholders' shares. If adequate capital resources are not available on a timely basis, we may consider limiting our operations substantially and we may be unable to continue as a going concern. This limitation of operations could include reducing investments in our production capacities or research and development projects, staff, operating costs, and capital expenditures which could jeopardize our ability to achieve our business goals or satisfy our customer requirements. In February 2020, we reduced headcount by approximately 60% following an OEM's decision not to incorporate our technology into its products. As a result, further cost reduction efforts may be particularly difficult to implement.

Qualifying a new or alternative contract manufacturer or foundry for our products could cause us to experience delays that result in lost revenues and damaged customer relationships.

We rely on single or limited-source suppliers to manufacture our products. Establishing a relationship with a new or alternative contract manufacturer(s) or foundry is a time-consuming process, as our unique technology may require significant manufacturing process adaptation to achieve full manufacturing capacity. Accordingly, we may be unable to establish a relationship with new or alternative contract manufacturers in the short-term, or at all, at prices or on other terms that are acceptable to us.

Changes in our supply chain may result in increased cost and delay and may subject us to risks and uncertainties regarding, but not limited to, product warranty, product liability and quality control standards. The loss of any single or limited-source supplier, the failure of any of these suppliers to perform as expected or the disruption in the supply chain of components from these suppliers could cause significant delays in product deliveries, which may result in lost revenues and damaged customer relationships. To the extent that we are not able to establish a relationship with a new or alternative contract manufacturer(s) or foundry in a timely manner, we may be unable to meet contract or production milestones, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to secure significant third party manufacturing resources.

Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to provide our components and future products in commercial quantities at competitive prices and on schedule. Accordingly, we will be required to obtain access, through business partners or contract manufacturers, to manufacturing capacity and processes for the commercial production of our expected future products.

Our foreign contract manufacturers could experience severe financial difficulties or other disruptions in their business, and such continued supply could be significantly reduced or terminated. In addition, we cannot be certain that we will successfully obtain access to needed manufacturing resources concurrent with a significant increase in our planned production levels. Future manufacturing limitations of our suppliers could constrain the number of products that we are able to develop and produce.

We are dependent on third parties in order to develop, manufacture, sell and market products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology, scanning modules, and the scanning module components.

Our business strategy for commercializing our technology in products incorporating PicoP® scanning technology includes entering into development, manufacturing, licensing, sales and marketing arrangements with OEMs, ODMs and other third parties. These arrangements reduce our level of control over production and distribution and may subject us to risks and uncertainties regarding, but not limited to, product warranty, product liability and quality control standards.

We cannot be certain that we will be able to negotiate arrangements on acceptable terms, if at all, or that these arrangements will be successful in yielding commercially viable products. If we cannot establish these arrangements, we would require additional capital to undertake such activities on our own and would require extensive manufacturing, sales and marketing expertise that we do not currently possess and that may be difficult to obtain.

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In addition, we could encounter significant delays in introducing our PicoP® scanning technology or find that the development, manufacture or sale of products incorporating our technology would not be feasible. To the extent that we enter into development, manufacturing, licensing, sales and marketing or other arrangements, our revenues will depend upon the performance of third parties. We cannot be certain that any such arrangements will be successful.

We cannot be certain that our technology system or products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology will achieve market acceptance. If our technology system or products incorporating our technology do not achieve market acceptance, our revenues may not grow.

Our success will depend in part on customer acceptance of our PicoP® scanning technology. Our technology may not be accepted by manufacturers who use display and 3D sensing technologies in their products, by systems integrators, OEMs, and ODMs who incorporate the scanning module components into their products or by end users of these products. To be accepted, our PicoP® scanning technology must meet the expectations of our current and potential customers in the consumer electronics, automotive, and other markets. If our technology system or products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology do not achieve market acceptance, we may not be able to continue to develop our technology.

Future products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology and scanning modules are dependent on advances in technology by other companies.

Our PicoP® scanning technology will continue to rely on technologies, such as laser diode light sources and other components that are developed and produced by other companies. The commercial success of certain future products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology will depend, in part, on advances in these and other technologies by other companies. We may, from time to time, contract with and support companies developing key technologies in order to accelerate the development of them for our or our customers' specific uses. There are no guarantees that such activities will result in useful technologies or products that will be profitable.

We are dependent on a small number of customers for our revenue. Our quarterly performance may vary substantially and this variance, as well as general market conditions, may cause our stock price to fluctuate greatly and potentially expose us to litigation.

In 2019, one customer accounted for $7.7 million in revenue, representing 86% of our total revenue. A second customer accounted for $1.2 million in revenue, representing 13% of our total revenue. In 2018, one customer accounted for $10.0 million in revenue, representing 57% of our total revenue, and a second customer accounted for $7.4 million in revenue, representing 42% of our total revenue. Our customers take time to obtain, and the loss of a significant customer could negatively affect our revenue. Our quarterly operating results may vary significantly based upon:

• Market acceptance of products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology;
• Changes in evaluations and recommendations by any securities analysts following our stock or our industry generally;
• Announcements by other companies in our industry;
• Changes in business or regulatory conditions;
• Announcements or implementation by our competitors of technological innovations or new products;
• The status of particular development programs and the timing of performance under specific development agreements;
• Economic and stock market conditions; or
• Other factors unrelated to our company or industry.

In one or more future quarters, our results of operations may fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors and the trading price of our common stock may decline as a consequence. In addition, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company's securities, shareholders often have instituted securities class action litigation against that company.

If we become involved in a class action suit, it could divert the attention of management and, if adversely determined, could require us to pay substantial damages.

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We or our customers may fail to perform under open orders or agreements, which could adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.

Our backlog under open orders and agreements totaled $6.7 million as of December 31, 2019. We or our customers may be unable to meet the performance requirements and obligations under open orders or agreements, including performance specifications, milestones or delivery dates, required by such purchase orders or agreements. Furthermore, our customers may be unable or unwilling to perform their obligations thereunder on a timely basis, or at all if, among other reasons, our products and technologies do not achieve market acceptance, our customers' products and technologies do not achieve market acceptance or our customers otherwise fail to achieve their operating goals. To the extent we are unable to perform under such purchase orders or agreements or to the extent customers are unable or unwilling to perform, our operating results and cash flows could be adversely affected.

We may not be able to maintain our listing on The Nasdaq Global Market and it may become more difficult to sell our stock in the public market.

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Market. To maintain our listing on this market, we must meet Nasdaq's listing maintenance standards. If we are unable to continue to meet Nasdaq's listing maintenance standards for any reason, our common stock could be delisted from The Nasdaq Global Market.

We received formal notice from the Listing Qualifications Staff of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC on December 12, 2019.  We requested a hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the "Panel"), which would stay any further action by the Staff pending the Panel's decision.  At the hearing we presented our plan to regain compliance with all applicable criteria for continued listing.  On February 4, 2020, we received formal notification from the Panel that it had granted us an extension through June 9, 2020 to evidence compliance with the minimum $1.00 bid price requirement. In order to evidence compliance with the bid price requirement, we must evidence a closing bid price of at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days. We plan to take steps to timely evidence compliance, which may include effecting a reverse stock split if necessary; however, there can be no assurance that we will be able to evidence compliance before the deadline.

If our common stock were delisted, we may seek to list our common stock on a regional stock exchange, or, if one or more broker-dealer market makers comply with applicable requirements, the over-the-counter (OTC) market. Listing on such other market or exchange could reduce the liquidity of our common stock. If our common stock were to trade in the OTC market, an investor would find it more difficult to dispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations for the price of, the common stock.

