SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE B – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (1) Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Surge, Challenge, and Surge Limited (collectively the “Company”). All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared without audit in accordance with the instructions to Form 10Q for interim financial reporting and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commissions. In the opinion of management, all adjustments are of a normal recurring nature and all disclosures necessary for a fair presentation of these financial statements have been included. The results and trends in these interim consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023 may not be representative of those for the full fiscal year or any future periods. (2) Accounts Receivable Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the net invoice value net of the allowance for credit losses in the consolidated balance sheet and are not interest bearing. The Company considers receivables past due based on the payment terms. The Company reviews its exposure to accounts receivable and reserves specific amounts if collectability is no longer reasonably assured. The Company also reserves a percentage of its trade receivable balance based on collection history and current economic trends that might impact the level of future credit losses. The Company re-evaluates such reserves on a regular basis and adjusts its reserves as needed. Based on the Company’s operating history and customer base, bad debts to date have not been material. Repayment terms vary from customer to customer and range from 15 days to 120 days. (3) Revenue Recognition In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Topic 606.” This ASU replaces nearly all existing U.S. generally accepted accounting principles guidance on revenue recognition. The standard prescribes a five-step model for recognizing revenue, the application of which will require significant judgment by the Company. The Company adopted the standard using the modified retrospective approach in its fiscal year beginning December 1, 2017. The preponderance of the Company’s contracts with customers are standard ship and bill arrangements where revenue is recognized at the time of shipment. Revenue is recognized for products sold by the Company when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed and determinable, collectability is reasonably assured and title and risk of loss have been transferred to the customer. This occurs when product is shipped from the Company’s warehouse. For direct shipments, revenue is recognized when product is shipped from the Company’s supplier. The Company has a long term supply agreement with one of our suppliers. The Company purchases the merchandise from the supplier and has the supplier directly ship to the customer through a freight forwarder. Title passes to customer upon the merchandise being received by a freight forwarder. Direct shipments were approximately $3,844,000 and $1,972,000 for the nine months ended August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023 respectively. The Company also acts as a sales agent to certain customers in North America for one of its suppliers. The Company reports these commissions as revenues in the period earned. Commission revenue totaled $73,235 and $135,130 for the nine months ended August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023 respectively. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and maintains reserves for potential credit losses. The Company and its subsidiaries currently have agreements with several distributors. There are no provisions for the granting of price concessions in any of the agreements. Revenues under these distribution agreements were approximately $3,587,000 and $6,358,000 for the nine months ended August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023 respectively. (4) Inventories Inventories, which consist solely of products held for resale, are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. Products are included in inventory when the Company obtains title and risk of loss on the products, primarily when shipped from the supplier. Inventory in transit principally from foreign suppliers at August 31, 2024 was $841,789. The Company, at August 31, 2024, has a reserve against slow moving and obsolete inventory of $440,646. From time to time the Company’s products are subject to legislation from various authorities on environmental matters. (5) Depreciation and Amortization Fixed assets are recorded at cost. Depreciation is generally calculated on a straight line method and amortization of leasehold improvements is provided for on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the various assets as follows: Furniture, fixtures and equipment 5 - 7 years Computer equipment 5 years Leasehold Improvements Estimated useful life or lease term, whichever is shorter Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred while renewals and betterments are capitalized. (6) Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and accounts receivable. The Company maintains substantially all of its cash balances in a limited number of financial institutions. At August 31, 2024 and November 30, 2023, the Company’s uninsured cash balances totaled $3,082,221 and $6,569,806, respectively. The decrease in cash balances is due to an increase in the investment in marketable securities as partially offset by cash from the Company’s operations. (7) Income Taxes The Company’s deferred income taxes arise primarily from the differences in the recording of allowances for bad debts, inventory reserves, depreciation and other expenses for financial reporting and income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided when it has been determined to be more likely than not that the likelihood of the realization of deferred tax assets will not be realized. See Note H. The Company follows the provisions of the Accounting Standards Codification topic, ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (ASC 740). There have been no unrecognized tax benefits and, accordingly, there has been no effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations as a result of ASC 740. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal tax examinations for years before fiscal years ending November 30, 2021, and state tax examinations for years before fiscal years ending November 30, 2020. Management does not believe there will be any material changes in our unrecognized tax positions over the next twelve months. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. As of the date of adoption of ASC 740, there was no accrued interest or penalties associated with any unrecognized benefits, nor was any interest expense recognized during the nine months ended August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023. (8) Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. (9) Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. (10) Marketing and promotional costs Marketing and promotional costs are expensed as incurred and have not been material to date. The Company has contractual arrangements with several of its distributors which provide for cooperative advertising rights to the distributor as a percentage of sales. Cooperative advertising is reflected as a reduction in revenues and has not been material to date. (11) Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amount of cash balances, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value based on the nature of those items. Estimated fair values of financial instruments are determined using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment is required to interpret the market data used to develop the estimates of fair value, and accordingly, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current market exchange. (12) Marketable securities and other investments Our marketable securities are stated at fair value in accordance with ASC Topic 321, Investments- Equity Securities The value of these marketable securities at August 31, 2024 and November 30, 2023 is as follows: August 31, November 30, 2024 2023 Cost $ 7,636,199 $ 3,203,944 Gross unrealized gain 186,159 828 Gross unrealized loss - - Fair value $ 7,822,358 $ 3,204,772 (13) Shipping Costs The Company classifies shipping costs as a component of selling expenses. Shipping costs totaled $2,022 and $1,572 for nine months ended August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023 respectively. (14) Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The difference between reported basic and diluted weighted-average common shares results from the assumption that all dilutive stock options and convertible preferred stock exercised into common stock. Total potentially dilutive shares excluded from diluted weighted shares outstanding at August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023 totaled 279,977 and 263,438, respectively. (15) Stock Based Compensation Stock Based Compensation to Employees The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation for employees in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718. The Company recognizes in the statement of operations the grant-date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees and non-employees over the related vesting period. Stock Based Compensation to Other than Employees The Company accounts for equity instruments issued in exchange for the receipt of goods or services from other than employees in accordance with ASC 718. Costs are measured at the estimated fair market value of the consideration received or the estimated fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably determinable. The value of equity instruments issued for consideration other than employee services is determined on the earlier of a performance commitment or completion of performance by the provider of goods or services. In the case of equity instruments issued to consultants, the fair value of the equity instrument is recognized over the term of the consulting agreement. (16) Leases On December 1, 2019, the Company adopted the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) The Company determines if a contract contains a lease at inception based on whether it conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset. Substantially all of the Company’s leases are classified as operating leases. The Company records operating lease right-of-use assets within “Other assets” and lease liabilities are recorded within “current and noncurrent liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheets. Lease expenses are recorded within “General and administrative expenses” in the consolidated statements of operations. Operating lease payments are presented within “Operating cash flows” in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the net present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term starting on the commencement date. The Company generally is not able to determine the rate implicit in its leases and, as such, applies an incremental borrowing rate based on the Company’s cost of borrowing for the relevant terms of each lease. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease terms may include an option to extend or terminate a lease if it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate lease components from non-lease components, and also has elected not to record a right-of-use asset or lease liability for leases which, at inception, have a term of twelve months or less. Variable lease payments are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. |