Revenue | 3. Revenue The Network segment provides products and services to both residential and commercial customers that can be categorized as Fioptics, Enterprise Fiber or Legacy. The products and services within these three categories can be further categorized as either Data, Voice, Video or Other. Fioptics and Legacy revenue include both residential and commercial customers. Enterprise Fiber revenue includes ethernet and dedicated internet access services that are provided to enterprise customers, as well as revenue associated with the Southeast Asia to United States ("SEA-US") trans-Pacific submarine cable system. Subsequent to the Company’s acquisition of Agile, services provided by Agile are also included in Enterprise Fiber. Residential customers have implied month-to-month contracts. Commercial customers, with the exception of contracts associated with the SEA-US cable system, typically have contracts with a duration of one to five years and automatically renew on a month-to-month basis. Customers are invoiced on a monthly basis for services rendered. Contracts for projects that are included within the Other revenue stream are typically short in duration and less than one year. Contracts associated with the SEA-US cable system typically range from 15 to 25 years and payment is prepaid. The IT Services and Hardware segment provides a full range of Information Technology ("IT") solutions, including Communications, Cloud and Consulting services. IT Services and Hardware customers enter into contracts that have a typical duration of one to five years, with varied renewal options at the end of the term. Customers are invoiced on a monthly basis for services rendered. The IT Services and Hardware segment also provides enterprise customers with Infrastructure Solutions, which includes the sale of hardware and maintenance contracts. These contracts are typically satisfied in less than twelve months and revenue is recognized at a point in time. The Company has elected the practical expedient described in ASC 606-10-32-18 that allows an entity to not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if the entity expects that the period of time between the transfer of a promised good or service to the customer and when the customer pays for such good or service will be one year or less. Customers are typically billed immediately upon the rendering of services or the delivery of products. Payment terms for customers are between 30 and 120 days. Subsequent to the acquisition of Hawaiian Telcom Holdco., Inc. ("Hawaiian Telcom"), the Company began recognizing a financing component associated with the up-front payments for services to be delivered under indefeasible right of use ("IRU") contracts for fiber circuit capacity. The IRU contracts typically have a duration ranging from 15 to 25 years . Performance Obligations A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, or a series of distinct goods or services, and is the unit of account defined in ASC Topic 606. The transaction price identified in the contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Contract modifications for changes to services provided are routine throughout the term of our contracts. In most instances, contract modifications are for the addition or reduction of services that are distinct, and price changes are based on the stand-alone selling price of the service and, as such, are accounted for on a prospective basis as a new contract. Goods and services are sold individually, or a contract may include multiple goods or services. For contracts with multiple goods and services, the transaction price identified in the contract is allocated to each performance obligation using the stand-alone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. Certain customers of the Company may receive cash-based rebates based on volume of sales, which are accounted for as variable consideration. Potential rebates are considered at contract inception in our estimate of transaction price based on the estimated projection of sales volume. Estimates are reassessed quarterly. Performance obligations are satisfied either over time as services are performed or at a point in time. Substantially all of our service revenue is recognized over time. For services transferred over time, the Company has elected the practical expedient to recognize revenue based on amounts invoiced to the customer as the Company has concluded that the invoice amount directly corresponds with the value of services provided to the customer. Management considers this a faithful depiction of the transfer of control as services are provided evenly over the month and are substantially the same over the life of the contract. As the Company has elected the practical expedients detailed at ASC 606-10-50-13, revenue for these unsatisfied performance obligations that will be billed in future periods has not been disclosed. As of March 31, 2023, our estimated revenue, including a financing component, expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations associated with customer contracts