A delisting from The Nasdaq Global Market could also subject our common stock to so-called penny stock rules that impose additional sales practice and market-making requirements on broker-dealers who sell or make a market in such securities. Consequently, removal from The Nasdaq Global Market and failure to obtain listing on another market or exchange could affect the ability or willingness of broker-dealers to sell or make a market in our common stock and the ability of purchasers of our common stock to sell their securities in the secondary market.

On March 6, 2020, the closing price of our common stock was $0.275 per share.

Our lack of financial and technical resources relative to our competitors may limit our revenues, potential profits, overall market share or value.

Our products and potential products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology will compete with established manufacturers of existing products and companies developing new technologies. Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and other resources than we have. Because of their greater resources, our competitors may develop products or technologies that may be superior to our own. The introduction of superior competing products or technologies could result in reduced revenues, lower margins or loss of market share, any of which could reduce the value of our business.

We may not be able to keep up with rapid technological change and our financial results may suffer.

The consumer display and 3D sensing industries have been characterized by rapidly changing technology, accelerated product obsolescence and continuously evolving industry standards. Our success will depend upon our ability to further develop our PicoP® scanning technology system and to cost effectively introduce new products and features in a timely manner to meet evolving customer requirements and compete with competitors' product advances. We may not succeed in these efforts due to:

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• Delays in product development;
• Lack of market acceptance for our technology or products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology; or
• Lack of funds to invest in product research, development and marketing.

The occurrence of any of the above factors could result in decreased revenues, market share and value of our business.

We could face lawsuits related to our use of PicoP® scanning technology or other technologies. Defending these suits would be costly and time-consuming. An adverse outcome, in any such matter, could limit our ability to commercialize our technology or products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology, reduce our revenues and increase our operating expenses.

We are aware of several patents held by third parties that relate to certain aspects of light scanning displays and 3D sensing products. These patents could be used as a basis to challenge the validity, limit the scope or limit our ability to obtain additional or broader patent rights of our patents or patents we have licensed. A successful challenge to the validity of our patents or patents we have licensed could limit our ability to commercialize our technology or products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology and, consequently, materially reduce our revenues. Moreover, we cannot be certain that patent holders or other third parties will not claim infringement by us with respect to current and future technology. Because U.S. patent applications are held and examined in secrecy, it is also possible that presently pending U.S. applications will eventually be issued with claims that will be infringed by our products or our technology.

The defense and prosecution of a patent suit would be costly and time-consuming, even if the outcome were ultimately favorable to us. An adverse outcome in the defense of a patent suit could subject us to significant costs, require others and us to cease selling products incorporating our technology, require us to cease licensing our technology or require disputed rights to be licensed from third parties. Such licenses, if available, would increase our operating expenses. Moreover, if claims of infringement are asserted against our future co-development partners or customers, those partners or customers may seek indemnification from us for any damages or expenses they incur.

If we fail to manage expansion effectively, our revenue and expenses could be adversely affected.

Our ability to successfully offer products incorporating PicoP® scanning technology and implement our business plan in a rapidly evolving market requires an effective planning and management process. The growth in business and relationships with customers and other third parties has placed, and will continue to place, a significant strain on our management systems and resources. We will need to continue to improve our financial and managerial controls, reporting systems and procedures, and will need to continue to train and manage our work force. Following our substantial reduction in headcount in February 2020, the risks associated with strained resources are heightened.

If we fail to adequately reduce and control our manufacturing, supply chain and operating costs, our business, financial condition, and operating results could be adversely affected.

We incur significant costs related to procuring components and increasing our production capabilities to manufacture our products. We may experience delays, cost overruns or other unexpected costs associated with an increase in production. If we are unsuccessful in our efforts to reduce and control our manufacturing, supply chain and operating costs and keep costs aligned with the levels of revenues we generate, our business and financial condition could suffer.

Our technology and products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology may be subject to future environmental, health and safety regulations that could increase our development and production costs.

Our technology and products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology could become subject to future environmental, health and safety regulations or amendments that could negatively impact our ability to commercialize our technology and products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology. Compliance with any such new regulations would likely increase the cost to develop and produce products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology, and violations may result in fines, penalties or suspension of production. If we become subject to any environmental, health, or safety laws or regulations that require us to cease or significantly change our operations to comply, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

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Our operating results may be adversely impacted by worldwide political and economic uncertainties and specific conditions in the markets we address.

Our operating results may be adversely impacted by global economic and financial conditions, which may include slower economic activity, concerns about inflation, increased energy costs, decreased consumer confidence, reduced corporate profits and capital spending. Such adverse business conditions could materially adversely affect: (i) our ability to raise, or the cost of, needed capital, (ii) demand for our current and future products, and (iii) our ability to commercialize products. We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration of any economic slowdown or subsequent economic recovery, worldwide, regionally or in the display industry.

Because we plan to continue using foreign contract manufacturers, our operating results could be harmed by economic, political, regulatory and other factors in foreign countries.

We currently use foreign contract manufacturers and plan to continue to use foreign contract manufacturers to manufacture current and future products, where appropriate. These international operations are subject to inherent risks, which may adversely affect us, including, but not limited to:

• Political and economic instability;
• High levels of inflation, historically the case in a number of countries in Asia;
• Burdens and costs of compliance with a variety of foreign laws, regulations and sanctions;
• Foreign taxes and duties;
• Changes in tariff rates or other trade, tax or monetary policies; and
• Changes or volatility in currency exchange rates and interest rates.

Our contract manufacturers' facilities could be damaged or disrupted by a natural disaster or labor strike, either of which would materially affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

A major catastrophe, such as an earthquake, monsoon, flood, infectious disease including the 2019 novel coronavirus, or other natural disaster, labor strike, or work stoppage at our contract manufacturers' facilities, our suppliers, or our customers, could result in a prolonged interruption of our business. A disruption resulting from any one of these events could cause significant delays in product shipments and the loss of sales and customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

If we are unable to obtain effective intellectual property protection for our products, processes and technology, we may be unable to compete with other companies.

Intellectual property protection for our products, processes and technology is important and uncertain. If we do not obtain effective intellectual property protection for our products, processes and technology, we may be subject to increased competition. Our commercial success will depend, in part, on our ability, to maintain the proprietary nature of our PicoP® scanning technology and other key technologies by securing valid and enforceable patents and effectively maintaining unpatented technology as trade secrets.

We protect our proprietary PicoP® scanning technology by seeking to obtain United States and foreign patents in our name, or licenses to third party patents, related to proprietary technology, inventions, and improvements that may be important to the development of our business. However, our patent position involves complex legal and factual questions. The standards that the United States Patent and Trademark Office and its foreign counterparts use to grant patents are not always applied predictably or uniformly and can change.

Additionally, the scope of patents is subject to interpretation by courts and their validity can be subject to challenges and defenses, including challenges and defenses based on the existence of prior art. Consequently, we cannot be certain as to the extent to which we will be able to obtain patents for our new products and technology or the extent to which the patents that we already own, protect our products and technology. Reduction in scope of protection or invalidation of our licensed or owned patents, or our inability to obtain new patents, may enable other companies to develop products that compete directly with ours on the basis of the same or similar technology.

