Thor Industries (THO) 10-K2022 FY Annual report

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes  ☑    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes  ☐    No  ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to the filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☑    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☑    No  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

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Yes  ☐    No  ☑

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of January 31, 2022 was approximately $4.441 billion based on the closing price of the registrant’s common shares on January 31, 2022, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. Solely for the purpose of this calculation and for no other purpose, the non-affiliates of the registrant are assumed to be all shareholders of the registrant other than (i) directors of the registrant (ii) current executive officers of the registrant who are identified as “named executive officers” pursuant to Item 10 of the registrant’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021 and (iii) any shareholder that beneficially owns 10% or more of the registrant’s common stock. The exclusion of such persons is not intended, nor shall it be deemed, to be an admission that such persons are affiliates of the registrant. The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of September 15, 2022 was 53,676,962.

Documents incorporated by reference:

PART I

Unless otherwise indicated, all Dollar and Euro amounts are presented in thousands except per share data.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

General

Our European recreational vehicle operations include eight primary RV production locations producing numerous brands within Europe, including Buccaneer, Buerstner, Carado, Compass, CrossCamp, Dethleffs, Elddis, Eriba, Etrusco, Hymer, Laika, LMC, Niesmann+Bischoff, Sunlight and Xplore.

Acquisitions

Fiscal 2022

Airxcel

On September 1, 2021, the Company acquired Wichita, Kansas-based AirX Intermediate, Inc. (“Airxcel”). Airxcel manufactures a comprehensive line of high-quality component products which are sold primarily to original equipment RV manufacturers as well as consumers via aftermarket sales through dealers and retailers. Airxcel provides industry-leading products in recreational vehicle heating, cooling, ventilation, cooking, window coverings, sidewalls and roofing materials, among others. The final cash consideration for the Airxcel acquisition was $745,279, net of cash acquired, and was funded through a combination of cash-on-hand and $625,000 of borrowings from the Company's asset-based credit facility (“ABL”). In conjunction with the Airxcel acquisition, the Company expanded its existing ABL facility from $750,000 to $1,000,000, favorably amended certain terms of the agreement and extended the term of the ABL as discussed in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The interest rate provisions remained unchanged.

The Company acquired Airxcel as part of its long-term, strategic growth plan and the acquisition is expected to provide numerous benefits, including strengthening the RV supply chain, diversifying the Company's revenue sources and expanding Airxcel’s supply chain business in North America and Europe. Airxcel operates as an independent operation in the same manner as the Company's other subsidiaries.

Togo Group

During the third quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company acquired the remaining interest in Togo Group for $16,144 in cash, and as a result holds a 100% ownership interest in Togo Group as of July 31, 2022. The Togo Group was rebranded as Roadpass Digital in November 2021.

Fiscal 2021

Tiffin Group

On December 18, 2020, the Company closed on a Stock Purchase Agreement (“Tiffin Group SPA”) for the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of luxury motorized recreational vehicle manufacturer Tiffin Motorhomes, Inc., including fifth wheel towable recreational vehicle manufacturer Vanleigh RV, and certain other associated operating and supply companies, which primarily supply component parts and services to Tiffin Motorhomes, Inc. and Vanleigh RV (collectively, the “Tiffin Group”). Tiffin Group, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, owns the Tiffin Group. Tiffin Motorhomes, Inc. operates out of various locations in Alabama, while Vanleigh RV operates out of Mississippi.

The initial cash consideration for the acquisition of the Tiffin Group was approximately $300,000, subject to adjustment, and was funded through existing cash-on-hand as well as $165,000 in borrowings from the Company’s existing asset-based credit facility. The total cash consideration to be paid was subject to the final determination of the actual acquired net working capital, as defined in the Tiffin Group SPA, as of the close of business on December 18, 2020, which determination was finalized in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 and the final cash consideration for the Tiffin Group was $288,238, net of cash acquired.

The Tiffin Group operates as an independent operation in the same manner as the Company’s other recreational vehicle subsidiaries. The Tiffin Group's motorized operations are aggregated within the Company’s North American motorized recreational vehicle reportable segment and its towable operations are aggregated within the Company’s North American towable recreational vehicle reportable segment. The Company purchased the Tiffin Group to complement its existing motorized and towable RV product offerings and North American independent dealer base.

Fiscal 2020

Togo Group

Togo Group is managed as a stand-alone operating entity.

North American Recreational Vehicles

THOR, through its operating subsidiaries, is currently the largest manufacturer of RVs in North America, by units sold and revenue, based on retail statistics published by Statistical Surveys, Inc. and other reported data. Our North American operating subsidiaries are as follows:

Heartland

European Recreational Vehicles

THOR, through its Erwin Hymer Group (EHG) operating subsidiary, is a leading manufacturer of recreational vehicles in Europe, according to statistics published by the Caravaning Industry Association e.V. (“CIVD”) and the European Caravan Foundation (“ECF”).

EHG manufactures towable and motorized recreational vehicles, including motorcaravans, caravans, campervans and urban vehicles in eight primary RV production locations within Europe. EHG produces and sells numerous brands primarily within Europe, such as Buccaneer, Buerstner, Carado, Compass, CrossCamp, Dethleffs, Elddis, Eriba, Etrusco, Hymer, Laika, LMC, Niesmann+Bischoff, Sunlight and Xplore. In addition, EHG’s operations include other RV-related products and services.

Other

AirX Intermediate, Inc. (“Airxcel”) manufactures a comprehensive line of high-quality RV-related products which they sell primarily to RV original equipment manufacturers as well as consumers via aftermarket sales through dealers and retailers.

Postle Operating, LLC ("Postle") manufactures and sells aluminum extrusions and specialized component products to RV and other manufacturers.

Togo Group develops and markets innovative digital products and services that empower travelers to more easily own and maintain recreational vehicles, as well as discover, book, and navigate road trips. Togo Group operates digital consumer services under various names at July 31, 2022 including: Campendium, Overnight RV Parking, Roadpass, Roadtrippers, RVillage, and Togo RV. The Togo Group was rebranded as Roadpass Digital in November 2021.

Product Line Sales and Segment Information

The Company has three reportable segments: (1) North American Towable Recreational Vehicles, (2) North American Motorized Recreational Vehicles and (3) European Recreational Vehicles. The North American Towable Recreational Vehicles reportable segment consists of the following operating segments that have been aggregated: Airstream (towable), Heartland (including Cruiser RV and DRV), Jayco (including Jayco towable, Starcraft and Highland Ridge), Keystone (including CrossRoads and Dutchmen), KZ (including Venture RV) and Tiffin Group (Vanleigh RV). The North American Motorized Recreational Vehicles reportable segment consists of the following operating segments that have been aggregated: Airstream (motorized), Jayco (including Jayco motorized and Entegra Coach), Thor Motor Coach and Tiffin Group (Tiffin Motorhomes, Inc). The European Recreational Vehicles reportable segment consists solely of the EHG business. EHG manufactures a full line of motorized and towable recreational vehicles, including motorcaravans, campervans urban vehicles and caravans in eight RV production facilities within Europe.

The operations of the Company’s Airxcel, Postle and Togo Group subsidiaries are included in “Other,” which is a non-reportable segment. Net sales included in Other mainly relate to the sale of aluminum extrusions and specialized RV-component products. Intercompany eliminations adjust for Airxcel and Postle sales to the Company’s North American towable and North American motorized segments, which are consummated at established transfer prices generally consistent with the selling prices of such components to third-party customers.

Total assets include those assets used in the operation of each reportable and non-reportable segment, and the Corporate assets consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, deferred income taxes, deferred compensation plan assets and certain Corporate real estate holdings primarily utilized by certain U.S.-based operating subsidiaries.

The table below sets forth the contribution of each of the Company’s reportable segments to net sales in each of the last three fiscal years:

For additional information regarding our segments, see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recreational Vehicles

We manufacture a wide variety of recreational vehicles in the United States and Europe and sell those vehicles, as well as related parts and accessories, primarily to independent, non-franchise dealers throughout the United States, Canada and Europe. North American recreational vehicle classifications are based upon standards established by the RV Industry Association (“RVIA”). The principal types of recreational vehicles that we produce in North America include conventional travel trailers and fifth wheels as well as Class A, Class C and Class B motorhomes. In Europe, we produce numerous types of motorized and towable recreational vehicles, including motorcaravans, campervans, urban vehicles, caravans and other RV-related products and services.

Travel trailers are non-motorized vehicles which are designed to be towed by passenger automobiles, pickup trucks, SUVs or vans. Travel trailers provide comfortable, self-contained living facilities for camping, vacationing and multiple other purposes. Within North America we produce “conventional” and “fifth wheel” trailers. Conventional trailers are towed by means of a frame hitch attached to the towing vehicle. Fifth wheel trailers, designed to be towed by pickup trucks, are constructed with a raised forward section that is attached to a receiver in the bed area of the pickup truck.

A motorhome is a self-powered vehicle built on a motor vehicle chassis. Motorhomes are self-contained with their own lighting, heating, cooking, refrigeration, sewage holding and water storage facilities, so that they can be utilized without being attached to utilities.

Within North America, Class A motorhomes, generally constructed on medium-duty truck chassis, are supplied complete with engine and drivetrain components by motor vehicle manufacturers such as Ford, Freightliner and The Shyft Group. We design, manufacture and install the living area and driver’s compartment of Class A motorhomes. Class C and Class B motorhomes are generally built on a Ford, General Motors or Mercedes-Benz small truck or van chassis, which includes an engine, drivetrain components and a finished cab section. We construct a living area which has access to the driver’s compartment and attaches to the cab section. Although they are not designed for permanent or semi-permanent living, motorhomes can provide comfortable living facilities for camping, vacationing and multiple other purposes.

In Europe, a caravan is a travel trailer which is a non-motorized vehicle designed to be towed by passenger automobiles, SUVs or vans. Caravans provide comfortable, self-contained living facilities for camping, vacationing and multiple other purposes. In Europe, the focus is on light and small caravans that can even be towed by small passenger cars.

Motorcaravans are similar to the Class A and Class C motorized products in the North American market. Motorcaravans include various types, such as, integrated, semi-integrated and alcove, and are generally constructed on light duty truck chassis, supplied complete with engine and drivetrain components by chassis manufacturers such as Stellantis, Mercedes-Benz, Ford and Iveco. The main difference between European motorcaravans as compared to RVs in the North American market is that the focus in Europe is on lighter and smaller vehicles due to weight restrictions and driving license requirements.

An integrated motorcaravan contains driving and passenger space that is completely integrated into the vehicle, along with the living area, which creates a great feeling of openness. The driver/passenger and living areas are made of one compartment and form a single unit.

A semi-integrated motorcaravan is one whose cab (driver/passenger compartment) belongs to the chassis. This means that the existing driver/passenger area is complemented by an attached living area. As a result, the advantages of the basic vehicle are enhanced by mobile living.

An alcove motorcaravan is one where there is an additional sleeping space located above the driver’s cab. This superstructure is called an “alcove” and it comprises sleeping accommodations for two people. Behind the driver’s cab is an additional bedroom and a living space with basic equipment.

A campervan is comparable to the Class B motorhome in the North American market. They are generally built on a Stellantis, Mercedes-Benz or Ford panel van chassis which includes an engine, drivetrain components and a finished cab section. A constructed living area provides access to the driver’s compartment and attaches to the cab section. As they are smaller and more compact than typical motorhomes, a campervan has the advantage of being easier to maneuver and easier to park.

An urban vehicle is a multi-functional vehicle, similar to a minivan, is generally built on a Stellantis or Ford chassis and is mainly used as a family car but has a small removable kitchen and sitting area that can be converted into a sleeping area. Additionally, these vehicles are equipped with a pop-up roof to provide additional sleeping quarters.

In order to minimize finished inventory, our recreational vehicles in both North America and Europe are generally produced to dealer order. Our facilities are designed to provide efficient assembly-line manufacturing of products. In North America and Europe, capacity increases can generally be achieved relatively quickly and at relatively low cost, largely by acquiring, leasing, or building additional facilities and equipment and increasing the number of production employees. In North America, capacity decreases can generally be achieved relatively quickly and at relatively low cost, mainly by decreasing the number of production employees. In Europe, short-term capacity decreases can generally be achieved by adjusting work schedules and reducing the number of contract and temporary workers.

We purchase many of the components used in the production of our recreational vehicles in finished form. The principal raw materials used in the manufacturing processes for motorhomes, including motorcaravans, campervans and urban vehicles, and travel trailers, including caravans, are chassis, aluminum, lumber, plywood, plastic, fiberglass and steel purchased from numerous suppliers.

