Calvert Variable Products N-CSRSCertified semi-annual shareholder report (management investment company)

Performance

Fund Profile

As a Fund shareholder, you incur ongoing costs, including management fees; distribution and/or service fees; and other Fund expenses. This Example is intended to help you understand your ongoing costs (in dollars) of Fund investing and to compare these costs with the ongoing costs of investing in other mutual funds. The Example is based on an investment of $1,000 invested at the beginning of the period and held for the entire period (January 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023).

The first section of the table below provides information about actual account values and actual expenses. You may use the information in this section, together with the amount you invested, to estimate the expenses that you paid over the period. Simply divide your account value by $1,000 (for example, an $8,600 account value divided by $1,000 = 8.6), then multiply the result by the number in the first section under the heading entitled “Expenses Paid During Period” to estimate the expenses you paid on your account during this period.

The second section of the table below provides information about hypothetical account values and hypothetical expenses based on the actual Fund expense ratio and an assumed rate of return of 5% per year (before expenses), which is not the actual Fund return. The hypothetical account values and expenses may not be used to estimate the actual ending account balance or expenses you paid for the period. You may use this information to compare the ongoing costs of investing in the Fund and other funds. To do so, compare this 5% hypothetical example with the 5% hypothetical examples that appear in the shareholder reports of the other funds.

Please note that the expenses shown in the table are meant to highlight your ongoing costs only and do not reflect expenses and charges which are, or may be imposed under the variable annuity contract or variable life insurance policy (variable contracts) (if applicable) or qualified pension or retirement plans (Qualified Plans) through which your investment in the Fund is made. Therefore, the second section of the table is useful in comparing ongoing costs associated with an investment in vehicles which fund benefits under variable contracts and Qualified Plans, and will not help you determine the relative total costs of investing in the Fund through variable contracts or Qualified Plans. In addition, if these expenses and charges imposed under the variable contracts or Qualified Plans were included, your costs would have been higher.

Calvert VP S&P MidCap 400^® Index Portfolio (the Fund) is a diversified series of Calvert Variable Products, Inc. (the Corporation). The Corporation is a Maryland corporation registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), as an open-end management investment company. The investment objective of the Fund is to seek investment results that correspond to the total return performance of U.S. common stocks, as represented by the S&P MidCap 400^® Index.

Shares of the Fund are sold without sales charge to insurance companies for allocation to certain of their variable separate accounts and to qualified pension and retirement plans and other eligible investors. The Fund offers Class I and Class F shares. Among other things, each class has different: (a) dividend rates due to differences in Distribution Plan expenses and other class-specific expenses; (b) exchange privileges; and (c) class-specific voting rights.

The Fund applies the accounting and reporting guidance in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 946, Financial Services – Investment Companies (ASC 946). Subsequent events, if any, through the date that the financial statements were issued have been evaluated in the preparation of the financial statements.

U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) establishes a disclosure hierarchy that categorizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to value assets and liabilities at measurement date. These inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below:

Level 1 - quoted prices in active markets for identical securities

Level 2 - other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.)

Level 3 - significant unobservable inputs (including the Fund’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments)

The inputs or methodologies used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in those securities.

Valuation techniques used to value the Fund’s investments by major category are as follows:

The values assigned to fair value investments are based on available information and do not necessarily represent amounts that might ultimately be realized. Further, due to the inherent uncertainty of valuations of such investments, the fair values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had an active market existed, and the differences could be material.

The following table summarizes the market value of the Fund's holdings as of June 30, 2023, based on the inputs used to value them:

Management has analyzed the Fund's tax positions taken for all open federal income tax years and has concluded that no provision for federal income tax is required in the Fund's financial statements. A Fund's federal tax return is subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service for a period of three years from the date of filing.

The investment advisory fee is earned by Calvert Research and Management (CRM), an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley, as compensation for investment advisory services rendered to the Fund. The investment advisory fee is computed at the annual rate of 0.20% of the Fund’s average daily net assets and is payable monthly. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the investment advisory fee amounted to $561,575.