We also rely on the law of trade secrets to protect unpatented know-how and technology to maintain our competitive position. We try to protect this know-how and technology by limiting access to the trade secrets to those of our employees, contractors and partners, with a need-to-know such information and by entering into confidentiality agreements with parties that have access to it, such as our employees, consultants and business partners. Any of these parties could breach the agreements and disclose our trade secrets or confidential information, or our competitors might learn of the information in some other way. If any trade secret not protected by a patent were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor, our competitive position could be negatively affected.

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We could be subject to significant product liability claims that could be time-consuming and costly, divert management attention and adversely affect our ability to obtain and maintain insurance coverage.

We could be subject to product liability claims if any of the product applications are alleged to be defective or cause harmful effects. For example, because some of the scanning modules incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology could scan a low power beam of colored light into the user's eye, the testing, manufacture, marketing and sale of these products involve an inherent risk that product liability claims will be asserted against us.

Additionally, any misuse of our technology or products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology by end users or third parties that obtain access to our technology, could result in negative publicity and could harm our brand and reputation. Product liability claims or other claims related to our products or our technology, regardless of their outcome, could require us to spend significant time and money in litigation, divert management time and attention, require us to pay significant damages, harm our reputation or hinder acceptance of our products. Any successful product liability claim may prevent us from obtaining adequate product liability insurance in the future on commercially desirable or reasonable terms. An inability to obtain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or otherwise to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of our products and our PicoP® scanning technology.

Our contracts and collaborative research and development agreements have long sales cycles, which makes it difficult to plan our expenses and forecast our revenues.

Our contracts and collaborative research and development agreements have long sales cycles that involve numerous steps including determining the product application, exploring the technical feasibility of a proposed product, evaluating the costs of manufacturing a product or qualifying a new or alternative contract manufacturer for production. Our long sales cycle, which can last several years, makes it difficult to predict the quarter in which revenue recognition will occur. Delays in entering into contracts and collaborative research and development agreements could cause significant variability in our revenues and operating results for any particular period.

Our contracts and collaborative research and development agreements may not lead to any product or any products that will be profitable.

Our contracts and collaborative research and development agreements, including without limitation, those discussed in this document, are exploratory in nature and are intended to develop new types of products for new applications. Our efforts may prove unsuccessful and these relationships may not result in the development of any product or any products that will be profitable.

Our operations could be adversely impacted by information technology system failures, network disruptions, or cyber security breaches.

We rely on information technology systems to process, transmit, store, and protect electronic data between our employees, our customers and our suppliers. Our systems are vulnerable to damage or interruptions due to events beyond our control, including, but are not limited to, natural disasters, power loss, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, hacking, or other cyber security issues. Our system redundancy may be inadequate and our disaster recovery planning may be ineffective or insufficient to account for all eventualities. Additionally, we maintain insurance coverage to address certain aspects of cyber risks. Such insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all losses or all claims that may arise, should such an event occur.

Loss of any of our key personnel could have a negative effect on the operation of our business.

Our success depends on our executive officers and other key personnel and on the ability to attract and retain qualified new personnel. Achievement of our business objectives will require substantial additional expertise in the areas of sales and marketing, research and product development and manufacturing. Competition for qualified personnel in these fields is intense, and the inability to attract and retain additional highly skilled personnel, or the loss of key personnel, could hinder our ability to compete effectively in the LBS markets and adversely affect our business strategy execution and results of operations.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

In July 2017, we entered into a 65 month facility lease amendment on 31,142 square feet of combined use office, laboratory and manufacturing space at our headquarters facility in Redmond, Washington. The lease agreement includes extension and rent escalation provisions over the term of the lease.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In March 2019, we filed a Notice of Arbitration in Hong Kong against Ragentek as a result of its failure to perform its obligations under a purchase order with us.  The relief sought is $4.0 million dollars plus interest and arbitration costs.  At this time we cannot predict the likelihood of a favorable outcome.

We are subject to various claims and pending or threatened lawsuits in the normal course of business. We are not currently party to any other legal proceedings that we believe are reasonably possible to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4A. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

Executive officers are appointed by our Board of Directors and hold office until their successors are elected and duly qualified. The following persons serve as executive officers of MicroVision, Inc.:

Sumit Sharma, age 46, was appointed Chief Executive Officer in February 2020 and served as Chief Operating Officer from June 2018 to February 2020, after serving as Vice President of Product Engineering and Operations since February 2017 and Vice President and Senior Director of Operations since September 2015. Prior to MicroVision, from April 2015 to September 2015, he was a Product Development and Operations consultant at BlueMadison Consulting. From November 2013 to March 2015, he was the Senior Director, Advanced Manufacturing Operations and Technology Development at Jawbone. From March 2011 to October 2013, he was the Head of Manufacturing Operations for project GLASS at Google. Mr. Sharma has extensive experience in optics, wearable technology, product development and qualification for automotive industry.  Mr. Sharma also has deep experience in global operations and developing strategic partnerships. A patent holder, Mr. Sharma received his baccalaureate degree in engineering from New Jersey Institute of Technology.

Stephen P. Holt, age 57, joined MicroVision in April 2013 as Chief Financial Officer. Prior to MicroVision, from May 2007 to May 2012, he served as Chief Financial Officer of PixelOptics, where he played a lead role in bringing the company's first electronic focusing eyewear product to market. At this venture capital-backed start-up, Mr. Holt raised capital and negotiated strategic partner agreements to license technology in addition to implementing policies and procedures to create an infrastructure capable of supporting rapid growth while maintaining a strong internal control environment. From March 2006 to April 2007, he was the Chief Financial Officer of Interstate Distributors, a trucking and transportation services company. From December 2003 to March 2006, he was the Chief Financial Officer of a group of companies consisting of Activelight, Boxlight, Cinelight and Projector Wholesale Supply. These companies were value-added resellers and distributors of audio-visual and projection equipment. Mr. Holt, a Certified Management Accountant, holds a B.S. from California State University, Chico and an M.B.A. from Santa Clara University.

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David J. Westgor, age 66, was appointed Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary in November 2013, after serving as General Counsel since December 2012 and Deputy General Counsel since June 2007. Before joining MicroVision, Mr. Westgor was Senior Counsel at Medtronic Physio-Control, where he had primary responsibility for the legal affairs of its medical and informatics business units. Mr. Westgor graduated from Loyola Law School and practiced in the Los Angeles office of Pillsbury Winthrop. He moved to the Seattle area to become in-house counsel at Advanced Radio Telecom, a broadband telecommunications company. Mr. Westgor holds a B.A. from St. Olaf College and an M.F.A. degree from the Art Institute of Chicago.

PART II.

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock began trading publicly on August 27, 1996. Our common stock trades on The Nasdaq Global Market under the ticker symbol "MVIS." We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently anticipate that we will retain all future earnings to fund the operations of our business and do not anticipate paying dividends on the common stock in the foreseeable future.

As of March 6, 2020, there were approximately 116 holders of record of 128,077,628 shares of common stock outstanding. As many of our shares of common stock are held by brokerages and institutions on behalf of shareholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of beneficial holders of our common stock represented by these record holders.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

A summary of selected financial data as of and for the five years ended December 31, 2019 is set forth below. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Amounts shown for the year ended December 31, 2015 do not reflect the effects from our January 1, 2018 adoption of ASC Topic 606.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

For the past few years, our business strategy has been to commercialize our PicoP® scanning technology by enabling OEMs and ODMs to produce end-user products via several go-to-market paths:

1. License our LBS technology, module designs, component designs, and software to OEMs and ODMs to allow them to produce modules to either sell or incorporate in their own products.
2. Design and sell LBS modules directly to OEMs and ODMs to incorporate inside their products;
3. License our LBS technology and sell key components to OEMs and ODMs to create their own scanning modules; and
4. License LBS technology to OEMs and ODMs who developed their own key components.