Our relationship with our chassis suppliers is similar to our other RV vendor relationships in that no long-term contractual commitments are entered into by either party. Historically, chassis manufacturers resort to an industry-wide allocation system during periods when chassis supply is restricted. These allocations are generally based on the volume of chassis previously purchased. While we are not dependent on any one supplier, we do depend on a consistent supply of chassis from a limited number of chassis suppliers. Sales of our motorized RV products, including motorhomes, motorcaravans, campervans and urban vehicles, rely on these chassis.

We continue to receive communications from North American and European chassis suppliers that due to a number of factors, including (1) supply constraints of key components that they require for the manufacturing of chassis, such as semiconductor chips and engines, (2) demand outpacing their production capacity, and (3) personnel shortages, their production of chassis will be limited. As a direct result, our production and sales of motorized RVs will be negatively impacted. The current chassis shortage is anticipated to continue throughout our fiscal 2023. It is currently extremely difficult to predict which chassis will be available from our various suppliers and in what quantities for which products, as modifying available chassis for certain motorized products to use for other products is not a viable alternative. This further negatively impacts our production schedule and cost structure as we try to balance our production and personnel staffing levels and schedules to the available chassis, often with short notice. The North American and European recreational vehicle industries have, from time to time in the past and during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022, experienced shortages of chassis for various reasons, including component shortages, production delays and work stoppages at the chassis manufacturers.

The North American and European RV industries are also facing continuing supply shortages or delivery delays of other, non-chassis, raw material components. While our supply chain has been resilient enough to support us during our recent growth in sales and production, these shortages and constraints have negatively impacted our ability to further increase production rates and sales, primarily of our motorized RV products, and has caused an increase in unfinished units as of July 31, 2022 compared to historical levels. We believe these raw material shortages and delays may continue to result in production delays or adjusted production rates, and could have a negative impact on our sales and earnings. If shortages of chassis or other component parts were to become more significant or longer term in nature, or if other factors were to impact our suppliers' ability to fully supply our needs for key components, our costs of such components and our production output could be adversely affected. Where possible, we continue to work closely with our suppliers on various supply chain strategies to minimize these constraints, and we continue to identify alternative suppliers.

This situation is fluid, with the items experiencing shortages changing frequently as disruptions caused by COVID-19 and other events are impacting the entire supply chain as well as the transportation of those items. If the supply constraints become more significant, longer term in nature or are not limited in scope; if industry demand increases faster than the suppliers can respond; or if other factors were to impact the suppliers’ ability to supply our production needs, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected. We are continuing to take proactive steps to limit the impact of these supply constraints and delays on our production and sales.

The geographic centrality of the North American RV industry in northern Indiana, where the majority of our facilities and many of our suppliers are located, could exacerbate supply chain and other COVID-19 related risks, should northern Indiana, or any of the other areas in which we, our suppliers or our customers operate, become disproportionately impacted by the pandemic or other factors.

Generally, our North American and European RV operating subsidiaries introduce new or improved lines or models of recreational vehicles each year. Changes typically include new sizes and floor plans, different decors or design features and engineering and technological improvements.

Seasonality

Historically, since recreational vehicles were used primarily by vacationers and campers, our recreational vehicle sales tended to be seasonal and, in most geographical areas, tended to be lower during the winter months than in other periods. As a result of being primarily used for vacations, our recreational vehicle sales were historically lowest during our second fiscal quarter, which ends on January 31 of each year. However, industry wholesale shipments in calendar 2021 and the first half of calendar 2022 did not follow typical historical seasonal patterns as we and dealers responded to the high consumer demand for RVs. We currently expect that our historical seasonal patterns will return in fiscal 2023 as dealer inventory levels and consumer demand become balanced.

We sell our recreational vehicles primarily to independent, non-franchise dealers located throughout the United States, Canada and Europe. Each of our recreational vehicle operating subsidiaries sells to its own network of independent dealers, with many dealers carrying more than one of our product lines, as well as products from other manufacturers. As of July 31, 2022, there were approximately 2,400 independent, non-franchise dealership locations carrying our products in the U.S. and Canada and approximately 1,100 dealership locations, of which two are Company-owned, carrying our products throughout Europe. We believe that the working relationships between the management and sales personnel of our operating entities and the independent dealers provide us with valuable information on customer preferences and the quality and marketability of our products.

Our European brands distribute their vehicles in Europe through dealer networks that offer various EHG brands covering all price segments in each region, avoiding brand overlap even in regions with two or more dealers that offer EHG brands. The European dealer base is comprised primarily of independent dealers, although EHG does operate two Company-owned dealerships. Approximately 45% of the independent European dealers sell EHG brands exclusively.

Each of our recreational vehicle operating subsidiaries has its own wholesale sales force that works directly with its independent dealers. Typically, there are wholesale shows held during the year in certain locations within the United States and Europe. These shows allow dealers to view new and existing products as well as place orders.

Historically, the most important retail sales events occur at various consumer recreational vehicle shows or trade fairs which take place throughout the year at different locations across the United States, Canada and Europe. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to limit its spread, most retail show sponsors and dealers cancelled these shows in calendar 2020 and calendar 2021. Since January 2022, however, many of these retail shows have returned and have been well attended, and in a number of cases even set attendance records. We believe that we, and our dealers, are better positioned now to reach existing and new RV consumers through a strategic combination of retail shows and digital marketing activities. We also benefit in the United States from the recreational vehicle awareness advertising and marketing programs sponsored by the RVIA in national print media and television.

In our selection of individual, independent dealers, we emphasize the dealer’s ability to maintain a sufficient inventory of our products, as well as their financial stability, credit worthiness, reputation, experience and ability to provide service to the end customer. Many dealers, particularly in North America, carry the recreational vehicle lines of one or more of our competitors. Generally, each of our recreational vehicle operating subsidiaries have separate dealer agreements.

One dealer, FreedomRoads, LLC, accounted for approximately 13.0% of our consolidated net sales in fiscal 2022 and for approximately 13.0% and 15.0% in fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, respectively. This dealer also accounted for approximately 10.0% of the Company’s consolidated trade accounts receivable at July 31, 2022 and approximately 15.0% at July 31, 2021.

We generally do not finance dealer purchases. Most dealers are financed on a “floor plan” basis by an unrelated bank or financing company, which lends the dealer all or substantially all of the wholesale purchase price and retains a security interest in the vehicles purchased. As is customary in the recreational vehicle industry, we will generally execute a repurchase agreement with a lending institution financing a dealer’s purchase of our products upon the lending institution’s request. Repurchase agreements provide that, typically for a period of up to 18 months after a unit is financed and in the event of default by the dealer and notification from the lending institution of the dealer default, we will repurchase all of the applicable or qualifying dealer units repossessed by the lending institution for the amount then due, which is often less than 100% of the dealer’s cost. The risk of loss under repurchase agreements is spread over numerous dealers and is further reduced by the resale value of the units which we would be required to repurchase. Based on current conditions, we believe that future losses under these agreements would not have a material adverse effect on our Company. The Company’s total commercial commitments under standby repurchase obligations on dealer inventory financing as of July 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021 were $4,308,524 and $1,821,012, respectively. The losses incurred due to repurchase were not material in fiscal 2022, 2021 or 2020.

Backlog

The backlogs for our North American towable, North American motorized and European recreational vehicle segments as of July 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021, respectively, were as follows:

The significant decrease in North American backlog was anticipated as we focused heavily during fiscal 2022 to increase production and sales in order to satisfy dealer orders existing at July 31, 2021. The record backlog level at July 31, 2021 was attributable to a number of causes, including high consumer demand, significant supply chain issues which lowered our production rates in fiscal 2021 as compared to demand and our production capacity, on-going COVID-19 impacts such as employee absenteeism and self-imposed safety protocols both of which lowered output and the low levels of independent North American and European RV dealer stocking inventory, all of which led to increased dealer orders and backlog.

Our North American backlog at July 31, 2022, while still somewhat elevated, is generally more in line with historical levels given improved dealer stocking inventory levels and anticipated future consumer demand. In addition, in line with historical practices, dealers with an adequate stocking level at July 31, 2022 are delaying orders until the RV Open House scheduled for late September 2022 when our U.S.-based operating units will introduce their new and enhanced models. The decrease in the European RV backlog is primarily due to the decrease in the current foreign exchange rate compared to the prior year, as well as product mix changes. At July 31, 2021 the exchange rate from Euro to U.S. dollars was 1.1891 while at July 31, 2022 the rate was 1.0198, a decrease of 14.2%.

Backlog represents unfilled dealer orders on a particular day which can and do fluctuate on a seasonal basis. The manufacturing time in the recreational vehicle business is relatively short. Barring any significant and longer-term material supply constraints, the existing backlogs of the North American towable, North American motorized and European recreational vehicle segments are expected to be filled in the remainder of calendar 2022 and calendar 2023.

In North America, we generally provide retail purchasers of our recreational vehicles with a one-year or two-year limited warranty against defects in materials and workmanship with longer warranties on certain structural components. In Europe, we generally offer a two-year limited warranty on certain structural components and up to a 12-year warranty against water leakage. The chassis and engines in our motorized RV products are generally warranted for various periods in excess of one year by their manufacturers.

Regulation

In the countries where we operate and our products are sold, we are subject to various vehicle safety and compliance standards. Within the United States, we are a member of the RVIA, a voluntary association of recreational vehicle manufacturers which promulgates recreational vehicle safety standards in the United States. We place an RVIA seal on each of our North American recreational vehicles to certify that the RVIA’s standards have been met. We also comply with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (“NHTSA”) in the U.S. and with similar standards within Canada and Europe as it relates to the safety of our products.

Governmental authorities in the regions in which we operate have various environmental control standards relating to air, water and noise pollution which affect our business and operations. For example, these standards, which are generally applicable to all companies, control our choice of paints, our air compressor discharge, the handling of our waste water and the noise emitted by our factories. We rely upon certifications obtained by chassis manufacturers with respect to compliance by our vehicles with applicable emission control standards.

Our plants are subject to and are periodically inspected by various governmental and industry agencies concerned with health and safety in the workplace to ensure that our plants and products comply with applicable governmental and industry standards. We believe that our products and facilities comply in all material respects with applicable vehicle safety (including those promulgated by NHTSA), environmental, industry, health, safety and other required regulations.

We do not believe that ongoing compliance with the existing regulations discussed above will have a material effect in the foreseeable future on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position. However, future developments in regulation and/or policy could impose significant challenges and costs upon our business operations.

Competition

The recreational vehicle industry is generally characterized by low barriers to entry. The recreational vehicle market is intensely competitive, with numerous other manufacturers selling products that compete directly with our products. We also compete against consumer demand for used recreational vehicles, particularly during periods of economic downturn, and against other forms of consumer leisure, outdoor or vacation spending priorities. We also experience a certain level of competition between our own operating subsidiaries. Increased activity in the market for used recreational vehicles may also impact manufacturers’ sales of new products and varies depending on the availability of, and the price differential of, used recreational vehicles compared to new units. Competition in the recreational vehicle industry is based upon price, design, value, quality and service. We believe that the price, design, value and quality of our products and the warranty coverage and service that we provide allow us to compete favorably for retail purchasers of recreational vehicles and consumer leisure spending. There are approximately 80 RV manufacturers in the U.S. and Canada, according to RVIA and approximately 30 RV manufacturers across Europe according to Caravaning Industry Association e.V. (“CIVD”).

Our primary RV competitors within the North American towable and motorized segments are Forest River, Inc. and Winnebago Industries, Inc. We are the largest recreational vehicle manufacturer in North America in terms of both units sold and revenue. According to Statistical Surveys, Inc., for the six months ended June 30, 2022, THOR’s current combined U.S. and Canadian market share based on unit retail sales was approximately 41.9% for travel trailers and fifth wheels combined and approximately 49.4% for motorhomes.

Our primary RV competitors within the European segment are Trigano, Hobby/Fendt, Knaus Tabbert and various vehicle manufacturers. According to CIVD, EHG’s current European market share for the six months ended June 30, 2022 based on unit retail sales was approximately 21.8% for motorcaravans and campervans combined and approximately 18.0% for caravans.

Trademarks and Patents

We have registered United States trademarks, Canadian trademarks, German trademarks and certain other international trademarks and licenses carrying the principal trade names and model lines under which our products are marketed. We hold and protect certain patents related to our business. We are not dependent upon any patents or technology licenses of others for the conduct of our business.