Pursuant to an investment sub-advisory agreement, CRM has delegated the investment management of the Fund to Ameritas Investment Partners, Inc. (AIP). CRM pays AIP a portion of its investment advisory fee for sub-advisory services provided to the Fund.

The Fund may invest in a money market fund, the Institutional Class of the Morgan Stanley Institutional Liquidity Funds - Government Portfolio (the “Liquidity Fund”), an open-end management investment company managed by Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley. The investment advisory fee paid by the Fund is reduced by an amount equal to its pro-rata share of the advisory and administration fees paid by the Fund due to its investment in the Liquidity Fund. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the investment advisory fee paid was reduced by $7,037 relating to the Fund's investment in the Liquidity Fund.

CRM has agreed to reimburse the Fund’s operating expenses to the extent that total annual operating expenses (relating to ordinary operating expenses only and excluding expenses such as brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses of unaffiliated funds, borrowing costs, taxes or litigation expenses) exceed 0.33% for Class I and 0.53% for Class F of such class's average daily net assets. The expense reimbursement agreement with CRM may be changed or terminated after April 30, 2024. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, CRM waived or reimbursed expenses of $327,560.

The administrative fee is earned by CRM as compensation for administrative services rendered to the Fund. The fee is computed at an annual rate of 0.12% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class I and Class F and is payable monthly. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, CRM was paid administrative fees of $336,945. 

The Fund has in effect a distribution plan for Class F shares (Class F Plan) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. Pursuant to the Class F Plan, the Fund pays Eaton Vance Distributors, Inc. (EVD), an affiliate of CRM and the Fund’s principal underwriter, a distribution fee of 0.20% per annum of its average daily net assets attributable to Class F shares for the sale and distribution of Class F shares. Distribution fees paid or accrued for the six months ended June 30, 2023 amounted to $333,624 for Class F shares.

Eaton Vance Management (EVM), an affiliate of CRM, provides sub-transfer agency and related services to the Fund pursuant to a Sub-Transfer Agency Support Services Agreement. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, sub-transfer agency fees and expenses incurred to EVM amounted to $442 and are included in transfer agency fees and expenses on the Statement of Operations.

Each Director of the Fund who is not an employee of CRM or its affiliates receives an annual fee of $214,000, an annual Committee fee ranging from $8,500 to $16,500 depending on the Committee, and may receive a fee of $10,000 for special meetings. The Board chair receives an additional $40,000 annual fee, Committee chairs receive an additional $15,000 annual fee and the special equities liaison receives an additional $2,500 annual fee. Eligible Directors may participate in a Deferred Compensation Plan (the Plan). Amounts deferred under the Plan are treated as though equal dollar amounts had been invested in shares of the Fund or other Calvert funds selected by the Directors. The Fund purchases shares of the funds selected equal to the dollar amounts deferred under the Plan, resulting in an asset equal to the deferred compensation liability. Obligations of the Plan are paid solely from the Fund's assets. Directors’ fees are allocated to each of the Calvert funds served. Salaries and fees of officers and Directors of the Fund who are employees of CRM or its affiliates are paid by CRM.

The Corporation, on behalf of the Fund, has adopted a Shareholder Servicing Plan (Servicing Plan), which permits the Fund to enter into shareholder servicing agreements with intermediaries that maintain accounts in the Fund for the benefit of shareholders. These services may include, but are not limited to, processing purchase and redemption requests, processing dividend payments, and providing account information to shareholders. Under the Servicing Plan, the Fund may make payments at an annual rate of up to 0.11% of its average daily net assets. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, expenses incurred under the Servicing Plan amounted to $175,305, of which $52,123 were payable to an affiliate of AIP, and are included in transfer agency fees and expenses on the Statement of Operations. Included in accrued expenses at June 30, 2023 are amounts payable to an affiliate of AIP under the Servicing Plan of $8,608.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the cost of purchases and proceeds from sales of investments, other than short-term securities, were $43,315,498 and $44,813,416, respectively.

