ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES, NONACCRUAL LOANS AND LEASES, AND CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK | NOTE 5 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES, NONACCRUAL LOANS AND LEASES, AND CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK Allowance for Credit Losses Recorded in the ACL is management’s estimate of expected credit losses in the Company’s loan and lease portfolios. See Note 6 in the Company’s 2021 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the ACL reserve methodology and estimation techniques as of December 31, 2021. There were no significant changes to the ACL reserve methodology during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The following table presents a summary of changes in the ACL for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022: Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 (in millions) Commercial Retail Total Commercial Retail Total Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period $778 $942 $1,720 $821 $937 $1,758 Allowance on PCD loans and leases at acquisition 99 2 101 99 2 101 Charge-offs (1) (13) (78) (91) (27) (165) (192) Recoveries 3 39 42 6 78 84 Net charge-offs (10) (39) (49) (21) (87) (108) Provision expense (benefit) for loans and leases (2) 120 72 192 88 125 213 Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period 987 977 1,964 987 977 1,964 Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period 147 11 158 153 23 176 Provision expense (benefit) for unfunded lending commitments 18 6 24 12 (6) 6 Allowance on PCD unfunded lending commitments at acquisition 1 — 1 1 — 1 Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, end of period 166 17 183 166 17 183 Total allowance for credit losses, end of period $1,153 $994 $2,147 $1,153 $994 $2,147 (1) For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, excludes $33 million of charge-offs previously taken by Investors or recognized upon completion of the Investors acquisition under purchase accounting. The initial allowance for loan and lease losses on PCD assets included these amounts and, after charging these amounts off upon acquisition, the net impact for PCD assets was $101 million of additional allowance for loan and lease losses. (2) Includes $145 million and $169 million of initial provision expense related to non-PCD loans and leases acquired from Investors and HSBC for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, net charge-offs of $108 million, the ACL on PCD loans and leases and unfunded lending commitments at acquisition of $102 million, and a credit provision of $219 million resulted in an increase of $213 million to the ACL. Retail NCOs reflected modest improvement for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021, as consumers continued to maintain a savings cushion, the economy approached full employment and residential mortgage and automobile loan collateral values remained elevated. Commercial NCOs decreased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021, as credit performance remained strong. To determine the ACL as of June 30, 2022, the Company utilized an economic forecast that generally reflects real GDP growth on an annual average basis of 2.1% and an average unemployment rate of 4.3% in 2022. This forecast incorporates the risk of a mild recession beginning in the latter half of the year. This compares to the Company’s December 31, 2021 forecast which reflected real GDP growth on an annual average basis of 2.8% and an average unemployment rate of 6% in 2022. To address economic uncertainty, the Company utilizes a qualitative allowance framework to reassess and adjust ACL reserve levels. Macroeconomic forecast risk, driven by uncertainty around and volatility of key macroeconomic variables, is one of the primary factors influencing the Company’s qualitative reserve. The Company’s June 2022 qualitative consideration for macroeconomic risk reflects the Federal Reserve’s aggressively tightening monetary policy and the contraction of fiscal policy, as pandemic-related support winds down. These