As discussed above, we plan to focus our attention in the near term on licensing our module products and related technology to other companies.

In 2019, 47% of our revenue was generated from product shipments to a major technology company, 38% of our revenue was generated from development and support contracts, 13% of our revenue was generated from other product shipments, 1% was generated from performance on contracts for prototype units, and 1% was generated from ongoing per unit royalties. In 2019, one customer accounted for $7.7 million in revenue, representing 86% of our total revenue and a second customer accounted for $1.2 million in revenue, representing 13% of our total revenue.

In 2018, 57% of our revenue was generated from the five-year license agreement we signed in May 2018, 42% of our revenue was generated from development contracts, and 1% was generated from performance on contracts for prototype units. In 2018, one customer accounted for $10.0 million in revenue, representing 57% of our total revenue, and a second customer accounted for $7.4 million in revenue, representing 42% of our total revenue.

We have incurred substantial losses since inception and expect to incur a significant loss during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020. We have funded operations to date primarily through the sale of common stock, convertible preferred stock, warrants, the issuance of convertible debt and, to a lesser extent, from development contract revenues, product sales and licensing activities. There can be no assurance that additional capital will be available or that, if available, it will be available on terms acceptable to us on a timely basis. We cannot be certain that we will succeed in commercializing our technology or products. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. These financial statements were prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

Key accounting policies and estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent liabilities. We evaluate our estimates on a continuous basis. We base our estimates on historical data, terms of existing contracts, our evaluation of trends in the consumer display and 3D sensing industries, information provided by our current and prospective customers and strategic partners, information available from other outside sources and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results form the basis for making judgments regarding the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe the following key accounting policies require significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue recognition

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We generate all of our revenue from contracts with customers.

Our contract revenue in a particular period is dependent upon when we enter into a contract, the value of the contracts we have entered into, and the availability of technical resources to perform work on the contracts. We recognize contract revenue either at a point in time, or over time, depending upon the characteristics of the individual contract. If control of the deliverable(s) occur over time, the revenue is recognized in proportion to the transfer of control. If control passes to the customer only upon completion and transfer of the asset, revenue is recognized at the completion of the contract. In contracts that include significant customer acceptance provisions, we recognize revenue only upon acceptance of the deliverable(s).

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We identify each performance obligation in our development contracts at contract inception. The contracts generally include product development and customization specified by the customer. In contracts with multiple performance obligations, we identify each performance obligation and evaluate whether the performance obligations are distinct within the context of the contract. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. Performance obligations that are not distinct at contract inception are combined.

If we identify multiple distinct performance obligations, we evaluate each performance obligation to determine if there is a stand-alone selling price. In instances where stand-alone selling price is not directly observable, such as when we do not sell the product or service separately, we determine the stand-alone selling price using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. Judgment is required to determine the stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation.

Our development contracts are primarily fixed-fee contracts. If control of deliverables occurs over time, we recognize revenue on fixed fee contracts on the proportion of total cost expended (under Topic 606, the `input method') to the total cost expected to complete the contract performance obligation. For contracts that require the input method for revenue recognition, the determination of the total cost expected to complete the performance obligations on fixed fee contracts involves significant judgment. We incorporate revisions to hour and cost estimates when the causal facts become known.

Inventory valuation

Inventory is computed using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method and is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. We make judgments and estimates to value our inventory and make adjustments to its carrying value. We review several factors in determining the market value of our inventory including: evaluating the replacement cost of the raw materials, the net realizable value of the finished goods, and the likelihood of obsolescence. If we do not achieve our targeted sales prices, if market conditions for our components or products were to decline, or if we do not achieve our sales forecast, additional reductions in the carrying value of the inventory would be required.

Share-based compensation

We issue share-based compensation to employees in the form of stock options and restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance stock units (PSUs). We account for the share-based awards by recognizing the fair value of share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the service period of the award, net of estimated forfeitures. The fair value of stock options is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of RSUs is determined by the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. The PSUs are valued using a binomial option pricing model using the following inputs: stock price, volatility, and risk-free interest rates. Changes in estimated inputs or using other option valuation methods may result in materially different option values and share-based compensation expense.

Leases

Significant judgment may be required when determining whether a contract contains a lease, the length of the lease term, the allocation of the consideration in a contract between lease and non-lease components, and the determination of the discount rate included in our office lease. We review the underlying objective of each contract, the terms of the contract, and consider our current and future business conditions when making these judgments.

Income taxes

Significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax position and in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. We record a valuation allowance when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Based on our history of losses since inception, the available objective evidence creates sufficient uncertainty regarding the realizability of the deferred tax assets. Our actual tax exposure may differ from our estimates and any such differences may impact income our tax expense in the period in which such determination is made.

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The key accounting policies described above are not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by generally accepted accounting principles, with no need for us to apply judgment or make estimates. There are also areas in which our judgment in selecting any available alternative would not produce a materially different result to our consolidated financial statements. Additional information about our accounting policies, and other disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles, are set forth in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

Inflation has not had a material impact on our revenues or income from continuing operations over the three most recent fiscal years.

Results of Operations

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018.

Product revenue

Product revenue is revenue from sales of our products which are LBS modules and their components. Revenue is recognized when control of the goods passes to the customer.

The increase in product revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 was primarily due to product shipments to a major technology company. Product revenue includes $1.2 million related to the sale of display modules that had been produced for Ragentek and delivered to our distributor in 2017. Our distributor made payments in excess of revenue recognized and Ragentek failed to meet their obligations under the March 2017 order. During 2019, the remaining units held by our distributor were sold to other customers and we reached an agreement with our distributor on the final transaction price of the units shipped to them. As part of the agreement, we have agreed to return $432,000 of the original transaction price to our distributor.

Product revenue backlog at December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $6.7 million and zero, respectively. The December 31, 2019 backlog is primarily due to the production orders received from a major technology company under the product supply agreement signed in April 2017. Product revenue backlog at December 31, 2019 does not include the $9.8 million contract liability on our balance sheet.

License and royalty revenue

License and royalty revenue is revenue under license agreements to our PicoP® scanning technology. We recognize revenue on upfront license fees at a point in time if the nature of the license granted is a right-to-use license, representing functional intellectual property with significant standalone functionality. If the nature of the license granted is a right-to-access license, representing symbolic intellectual property, which excludes significant standalone functionality, we recognize revenue over the period of time we have ongoing obligations under the agreement. We will recognize revenue from sales-based royalties based on information received by our customers. If such information is not received, we will estimate the number of royalty-bearing products consumed by our customers each quarter.

In May 2018, we signed a five-year license agreement with a customer granting them exclusive license to our LBS technology for display-only applications. The license represents functional intellectual property which derives a substantial portion of its utility from its significant standalone functionality. The intellectual property is not expected to substantially change during the license period, nor are we contractually or practically required to use updated intellectual property during the license life. During the year ended December 31, 2018 we completed the performance obligations required by the contract. As a result, we recognized all of the $10.0 million in up-front license payments in license revenue during the year ended December 31, 2018.