Human Capital Resources

Since our founding in 1980, we have been dedicated to our key principles of operating fairly and ethically, with stewardship and transparency, under our core values of community, compassion, trustworthiness and adventure. We believe in the invigorating power of human connection and commit to our team members by teaching our leaders how to nurture, guide and foster strong relationships with them. We treat others with dignity and respect, practicing thankfulness and gratitude. We strive to operate in a way that our word is trusted, and we are committed to providing a safe work environment for our team members while empowering them to seize opportunities around them and give them avenues to grow and learn.

At July 31, 2022, we employed approximately 32,000 full-time employees worldwide, including approximately 23,000 full-time employees in the United States, of which approximately 2,800 were salaried, and approximately 9,000 full-time employees in Europe, of which approximately 2,400 were salaried. As of July 31, 2022, fewer than 200 of our North American employees were represented by certified labor organizations. Within our European-based operations, we are subject to employee contracts, Works Councils and certain labor organizations. We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees.

Our Company and operating subsidiaries share a global commitment to all of our stakeholders to foster an inclusive workplace where dignity and respect for team members are encouraged and where each team member is supported to achieve their maximum potential. We believe that the performance of our Company is significantly impacted by our human capital management, and, as a result, we consistently strive to attract, select, engage, develop and retain strong, diverse talent as summarized below.

THOR is made up of a number of subsidiaries located in various regions within the United States and Europe, each of which operates independently with its own unique culture. As such, compensation and benefits are tailored to meet the specific needs and expectations of the employees at each of our subsidiaries with the goal of attracting and retaining the best talent. At all subsidiaries, we offer competitive pay, health insurance plans, company-paid life insurance and paid-time off. Other benefits offered include a pay-for-performance bonus structure, group and individual life insurance and plans to assist our employees for their retirement.

Team Member Safety and Wellness

THOR is committed to the health and safety of every team member. We maintain a robust safety culture to reduce workplace injuries, supported by effective communication, reporting and external benchmarking. Within each of our manufacturing and distribution facilities, in both North America and Europe, we have site-specific safety and environmental plans designed to reduce risk. All of our sites follow safety laws and regulations, and all accidents, injuries or unsafe equipment, practices, or conditions are required to be reported to management immediately and are reviewed to determine if additional safety measures are warranted.

The health and wellness of our employees are top priorities for THOR. Our Corporate office and subsidiaries offer standard medical, vision and dental programs as well as various programs to further address the needs of our employees. For example, all THOR North American team members have access to the Employee Assistance Program ("EAP") where they can receive up to five free sessions to assist with counseling needs, personal and/or work-related concerns. Our EAP services are designed to help provide support for team members who are navigating life issues.

Our response to the COVID-19 global pandemic further illustrates our commitment to the health, wellness and safety of our team members. To support our employees, communities and other stakeholders, we make employee safety our top priority, following protocols that align with governmental authorities and health organizations, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and throughout fiscal year 2022, THOR has taken numerous, stringent companywide measures to protect our workforce from COVID-19, including, but not limited to, robust cleaning and disinfecting protocols, no actual or implied penalties for those team members feeling ill and staying home, detailed contact tracing for those who may have been exposed and updating protocols and procedures when new information became available.

We strive to have an inclusive culture and diverse workforce, reflective of the communities in which our individual operating companies are located. We believe attracting and retaining talented and diverse employees will enable us to be more innovative and responsive to consumer needs and deliver strong sustained performance and growth. Our Corporate office DE&I Committee has focused on three main areas of Recruitment, Culture and Community Partnerships. These initiatives were identified to strengthen our inclusive culture by identifying innovative ways to attract talent, creating an inclusive corporate workplace and focusing on building strong partnerships with organizations in our community who serve diverse populations.

Each year, THOR conducts training with certain employees, based on their role and level in the organization, on its business ethics policy. Providing our team members with resources to help make good decisions through an ethics program cultivates strong teamwork and productivity. Issues can be communicated anonymously using our multilingual third-party hotline via phone, email or online inquiry systems. Every report is investigated and, if warranted, corrective actions are taken or implemented. THOR protects team members, who report issues, from any retaliation.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes certain statements that are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements are made based on management’s current expectations and beliefs regarding future and anticipated developments and their effects upon THOR, and inherently involve uncertainties and risks. These forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance. We cannot assure you that actual results will not differ materially from our expectations. Factors which could cause materially different results include, among others:

These and other risks and uncertainties are discussed more fully in Item 1A Risk Factors below.

We disclaim any obligation or undertaking to disseminate any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or to reflect any change in our expectations after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any statement is based, except as required by law.

Available Information

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The following risk factors should be considered carefully in addition to the other information contained in this filing.

The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face and represent risks that our management believes are material to our Company and our business. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem not material may also harm our business. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be harmed.

OPERATIONAL RISKS

We depend on timely and sufficient delivery of components from our suppliers. Many components are readily available from a variety of sources. However, certain key components are currently produced by only a small group of suppliers that have the capacity to supply large quantities, primarily: 1) motorized chassis, where there are a limited number of chassis suppliers, and 2) windows and doors, towable frames and slide-out mechanisms, axles and upholstered furniture for our recreational vehicles, where LCI Industries is a major supplier for these items within the North American RV industry. The remaining components are sourced from a number of suppliers, that may not have 1) the ability to meet our needs timely or completely, 2) the financial reserves or borrowing power to successfully manage through an economic hardship or 3) the ability to financially support potential warranty or recall demands. Additionally, some of our suppliers have in the past discontinued, or could in the future discontinue, their business with little to no warning. If our Company is not adequately sourced for certain components, the discontinuation of even some smaller suppliers could have an adverse effect on our business.

During the last two years, a number of our North American and European chassis suppliers have experienced supply constraints of key components that they require to manufacture chassis, including semiconductor chips, which has limited their production of chassis. The reduced supply of chassis has negatively impacted our production rates and sales of motorized RVs, particularly in Europe. The North American and European recreational vehicle industries are currently and have from time to time in the past, experienced shortages of chassis for various other reasons, including component shortages, production delays, and capacity constraints including labor and work stoppages at the chassis manufacturers. Shortages of motorized chassis and unpredictable production levels and deliveries of chassis to our production facilities have had a negative impact on our results of operations in fiscal 2022 and in the recent past as we incurred additional labor and overhead costs in addition to missed sales as a result of our inability to meet customer demand. Based on communications from our chassis suppliers, we anticipate the supply constraints of chassis and certain other components to continue through fiscal 2023.

Continued consolidation within our major supplier base may also inhibit our ability to source components from alternative suppliers and could result in increased component costs, which may result in decreased margins or higher wholesale product costs, which could, ultimately, result in decreased demand for our products and adversely impact our sales and operating results.

In addition, certain RV components are sourced from countries where we do not currently have operations. Changes in trade policy and resulting tariffs that have or may be imposed, along with port, production or other delays, have, in the past, and could, again in the future, cause increased costs for, or shortages of, certain RV components or sub-components. We may not be able to source alternative supplies as necessary without increased costs or at all. If alternative sources of these components are not readily available, our sales and earnings could be negatively affected.

Finally, as is standard in the industry, our arrangements with chassis and other suppliers are generally terminable at any time either by us or by the supplier. If we cannot obtain an adequate supply of chassis or other key components, this would result in a decrease in our sales and earnings.

Raw material prices have fluctuated significantly in the past and may continue to fluctuate considerably in the future. Competition and business conditions may limit the amount or timing of cost increases that can be passed on to our customers in the form of increased sales prices. Conversely, as raw material costs decline, we may not be able to maintain selling prices consistent with higher-cost raw materials in our inventory, which could adversely affect our operating results.

Additionally, our business depends on our ability to source raw materials and components in a timely and cost-efficient manner. Recently, certain raw materials and components that are used in manufacturing our products, have become unavailable, interrupted or delayed. We also rely on the free flow of goods through open and operational ports on a consistent basis for a portion of our raw materials and components. Adverse political conditions, trade embargoes, increased tariffs or import duties, inclement weather, natural disasters, public health crises, war, terrorism or labor disputes adversely impacting our supply chain create significant risks for our business, particularly if these conditions or disputes result in work slowdowns, lockouts, strikes, facility closures, supply chain interruptions, or other disruptions, and would have an adverse impact on our operating results if we are unable to fulfill customer orders or are required to accumulate excess inventory as safety stock or find alternate sources of supply, if available, at higher costs.

Combined sales from the United States to foreign countries (predominately Canada) and sales from our foreign subsidiaries to countries other than the U.S. (predominately within the European Union) represent approximately 25.0% of THOR’s consolidated sales for fiscal 2022. These non-U.S. sales create the potential for numerous risks which could negatively impact our financial operating results, including foreign currency effects, tariffs, customs duties, inflation, difficulties in enforcing agreements and collecting receivables through foreign legal systems, compliance with international laws, treaties, and regulations, and unexpected changes in regulatory or tax environments, disruptions in supply or distribution, dependence on foreign personnel and various employee work agreements, foreign governmental action, as well as economic and social instability. In addition, there may be tax inefficiencies in repatriating cash from non-U.S. subsidiaries or unfavorable tax law changes.

Global political uncertainty poses risks of volatility in global markets, which could negatively affect our operations and financial results. Changes in U.S. policy regarding foreign trade or manufacturing may create negative sentiment about the U.S. among non-U.S. dealers, end customers, employees, or prospective employees, all of which could adversely affect our business, sales, hiring and employee retention. If we are unable to anticipate and effectively manage these and other risks of operating in and selling into foreign jurisdictions, our international operations and our business as a whole could be materially and adversely affected.

Our U.S.-based subsidiaries have expenses and sales denominated in U.S. dollars. Sales by our U.S.-based subsidiaries into the Canadian market are subject to currency risk as devaluation of the Canadian dollar versus the U.S. dollar may negatively impact U.S.-dollar denominated sales into Canada. With the acquisition of EHG, we have Euro-denominated expenses, sales and assets which are subject to changes in the Euro and U.S. dollar currency exchange rate. To offset a portion of this currency risk, the acquisition was partially funded through a Euro-denominated Term Loan B, which provides an economic hedge. The U.S. dollar strengthened against the Euro during fiscal year 2022 which adversely affected our reported revenues and our profitability. Continued fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates in the future could have a material effect on our revenues and results of operations.

A key driver in our historical performance and growth is our ability to maintain our strong brands and to continuously develop and introduce innovative new and improved products at a reasonable cost that are desired by consumers. To successfully execute our long-term strategy, we believe we must continue to develop and successfully market our existing products as well as new products, including lightweight motorized and towable recreational vehicles, electric recreational vehicles with sufficient user range capability and innovative services that enrich the end users RV experience. Our initiatives to invest in the future of the RV industry including automation of certain of our production processes and investments in new product and service innovation may be costly and may not be successful. The uncertainties associated with developing and introducing innovative new and improved products and services, such as gauging changing consumer demands and preferences and successfully developing, manufacturing, marketing and selling these products, may impact the success of our product introductions. If the products we introduce do not gain widespread acceptance, or if our competitors improve their products more rapidly or effectively than we do, we could lose sales or be required to reduce our prices, which could adversely impact our results of operations and financial position. In addition, there is no guarantee that our innovation or automation efforts will lead to products or services that will be introduced to market or that an initial product or service concept or design will result in a unit that generates sales in sufficient quantities and at high enough prices to be profitable.

If we do not timely, effectively and accurately predict or identify and respond to changing consumer preferences, including a continued shift in consumer desire for connected vehicles with a focus on ease of use and a high-quality customer experience, the demand for our products could also be reduced and our results of operations and financial position could be adversely affected.

Our products contain thousands of parts, many of which are supplied by a network of approved vendors. Our production processes are complex, subject to periodic changes and rely heavily on skilled labor. As with all of our competitors, defects may occur in our products or components within our products, including components purchased from our vendors. Failure to detect defects in our products, including defects in vendor-supplied parts, could result in lost revenue, increased warranty and related costs and harm to our reputation. We cannot be certain that we will detect all such defects prior to distribution of our products. In addition, although we endeavor to compel our suppliers to maintain appropriate levels of insurance coverage, we cannot be certain that, if a defect in a vendor-supplied part were to occur, the vendor would have the ability to financially rectify the defect. Unexpected engineering or design flaws have resulted in recalls and increased warranty claims in the past and could be incurred in the future. In addition, government safety standards require manufacturers to remedy defects related to product safety through safety recall campaigns, and a manufacturer is obligated to recall products if it determines that the products do not comply with a safety standard. The cost of recall and customer satisfaction actions to remedy defects in products that have been sold could be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our earnings and harm our reputation.