The cost and unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of investments, including open derivative contracts, of the Fund at June 30, 2023, as determined on a federal income tax basis, were as follows:

A summary of futures contracts outstanding at June 30, 2023 is included in the Schedule of Investments. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Fund used futures contracts to provide equity market exposure for uncommitted cash balances.

At June 30, 2023, the fair value of open derivative instruments (not considered to be hedging instruments for accounting disclosure purposes) and whose primary underlying risk exposure is equity price risk was as follows:

The effect of derivative instruments (not considered to be hedging instruments for accounting disclosure purposes) on the Statement of Operations and whose primary underlying risk exposure is equity price risk for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was as follows:

The average notional cost of futures contracts (long) outstanding during the six months ended June 30, 2023 was approximately $11,277,000.

To generate additional income, the Fund may lend its securities pursuant to a securities lending agency agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company (SSBT), the securities lending agent. Security loans are subject to termination by the Fund at any time and, therefore, are not considered illiquid investments. The Fund requires that the loan be continuously collateralized by either cash or securities in an amount at least equal to the market value of the securities on loan. The market value of securities loaned is determined daily and any additional required collateral is delivered to the Fund on the next business day. Cash collateral is generally invested in a money market fund registered under the 1940 Act that is managed by an affiliate of SSBT. Any gain or loss in the market price of the loaned securities that might occur and any interest earned or dividends declared during the term of the loan would accrue to the account of the Fund. Income earned on the investment of collateral, net of broker rebates and other expenses incurred by the securities lending agent, is split between the Fund and the securities lending agent based on agreed upon contractual terms. Non-cash collateral, if any, is held by the lending agent on behalf of the Fund and cannot be sold or re-pledged by the Fund; accordingly, such collateral is not reflected in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities.

The risks associated with lending portfolio securities include, but are not limited to, possible delays in receiving additional collateral or in the recovery of the loaned securities, possible loss of rights to the collateral should the borrower fail financially, as well as risk of loss in the value of the collateral or the value of the investments made with the collateral. The securities lending agent shall indemnify the Fund in the case of default of any securities borrower.

At June 30, 2023, the total value of securities on loan was $15,398,549 and the total value of collateral received was $15,686,930, comprised of cash of $6,824,267 and U.S. government and/or agencies securities of $8,862,663.

The following table provides a breakdown of securities lending transactions accounted for as secured borrowings, the obligations by class of collateral pledged, and the remaining contractual maturity of those transactions as of June 30, 2023.

The carrying amount of the liability for deposits for securities loaned at June 30, 2023 approximated its fair value. If measured at fair value, such liability would have been considered as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy (see Note 1A) at June 30, 2023.

The Fund participates with other portfolios and funds managed by EVM and its affiliates, including CRM, in a $725 million unsecured revolving line of credit agreement with a group of banks, which is in effect through October 24, 2023. Borrowings are made by the Fund solely for temporary purposes related to redemptions and other short-term cash needs. Interest is charged to the Fund based on its borrowings at an amount above either the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) or Federal Funds rate. In addition, a fee computed at an annual rate of 0.15% on the daily unused portion of the line of credit is allocated among the participating portfolios and funds at the end of each quarter. In connection with the renewal of the agreement in October 2022, an arrangement fee of $150,000 was incurred that was allocated to the participating portfolios and funds. Because the line of credit is not available exclusively to the Fund, it may be unable to borrow some or all of its requested amounts at any particular time.

The Fund had no borrowings pursuant to its line of credit during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

At June 30, 2023, the value of the Fund’s investment in funds that may be deemed to be affiliated was $6,190,657, which represents 1.1% of the Fund’s net assets. Transactions in such investments by the Fund for the six months ended June 30, 2023 were as follows:

The Corporation may issue its shares in one or more series (such as the Fund). The authorized shares of the Fund consist of 20,000,000 common shares, $0.10 par value, for each Class.

Transactions in capital shares were as follows:

At June 30, 2023, separate accounts of an insurance company that is an affiliate of AIP and a separate account of another insurance company owned 15.9% and 50.2%, respectively, of the value of the outstanding shares of the Fund.