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Contract revenue

Contract revenue includes revenue from performance on development contracts and the sale of prototype units and evaluation kits based on our PicoP® scanning module. Our contract revenue in a particular period is dependent upon when we enter into a contract, the value of the contracts we have entered into, and the availability of technical resources to perform work on the contracts. We recognize contract revenue either at a point in time, or over time, depending upon the characteristics of the individual contract. If control of the deliverable(s) occur over time, the revenue is recognized in proportion to the transfer of control. If control passes to the customer only upon completion and transfer of the asset, revenue is recognized at the completion of the contract. In contracts that include significant customer acceptance provisions, we recognize revenue only upon acceptance of the deliverable(s).

In April 2017, we signed a contract with a major technology company to develop an LBS display system.  As of December 31, 2019, we have received all payments due for development work. We have recognized revenue of $15.0 million in development fees, net of early payment discounts, over time utilizing the input method of total costs expended to total cost expected to complete the performance obligation. The original contract was for $14.0 million in fees for development, but we and the customer agreed to add $1.1 million in additional work to total $15.1 million.

The decrease in contract revenue during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 was attributed to decreased contract activity. Our contract backlog, including orders for prototype units and evaluation kits, at December 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately zero and $2.5 million, respectively.

Cost of product revenue

Cost of product revenue includes the direct and allocated indirect costs of products sold to customers. Direct costs include labor, materials, reserves for estimated warranty expenses, and other costs incurred directly, or charged to us by our contract manufacturers, in the manufacture of these products. Indirect costs include labor, manufacturing overhead, and other costs associated with operating our manufacturing capabilities and capacity. Manufacturing overhead includes the costs of procuring, inspecting and storing material, facility and other costs, and is allocated to cost of product revenue based on the proportion of indirect labor which supported production activities.

Cost of product revenue can fluctuate significantly from period to period, depending on the product mix and volume, the level of manufacturing overhead expense and the volume of direct material purchased. The increase during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 was attributed primarily to product shipments to a major technology company. Inventory write-downs of $2.2 million and $4.4 million were recorded in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Cost of contract revenue

Cost of contract revenue includes both the direct and allocated indirect costs of performing on contracts and producing prototype units and evaluation kits. Direct costs include labor, materials and other costs incurred directly in producing prototype units and evaluation kits or performing on a contract. Indirect costs include labor and other costs associated with operating our research and development department and building our technical capabilities and capacity. Cost of contract revenue is determined by the level of direct and indirect costs incurred, which can fluctuate substantially from period to period.

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The decrease in the cost of contract revenue during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 was attributed to reduced activity on the April 2017 development contract.

Research and development expense

Research and development expense consists of compensation related costs of employees and contractors engaged in internal research and product development activities, direct material to support development programs, laboratory operations, outsourced development and processing work, and other operating expenses. We assign our research and development resources based on the business opportunity of the available projects, the skill mix of the resources available and the contractual commitments we have made to our customers. We believe that a substantial level of continuing research and development expense will be required to further develop our scanning technology.

The decrease in research and development expense during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 was attributable to lower subcontractor costs and personnel-related compensation and benefits expenses offset by higher allocation of resources to internal research and development activities that were previously allocated to a commercial contract and higher direct materials costs related to our LBS module development.

Sales, marketing, general and administrative expense

Sales, marketing, general and administrative expense includes compensation and support costs for marketing, sales, management and administrative staff, and for other general and administrative costs, including legal and accounting services, consultants and other operating expenses.

The decrease in sales, marketing, general and administrative expense during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 was attributed to lower personnel- related compensation and benefits expenses and lower professional and outside services costs.

Income taxes

No provision for income taxes has been recorded because we have experienced net losses from inception through December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2019, we had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $405.8 million for federal income tax reporting purposes. In addition, we have research and development tax credits of $9.0 million. During 2019, $17.1 million federal net operating losses expired unused. A majority of the net operating loss carryforwards and research and development credits available to offset future taxable income, if any, will expire in varying amounts from 2020 to 2039, if not previously used.

In certain circumstances, as specified in the Internal Revenue Code, a 50% or more ownership change by certain combinations of our shareholders during any three year period would result in a limitation on our ability to use a portion of our net operating loss carryforwards.

We recognize interest accrued and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense. We did not have any unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2019 or at December 31, 2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have incurred significant losses since inception. We have funded operations to date primarily through the sale of common stock, convertible preferred stock, warrants, the issuance of convertible debt and, to a lesser extent, from development contract revenues, product sales, and licensing activities. At December 31, 2019, we had $5.8 million in cash and cash equivalents.

Based on our current operating plan that includes anticipated future proceeds from the sale of shares under our existing Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park, we anticipate that we have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to fund our operations into the second quarter of 2020. We will require additional capital to fund our operating plan past that time.

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We plan to obtain additional capital through the issuance of equity or debt securities, product sales and/or licensing activities. There can be no assurance that additional capital will be available to us or, if available, will be available on terms acceptable to us or on a timely basis. If adequate capital resources are not available on a timely basis, we intend to consider limiting our operations substantially. This limitation of operations could include reducing investments in our production capacities, research and development projects, staff, operating costs, and capital expenditures. Following our substantial reduction in headcount in February 2020, additional cost savings may be difficult to identify and achieve.

Under the April 2017 development contract, we received an upfront payment of $10.0 million in 2017 with a major technology company. The $10.0 million upfront payment will be applied as an upfront payment toward future component purchases from us. Based on current pricing and cost estimates, the amount of per unit upfront payment would be greater than our estimated per unit gross profit and therefore will have a negative impact on our reported cash flow from operating activities until the upfront payment has been earned.

These factors raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

Operating activities

Cash used in operating activities totaled $24.0 million during 2019, compared to $22.6 million in 2018. Cash used in operating activities resulted primarily from cash used to fund our net loss, after adjusting for non-cash charges such as share-based compensation, depreciation and amortization charges and changes in operating assets and liabilities. The changes in cash used in operating activities were primarily attributed to the timing of payments received from customers and payments made to suppliers during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018.

Investing activities

Cash used in investing activities totaled $745,000 in 2019, compared to $1.1 million in 2018 and was primarily attributed to purchases of equipment.

Financing activities

Cash provided by financing activities totaled $16.9 million in 2019, compared to $20.5 million in 2018. Principal payments under finance leases was $20,000 in 2019 and $12,000 in 2018.

The following is a list of our financing activities during 2019 and 2018.

• In December 2019, we entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park granting us the right to sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate value of up to $16.0 million. Under the terms of the agreement, Lincoln Park made an initial purchase of 1.5 million shares of common stock for $1.0 million at a purchase price of $0.6531 per share. Subject to various limitations and conditions set forth in the agreement, we may sell up to an additional $15.0 million in shares of common stock, from time to time, at our sole discretion to Lincoln Park over a 24-month period beginning December 2019. In consideration for entering into the agreement, we issued 375,000 shares of our common stock, having a value of $277,000, based on the closing stock price at the date of grant, to Lincoln Park as a commitment fee. We incurred an additional $90,000 in issuance costs.
• In July 2019, we raised $2.0 million before issuance costs of approximately $24,000 through a registered direct offering of 3.0 million shares of our common stock to a private investor.
• In April 2019, we raised $2.0 million before issuance costs of approximately $34,000 through a registered direct offering of 2.3 million shares of our common stock to a private investor.
• In April 2019, we entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park granting us the right to sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate value of up to $11.0 million. Under the terms of the agreement, Lincoln Park made an initial purchase of $1.0 million in shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.98 per share. Subject to various limitations and conditions set forth in the agreement, we may sell up to an additional $10.0 million in shares of common stock, from time to time, at our sole discretion to Lincoln Park over a 24-month period beginning April 2019. In consideration for entering into the agreement, we issued 250,000 shares of our common stock, having a value of $258,000, based on the closing stock price at the date of grant, to Lincoln Park as a commitment fee. We incurred an additional $92,000 in issuance costs. As of December 31, 2019, we have issued 15.7 million shares and raised a total of $11.0 million under this agreement. No further shares are available for sale under this agreement.