Estimated warranty costs are accounted for at the time of product sale, and adjusted on a quarterly basis, to reflect our best estimate of the amounts necessary to settle future and existing claims on products. An increase in actual warranty claim costs as compared to our estimates could result in increased warranty liabilities and expense which could have an adverse impact on our earnings.

We are subject, in the ordinary course of business, to litigation involving product liability and other claims against us, including, without limitation, wrongful death, personal injury and warranties. In North America, we generally self-insure a portion of our product liability and certain other claims and also purchase product liability and other insurance in the commercial insurance market. In Europe, we generally fully insure similar risks with insurance offering relatively low deductibles or premiums. Not all risks which we face may be covered by insurance nor can we be certain that our insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover all future claims against us. Any material change in the aforementioned factors could have an adverse impact on our operating results. Any increase in the frequency and size of claims, as compared to our experience in prior years, may cause the premium that we are required to pay for insurance to increase significantly and may negatively impact future self-insured retention levels. It may also increase the amounts we pay in punitive damages, not all of which are covered by our insurance policies.

In accordance with customary practice in the recreational vehicle industry, upon the request of a lending institution financing an independent dealer’s purchase of our products, we will generally execute a repurchase agreement with the lending institution. Repurchase agreements provide that, typically for a period of up to 18 months after a recreational vehicle is financed and in the event of default by the dealer, we will repurchase the recreational vehicle repossessed by the lending institution for the amount then due, which is usually less than 100% of the dealer’s cost. In addition to the obligations under these repurchase agreements, we may also be required to repurchase inventory relative to dealer terminations in certain states in accordance with state laws or regulatory requirements.

The difference between the gross repurchase price and the price at which the repurchased product can then be resold, which is typically at a discount to the original sale price, is an expense to us. Thus, if we are obligated to repurchase a substantial number of recreational vehicles, or incur substantial discounting to resell these units in the future, we would incur increased costs and our profit margins and results of operations would be negatively affected. In difficult economic times, this amount could increase significantly compared to recent years.

We distribute all of our North American and the majority of our European products through a system of independent, non-franchise authorized dealers, many of whom sell products from competing manufacturers. As of July 31, 2022, we distributed product to approximately 2,400 independent dealerships in the United States and approximately 1,100 independent dealerships in Europe. We operate two dealerships in Europe. We depend on the capability of these independent dealers to develop and implement effective retail sales plans to create demand among retail consumers for the products that the dealers purchase from us. If our independent dealers are not successful in these endeavors, then we may be unable to maintain or grow our revenues and meet our financial expectations. The geographic coverage of our independent dealers and their individual business conditions can affect the ability of our independent dealers to sell our products to consumers. If our independent dealers are unsuccessful, they may exit or be forced to exit the business or, in some cases, we may seek to terminate relationships with certain dealerships. As a result, we could face additional adverse consequences related to the termination of independent dealer relationships. For example, the unplanned loss of any of our independent dealers could lead to inadequate market coverage of our products. In addition, recent consolidation of independent dealers, as well as the growth of large, multi-location dealers, may result in increased bargaining power on the part of independent dealers.

Given the independent nature of dealers, they generally maintain control over which manufacturers, and which brands, they will do business with, often carrying more than one manufacturer’s products. Independent dealers can, and do, change the brands and manufacturers they sell. If our products are not perceived by the independent dealers as being desirable and profitable for them to carry, the dealers may terminate their relationship with our operating subsidiaries or may drop certain of our brands, which would in turn adversely affect our sales and profit margins if we are unable to replace those dealers.

In the United States and Canada, our products are generally delivered to our independent dealers via a system of independent transportation contractors. The network of carriers is limited and, in times of high demand and limited availability, we have experienced in the past, and could face again, the disruption of our distribution channel. The network of carriers and their ability to deliver units to certain locations was initially negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic due to driver concerns, border crossing restrictions and vaccination requirements. If the COVID-19 pandemic worsens, or future health emergencies emerge in the regions in which we operate or sell our products, the transportation contractors may have difficulty finding drivers who are willing to deliver in those regions, or governmental agencies or other actors may restrict movement of goods in those regions. The inability to timely deliver our products to our independent dealers could adversely effect our relationships with those dealers and negatively impact our sales and net income.

Sales to FreedomRoads, LLC accounted for approximately 13.0% of our consolidated net sales for fiscal 2022. During recent years, FreedomRoads, LLC has acquired a number of formerly independent RV dealerships. The leverage to negotiate better terms with us arising from FreedomRoads, LLC’s acquisitions or the loss of independent dealers could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, deterioration in the liquidity or credit worthiness of FreedomRoads, LLC could negatively impact our sales and accounts receivable and could trigger repurchase obligations under our repurchase agreements.

Recently, a number of other U.S.-based independent dealers have acquired, and continue to acquire, formerly independent RV dealerships, resulting in further independent dealer concentration and improved negotiating leverage for these multi-location dealers. Continued consolidation in the U.S. independent dealer network could negatively impact our sales or gross margins and increase the concentration of our exposure under repurchase obligations related to independent dealers.

Our success depends on the existence of an available, qualified workforce to manufacture our products and on our ability to continue to recruit and retain talented and diverse hourly and salaried employees. Competition for such employees is intense in the areas where we operate, particularly during periods of high industry demand, and could require us to pay higher wages to attract and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees. We cannot be certain that we will be able to attract and retain qualified employees to meet current or future manufacturing needs at a reasonable cost, or at all. In addition to compensation considerations, potential employees are placing an increasing premium on various intangibles, such as working for companies with a clear purpose, flexible work arrangements, and other considerations. If we are not perceived as an employer of choice, we may be unable to recruit and retain highly skilled employees. Further, if we lose existing employees with needed skills or we are unable to upskill and develop existing employees, particularly with the introduction of new technologies, it could have a substantial adverse effect on our business.

We also rely upon the knowledge, experience and skills of our executive management and key operating company management employees to compete effectively in our business and manage our operations. Our future success depends on, among other factors, our ability to attract and retain executive management and key leadership level personnel and upon the departure of such key employees the existence of adequate succession plans. The loss of our executive management or other key employees could have a material adverse effect on us in the event that our succession plans prove inadequate.

Our European-based operations are subject to employee contracts, Works Councils and certain labor organizations, and a small number of our North American employees are currently represented by a labor union. Any disruption in our relationships with these third-party associations could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain qualified employees to meet current or future manufacturing needs at a reasonable cost, or at all. Additional unionization of any of our North American facilities could result in higher costs and increased risk of work stoppages. We also are, directly or indirectly, dependent upon companies with unionized work forces, such as parts suppliers, chassis suppliers and trucking and freight companies, and work stoppages or strikes organized by such unions could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, or operating results. If a work stoppage occurs, it could delay the manufacture, sale and distribution of our products and have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, operating results, or financial condition.

MACROECONOMIC, MARKET AND STRATEGIC RISKS

Industry sales volume in any of our key markets can be volatile and could decline if there is a financial crisis, recession or significant geopolitical event. Our results of operations are generally sensitive to changes in overall economic and political conditions, including recessionary conditions, inflationary or deflationary pressures, prolonged high unemployment rates, significant changes in the cost and/or availability of fuel or energy, low consumer confidence, higher interest rates, restrictions and/or shortages of natural gas, terrorism and military conflicts. In times of economic uncertainty, consumers may have less discretionary income and may defer spending on high-cost, discretionary products such as RVs which may in turn adversely affect our financial performance. Although the RV industry has experienced increased sales and operating results as a result of the unique consumer demand for recreational vehicles since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, more recently we have seen demand for RVs decrease amid high inflation, rising interest rates, political uncertainty and numerous other macroeconomic indices which have worsened in the regions in which we operate.

The recreational vehicle industry is generally characterized by relatively low barriers to entry which results in a highly competitive business environment. Competition within the industry is based upon price, design, value, quality, service, brand awareness and reputation as well as other factors. Competitive pressures have, from time to time, resulted in a reduction of our profit margins and/or a reduction in our market share. Sustained increases in these competitive pressures could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

According to RVIA and CIVD, respectively, there are approximately 80 RV manufacturers in the U.S. and Canada and approximately 30 RV manufacturers across Europe. We may face increased price competition or reduction in demand for our products resulting from excess industry capacity, competitive actions or other factors. Not only does our Company compete against numerous existing recreational vehicle manufacturers, but a number of our operating subsidiaries compete with each other. Additionally, due to the robust interest in the RV lifestyle, a number of start-up companies in North America, and certain automotive manufacturers, in both North America and Europe, have entered the RV industry with the introduction of products that directly compete with our products. If existing or new competitors develop products that are superior to, more innovative than, achieve better consumer acceptance than, or are offered at a lower net price to dealers than our products, our market share, sales volume and profit margins may be adversely affected.

In addition to direct competition from other RV manufacturers, we also compete against consumer demand for used recreational vehicles, particularly during periods of economic downturn. Increased availability of used recreational vehicles and significant price differences between new and used recreational vehicles, as a result of an economic downturn or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on demand for our products and our results of operations.

Finally, we also face competition from other consumer leisure, discretionary and vacation spending alternatives, such as cruises, vacation homes, timeshares and other traditional vacations along with other recreational products like boats and motorcycles. Changes in actual or perceived value among these alternatives by consumers could impact our future sales volume and profitability.

We cannot be certain that historical consumer preferences for recreational vehicles in general, and our products in particular, will remain consistent. Recreational vehicles are generally used for recreational purposes, and demand for our products may be adversely affected by competition from other activities that occupy consumers’ leisure time and by changes in consumer lifestyle, usage pattern or taste. Changes in the value consumers ascribe to the relative or perceived safety, cost, availability and comfort of recreational vehicles as compared to other modes of travel, such as car, cruise ships, air or rail travel could impact demand for our products. Additionally, while our products are offered at a variety of price points, if our products are determined by dealers or consumers not to be priced competitively, especially compared to our competitors' products or to other available leisure-time activities, our sales may be adversely impacted. Similarly, an overall decrease in consumer leisure time may reduce consumers’ willingness to purchase our products.

Consumer preferences in vehicles, automotive manufacturers' responses to those preferences and governmental mandates could also result in changes in consumer preferences for recreational vehicles or the types of recreational vehicles consumers prefer. These changes could include shifts to smaller vehicles, electric vehicles, autonomous vehicles or other currently unanticipated changes.

Our ability to remain competitive depends heavily on our ability to provide a continuing and timely introduction of innovative product offerings to the market. Delays in the introduction or market acceptance of new models, designs or product features could have a material adverse effect on our business. Products may not be accepted for a number of reasons, including changes in consumer preferences or our failure to properly gauge consumer preferences and changes to RV retail demographics. Further, we cannot be certain that new product introductions will not reduce revenues from existing models and adversely affect our results of operations. Finally, our competitors’ new products may obtain better market acceptance or render our products obsolete, and/or new technological advances could disrupt our industry, which could negatively affect our financial results.

The RV industry has historically been characterized by cycles of growth and contraction in consumer demand, reflecting prevailing economic and demographic conditions, which affect disposable income for leisure-time activities. Consequently, the results of any prior period may not be indicative of results for any future period.

In addition, we have experienced in the past, and expect to experience in future periods, significant variability in quarterly sales, production rates and net income as a result of annual seasonality in our business. Since recreational vehicles are used primarily by vacationers and campers, historically, demand in the recreational vehicle industry generally declines during the fall and winter months, while sales and profits are generally highest during the spring and summer months. Various factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, constraints in the labor pool and supply chain disruptions, have disrupted, and may disrupt in the future, the historical trends in the seasonality of our business in both North America and Europe.

Our business is structured to quickly align production rates and cost structure to meet fast changing market conditions. However, if we are not able to ramp production up or down quickly enough in response to rapid changes in demand, we may not be able to effectively manage our costs, which could negatively impact operating results, and we may lose sales and market share.

Our strategic plan guides activities such as our utilization of available cash, prioritization of capital expenditures, acquisition activity, innovation and automation activities, level of debt, pace of debt repayment, timing and extent of new debt and extent of dividend or share repurchases. Based on market conditions, opportunities and perceived risks, we could change, alter or reprioritize our investment and allocation strategies or other facets of our strategic plan. These changes, or our failure to successfully implement our strategic plan, could materially impact our overall business including future operating results, cost structure, debt structure or liquidity.