The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, provides, in substance, that each investment advisory agreement between a fund and its investment adviser will continue in effect from year to year only if its continuation is approved at least annually by the fund’s board of directors, including by a vote of a majority of the directors who are not “interested persons” of the fund (“Independent Directors”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of considering such approval.

At an in-person meeting of the Boards of Trustees/Directors (each a “Board”) of the registered investment companies advised by Calvert Research and Management (“CRM” or the “Adviser”) (the “Calvert Funds”) held on June 12-13, 2023, the Board, including a majority of the Independent Directors, voted to approve continuation of existing investment advisory and investment sub-advisory agreements for the Calvert Funds for an additional one-year period.

In evaluating the investment advisory and investment sub-advisory agreements for the Calvert Funds, the Board considered a variety of information relating to the Calvert Funds and various service providers, including the Adviser.  The Independent Directors reviewed a report prepared by the Adviser regarding various services provided to the Calvert Funds by the Adviser and its affiliates.  Such report included, among other data, information regarding the Adviser’s personnel and the Adviser’s revenue and cost of providing services to the Calvert Funds, and a separate report prepared by an independent data provider, which compared each fund’s investment performance, fees and expenses to those of comparable funds as identified by such independent data provider (“comparable funds”).

The Independent Directors were separately represented by independent legal counsel with respect to their consideration of the continuation of the investment advisory and investment sub-advisory agreements for the Calvert Funds.  Prior to voting, the Independent Directors reviewed the proposed continuation of the Calvert Funds’ investment advisory and investment sub-advisory agreements with management and also met in private sessions with their counsel at which time no representatives of management were present.

The information that the Board considered included, among other things, the following (for funds that invest through one or more affiliated underlying fund(s), references to “each fund” in this section may include information that was considered at the underlying fund-level):

Over the course of the year, the Board and its committees held regular quarterly meetings.  During these meetings, the Directors participated in investment and performance reviews with the portfolio managers and other investment professionals of the Adviser relating to each fund and considered various investment and trading strategies used in pursuing each fund’s investment objective(s), such as the use of derivative instruments, as well as risk management techniques. The Board and its committees also evaluated issues pertaining to industry and regulatory developments, compliance procedures, corporate governance and other issues with respect to the funds and received and participated in reports and presentations provided by CRM and its affiliates with respect to such matters. In addition to the formal meetings of the Board and its committees, the Independent Directors held regular video conferences in between meetings to discuss, among other topics, matters relating to the continuation of the Calvert Funds’ investment advisory and investment sub-advisory agreements.

For funds that invest through one or more affiliated underlying funds, the Board considered similar information about the underlying fund(s) when considering the approval of investment advisory agreements.  In addition, in cases where the Adviser has engaged a sub-adviser, the Board considered similar information about the sub-adviser when considering the approval of any investment sub-advisory agreement.

The Independent Directors were assisted throughout the contract review process by their independent legal counsel. The Independent Directors relied upon the advice of such counsel and their own business judgment in determining the material factors to be considered in evaluating each investment advisory and investment sub-advisory agreement and the weight to be given to each such factor. The Board, including the Independent Directors, did not identify any single factor as controlling, and each Director may have attributed different weight to various factors.

Based on its consideration of the foregoing, and such other information as it deemed relevant, including the factors and conclusions described below, the Board, including the Independent Directors, concluded that the continuation of the investment advisory agreement of Calvert VP S&P MidCap 400^® Index Portfolio (the “Fund”), and the investment sub-advisory agreement with Ameritas Investment Partners, Inc. (the “Sub-Adviser”), including the fees payable under each agreement, is in the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders.  Accordingly, the Board, including a majority of the Independent Directors, voted to approve the continuation of the investment advisory agreement and the investment sub-advisory agreement of the Fund.