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• In January 2019, we raised $1.2 million before issuance costs of approximately $26,000 through a registered direct offering of 2.0 million shares of our common stock to a private investor.
• In December 2018, we raised $4.2 million before issuance costs of approximately $524,000 through an underwritten public offering of 7.0 million shares of our common stock.
• In June 2018, we raised $18.0 million before issuance costs of approximately $1.4 million through an underwritten public offering of 14.4 million shares of our common stock.

Our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, the rate at which OEMs and ODMs introduce products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology and the market acceptance and competitive position of such products. Our ability to raise capital will depend on numerous factors, including the following:

• Perceptions of our ability to continue as a going concern;
• Market acceptance of products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology;
• Changes in evaluations and recommendations by any securities analysts following our stock or our industry generally;
• Announcements by other companies in our industry;
• Changes in business or regulatory conditions;
• Announcements or implementation by our competitors of technological innovations or new products;
• The status of particular development programs and the timing of performance under specific development agreements;
• Economic and stock market conditions;
• The cost of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights;
• Our ability to establish cooperative development, joint venture and licensing arrangements; or
• Other factors unrelated to our company or industry.

If we are successful in establishing OEM or ODM co-development and joint venture arrangements, we expect our partners to fund certain non-recurring engineering costs for technology development and/or for product development. Nevertheless, we expect our capital requirements to remain high as we expand our activities and operations with the objective of commercializing our PicoP® scanning technology.

Contractual obligations

The following table lists our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

Recent accounting pronouncements

See Note 2, "Summary of significant accounting policies," in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements found in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate and Market Liquidity Risks

As of December 31, 2019, all of our cash and cash equivalents have variable interest rates. Therefore, we believe our exposure to market and interest rate risks is not material.

Our investment policy generally directs that the investment managers should select investments to achieve the following goals: principal preservation, adequate liquidity, and return. As of December 31, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents are comprised of short-term highly rated money market savings accounts. The values of cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2019, are as follows (in thousands):

Foreign Exchange Rate Risk

Our major contract and collaborative research and development agreements, product sales, and licensing activity payments are currently made in U.S. dollars. However, in the future we may enter into contracts or collaborative research and development agreements in foreign currencies that may subject us to foreign exchange rate risk. We have entered into purchase orders and supply agreements in foreign currencies in the past and may enter into such arrangements, from time to time, in the future. We believe our exposure to currency fluctuations related to these arrangements is not material. We may enter into foreign currency hedges to offset material exposure to currency fluctuations when we can adequately determine the timing and amounts of the exposure.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of
MicroVision, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of MicroVision, Inc. (the "Company") as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes and schedule (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB"), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established inInternal Control - Integrated Framework(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 11, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Going Concern Uncertainty

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has an accumulated deficit that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for leases in 2019.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Moss Adams LLP

Seattle, Washington
March 11, 2020

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2012.

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MicroVision, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MicroVision, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MicroVision, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Deficit)
(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MicroVision, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MicroVision, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the year ended December 31, 2019

1. THE COMPANY AND LIQUIDITY

MicroVision, Inc. is a pioneer in LBS technology that we market under our brand name PicoP®. We have developed our proprietary PicoP® scanning technology that can be adopted by our customers to create high-resolution miniature projection and three-dimensional sensing and image capture solutions. PicoP® scanning technology is based on our patented expertise in MEMS, laser diodes, opto-mechanics, and electronics and how those elements are packaged into a small form factor, lower power scanning module that can display, interact and sense, depending on the needs of the application. For display, the module can project a high-quality image on any surface (pico projection), or a retina (AR). For sensing, we use IR lasers to capture three-dimensional data in the form of a point cloud. Interactivity uses the 3D sensing function and the display function to simultaneously project an image that the user can then interact with as one would a touch screen.

We have incurred significant losses since inception. We have funded our operations to date primarily through the sale of common stock, convertible preferred stock, warrants, the issuance of convertible debt and, to a lesser extent, from development contract revenues, product sales and licensing activities. At December 31, 2019, we had $5.8 million in cash and cash equivalents.

Based on our current operating plan that includes anticipated future proceeds from the sale of shares under our existing Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park, we anticipate that we have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to fund our operations into the second quarter of 2020. We will require additional capital to fund our operating plan past that time. We plan to obtain additional capital through the issuance of equity or debt securities, product sales and/or licensing activities. There can be no assurance that additional capital will be available to us or, if available, will be available on terms acceptable to us or on a timely basis. If adequate capital resources are not available on a timely basis, we intend to consider limiting our operations substantially. This limitation of operations could include reducing investments in our production capacities, research and development projects, staff, operating costs, and capital expenditures.

We are introducing new technology and products into an emerging market which creates significant uncertainty about our ability to accurately project revenue, costs and cash flows. Our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, the commercial success of our LBS modules, the rate at which OEMs and ODMs introduce products incorporating our PicoP® scanning technology and the market acceptance and competitive position of such products. If revenues are less than we anticipate, if the mix of revenues and the associated margins vary from anticipated amounts or if expenses exceed the amounts budgeted, we may require additional capital earlier than expected to fund our operations. In addition, our operating plan provides for the development of strategic relationships with suppliers of components and systems and equipment manufacturers that may require additional investments by us.

These factors raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles of the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from our estimates. We have identified the following areas where estimates and assumptions have been made in preparing the financial statements: revenue recognition, inventory valuation, valuation of share-based payments, income taxes, depreciable lives assessment and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.

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Cash and cash equivalents and fair value of financial instruments

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the authoritative guidance establishes a three level fair value inputs hierarchy, and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable valuation inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. We use market data, assumptions and risks we believe market participants would use in measuring the fair value of the asset or liability, including the risks inherent in the inputs and the valuation techniques.

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The carrying value of our financial instruments approximates fair value due to their short maturities. Our cash equivalents are comprised of short-term highly rated money market savings accounts.

Intangible assets

Our intangible assets consist exclusively of purchased patents. The patents are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated period of benefit, ranging from one to seventeen years. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of their carrying values to the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with the related intangible assets or group of assets over their remaining lives. Measurement of an impairment loss for our intangible assets is based on the difference between the fair value of the asset and its carrying value.

Inventory

Inventory consists of raw materials and finished goods assemblies. Inventory is computed using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method and is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Management periodically assesses the need to account for obsolescence of inventory and adjusts the carrying value of inventory to its net realizable value when required. Inventory that will not be consumed through the normal course of business during the next twelve months is classified as "other assets" on the balance sheet.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets (two to five years) using the straight-line method. Our property and equipment may include assets related to future product lines. As our production needs change, we periodically assess the remaining estimated useful life of our production equipment. If necessary, we adjust the depreciation on our production equipment to reflect the remaining estimated useful life. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of estimated useful lives or the lease term. Costs for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred and expenditures for major improvements are capitalized at cost. Gains or losses on the disposition of assets are reflected in the income statements at the time of disposal.

Restricted cash

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, restricted cash was in money market savings accounts and serve as collateral for $435,000 in irrevocable letters of credit. The restricted cash balance includes a letter of credit which is outstanding in connection with a lease agreement for our corporate headquarters building in Redmond, Washington. The balance is required over the term of the lease, which expires in March 2023.