Significant changes in market liquidity conditions and changes in our credit ratings could impact our access to future funding, if needed, and funding costs, which could negatively impact our earnings and cash flows. If general economic conditions deteriorate or capital markets are volatile, future funding, if needed, could be unavailable or insufficient. A debt crisis, particularly in the United States or Europe, could negatively impact currencies, global financial markets, social and political stability, funding sources, availability and costs, asset and obligation values, customers, suppliers, demand for our products and our operations and financial results. Financial market conditions could also negatively impact dealer or retail customer access to capital for purchases of our products and consumer confidence and purchase decisions.

Generally, independent recreational vehicle dealers finance their purchases of inventory with financing provided by lending institutions. A decrease in the availability of this type of wholesale financing, more restrictive lending practices or an increase in the cost of such wholesale financing could limit or prevent independent dealers from carrying adequate levels of inventory, which may limit product offerings and could lead to reduced demand for our products. Two major floor plan financial institutions held approximately 62% of our products' portion of our independent dealers’ total floored dollars outstanding at July 31, 2022. In the event that either of these lending institutions limit or discontinue dealer financing, we could experience a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Substantial or sudden increases in interest rates and decreases in the general availability of credit have had an adverse impact on our independent dealers and therefore on our business and results of operations in the past and may do so in the future. Further, a decrease in availability of consumer credit resulting from unfavorable economic conditions, or an increase in the cost of consumer credit, may cause consumers to reduce discretionary spending which could, in turn, reduce demand for our products and negatively affect our sales and profitability.

As of July 31, 2022, total gross outstanding debt was $1,799,911, consisting of $1,124,209 outstanding on our term loan facility, $100,000 on our ABL, $500,000 of Senior Unsecured Notes due October 15, 2029 and $75,702 outstanding on other debt facilities. We must make mandatory prepayments of principal under the term loan agreement upon the occurrence of certain specified events, including certain asset sales, debt issuance and receipt of annual cash flows in excess of certain amounts. Our level of debt impacts our profit before tax and cash flows as a result of the interest expense and periodic debt and interest payments. In addition, our debt level could limit our ability to raise additional capital, if necessary, or increase borrowing costs on future debt, and may have the effect, among other things, of reducing our flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions, requiring us to use a portion of our cash flows to repay indebtedness and placing us at a disadvantage compared to competitors with lower debt obligations.

Our ability to make payments on our indebtedness depends on our ability to generate cash in the future. If we do not generate sufficient cash flows to meet our debt service, capital investment and working capital requirements, we may need to fund those requirements with additional borrowings from the ABL, reduce or cease our payments of dividends, reduce our level of capital investment and/or working capital or we may need to seek additional financing or sell assets.

Availability under the ABL agreement is subject to a borrowing base calculated based on a percentage of applicable eligible receivables and eligible inventory. As such, we may not have full access to our current ABL availability based on the actual borrowing base calculation at any future period.

Furthermore, our credit facilities contain certain provisions that may limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and our industry, including provisions impacting, among other items, our ability to:

The impact of actual or potential public health emergencies, epidemics or pandemics on the Company, our suppliers, our independent dealers and customers, and the general economy could be wide-ranging and significant, depending on the nature of the issue, governmental action taken in response and public reaction. The impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic is continuing and includes illness, quarantines, reduced attendance of certain events and travel disruptions, reduction in certain economic activity and ongoing supply chain interruptions, which collectively have caused significant disruptions to global economies and financial markets, as well as the RV industry.

The continuing potential of localized outbreaks, the emergence of variants, the direct or indirect impact of the pandemic on our supply chain or other continuations of the pandemic, as well as the actions taken to contain the spread of the virus by various governmental entities or other actors in the areas in which we operate, sell our products or source materials for use in our manufacturing processes may have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition in future periods. The future severity of the COVID-19 pandemic is difficult to predict and ever-evolving. The pandemic continues to impact our business in numerous ways, including but not limited to those outlined below:

REGULATORY, LEGAL, CYBERSECURITY AND COMPLIANCE RISKS

We obtain motorized chassis from a number of different chassis suppliers who are required to comply with strict emission standards. As governmental agencies revise those standards, the chassis manufacturers must comply within the timeframes established. Uncertainties created by continued emission standards compliance requirements or the adoption of revised emission standards include the ability of the chassis manufacturer to comply with such standards on a timely and ongoing basis as well as the ability to produce sufficient quantities of compliant chassis to meet our demand. In the past, certain chassis manufacturers have experienced difficulties in meeting one or both of these requirements. In addition, revisions to chassis by the suppliers often impact our engineering and production processes and may result in increased chassis or other costs to us.

Our operations and certain products we sell are subject to rules limiting emissions and other climate related regulations in certain jurisdictions where we operate or sell our products. Concerns regarding climate change at numerous levels of government in various jurisdictions may lead to additional and potentially more stringent international, national, regional and local legislative and regulatory responses, and compliance with any new rules could be difficult and costly.

Climate change regulation combined with public sentiment could result in reduced demand for our products, higher energy and fuel prices or carbon taxes, limitations on where we can produce or sell our products, limitations on where our products can be used or other restrictions or costs, all of which could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Recently, more attention is being directed towards publicly-traded companies regarding environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters. A failure, or perceived failure, to achieve stated goals, respond to regulatory requirements or meet investor or customer expectations related to ESG concerns could cause harm to our business and reputation. For example, our RV products are powered by gasoline and diesel engines or are required to be towed by gasoline or diesel-powered vehicles. Government, media or activist pressure to limit emissions could negatively impact consumers’ perceptions of our products which could have a material adverse effect on our business, and the actions taken by governments and other actors to reduce emissions could impose costs that could materially affect our results of operation and financial condition.

Organizations that provide information to investors on corporate governance and other matters have developed rating systems for evaluating companies on their approach to ESG. Unfavorable ESG ratings may lead to negative investor sentiment which could have a negative impact on our stock price.

Our business relies on information systems and other technology (“information systems”) to support aspects of our global business operations, including but not limited to, procurement, supply chain management, manufacturing, design, distribution, invoicing and collection of payments. We also use information systems to accumulate, analyze and report our operational results. In connection with our use of information systems, we obtain, create and maintain confidential and personal information. Additionally, we rely upon information systems in our marketing and communication efforts. Due to our reliance on our information systems, we have established various levels of security, backup and disaster recovery procedures. Despite our security measures and business continuity plans, our information technology systems may be vulnerable to damage, disruption or shutdowns caused by cyber-attacks, including state-sponsored attacks, computer viruses, malware (including “ransomware”), phishing attacks or breaches due to errors or malfeasance by employees and others who have access, or gain access, to these systems. The occurrence of any of these events could compromise the confidentiality, operational integrity and accessibility of these systems and the data that resides within them and our business processes and operations may be negatively impacted in the event of a substantial or prolonged disruption of service caused by such events.

The methods and technologies used to obtain unauthorized access to our information systems are constantly changing and may be difficult to anticipate as are laws and regulations concerning data protection and privacy. While we have implemented and regularly review robust security measures and processes designed to prevent and detect unauthorized access to our information systems, we may not be able to anticipate and effectively prevent unauthorized access or data loss in the future. The misuse, leakage, unauthorized access or falsification of information could result in a violation of privacy laws, including the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") and laws applicable in North America and the United States, and damage to our reputation which could, in turn, have a significant, negative impact on our results of operations, as a result of fines, remediation costs or other direct or indirect ramifications.

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Our domestic and international tax liabilities are dependent upon the location of earnings among, and the applicable tax rates in, these different jurisdictions. Tax rates in various jurisdictions in which we operate or sell our products may increase as a means of funding the significant cost of governmental stimulus measures enacted to assist and protect individuals and businesses impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic or to fund other governmental programs. The United States or other governmental authorities may adjust tax rates, impose new income taxes or indirect taxes, or revise interpretations of existing tax rules and regulations. Further, the outcome of future elections and the associated political party with power to enact legislation could make tax increases more likely and more severe.

Our estimated effective income tax rate could also be affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in statutory rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities or changes in tax laws or their interpretation. If our effective tax rate were to increase, or if the ultimate determination of our taxes owed is for an amount in excess of amounts previously accrued, our operating results, cash flows and financial condition could be adversely affected, which, in turn, could negatively impact the availability of cash for dividend payments or our strategic plan.

Additionally, new and/or increased tariffs by the United States and/or by other countries could subject the Company to increased costs for RV components that are imported, directly or by our suppliers, into the United States. Increased costs for imported RV components could require us to increase prices to our customers which may reduce demand, or, if we are unable to increase prices, may result in lower margins on products sold.

Our intellectual property, including our patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other proprietary rights, constitutes a significant part of our value. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property against infringement and misappropriation by defending our intellectual property rights. To protect these rights, we rely on intellectual property laws of the U.S., Germany, Canada, and other countries, as well as contractual and other legal rights. We seek to acquire the rights to intellectual property necessary for our operations. However, our measures may not be successful in any given instance, particularly in countries outside the U.S. We endeavor to protect our rights; however, third parties may infringe upon our intellectual property rights. We may be forced to take steps to protect our rights, including through litigation, which could be expensive and result in a diversion of resources and management attention.

The inability to protect our intellectual property rights could result in competitors undermining the value of our brands by, among other things, manufacturing and marketing similar products, which could adversely affect our market share and results of operations. Moreover, competitors or other third parties may challenge or seek to invalidate or avoid the application of our existing or future intellectual property rights that we develop, purchase, receive or license. The loss of protection for our intellectual property could reduce the market value of our brands and our products and services, lower our profits, and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operation.

We also face the risk of claims that we have infringed third parties’ intellectual property rights. Any claims of intellectual property infringement, even those without merit, could be expensive and time consuming to defend, cause us to cease making, licensing, or using products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property, require us to redesign, reengineer, or rebrand our products, if feasible, divert management’s attention and resources, require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements in order to obtain the right to use a third party’s intellectual property or damage our reputation. Any royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. A successful claim of infringement against us could result in our being required to pay significant damages, enter into costly license or royalty agreements, or stop the sale of certain products, any of which could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our operations are subject to numerous national, regional, federal, state and local regulations governing the manufacture and sale of our products, including various vehicle and component safety and compliance standards. In various jurisdictions, governmental agencies require a manufacturer to recall and repair vehicles which contain certain hazards or defects. Any recalls of our vehicles, voluntary or involuntary, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and could harm our reputation. Additionally, changes in policy, regulations or the imposition of additional regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our U.S. operations are also subject to federal and numerous state consumer protection and unfair trade practice laws and regulations relating to the sale, transportation and marketing of motor vehicles, including so-called “lemon laws.” U.S. federal and state, as well as various European laws and regulations, impose upon vehicle operators various restrictions on the weight, length and width of motor vehicles that may be operated in certain jurisdictions or on certain roadways. Certain jurisdictions also prohibit the sale of vehicles exceeding length restrictions. U.S. federal and state, as well as various European, authorities have environmental control standards relating to air, water, noise pollution and hazardous waste generation and disposal which affect our business and operations. Numerous other U.S. and European laws and regulations affect a wide range of the Company’s activities. Violations of the laws and regulations to which our business or operations are subject could lead to significant penalties, including restraints on our export or import privileges, monetary fines, criminal or civil proceedings and regulatory or other actions that could materially adversely affect our operating results.

We are also subject, in the ordinary course of business, to litigation and claims arising from numerous labor and employment laws and regulations, including potential class action claims arising from alleged violations of such laws and regulations. Any liability arising from such claims would not ordinarily fall within the scope of our insurance coverages. An adverse outcome from such litigation could have a material effect on operating results.

GENERAL RISKS

We rely on the existence of an available, qualified workforce to manufacture our products and competition for such labor could require us to pay higher wages to attract and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees. Within our U.S.-based operations, we incur significant costs with respect to employee healthcare and workers compensation benefits. We are self-insured for these employee healthcare and workers compensation benefits up to certain defined retention limits. If costs related to these or other employee benefits increase as a result of increased healthcare costs in the U.S., increased utilization of such benefits as a result of increased claims, new or revised U.S. governmental mandates or otherwise, our operating results and financial condition may suffer. Within our European-based operations, we incur significant costs with respect to employee benefits which are largely governed by country and regional regulations. New or revised governmental mandates may also cause our operating results and financial condition to suffer.