conditions, weighed together with the impacts of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on key global commodity prices, labor shortage-related wage increases and continuing supply-chain challenges contributing to surging inflation, possibly may push the U.S. economy into a mild recession and create volatility in key macroeconomic variables, including GDP and employment. The following table presents a summary of changes in the ACL for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021: Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 (in millions) Commercial Retail Total Commercial Retail Total Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period $1,146 $1,048 $2,194 $1,233 $1,210 $2,443 Charge-offs (45) (80) (125) (179) (173) (352) Recoveries 4 43 47 34 82 116 Net charge-offs (41) (37) (78) (145) (91) (236) Provision expense (benefit) for loans and leases (152) (17) (169) (135) (125) (260) Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period 953 994 1,947 953 994 1,947 Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period 165 13 178 186 41 227 Provision expense (benefit) for unfunded lending commitments (44) — (44) (65) (28) (93) Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, end of period 121 13 134 121 13 134 Total allowance for credit losses, end of period $1,074 $1,007 $2,081 $1,074 $1,007 $2,081 Credit Quality Indicators The Company presents loan and lease portfolio segments and classes by credit quality indicator and vintage year. Citizens defines the vintage date for the purpose of this disclosure as the date of the most recent credit decision. In general, renewals are categorized as new credit decisions and reflect the renewal date as the vintage date. Loans modified in a TDR are considered a continuation of the original loan and vintage date corresponds with the most recent credit decision. For commercial loans and leases, Citizens utilizes regulatory classification ratings to monitor credit quality. The assignment of regulatory classification ratings occurs at loan origination and are periodically re-evaluated by Citizens utilizing a risk-based approach, including any time management becomes aware of information affecting the borrowers' ability to fulfill their obligations. The review process considers both quantitative and qualitative factors. Loans with a “pass” rating are those that the Company believes will fully repay in accordance with the contractual loan terms. Commercial loans and leases identified as “criticized” have some weakness or potential weakness that indicate an increased probability of future loss. Citizens groups “criticized” loans into three categories, “special mention,” “substandard,” and “doubtful.” Special mention loans have potential weaknesses that, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the Company’s credit position at some future date. Substandard loans are inadequately protected loans; these loans have well-defined weaknesses that could hinder normal repayment or collection of the debt. Doubtful loans have the same weaknesses as substandard, with the added characteristic that the possibility of loss is high and collection of the full amount of the loan is improbable. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of commercial loans and leases, by vintage date and regulatory classification rating, as of June 30, 2022: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior to 2018 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Commercial and industrial Pass $4,730 $9,806 $2,974 $2,830 $1,972 $2,845 $24,106 $90 $49,353 Special Mention 4 127 66 113 17 116 369 1 813 Substandard 3 142 112 332 129 290 458 13 1,479 Doubtful 8 5 14 4 9 24 89 3 156 Total commercial and industrial 4,745 10,080 3,166 3,279 2,127 3,275 25,022 107 51,801 Commercial real estate Pass 3,193 6,487 3,867 3,638 2,602 4,449 2,171 3 26,410 Special Mention — 21 75 268 102 93 2 — 561 Substandard 91 23 — 96 239 629 9 — 1,087 Doubtful — 1 9 — — 2 — — 12 Total commercial real estate 3,284 6,532 3,951 4,002 2,943 5,173 2,182 3 28,070 Leases Pass 114 410 281 125 147 480 — — 1,557 Special