In considering the nature, extent and quality of the services provided by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser under the investment advisory agreement and investment sub-advisory agreement, respectively, the Board reviewed information relating to the Adviser’s and Sub-Adviser’s operations and personnel, including, among other information, biographical information on the Sub-Adviser’s investment personnel and descriptions of the Adviser’s organizational and management structure.  The Board also took into account similar information provided periodically throughout the previous year by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser as well as the Board’s familiarity with the Adviser and Sub-Adviser through Board meetings, discussions and other reports.  With respect to the Adviser, the Board considered the Adviser’s responsibilities overseeing the Sub-Adviser and the business-related and other risks to which the Adviser or its affiliates may be subject in managing the Fund.  With respect to the Sub-Adviser, the Board took into account the resources available to the Sub-Adviser in fulfilling its duties under the investment sub-advisory agreement and the Sub-Adviser’s experience in managing the Fund.  The Board also noted that it reviewed on a quarterly basis information regarding the Adviser’s and Sub-Adviser’s compliance with applicable policies and procedures, including those related to personal investing.  The Board took into account, among other items, periodic reports received from the Adviser over the past year concerning the Adviser’s ongoing review and enhancement of certain processes, policies and procedures of the Calvert Funds and the Adviser.  The Board concluded that it was satisfied with the nature, extent and quality of services provided to the Fund by the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser under the investment advisory agreement and investment sub-advisory agreement, respectively.

In considering the Fund’s performance, the Board noted that it reviewed on a quarterly basis detailed information about the Fund’s performance results, portfolio composition and investment strategies.  The Board compared the Fund’s investment performance to that of the Fund’s peer universe and the index the Fund is designed to track.  The Board’s review included comparative performance data for the one-, three- and five-year periods ended December 31, 2022.  This performance data indicated that the Fund had outperformed the median of its peer universe for the one-, three- and five-year periods ended December 31, 2022.  The performance data also indicated that the Fund had underperformed the index it is designed to track for the one-, three- and five-year periods ended December 31, 2022.  Based upon its review, the Board concluded that the Fund’s performance was satisfactory relative to the performance of its peer universe and the index it is designed to track.

In considering the Fund’s fees and expenses, the Board compared the Fund’s fees and total expense ratio with those of comparable funds in its expense group.  Among other findings, the data indicated that the Fund’s advisory and administrative fees (after taking into account waivers and/or reimbursements) (referred to collectively as “management fees”) and the Fund’s total expenses (net of waivers and/or reimbursements) were each below the respective median of the Fund’s expense group.  The Board took into account the Adviser’s current undertaking to maintain expense limitations for the Fund and that the Adviser was waiving and/or reimbursing a portion of the Fund’s expenses.  Based upon its review, the Board concluded that the management and sub-advisory fees were reasonable in view of the nature, extent and quality of services provided by the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, respectively.

The Board reviewed the Adviser’s profitability in regard to the Fund and the Calvert Funds in the aggregate.  In reviewing the overall profitability of the Fund to the Adviser, the Board also considered the fact that the Adviser and its affiliates provided sub-transfer agency support, administrative and distribution services to the Fund for which they received compensation.  The information considered by the Board included the profitability of the Fund to the Adviser and its affiliates without regard to any marketing support or other payments by the Adviser and its affiliates to third parties in respect of distribution services.  The Board also considered that the Adviser and its affiliates derived benefits to their reputation and other indirect benefits from their relationships with the Fund.  Because the Adviser pays the Sub-Adviser’s sub-advisory fee out of its advisory fee and the sub-advisory fee was negotiated at arm’s length by the Adviser, the profitability of the Fund to the Sub-Adviser was not a material factor in the Board’s deliberations concerning the continuation of the investment sub-advisory agreement. Based upon its review, the Board concluded that the level of profitability of the Adviser and its affiliates from their relationships with the Fund was reasonable.