Our policies, procedures, controls and oversight to monitor and manage our enterprise risks may not be fully effective in achieving their purpose and may leave exposure to identified or unidentified risks. Past or future misconduct by our employees or vendors could result in violations of law by us, regulatory sanctions and/or serious reputational or financial harm. The Company monitors its policies, procedures and controls; however, our policies, procedures and controls may not be sufficient to prevent all forms of misconduct. We review our compensation policies and practices as part of our overall enterprise risk management program, but it is possible that our compensation policies could incentivize inappropriate risk taking or misconduct. Such inappropriate risk taking or misconduct could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and/or our financial condition.

We have a material amount of goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets. At least annually, we review goodwill for impairment. Long-lived assets, identifiable intangible assets and goodwill are also reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable from future cash flows. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, sale or disposition of a significant portion of the business or other factors. If the carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired, a non-cash impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset or reporting unit exceeds its fair value at the time of measurement. Our determination of future cash flows, future recoverability and fair value of our long-lived assets includes significant estimates and assumptions. Changes in those estimates or assumptions or lower-than-anticipated future financial performance may result in the identification of an impaired asset and a non-cash impairment charge, which could be material. Any such charge could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Our Restated Certificate of Incorporation contains certain supermajority voting provisions that could delay, defer or prevent a change in control of our Company. These provisions could also make it more difficult for shareholders to elect directors, amend our Restated Certificate of Incorporation or take other corporate actions.

We are also subject to certain provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law that could delay, deter or prevent us from entering into an acquisition, including provisions which prohibit a Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested shareholder unless specific conditions are met. The existence of these provisions could limit the price that investors are willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock and may deprive investors of an opportunity to sell shares at a premium over prevailing prices.

The stock market, in general, experiences volatility that has often been unrelated to the underlying operating performance of companies. Likewise, our common stock has, at various points in our history, experienced volatility that has not been correlated to our operating results. If this volatility were to occur in the future, the trading price of our common stock could decline significantly, independent of our actual operating performance. The market price of our common stock may also fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including the following:

The Company's stock price may reflect expectations of future growth and profitability as well as expectations regarding our stock repurchase activity and that our cash dividend will continue at current levels or grow. Future dividends are subject to declaration by the Company’s Board of Directors. Furthermore, and as is customary under credit facilities generally, certain actions, including our ability to pay dividends and repurchase shares, are subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions prior to payment. If the Company fails to meet expectations related to future growth, profitability, dividends, share repurchases or other market expectations, the Company might miss investor expectations or analysts or investors could change their opinions and/or recommendations regarding our stock and our stock price may decline, which could have a material adverse impact on investor confidence.

Our Board of Directors authorized our management to utilize up to $698,321 to repurchase shares of our common stock through July 31, 2025. Under the share repurchase program, we are authorized to repurchase, on a discretionary basis and from time-to-time, outstanding shares of our common stock in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means. The timing and amount of share repurchases will be determined at the discretion of our management team based upon the market price of the stock, management's evaluation of general market and economic conditions, cash availability and other factors. The share repurchase program may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time, and we have no obligation to repurchase any amount of our common stock under the program.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, enacted on August 16, 2022, imposes a 1% excise tax on net repurchases of shares by domestic corporations whose stock is traded on an established securities market. The excise tax will be imposed on repurchases that occur after December 31, 2022. The imposition of the excise tax on repurchases of our shares will increase the cost to us of making repurchases and may cause management to reduce the number of shares repurchased pursuant to the program. Additional considerations that could cause management to limit, suspend or delay future stock repurchases include:

As a public company, we may be required to disclose certain information that may put us at a competitive disadvantage compared to certain of our competitors who are either non-public or are not required to disclose specific industry-related information due to the immateriality of that information to their parent company’s consolidated operations.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

As of July 31, 2022, worldwide we owned or leased approximately 25,663,000 square feet of total manufacturing plant and office space. We believe that our present facilities, consisting primarily of steel clad, steel or wood frame and masonry construction, and the machinery and equipment contained in these facilities, are generally well maintained and in good condition. We believe that our facilities are suitable and adequate for their intended purposes and that we would be able to obtain replacements for our leased premises at acceptable costs should our leases not be renewed.

The following table describes the location, number and size of our principal manufacturing plants and other materially important physical properties as of July 31, 2022:

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is involved in certain litigation arising out of its operations in the normal course of its business, most of which is based upon state “lemon laws,” warranty claims and vehicle accidents in North America (for which the Company carries insurance above a specified self-insured retention or deductible amount). The outcomes of legal proceedings and claims brought against the Company are subject to significant uncertainty. There is significant judgment required in assessing both the probability of an adverse outcome and the determination as to whether an exposure can be reasonably estimated. In management’s opinion, the ultimate disposition of any current legal proceedings or claims against the Company will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, operating results or cash flows. Litigation is, however, inherently uncertain and an adverse outcome from such litigation could have a material effect on the operating results of a particular reporting period.

A product recall was issued in late fiscal 2021 related to certain purchased parts utilized in certain of our products, and an accrued liability to cover anticipated costs was established at that time. During fiscal 2022, the accrual was adjusted quarterly based on developments involving the recall, including our expectations regarding the extent of vendor reimbursements and the estimated total cost of the recall. The Company has been, and will continue to be, reimbursed by the suppliers of the products for a portion of the costs it will incur related to this recall. In addition, we accrued expenses during fiscal 2022 based on developments related to an ongoing investigation by certain German-based authorities regarding the adequacy of historical disclosures of vehicle weight in advertisements and other Company-provided marketing literature in Germany. The Company is fully cooperating with the investigation.

The Company does not believe there will be a material, adverse impact to our future results of operations and cash flows due to these matters.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

Unless otherwise indicated, all Dollar and Euro amounts are presented in thousands except per share data.

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

The Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.10 per share (the “Common Stock”), is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “THO.”

Holders

As of September 15, 2022, the number of holders of record of the Common Stock was 140.

Dividends

In fiscal 2022, we paid a $0.43 per share dividend for each fiscal quarter. In fiscal 2021, we paid a $0.41 per share dividend for each fiscal quarter.

The Company’s Board currently intends to continue regular quarterly cash dividend payments in the future. As is customary under credit facilities generally, certain actions, including our ability to pay dividends, are subject to the satisfaction of certain payment conditions prior to payment. The conditions for the payment of dividends under our existing debt facilities include a minimum level of adjusted excess cash availability and a fixed charge coverage ratio test, both as defined in the credit agreements. The declaration of future dividends and the establishment of the per share amounts, record dates and payment dates for any such future dividends are subject to the determination of the Board, and will be dependent upon future earnings, cash flows and other factors, in addition to compliance with any then-existing financing facilities.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

During the three months ended July 31, 2022, the Company used $66,786 to repurchase shares of common stock under its repurchase program. The Company’s remaining authorization for common stock repurchases was $533,214 at July 31, 2022.

A summary of the Company’s share repurchases during the three months ended July 31, 2022 is set forth below:

ITEM 6. (RESERVED)

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Unless otherwise indicated, all Dollar and Euro amounts are presented in thousands except per share data.

Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in Item 8 of this Report.

The discussion below is a comparison of the results of operations and changes in financial condition for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2022 and 2021. The comparison of, and changes between, the fiscal years ended July 31, 2021 and 2020 can be found within "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on September 28, 2021.

We were founded in 1980 and have grown to become the largest manufacturer of recreational vehicles (“RVs”) in the world based on units sold and revenue. We are also the largest manufacturer of RVs in North America, and one of the largest manufacturers of RVs in Europe. In North America, according to Statistical Surveys, Inc. (“Stat Surveys”), for the six months ended June 30, 2022, THOR’s current combined U.S. and Canadian market share based on units was approximately 41.9% for travel trailers and fifth wheels combined and approximately 49.4% for motorhomes. In Europe, according to the European Caravan Federation (“ECF”), EHG’s current market share for the six months ended June 30, 2022 based on units was approximately 21.8% for motorcaravans and campervans combined and approximately 18.0% for caravans.

Our business model includes decentralized operating units, and our RV products are primarily sold to independent, non-franchise dealers who, in turn, retail those products. Our growth has been achieved both organically and through acquisition, and our strategy is designed to increase our profitability by driving innovation, servicing our customers, manufacturing quality products, improving the efficiencies of our facilities and making strategic growth acquisitions.

We generally do not finance dealers directly, but we do provide repurchase agreements to the dealers’ floor plan lenders.

We generally have financed our growth through a combination of internally generated cash flows from operations and, when needed, outside credit facilities. Capital acquisitions of $240,561 in fiscal 2022 were made primarily for purchases of land, production building additions and improvements and replacing machinery and equipment used in the ordinary course of business. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for capital acquisitions by segment. Ongoing supply chain constraints, and labor shortages throughout the supply chain and within THOR, have impacted and continue to impact our business and our consolidated financial results and financial position. In addition, the impact of recent inflation on consumer confidence, which historically has been highly correlated with RV retail sales, and the impact of inflation on the availability of discretionary funds of our end consumers, combined with rising interest rates, may have a negative impact on future demand for our products. Furthermore, additional impacts could be incurred in future periods, including negative impacts to our results of operations, liquidity and financial position, as a direct or indirect result of the continuing COVID-19 pandemic. Should the rate of COVID-19 infections escalate, or the virus mutate into new, uncontrolled strains, those developments and the resulting impacts could exacerbate risks to our business, financial results and financial position. These risks to our business are more fully described in Part 1, Item 1A "Risk Factors" of this Report.

Togo Group

During the third quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company acquired the remaining interest in Togo Group for $16,144 in cash, and as a result holds a 100% ownership interest in Togo Group as of July 31, 2022. The Togo Group was rebranded as Roadpass Digital in November 2021.

Share Repurchase Program

On December 21, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized Company management to utilize up to $250,000 to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock through December 21, 2024. On June 24, 2022, the Board authorized Company management to utilize up to an additional $448,321 to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock through July 31, 2025.

Under these two share repurchase authorizations, the Company is authorized to repurchase, on a discretionary basis and from time-to-time, outstanding shares of its common stock in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means.

Under the December 21, 2021 share repurchase authorization, during the three months ended July 31, 2022, the Company purchased 854,176 shares of its common stock, at various times in the open market, at a weighted-average price of $78.19 and held them as treasury shares at an aggregate purchase price of $66,786. During fiscal 2022, the Company purchased 1,944,243 shares of its common stock, at various times in the open market, at a weighted-average price of $84.92 and held them as treasury shares at an aggregate purchase price of $165,107, all from the December 21, 2021 authorization.

As of July 31, 2022, the remaining amount of the Company's common stock that may be repurchased under the December 21, 2021 $250,000 authorization expiring on December 21, 2024 is $84,893. As of July 31, 2022, the remaining amount of the Company’s common stock that may be repurchased under the June 24, 2022 authorization expiring on July 31, 2025 is $448,321. As of July 31, 2022, the total remaining amount of the Company’s common stock that may be repurchased under these two authorizations is $533,214.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 was enacted following the end of our fiscal year. Among other provisions, this statute provides for a 1% tax to be imposed on the fair market value of shares repurchased by issuers whose shares are traded on an established securities market, subject to certain exceptions. The tax applies to repurchases made after December 31, 2022. We are evaluating this statute and its impact on our share repurchase program.

Issuance of Senior Unsecured Notes

On October 14, 2021, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $500,000 of 4.000% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2029 (“Senior Unsecured Notes”). The Senior Unsecured Notes will mature on October 15, 2029 unless redeemed or repurchased earlier. Net proceeds from the Senior Unsecured Notes, along with cash-on-hand, were used to repay $500,000 of borrowings outstanding on the Company’s ABL and for certain transaction costs. Interest on the Senior Unsecured Notes is payable in semi-annual installments on April 15 and October 15 of each year, and the first semi-annual payment was made April 14, 2022. The Senior Unsecured Notes rank equally in right of payment with all of the Company’s existing and any future senior indebtedness and senior to the Company’s future subordinated indebtedness, if any, and effectively junior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and any future secured indebtedness to the extent of the assets securing such indebtedness.

Airxcel Acquisition

On September 1, 2021, the Company acquired Wichita, Kansas-based AirX Intermediate, Inc. (“Airxcel”). Airxcel manufactures a comprehensive line of high-quality products which they sell primarily to RV original equipment manufacturers as well as consumers via aftermarket sales through dealers and retailers. Airxcel provides industry-leading products in recreational vehicle heating, cooling, ventilation, cooking, window coverings, sidewalls and roofing materials, among others. The final cash consideration for the acquisition of Airxcel was $745,279, net of cash acquired, and was funded through a combination of cash-on-hand and $625,000 in borrowings from the Company’s ABL. In conjunction with the Airxcel acquisition, the Company expanded its existing ABL facility from $750,000 to $1,000,000, favorably amended certain terms of the ABL agreement and extended the term of the ABL as discussed in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The interest rate remains unchanged.