Leases

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. On our balance sheet, our office lease is included in Operating lease right-of-use (ROU) asset, Current portion of operating lease liability and Operating lease liability, net of current portion. On our balance sheet, finance leases are included in Property and equipment, Current portion of finance lease obligations and Finance lease obligations, net of current portion.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. For leases that do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

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Significant judgment may be required when determining whether a contract contains a lease, the length of the lease term, the allocation of the consideration in a contract between lease and non-lease components, and the determination of the discount rate included in our office lease. We review the underlying objective of each contract, the terms of the contract, and consider our current and future business conditions when making these judgments.

Revenue recognition

The following is a description of principal activities from which we generate revenue. Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We generate all of our revenue from contracts with customers.

We evaluate contracts based on the 5-step model as stated in Topic 606 as follows: (i) identify the contract, (ii) identify the performance obligations, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) performance obligations are satisfied.

A contract contains a promise (or promises) to transfer goods or services to a customer. A performance obligation is a promise (or a group of promises) that is distinct, as defined in the revenue standard.

The transaction price is the amount of consideration an entity expects to be entitled to from a customer in exchange for providing the goods or services. A number of factors should be considered to determine the transaction price, including whether there is variable consideration, a significant financing component, noncash consideration, or amounts payable to the customer. The determination of variable consideration will require a significant amount of judgment. In estimating the transaction price we will use either the expected value method or the most likely amount method.

The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations in the contract based on relative standalone selling prices. Determining the relative standalone selling price can be challenging when goods or services are not sold on a standalone basis. The revenue standard sets out several methods that can be used to estimate a standalone selling price when one is not directly observable. Allocating discounts and variable consideration must also be considered. Allocating the transaction price can require significant judgement on our part.

Revenue is recognized when (or as) the customer obtains control of the good or service/performance obligations are satisfied. Topic 606 provides guidance to help determine if a performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over time. Where a performance obligation is satisfied over time, the related revenue is also recognized over time.

Product revenue

We sell our products to customers under a contract or by purchase order. We consider the sale of each individual item to be one performance obligation. The transaction price is generally either at stated product price per quantity or at a fixed amount at contract inception. Revenue is recognized under Topic 606 when the product is shipped to the customer because control passes to the customer at the point of shipment. Our product sales generally include acceptance provisions, however, because we generally can objectively determine that we have met agreed-upon customer specifications prior to shipment, control of the item passes at the time of shipment.

License and royalty revenue

We recognize revenue on upfront license fees at a point in time if the nature of the license granted is a right-to-use license, representing functional intellectual property with significant standalone functionality. If the nature of the license granted is a right-to-access license, representing symbolic intellectual property, which excludes significant standalone functionality, we recognize revenue over the period of time we have ongoing obligations under the agreement. We will recognize revenue from sales-based royalties on the basis of the quarterly reports provided by our customer as to the number of royalty-bearing products sold or otherwise distributed. In the event that reports are not received, we will estimate the number of royalty-bearing products sold by our customers.

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Contract revenue

Our contract revenue in a particular period is dependent upon when we enter into a contract, the value of the contracts we have entered into, and the availability of technical resources to perform work on the contracts. We recognize contract revenue either at a point in time, or over time, depending upon the characteristics of the individual contract. If control of the deliverable(s) occur over time, the revenue is recognized in proportion to the transfer of control. If control passes to the customer only upon completion and transfer of the asset, revenue is recognized at the completion of the contract. In contracts that include significant customer acceptance provisions, we recognize revenue only upon acceptance of the deliverable(s).

We identify each performance obligation in our development contracts at contract inception. The contracts generally include product development and customization specified by the customer. In contracts with multiple performance obligations, we identify each performance obligation and evaluate whether the performance obligations are distinct within the context of the contract. Performance obligations that are not distinct at contract inception are combined.

Our development contracts are primarily fixed-fee contracts. If control of deliverables occurs over time, we recognize revenue on fixed fee contracts on the proportion of total cost expended (under Topic 606, the `input method') to the total cost expected to complete the contract performance obligation. For contracts that require the input method for revenue recognition, the determination of the total cost expected to complete the performance obligations on fixed fee contracts involves significant judgment. We incorporate revisions to hour and cost estimates when the causal facts become known.

Cost of product revenue

Cost of product revenue includes the direct and allocated indirect costs of products sold to customers. Direct costs include labor, materials, reserves for estimated warranty expenses, and other costs incurred directly, or charged to us by our contract manufacturers in the manufacture of these products. Indirect costs include labor, manufacturing overhead, and other costs associated with operating our manufacturing capabilities and capacity. Manufacturing overhead includes the costs of procuring, inspecting and storing material, facility and other costs, and is allocated to cost of product revenue based on the proportion of indirect labor which supported production activities. The cost of product revenue can fluctuate significantly from period to period, depending on the product mix and volume, the level of manufacturing overhead expense and the volume of direct material purchased.

Cost of contract revenue

Cost of contract revenue includes both the direct and allocated indirect costs of performing on contracts and producing prototype units and evaluation kits based on our PicoP® scanning module. Direct costs include labor, materials and other costs incurred directly in producing prototype units and evaluation kits or performing on a contract. Indirect costs include labor and other costs associated with operating our research and development department and building our technical capabilities and capacity. Cost of contract revenue is determined by the level of direct and indirect costs incurred, which can fluctuate substantially from period to period.

Our overhead, which includes the costs of procuring, inspecting and storing material, and facility and depreciation costs, is allocated to inventory, cost of product revenue, cost of contract revenue, and research and development expense based on the level of effort supporting production or research and development activity.

Concentration of credit risk and major customers and suppliers

Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk are primarily cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We typically do not require collateral from our customers. As of December 31, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents are comprised of short-term highly rated money market savings accounts.

Concentration of major customers and suppliers

In 2019, one customer accounted for $7.7 million in revenue, representing 86% of our total revenue and a second customer accounted for $1.2 million in revenue, representing 13% of our total revenue. In 2018, one customer accounted for $10.0 million in revenue, representing 57% of our total revenue and a second customer accounted for $7.4 million in revenue, representing 42% of our total revenue.

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A significant concentration of our components and the products we sell are currently manufactured and obtained from single or limited-source suppliers, which are primarily located in foreign countries. The loss of any single or limited-source supplier, the failure of any of these suppliers to perform as expected, or the disruption in the supply chain of components from these suppliers could subject us to risks and uncertainties regarding, but not limited to, increased cost of sales, possible loss of revenues, or significant delays in product deliveries, any of which could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

Income taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for differences between the financial statement and tax bases of the assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is recorded for the amount of income tax payable for the period increased or decreased by the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the period.

Net loss per share

Basic net loss per share is calculated using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the periods. Net loss per share, assuming dilution, is calculated using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and the dilutive effect of all potentially dilutive securities, including common stock equivalents and convertible securities. Net loss per share, assuming dilution, is equal to basic net loss per share because the effect of dilutive securities outstanding during the periods, including options and warrants computed using the treasury stock method, is anti-dilutive.

The components of basic and diluted net loss per share were as follows (in thousands, except loss per share data):

During each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we excluded the following securities from net loss per share as the effect of including them would have been anti-dilutive. The shares shown represent the number of shares of common stock which would be issued upon conversion in the respective years shown below (in thousands):

Research and development

Research and development expense consists of compensation related costs of employees and contractors engaged in internal research and product development activities, direct material to support development programs, laboratory operations, outsourced development and processing work, and other operating expenses. We assign our research and development resources based on the business opportunity of the available projects, the skill mix of the resources available and the contractual commitments we have made to our customers. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. We believe that a substantial level of continuing research and development expense will be required to further develop our technology.