The Board considered the effect of the Fund’s current size and its potential growth on its performance and fees. The Board concluded that adding breakpoints to the advisory fee at specified asset levels would not be appropriate at this time.  Because the Adviser pays the Sub-Adviser’s sub-advisory fee out of its advisory fee and the sub-advisory fee was negotiated at arm’s length by the Adviser, the Board did not consider the potential economies of scale from the Sub-Adviser’s management of the Fund to be a material factor in the Board’s deliberations concerning the continuation of the investment sub-advisory agreement.  The Board noted that if the Fund’s assets increased over time, the Fund might realize other economies of scale if assets increased proportionally more than certain other expenses.

The Fund has implemented a written liquidity risk management program (Program) and related procedures to manage its liquidity in accordance with Rule 22e-4 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (Liquidity Rule). The Liquidity Rule defines “liquidity risk” as the risk that a fund could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the fund without significant dilution of the remaining investors’ interests in the fund. The Fund’s Board of Trustees/Directors has designated the investment adviser to serve as the administrator of the Program and the related procedures. The administrator has established a Liquidity Risk Management Oversight Committee (Committee) to perform the functions necessary to administer the Program. As part of the Program, the administrator is responsible for identifying illiquid investments and categorizing the relative liquidity of the Fund’s investments in accordance with the Liquidity Rule. Under the Program, the administrator assesses, manages, and periodically reviews the Fund’s liquidity risk, and is responsible for making certain reports to the Fund’s Board of Trustees/Directors and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regarding the liquidity of the Fund’s investments, and to notify the Board of Trustees/Directors and the SEC of certain liquidity events specified in the Liquidity Rule. The liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio investments is determined based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations under the Program.

At a meeting of the Fund’s Board of Trustees/Directors on June 13, 2023, the Committee provided a written report to the Fund’s Board of Trustees/ Directors pertaining to the operation, adequacy, and effectiveness of implementation of the Program, as well as the operation of the highly liquid investment minimum (if applicable) for the period January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022 (Review Period). The Program operated effectively during the Review Period, supporting the administrator’s ability to assess, manage and monitor Fund liquidity risk, including during periods of market volatility and net redemptions. During the Review Period, the Fund met redemption requests on a timely basis.

There can be no assurance that the Program will achieve its objectives in the future. Please refer to the Fund’s prospectus for more information regarding the Fund’s exposure to liquidity risk and other principal risks to which an investment in the Fund may be subject.

Performance

Fund Profile

As a Fund shareholder, you incur ongoing costs, including management fees; distribution and/or service fees; and other Fund expenses. This Example is intended to help you understand your ongoing costs (in dollars) of Fund investing and to compare these costs with the ongoing costs of investing in other mutual funds. The Example is based on an investment of $1,000 invested at the beginning of the period and held for the entire period (January 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023).

The first section of the table below provides information about actual account values and actual expenses. You may use the information in this section, together with the amount you invested, to estimate the expenses that you paid over the period. Simply divide your account value by $1,000 (for example, an $8,600 account value divided by $1,000 = 8.6), then multiply the result by the number in the first section under the heading entitled “Expenses Paid During Period” to estimate the expenses you paid on your account during this period.

The second section of the table below provides information about hypothetical account values and hypothetical expenses based on the actual Fund expense ratio and an assumed rate of return of 5% per year (before expenses), which is not the actual Fund return. The hypothetical account values and expenses may not be used to estimate the actual ending account balance or expenses you paid for the period. You may use this information to compare the ongoing costs of investing in the Fund and other funds. To do so, compare this 5% hypothetical example with the 5% hypothetical examples that appear in the shareholder reports of the other funds.

Please note that the expenses shown in the table are meant to highlight your ongoing costs only and do not reflect expenses and charges which are, or may be imposed under the variable annuity contract or variable life insurance policy (variable contracts) (if applicable) or qualified pension or retirement plans (Qualified Plans) through which your investment in the Fund is made. Therefore, the second section of the table is useful in comparing ongoing costs associated with an investment in vehicles which fund benefits under variable contracts and Qualified Plans, and will not help you determine the relative total costs of investing in the Fund through variable contracts or Qualified Plans. In addition, if these expenses and charges imposed under the variable contracts or Qualified Plans were included, your costs would have been higher.