The Company acquired Airxcel as part of its long-term, strategic growth plan and the acquisition is expected to provide numerous benefits, including strengthening the RV supply chain, diversifying the Company's revenue sources and expanding Airxcel’s supply chain business in North America and Europe. Airxcel operates as an independent operation in the same manner as the Company’s other subsidiaries.

Tiffin Group Acquisition

On December 18, 2020, the Company closed on a Stock Purchase Agreement (“Tiffin Group SPA”) for the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of luxury motorized recreational vehicle manufacturer Tiffin Motorhomes, Inc., including fifth wheel towable recreational vehicle manufacturer Vanleigh RV, and certain other associated operating and supply companies, which primarily supply component parts and services to Tiffin Motorhomes, Inc. and Vanleigh RV (collectively, the “Tiffin Group”). Tiffin Group, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, owns the Tiffin Group. Tiffin Motorhomes, Inc. operates out of various locations in Alabama, while Vanleigh RV operates out of Mississippi.

The final cash consideration for the acquisition of the Tiffin Group was $288,238, net of cash acquired, and was funded through existing cash-on-hand as well as $165,000 in borrowings from the Company’s existing asset-based credit facility.

The Company monitors industry conditions in the North American RV market using a number of resources including its own performance tracking and modeling. The Company also considers monthly wholesale shipment data as reported by the Recreation Vehicle Industry Association (“RVIA”), which is typically issued on a one-month lag and represents manufacturers’ North American RV production and delivery to dealers. In addition, we monitor monthly North American retail sales trends as reported by Stat Surveys, whose data is typically issued on a month-and-a-half lag. The Company believes that monthly RV retail sales data is important as consumer purchases impact future dealer orders and ultimately our production and net sales.

North American RV independent dealer inventory of our North American RV products as of July 31, 2022 increased 117.8% to approximately 127,000 units, compared to approximately 58,300 units as of July 31, 2021. As of July 31, 2022, North American dealer inventory levels have grown since the historically low levels as of July 31, 2021, and have reached normalized levels for most of our towable products, but are still generally below historical stocking levels in relation to our motorized product lines.

THOR’s North American RV backlog as of July 31, 2022 decreased $7,291,329, or 54.8%, to $6,007,638 compared to $13,298,967 as of July 31, 2021. As noted above, dealer inventory levels at July 31, 2022 were at normalized levels for most of our towable products and still below historical levels for our motorized products, but as of July 31, 2021, North American dealer inventory levels were well below optimal stocking levels for both towable and motorized products, which led to significantly increased dealer orders and backlog at that time.

North American Industry Wholesale Statistics

Key wholesale statistics for the North American RV industry, as reported by RVIA for the periods indicated, are as follows:

In September 2022, RVIA issued a revised forecast for calendar year 2022 North American wholesale unit shipments. Under a most likely scenario, towable and motorized unit shipments are projected to decrease to approximately 445,100 and 53,700, respectively, for an annual total of approximately 498,800 units, down 16.9% from the 2021 calendar year wholesale shipments. Wholesale shipments in the second half of calendar year 2022 are forecasted to be 46.0% lower than the record shipments that occurred in the first half of calendar year 2022, which allowed dealers to replenish their inventory levels. The most likely forecast for calendar year 2022 could range from a lower estimate of approximately 487,300 total units to an upper estimate of approximately 510,300 units.

As part of their September 2022 forecast, RVIA also released their initial estimates for calendar year 2023 wholesale unit shipments. In the most likely scenario, towable and motorized unit shipments are projected to decrease to an approximated annual total of 419,000 units, or 16.0% lower than the most likely scenario for calendar year 2022 wholesale shipments. This calendar year 2023 most likely forecast could range from a lower estimate of approximately 409,000 total units to an upper estimate of approximately 429,000 units. RVIA stated the reasons for the calendar year 2023 wholesale unit shipment reduction included the recent benefits seen by the RV industry from the one-time stimulus payments and lockdown-era demand shifts will pullback to more normalized levels, and the current softening economic backdrop, coupled with lower savings rates, elevated inflation and higher interest rates, will lead some to reduce or postpone discretionary spending.

North American Industry Retail Statistics

We believe that retail demand is the key to growth in the North American RV industry, and that annual North American RV industry wholesale shipments in calendar year 2023 will return to historical seasonal patterns as dealer inventory levels and consumer demand become more balanced.

Key retail statistics for the North American RV industry, as reported by Stat Surveys for the periods indicated, are as follows:

Both North American towable and motorized unit registrations in the six months ended June 30, 2022 decreased from the comparable June 30, 2021 record levels, but both exceeded the comparable totals for the six months ended June 30, 2020.We believe that North American retail consumer demand has grown in recent years due to an increasing interest in the RV lifestyle and the ability to connect with nature, and has further accelerated since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in calendar 2021, which resulted in record retail sales during that period. While near-term demand will be influenced by many factors, including consumer confidence and the level of consumer spending on discretionary products, we believe future retail demand over the longer term will exceed historical, pre-pandemic levels as consumers continue to value the perceived benefits offered by the RV lifestyle, which provides people with a personal space to maintain social distance in a safe manner, the ability to connect with loved ones and the potential to get away for short, frequent breaks or longer adventures.

Company North American Wholesale Statistics

The Company’s wholesale RV shipments, for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 to correspond with the industry wholesale periods noted above, were as follows:

Company North American Retail Statistics

Retail statistics of the Company’s RV products, as reported by Stat Surveys, for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 to correspond with the industry retail periods noted above, were as follows:

North American Outlook

Historically, retail sales have been dependent upon various economic conditions faced by consumers, such as the rate of unemployment, the rate of inflation, the level of consumer confidence, the disposable income of consumers, changes in interest rates, credit availability, the health of the housing market, changes in tax rates and fuel availability and prices. It is difficult to predict how any or all of these factors will impact the RV industry or our business in a particular year. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant surge in demand for RVs, which, when combined with the supply chain challenges resulting from the pandemic’s disruption of the North American economy, caused a significant increase in our revenues and backlog. The first half of calendar 2022 saw continued robust wholesale demand as dealers restocked their inventories and we were able to reduce our backlog as we filled outstanding orders. Notwithstanding the year-over-year increase in wholesale shipments, we believe consumer demand, as reflected in the reduced new RV registrations, slowed in the first half of calendar 2022 compared to the record registration in the prior year period, due to the impact of the factors identified above.

Despite the near-term challenges, we remain optimistic about future growth in North American retail sales in the long term, as there are many factors driving product demand. Surveys conducted by THOR, RVIA and others show that Americans of all generations love the freedom of the outdoors and the enrichment that comes with living an active lifestyle. RVs allow people to be in control of their travel experiences, going where they want, when they want and with the people they want. The RV units we design, produce and sell allow people to spend time outdoors pursuing their favorite activities, creating cherished moments and deeply connecting with family and friends. Based on the increasing value consumers place on these factors, we expect to see long-term growth in the North American RV industry. The recent growth in industry-wide RV sales has also resulted in exposing a much wider range of consumers to the lifestyle. We believe many of those who have been recently exposed to the industry for the first time will become future owners, and that those who became first-time owners since the pandemic will become long-term RVers, resulting in future repeat and upgrade sales opportunities. We also believe consumers are likely to continue altering their future vacation and travel plans, opting for fewer vacations via air travel, cruise ships and hotels, and preferring vacations that RVs are uniquely positioned to provide, allowing consumers the ability to explore or unwind, often close to home. In addition, we believe that the availability of camping and RV parking facilities will be an important factor in the future growth of the industry and view both the significant recent investments and the future committed investments by campground owners, states and the federal government in camping facilities and accessibility to state and federal parks and forests to be positive long-term factors.

Economic and industry-wide factors that have historically affected, including fiscal 2022, and which we believe will continue to affect, our operating results include the costs of commodities, the availability of critical supply components and labor costs incurred in the production of our products. Material and labor costs are the primary factors determining our cost of products sold, and any future increases in raw material or labor costs will impact our profit margins negatively if we are unable to offset those cost increases through a combination of product decontenting, material sourcing strategies, efficiency improvements or raising the selling prices for our products by corresponding amounts. Historically, we have generally been able to offset net cost increases over time.

We continue to receive communications from a number of our North American chassis suppliers that due to a number of factors, including (1) supply constraints of key components that they require for the manufacturing of chassis, such as semiconductor chips and engines, (2) demand outpacing their production capacity, and (3) personnel shortages, their production of chassis will be limited. As a direct result, our production and sales of motorized RVs will be negatively impacted. The current chassis shortage is anticipated to continue throughout our fiscal 2023. It is currently extremely difficult to predict which chassis will be available from our various suppliers and in what quantities for which products. Modifying available chassis for certain motorized products to use for other products is not a viable alternative, particularly in the short term due to engineering requirements. These factors further negatively impact our production schedule and cost structure as we try to balance our production and personnel staffing levels and schedules to the available chassis, often with short notice. The North American and European recreational vehicle industries have, from time to time in the past and during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022, experienced shortages of chassis for various other reasons, including component shortages, production delays and work stoppages at the chassis manufacturers.

The North American RV industry is also facing continuing supply shortages or delivery delays of other, non-chassis, raw material components. While our supply chain has been resilient enough to support us during our recent growth in sales and production, these shortages and constraints have negatively impacted our ability to further ramp up production rates and sales, primarily of our motorized RV products, and has caused an increase in unfinished units as of July 31, 2022 compared to historical levels. We believe these raw material shortages and delays may continue to result in production delays or adjusted production rates, and could have a negative impact on our sales and earnings. If shortages of chassis or other component parts were to become more significant or longer term in nature, or if other factors were to impact our suppliers' ability to fully supply our needs for key components, our costs of such components and our production output could be adversely affected. Where possible, we continue to work closely with our suppliers on various supply chain strategies to minimize these constraints, and we continue to identify alternative suppliers.

The Company monitors retail trends in the European RV market as reported by the European Caravan Federation (“ECF”), whose industry data is reported to the public quarterly and typically issued on a one-to-two-month lag. Additionally, on a monthly basis the Company receives OEM-specific reports from most of the individual member countries that make up the ECF. As these reports are coming directly from the ECF member countries, timing and content vary, but typically the reports are issued on a one-to-two-month lag as well. While most countries provide OEM-specific information, the United Kingdom, which made up 17.0% and 7.2% of the caravan and motorcaravan (including campervans) European market for the six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, does not provide OEM-specific information. Industry wholesale shipment data for the European RV market is not available.

Within Europe, over 90% of our sales are made to dealers within 10 different European countries. The market conditions, as well as the operating status of our independent dealers within each country, vary based on the various local economic conditions, the current impact of COVID-19 and the local responses and restrictions in place to manage the pandemic. It is inherently difficult to generalize about the operating conditions within the entire European region. However, independent RV dealer inventory levels of our European products are generally below historic levels in the various countries we serve. Within Germany, which accounts for approximately 60% of our European product sales, independent dealer inventory levels are currently below historical norms.

THOR’s European RV backlog as of July 31, 2022 decreased $805,495, or 22.6%, to $2,753,602 compared to $3,559,097 as of July 31, 2021, with the decrease primarily due to the decrease in the current foreign exchange rate compared to the prior year.

European Industry Retail Statistics

Key retail statistics for the European RV industry, as reported by the ECF for the periods indicated, are as follows:

Note: Data from the ECF is subject to adjustment, is continuously updated, and is often impacted by delays in reporting by various countries. (The "Non-OEM Reporting Countries" either do not report OEM-specific data to ECF or do not have it available for the entire time period covered).

Company European Retail Statistics

Both the European industry retail and Company European retail statistics above have been negatively impacted in the six months ended June 30, 2022 by the reduction in available motorized products due to the ongoing chassis supply limitations.

European Outlook

Our European operations offer a full lineup of leisure vehicles including caravans and motorized products including urban campers, campervans and small-to-large motorcaravans. Our product offerings are not limited to vehicles only but also include accessories and services, including vehicle rentals. We address European retail customers through a sophisticated brand management approach based on consumer segmentation according to target group, core values and emotions. With the help of data-based and digital marketing, we intend to continue expanding our retail customer reach to new and younger consumer segments.