Mention — 3 2 — 3 1 — — 9 Substandard — 1 3 3 1 — — — 8 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total leases 114 414 286 128 151 481 — — 1,574 Total commercial Pass (1) 8,037 16,703 7,122 6,593 4,721 7,774 26,277 93 77,320 Special Mention 4 151 143 381 122 210 371 1 1,383 Substandard 94 166 115 431 369 919 467 13 2,574 Doubtful 8 6 23 4 9 26 89 3 168 Total commercial $8,143 $17,026 $7,403 $7,409 $5,221 $8,929 $27,204 $110 $81,445 The following table presents the amortized cost basis of commercial loans and leases, by vintage date and regulatory classification rating, as of December 31, 2021: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans (in millions) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior to 2017 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Commercial and industrial Pass $10,218 $3,336 $3,599 $2,284 $1,426 $1,863 $19,406 $122 $42,254 Special Mention 47 71 155 114 41 64 316 1 809 Substandard 97 112 215 81 50 201 521 17 1,294 Doubtful 1 9 9 22 10 16 74 2 143 Total commercial and industrial 10,363 3,528 3,978 2,501 1,527 2,144 20,317 142 44,500 Commercial real estate Pass 2,766 2,417 3,181 1,756 626 1,119 1,451 3 13,319 Special Mention 45 42 113 100 27 79 — — 406 Substandard 27 — 88 267 78 59 9 — 528 Doubtful 1 9 — — — 1 — — 11 Total commercial real estate 2,839 2,468 3,382 2,123 731 1,258 1,460 3 14,264 Leases Pass 447 262 134 144 66 459 — — 1,512 Special Mention 10 15 — 5 3 16 — — 49 Substandard 1 16 5 2 — — — — 24 Doubtful — — — — — 1 — — 1 Total leases 458 293 139 151 69 476 — — 1,586 Total commercial Pass (1) 13,431 6,015 6,914 4,184 2,118 3,441 20,857 125 57,085 Special Mention 102 128 268 219 71 159 316 1 1,264 Substandard 125 128 308 350 128 260 530 17 1,846 Doubtful 2 18 9 22 10 18 74 2 155 Total commercial $13,660 $6,289 $7,499 $4,775 $2,327 $3,878 $21,777 $145 $60,350 For retail loans, Citizens utilizes FICO credit scores and the loan’s payment and delinquency status to monitor credit quality. Management believes FICO scores are the strongest indicator of credit losses over the contractual life of the loan and assist management in predicting the borrower’s future payment performance. Scores are based on current and historical national industry-wide consumer level credit performance data. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of retail loans, by vintage date and FICO scores, as of June 30, 2022: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior to 2018 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Residential mortgages 800+ $953 $4,170 $3,049 $1,156 $343 $3,023 $— $— $12,694 740-799 1,987 3,723 1,936 738 315 2,049 — — 10,748 680-739 525 1,037 558 313 169 1,005 — — 3,607 620-679 59 149 135 185 108 463 — — 1,099 <620 5 51 77 170 151 456 — — 910 No FICO available (1) — 3 2 4 4 17 — — 30 Total residential mortgages 3,529 9,133 5,757 2,566 1,090 7,013 — — 29,088 Home equity 800+ 2 3 2 6 6 122 4,714 301 5,156 740-799 4 5 2 5 6 117 4,017 291 4,447 680-739 1 1 2 7 14 137 1,940 245 2,347 620-679 — — 2 9 17 110 448 162 748 <620 — — 2 14 19 95 120 174 424 Total home equity 7 9 10 41 62 581 11,239 1,173 13,122 Automobile 800+ 505 1,587 707 423 178 112 — — 3,512 740-799 760 1,984 816 463 198 115 — — 4,336 680-739 699 1,537 610 352 157 89 — — 3,444 620-679 412 787 273 183 90 57 — — 1,802 <620 86 289 137 128 76 55 — — 771 No FICO available (1) 3 — — — — — — — 3 Total automobile 2,465 6,184 2,543 1,549 699 428 — — 13,868 Education 800+ 288 1,703 1,623 751 450 1,201 — — 6,016 740-799 474 1,563 1,299 553 299 683 — — 4,871 680-739 254 489 395 190 118 316 — — 1,762 620-679 26 74 61 38 30 114 — — 343 <620 2 11 15 12 11 48 — — 99 No FICO available (1) 2 — — — — 48 — — 50 Total education 1,046 3,840 3,393 1,544 908 2,410 — — 13,141 Other retail 800+ 89 192 147 81 41 41 440 — 1,031 740-799 128 245 196 109 51 39 891 1 1,660 680-739 119 184 161 81 35 22 864 4 1,470 620-679 79 104 79 28 13 7 385 4 699 <620 20 35 30 12 6 3 142 6 254 No FICO available (1) 5 2 4 — — — 382 1 394 Total other retail 440 762 617 311 146 112 3,104 16 5,508 Total retail 800+ 1,837 7,655 5,528 2,417 1,018 4,499 5,154 301 