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Share-based compensation

We issue share-based compensation to employees in the form of stock options and restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance stock units (PSUs). We account for the share-based awards by recognizing the fair value of share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the service period of the award, net of estimated forfeitures. The fair value of stock options is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of RSUs is determined by the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. The PSUs are valued using a binomial option pricing model using the following inputs: stock price, volatility, and risk-free interest rates. Changes in estimated inputs or using other option valuation methods may result in materially different option values and share-based compensation expense.

The following table summarizes the amount of share-based compensation expense by line item on the Statement of Operations (in thousands):

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year financial statements to conform to classifications used in the current year. These reclassifications had no impact on net loss, shareholders' equity or cash flows, as previously reported.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-12 (ASU 2019-12) Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The amendments in this update simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740, Income Taxes. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify generally accepted accounting principles for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The new guidance will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of implementation of this standard on our financial statements.

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

The following is a description of principal activities from which we generate revenue. Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We generate all of our revenue from contracts with customers.

We evaluate contracts based on the 5-step model as stated in Topic 606 as follows: (i) identify the contract, (ii) identify the performance obligations, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) performance obligations are satisfied.

A contract contains a promise (or promises) to transfer goods or services to a customer. A performance obligation is a promise (or a group of promises) that is distinct, as defined in the revenue standard.

The transaction price is the amount of consideration an entity expects to be entitled to from a customer in exchange for providing the goods or services. A number of factors should be considered to determine the transaction price, including whether there is variable consideration, a significant financing component, noncash consideration, or amounts payable to the customer. The determination of variable consideration will require a significant amount of judgment. In estimating the transaction price we will use either the expected value method or the most likely amount method.

The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations in the contract based on relative standalone selling prices. Determining the relative standalone selling price can be challenging when goods or services are not sold on a standalone basis. The revenue standard sets out several methods that can be used to estimate a standalone selling price when one is not directly observable. Allocating discounts and variable consideration must also be considered. Allocating the transaction price can require significant judgement on our part.

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Revenue is recognized when (or as) the customer obtains control of the good or service/performance obligations are satisfied. Topic 606 provides guidance to help determine if a performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over time. Where a performance obligation is satisfied over time, the related revenue is also recognized over time.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by timing of revenue recognition, (in thousands):

Contract balances

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands):

Under Topic 606, our rights to consideration are presented separately depending on whether those rights are conditional or unconditional. We present our unconditional rights to consideration as "accounts receivable" in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Contract assets represent rights to consideration that are subject to a condition other than the passage of time and will be comprised primarily of costs and estimated profits in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts and estimated accrued sales-based royalty revenue.

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Contract costs in excess of billing are included in the "Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts" line of our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Contract liabilities in the table below are presented as contract liabilities, deferred revenue, and a portion of accrued liabilities on the balance sheet. Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

During the year ended December 31, 2019, we billed $4.5 million on our development support and prototype contracts. Of this amount, $987,000 was included in contract assets at December 31, 2018. We also recognized revenue of $3.4 million on our development support and prototype contracts during the year ended December 31, 2019, net of early payment discounts.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized $1.2 million related to the sale of display modules that had been produced for Ragentek and delivered to our distributor in 2017 and was included in accrued liabilities at December 31, 2018. Our distributor made payments in excess of revenue recognized and Ragentek failed to meet their obligations under the March 2017 order. During 2019, the remaining units held by our distributor were sold to other customers and we reached an agreement with our distributor on the final transaction price of the units shipped to them. As part of the agreement, we have agreed to return $432,000 of the original transaction price to our distributor.

Contract acquisition costs

We are required to capitalize certain contract acquisition costs consisting primarily of commissions paid when contracts are signed. We currently do not pay any commissions upon the signing of a contract; therefore, no commission cost has been incurred as of December 31, 2019.  

Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period. The $10.0 million upfront payment received from a major technology company is being recognized as revenue as component sales are transferred to the customer. We recognized $245,000 of the $10.0 million contract liability in December 2019. We expect to apply an additional $2.3 million over the first three quarters of 2020, and this amount is included in revenue below. Because there is uncertainty about the timing of the application of the remainder of the contract liability, it has been excluded from future estimated revenue in the table below. The $9.8 million contract liability is classified as a current liability on our balance sheet. Due to the uncertainty of the timing, it is possible that recognition of revenue may extend beyond the next twelve months. The following table provides information about the estimated timing of revenue recognition (in thousands):

Adoption of the standards related to revenue recognition had no impact to cash from or used in operating, investing, or financing activities on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

4. LONG-TERM CONTRACTS

In May 2018, we signed a five-year license agreement with a customer granting them exclusive license to our LBS technology for display-only applications. As part of the agreement, we received a first payment of $5.0 million in June 2018 and the second payment of $5.0 million in October 2018. The contract includes requirements that must be met in order to maintain exclusivity. If this licensee acquires a customer, the agreement requires the licensee to buy any

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needed components from us. During the year ended December 31, 2018 we completed the performance obligations required by the contract. As a result, we recognized $10.0 million in license and royalty revenue during the year ended December 31, 2018.

In April 2017, we signed a contract with a major technology company to develop an LBS display system. Under the agreement, we received an upfront payment of $10.0 million in 2017 and, as of December 31, 2019, have also received $15.0 million, net of early payment discounts, representing all payment due for development work. The original contract was for $14.0 million in fees for development work, but we and our customer agreed to add $1.1 million in additional work to total $15.1 million. After applying early payment discounts, we recognized revenue of $15.0 million in development fees over time based on the proportion of total cost expended (under Topic 606, the "input method") to the total cost expected to complete the contract performance obligation. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized $2.9 million of contract revenue from development fees on this agreement compared to $7.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2018.

The $10.0 million upfront payment will be recognized as revenue at the point in time future component sales are transferred to the customer. Based on current pricing and cost estimates, the amount of the per unit upfront payment would be greater than our estimated per unit gross profit. At December 31, 2019 we had $9.8 million of the $10.0 million upfront payment classified as a contract liability on the balance sheet. We have received purchase orders from our customer under the product supply agreement signed in April 2017. We expect to apply $2.3 million of the upfront payment over the first three quarters of 2020. To the extent that the component purchases do not fully expend the $10.0 million upfront payment, there is no repayment provision to the customer.

The following table summarizes the costs incurred on our revenue contracts (in thousands):

5. INVENTORY

Inventory consists of the following (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, $168,000 and $1.4 million, respectively, of materials that are not expected to be consumed during the next twelve months are classified as "other assets" on the balance sheet.

We recorded inventory write-downs of $2.2 million in 2019 and $4.4 million in 2018.

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6. ACCRUED LIABILITIES

Accrued liabilities consists of the following (in thousands):

7. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):

Depreciation expense was $1.1 million in 2019 and $1.7 million in 2018.

8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Our intangible assets consist exclusively of technology-based purchased patents. The gross book value of our intangible assets was $951,000 and $1.6 million in the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Amortization expense was $105,000 in 2019 and $116,000 in 2018. In 2019, we recorded an impairment amounting to $160,000 on 52 patents that we elected not to renew, and one patent abandoned in prosecution. In 2018, there were no impairments recorded and none of our patents were abandoned in prosecution. The following table outlines our estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets held at December 31, 2019 (in thousands):