that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) is $ 186.9 million. Certain IRU contracts extend for periods of up to 30 years and are invoiced at the beginning of the contract term. The revenue from such contracts is recognized over time as services are provided over the contract term. The expected revenue to be recognized for existing customer contracts is as follows: (dollars in millions) Nine months ended December 31, 2023 $ 11.8 2024 17.7 2025 17.8 2026 18.2 2027 18.3 Thereafter 103.1 Network The Company has identified four distinct performance obligations in the Network segment, namely Data, Voice, Video and Other. For each of the Data, Voice and Video services, service is delivered to the customer continuously and in a substantially similar manner for each period of the agreement, the customer takes full control over the services as the service is delivered, and as such, Data, Voice and Video are identified to be a series of distinct services. Services provided by the Network segment can be categorized into three main categories that include Fioptics, Enterprise Fiber and Legacy, each of which may include one or more of the aforementioned performance obligations. Data services include high-speed internet access, digital subscriber lines, ethernet, routed network services, SONET (Synchronous Optical Network), dedicated internet access, wavelength, digital signal and IRU revenue. Voice services include traditional and fiber voice lines, switched access, digital trunking and consumer and business long distance calling. Video services are offered through our fiber network to residential and commercial customers based on various standard plans with the opportunity to add premium channels. To receive video services, customers are required to use the Company's set top boxes that are billed as part of the monthly recurring service. Set top boxes are not considered a separate performance obligation from video because the equipment is necessary for the service to operate and the customer has no alternative use for the equipment. Services and products not included in Data, Voice or Video are included in Other revenue and are comprised of wire care, time and materials projects, subsidized fiber build projects and advertising. Transfer of control of these services and products is evaluated on an individual project basis and can occur over time or at a point in time. The Company uses multiple methods to determine stand-alone selling prices in the Network segment. For Data, Video and Voice products in Fioptics, market rate is the primary method used to determine stand-alone selling prices. For Data performance obligations under the Enterprise Fiber category, and Voice, Data and Other performance obligations under the Legacy category, stand-alone selling prices are determined based on a list price, discount off of list price, a tariff rate, a margin percentage range, or a minimum margin percentage. IT Services and Hardware The Company has identified four distinct performance obligations in the IT Services and Hardware segment. These performance obligations are Communications, Cloud, Consulting and Infrastructure Solutions. Communications services are monthly services that include data and VoIP services, tailored solutions that include converged IP communications of data, voice, video and mobility applications, enterprise long distance, MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) and conferencing services. Cloud services include storage, backup, disaster recovery, SLA-based monitoring and management, cloud computing and cloud consulting. Consulting services provide customers with IT staffing, consulting and emerging technology solutions. Infrastructure Solutions includes the sale of hardware and maintenance contracts as well as installation projects. For the sale of hardware, the Company evaluated whether it is the principal or the agent. The Company has concluded it acts as an agent because it does not control the inventory before it is transferred to customers, it does not have the ability to direct the product to anyone besides the purchasing customer, and it does not integrate the hardware with any of its own goods or services. Based on this assessment, the performance obligation is to arrange a sale of hardware between the vendor and the customer. In the instance where there is an issue with the hardware, the Company coordinates with the manufacturer to facilitate a return in accordance with the standard manufacturer warranty. Hardware returns are not significant to the Company. Within the IT Services and Hardware segment, stand-alone selling prices for the four performance obligations are determined based on either a margin percentage range, minimum margin percentage or discount from standard price list if it is determined to be representative of stand-alone selling price. For hardware sales, revenue is recognized net of the cost of product and is recognized when the hardware is either shipped or delivered in accordance with the terms of the contract. For certain projects within Communications and Consulting, revenue is recognized when the