The impact of current macroeconomic factors on our business, including increasing inflation and interest rates, supply chain constraints, environmental and sustainability regulations and geopolitical events, is uncertain. In addition, although its impact is lessening, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may impact our business in future periods remains uncertain and unpredictable. Our outlook for future growth in European RV retail sales depends upon the various economic and regulatory conditions in the respective countries in which we sell our products, and on our ability to manage through supply chain issues that have, and will continue to, limit the level to which we can increase output of our motorized products in the near term. End-customer demand for RVs depends strongly on consumer confidence. Factors such as the rate of unemployment, the rate of inflation, private consumption and investments, growth in disposable income of consumers, changes in interest rates, the health of the housing market, changes in tax rates and regulatory restrictions, and, more recently, travel safety considerations all influence retail sales. Our long-term outlook for future growth in European RV retail sales remains positive as more and more people discover RVs as a way to support their lifestyle in search of independence and individuality, as well as using the RV as a multi-purpose vehicle to escape urban life and explore outdoor activities and nature.

Prior to the pandemic, we and our independent European dealers marketed our European recreational vehicles through numerous RV fairs at the country and regional levels which occurred throughout the calendar year. These fairs have historically been well-attended events that allowed retail consumers the ability to see the newest products, features and designs and to talk with product experts in addition to being able to purchase or order an RV. Since the start of the pandemic, the protection of the health of our employees, customers and dealers has been our top priority. As a result, we cancelled our participation in most European trade fairs and major events in calendar 2021 and limited participation in early calendar 2022. We did, however, attend the Caravan Salon show in Dusseldorf in late August/early September 2022 and anticipate participating in other major fiscal 2023 retail shows. The 2022 Caravan Salon show experienced near record attendance, demonstrating the high level of interest in the RV lifestyle despite the current macroeconomic uncertainties facing many consumers. In addition to our attendance at various strategic trade fairs going forward, we have and will continue to strengthen and expand our digital activities in order to reach high potential target groups, generate leads and steer customers directly to dealerships. With approximately 1,100 active independent dealers in Germany and throughout Europe that we do business with, we believe our European brands have one of the strongest and most professionally structured dealer and service networks in Europe.

Economic or industry-wide factors affecting our European RV operating results include the availability and costs of commodities and component parts and the labor used in the manufacture of our products. Material and labor costs are the primary factors determining our cost of products sold and any future increases in these costs will impact our profit margins negatively if we are unable to offset those cost increases through a combination of product decontenting, material sourcing strategies, efficiency improvements or raising the selling prices for our products by corresponding amounts.

We continue to receive communications from our European chassis suppliers that due to a number of factors, including (1) supply constraints of key components that they require for the manufacturing of chassis, such as semiconductor chips and engines, (2) demand outpacing their production capacity, and (3) personnel shortages, their production of chassis will be limited. Exacerbating this situation is the fact that certain of the chassis we have historically utilized in the production of certain of our higher volume products require a higher number of semiconductors compared to other chassis. Throughout fiscal 2022, we experienced delays in the receipt of, and significant reductions in the volume of, chassis from our European chassis suppliers, limiting our ability to further increase production of our motorized products. We expect these ongoing challenges to persist throughout fiscal 2023 and, in particular, anticipate continued delays in receipt of chassis in Europe as well as significant reductions in the number of chassis to be received in at least the first half of fiscal 2023 compared to our planned production rates. As a result, these limitations in the availability of chassis will inhibit our ability to consistently maintain our planned production levels, and will limit our ability to ramp up production and sales of certain products despite dealer demand for those products. Uncertainties related to changing emission standards may also impact the availability of chassis used in our production of certain European motorized RVs and could also impact consumer buying patterns.

In Europe, we also continue to experience cost increases, supply shortages and delivery delays of other, non-chassis, raw material components which negatively impacted our ability to further ramp up production and sales in the current fiscal year and has caused an increase in our work in process inventory as of July 31, 2022. We believe these shortages and delays will continue to result in production delays or adjusted production rates in the near term, which will limit our ability to ramp up production and sales to meet existing demand and will have a negative impact on our European operating results, as we balance our labor and overhead costs to rapidly changing production schedules.

Where possible, to minimize the future impact of these supply chain constraints, we have identified a second-source supplier base for certain component parts, however, the overall scope of supply chain constraints within Europe and the engineering requirements required with an alternate component part, particularly the chassis our various units are built upon, has limited the impact of these alternative suppliers on reducing our near-term supply constraints.

In addition to material supply constraints, labor shortages may also impact our European operations. Currently, we are experiencing a shortage of available skilled workers due to near full employment rates in the European countries where we have manufacturing sites.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FISCAL 2022 VS. FISCAL 2021

CONSOLIDATED

Consolidated net sales for fiscal 2022 increased $3,995,145, or 32.4%, compared to fiscal 2021. The increase in consolidated net sales is primarily due to the increase in consumer demand, independent dealers restocking their inventory levels, selling price increases to offset known and anticipated material cost increases, and the impact of acquisitions. The addition of the Tiffin Group, acquired on December 18, 2020, accounted for $505,457 of the $3,995,145 increase, or 4.1% of the 32.4% increase, as fiscal 2022 includes twelve months of operations compared to six and one-half months in fiscal 2021. The addition of Airxcel, acquired on September 1, 2021, accounted for $501,114 of the $3,995,145 increase in net sales, net of intercompany sales, or 4.1% of the 32.4% increase.

Approximately 18% of the Company's net sales for fiscal 2022 were transacted in a currency other than the U.S. dollar. The Company's most material exchange rate exposure is sales in Euros. The $3,995,145, or 32.4% increase in consolidated net sales, includes a decrease of $230,223 from the change in currency exchange rates between the two periods. To determine this impact, net sales transacted in currencies other than U.S. dollars have been translated to U.S. dollars using the average exchange rates that were in effect during the comparative period.

Consolidated gross profit for fiscal 2022 increased $911,057, or 48.1%, compared to fiscal 2021. Consolidated gross profit was 17.2% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2022 and 15.4% for fiscal 2021. The increases in consolidated gross profit and the consolidated gross profit percentage were both primarily due to the impact of the increase in net sales in the current-year period compared to the prior-year period and gross margin percentage improvements noted below.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2022 increased $246,546, or 28.3%, compared to fiscal 2021, primarily due to the 32.4% increase in net sales given the variable nature of certain selling, general and administrative costs. Selling, general and administrative expenses were 6.8% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2022 and 7.1% for fiscal 2021.

Amortization of intangible assets expense for fiscal 2022 increased $39,763, or 33.9%, to $156,946, compared to fiscal 2021, primarily due to additional amortization during fiscal 2022 of $36,771 from the acquisition of Airxcel during fiscal 2022 as discussed in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other income, net for fiscal 2022 decreased $12,918 to $17,334, compared to $30,252 for fiscal 2021, primarily due to an unfavorable change of $26,906 in the fair value of the Company's deferred compensation plan assets due to market fluctuations in fiscal 2022, partially offset by a non-cash foreign currency gain of $9,775 related to certain Euro-denominated loans in fiscal 2022 as compared to a nominal gain in fiscal 2021.

Income before income taxes for fiscal 2022 was $1,459,864, as compared to $844,581 for fiscal 2021, an increase of $615,283, or 72.9%, primarily driven by the increase in net sales and gross margin and selling, general and administrative expense percentage improvements noted below.

The overall annual effective income tax rate for fiscal 2022 was 22.0% on $1,459,864 of income before income taxes, compared with 21.8% on $844,581 of income before income taxes for fiscal 2021. The primary reason for the increase relates to the jurisdictional mix of pretax income between foreign and domestic between the comparable periods.

Additional information concerning the changes in net sales, gross profit and selling, general and administrative expenses are addressed below in the segment reporting that follows.

Corporate costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses increased $22,770 to $140,342 for fiscal 2022 compared to $117,572 for fiscal 2021, an increase of 19.4%. This increase includes expenses accrued by the Company during fiscal 2022 related to the ongoing investigation of the Company’s advertising practices in Germany, as discussed in Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Research and development costs, which are related to product electrification and other Corporate-led innovation initiatives, also increased $9,907. Other changes include an increase of $6,799 in costs related to our standby repurchase obligation reserve due to dealer inventory levels increasing significantly in fiscal 2022 compared to dealer inventory levels decreasing in fiscal 2021. These cost increases were mostly offset by a decrease in deferred compensation expense of $26,232, which was effectively offset by the increase in other expense related to the deferred compensation plan assets noted below.

Corporate interest and other income and expense, net was $84,848 of net expense for fiscal 2022 compared to $73,118 of net expense for fiscal 2021. This increase in net expense of $11,730 included the change in the fair value of the Company’s deferred compensation plan assets due primarily to market fluctuations, which resulted in a total increase in other expense, net of $26,906 compared to the prior fiscal year. These increases in expense were partially offset by a non-cash foreign currency gain of $9,775 related to certain Euro-denominated loans in fiscal 2022 as compared to a nominal gain in fiscal 2021, a decrease in interest expense and fees on the debt facilities of $2,101 and a $2,139 gain in fiscal 2022 related to corporate-owned life insurance benefits.

SEGMENT REPORTING

Analysis of Change in Net Sales for Fiscal 2022 vs. Fiscal 2021

The increase in total North American towables net sales of 39.2% compared to the prior fiscal year resulted from a 11.2% increase in unit shipments due to increased consumer demand and independent dealers restocking their inventory levels , and a 28.0% increase in the overall net price per unit due to the impact of changes in product mix and price, including net selling price increases to help offset increasing material costs. According to statistics published by RVIA, for the twelve months ended July 31, 2022, combined travel trailer and fifth wheel wholesale unit shipments increased 9.3% compared to the same period last year. According to statistics published by Stat Surveys, for the twelve-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, our market share for travel trailers and fifth wheels combined was 41.8% and 41.6%, respectively.

The increases in the overall net price per unit within both the travel trailer product line of 29.2% and the fifth wheel product line of 31.7% were primarily due to the impacts of net selling price increases, primarily to offset increasing material costs, and product mix changes compared to the prior year.

North American towables cost of products sold increased $1,948,627 to $7,149,647, or 82.5% of North American towables net sales, for fiscal 2022 compared to $5,201,020, or 83.6% of North American towables net sales, for fiscal 2021. The changes in material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs comprised $1,876,671 of the $1,948,627 increase in cost of products sold due to the increased sales volume. Material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs as a combined percentage of North American towables net sales decreased to 77.4% for fiscal 2022 compared to 77.7% for fiscal 2021, primarily as a result of a decrease in the labor cost percentage, mainly due to increased volumes combined with a more efficient workforce compared to the prior-year period. The freight-out cost percentage also decreased due to a higher percentage of units being picked up by dealers in the current-year period as opposed to being delivered, and the warranty cost percentage decreased slightly. These reductions were mostly offset by an increase in the material cost percentage compared to the prior year, as the continued benefit from reduced sales discounts since the prior year, which effectively increases net selling prices and correspondingly decreases the material cost percentage, was more than offset by increasing material costs since the prior year.

Total manufacturing overhead increased $71,956 with the increase in North American towables net sales, but decreased as a percentage of North American towables net sales from 5.9% to 5.1%, as the increased sales resulted in lower overhead costs per unit sold. Variable costs in manufacturing overhead increased $69,620 in fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 as a result of the increase in North American towables net sales.

North American towables gross profit increased $491,390 to $1,512,298, or 17.5% of North American towables net sales, for fiscal 2022 compared to $1,020,908, or 16.4% of North American towables net sales, for fiscal 2021. The increase in gross profit was driven by the increase in North American towables net sales, and the increase in the gross profit percentage is due to the decrease in the cost of products sold percentage noted above.

North American towables selling, general and administrative expenses were $429,053, or 5.0% of North American towables net sales, for fiscal 2022 compared to $330,138, or 5.3% of North American towables net sales, for fiscal 2021. The primary reason for the $98,915 increase was the impact of the increase in North American towables net sales and income before income taxes, which caused related commissions, incentive and other compensation to increase by $83,597. Sales-related travel, advertising and promotional costs also increased $6,163. The remaining increase is primarily due to an increase in settlement costs related to a product recall related to certain purchased parts utilized in certain of our North American towable products, as discussed in Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The decrease in the overall selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage of North American towable net sales is primarily due to the increase in North American towables net sales.

North American towables income before income taxes was $1,050,536, or 12.1% of North American towables net sales, for fiscal 2022 compared to $658,964, or 10.6% of North American towables net sales, for fiscal 2021. The primary reason for the increase in North American towables income before income taxes was the increase in North American towables net sales, and the primary reasons for the increase in percentage were the decreases in the cost of products sold and selling, general and administrative expense percentages noted above.