customer communicates acceptance of the services performed. For contracts with freight on board shipping terms, management has elected to account for shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the good, and, therefore, has not evaluated whether shipping and handling activities are promised services to its customers. Contract Balances The Company recognizes incremental fulfillment costs as an asset when installation expenses are incurred as part of performing the agreement for Voice, Video and Data product offerings in the Network segment in which the contract life is longer than one year. These fulfillment costs are amortized ratably over the expected life of the customer, which is representative of the expected period of benefit of the asset capitalized. The expected life of the customer is determined utilizing the average churn rate for each product. The Company calculates average churn based on the historical average customer life. We also recognize an asset for incremental fulfillment costs for certain Cloud and Communications services in the IT Services and Hardware segment that require us to incur installation and provisioning expenses. The asset recognized for Cloud and Communication services is amortized over the average contract life. Churn rates and average contract life are reviewed on an annual basis. Fulfillment costs are capitalized to “Other noncurrent assets.” The related amortization expense is recorded to “Cost of services and products.” The Company recognizes an asset for the incremental costs of acquiring a contract with a customer if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. We have determined that certain sales incentive programs related to Voice, Video, Data and certain Cloud and Communications services meet the requirements to be capitalized. The contract asset established for the costs of acquiring a contract is recorded to “Other noncurrent assets.” Sales incentives are amortized ratably over the period that services are delivered using either an average churn rate or average contract term, both representative of the expected period of benefit of the asset capitalized. Customer churn rates and average contract term assumptions are reviewed on an annual basis. The related amortization expense is recorded to “Selling, general and administrative.” Management has elected to use the practical expedient detailed in ASC 340-40-25-4 to expense any costs to fulfill a contract and costs to obtain a contract as they are incurred when the amortization period would have been one year or less. This practical expedient has been applied to fulfillment costs that include installation costs associated with wiring projects and certain Cloud services. In addition, this practical expedient has been applied to acquisition costs associated with revenue from certain Communications projects. The following table presents the activity for the Company’s contract assets: Fulfillment Costs Cost of Acquisition Total Contract Assets (dollars in millions) Network IT Services Total Network IT Services Total Network IT Services Total Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 2.5 $ 2.7 $ 5.2 $ 12.0 $ 1.0 $ 13.0 $ 14.5 $ 3.7 $ 18.2 Additions 0.5 0.5 1.0 3.0 0.2 3.2 3.5 0.7 4.2 Amortization ( 0.2 ) ( 0.2 ) ( 0.4 ) ( 1.2 ) ( 0.2 ) ( 1.4 ) ( 1.4 ) ( 0.4 ) ( 1.8 ) Balance as of March 31, 2023 $ 2.8 $ 3.0 $ 5.8 $ 13.8 $ 1.0 $ 14.8 $ 16.6 $ 4.0 $ 20.6 The Company recognizes a liability for cash received up-front for IRU contracts. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $ 3.4 million and $ 3.2 million, respectively, of contract liabilities were included in "Other current liabilities." At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $ 73.3 million and $ 74.2 million, respectively, of contract liabilities were included in "Other noncurrent liabilities." Disaggregated Revenue The following table presents revenues disaggregated by product and service lines: (dollars in millions) Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Data $ 136.2 $ 126.1 Video 48.6 48.6 Voice 56.9 59.3 Other 8.1 9.5 Total Network 249.8 243.5 Consulting 84.7 83.4 Cloud 26.6 24.6 Communications 56.2 54.9 Infrastructure Solutions 37.5 35.9 Total IT Services and Hardware 205.0 198.8 Intersegment Revenue ( 5.9 ) ( 6.5 ) Total Revenue $ 448.9 $ 435.8 The following table presents revenues disaggregated by contract type: Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 (dollars in millions) Network IT Services and Hardware Intersegment revenue Total Products and Services transferred at a point in time $ 5.6 $ 41.1 $ — $ 46.7 Products and Services transferred over time 240.1 162.1 — 402.2 Intersegment revenue 4.1 1.8 ( 5.9 ) — Total revenue $ 249.8 $ 205.0 $ ( 5.9 ) $ 448.9 Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 (dollars in millions) Network IT Services and Hardware Intersegment revenue Total Products and Services transferred at a point in time $ 7.4 $ 38.5 $ — $ 45.9 Products and Services transferred over time 231.2 158.7 — 389.9 Intersegment revenue 4.9 1.6 ( 6.5 ) — Total revenue $ 243.5 $ 198.8 $ ( 6.5 ) $ 435.8 |