28,409 740-799 3,353 7,520 4,249 1,868 869 3,003 4,908 292 26,062 680-739 1,598 3,248 1,726 943 493 1,569 2,804 249 12,630 620-679 576 1,114 550 443 258 751 833 166 4,691 <620 113 386 261 336 263 657 262 180 2,458 No FICO available (1) 10 5 6 4 4 65 382 1 477 Total retail $7,487 $19,928 $12,320 $6,011 $2,905 $10,544 $14,343 $1,189 $74,727 (1) Represents loans for which an updated FICO score was unavailable (e.g., due to recent profile changes). The following table presents the amortized cost basis of retail loans, by vintage date and FICO scores, as of December 31, 2021: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans (in millions) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior to 2017 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Residential mortgages 800+ $2,431 $3,017 $1,230 $342 $672 $2,139 $— $— $9,831 740-799 4,015 1,876 746 246 360 1,086 — — 8,329 680-739 1,116 572 335 152 172 585 — — 2,932 620-679 111 130 161 93 107 276 — — 878 <620 24 66 164 162 157 257 — — 830 No FICO available (1) 3 8 1 — — 10 — — 22 Total residential mortgages 7,700 5,669 2,637 995 1,468 4,353 — — 22,822 Home equity 800+ — 2 5 5 3 134 4,394 281 4,824 740-799 — 1 4 5 7 122 3,514 278 3,931 680-739 — 1 7 14 16 134 1,738 243 2,153 620-679 — 3 11 19 17 112 363 167 692 <620 — 2 16 23 20 87 91 176 415 Total home equity — 9 43 66 63 589 10,100 1,145 12,015 Automobile 800+ 1,887 829 538 244 148 57 — — 3,703 740-799 2,418 1,051 615 288 156 58 — — 4,586 680-739 1,968 827 500 234 123 48 — — 3,700 620-679 1,029 378 257 131 72 32 — — 1,899 <620 164 142 155 103 62 32 — — 658 No FICO available (1) 3 — — — — — — — 3 Total automobile 7,469 3,227 2,065 1,000 561 227 — — 14,549 Education 800+ 1,361 1,771 840 514 470 880 — — 5,836 740-799 1,555 1,577 672 371 275 514 — — 4,964 680-739 512 474 229 140 107 262 — — 1,724 620-679 50 66 45 34 28 99 — — 322 <620 5 11 12 12 10 45 — — 95 No FICO available (1) 4 — — — — 52 — — 56 Total education 3,487 3,899 1,798 1,071 890 1,852 — — 12,997 Other retail 800+ 233 214 122 65 30 29 386 — 1,079 740-799 323 296 173 84 38 26 764 2 1,706 680-739 246 240 122 56 23 12 709 5 1,413 620-679 149 119 43 19 7 4 299 5 645 <620 32 37 17 10 3 2 100 6 207 No FICO available (1) 44 5 — — — — 330 1 380 Total other retail 1,027 911 477 234 101 73 2,588 19 5,430 Total retail 800+ 5,912 5,833 2,735 1,170 1,323 3,239 4,780 281 25,273 740-799 8,311 4,801 2,210 994 836 1,806 4,278 280 23,516 680-739 3,842 2,114 1,193 596 441 1,041 2,447 248 11,922 620-679 1,339 696 517 296 231 523 662 172 4,436 <620 225 258 364 310 252 423 191 182 2,205 No FICO available (1) 54 13 1 — — 62 330 1 461 Total retail $19,683 $13,715 $7,020 $3,366 $3,083 $7,094 $12,688 $1,164 $67,813 (1) Represents loans for which an updated FICO score was unavailable (e.g., due to recent profile changes). Nonaccrual and Past Due Assets The following tables present an aging analysis of accruing loans and leases, and nonaccrual loans and leases: June 30, 2022 Days Past Due and Accruing (in millions) Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Nonaccrual Total Nonaccrual with no related ACL Commercial and industrial $51,514 $37 $9 $39 $202 $51,801 $24 Commercial real estate 27,827 172 1 33 37 28,070 7 Leases 1,554 17 3 — — 1,574 — Total commercial 80,895 226 13 72 239 81,445 31 Residential mortgages (1) 28,119 59 34 623 253 29,088 208 Home equity 12,834 36 12 — 240 13,122 186 Automobile 13,660 120 38 — 50 13,868 9 Education 13,068 26 13 3 31 13,141 3 Other retail 5,409 35 24 14 26 5,508 1 Total retail 73,090 276 121 640 600 74,727 407 Total $153,985 $502 $134 $712 $839 $156,172 $438 December 31, 2021 Days Past Due and Accruing (in millions) Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Nonaccrual Total Nonaccrual with no related ACL Commercial and industrial $44,247 $47 $26 $9 $171 $44,500 $36 Commercial real estate 14,247 6 — — 11 14,264 1 Leases 1,570 14 1 — 1 1,586 — Total commercial 60,064 67 27 9 183 60,350 37 Residential mortgages (1) 21,918 102 52 549 201 22,822 137 Home equity 11,745 38 12 — 220 12,015 186 Automobile 14,324 131 39 — 55 14,549 22 Education 12,926 34 13 1 23 12,997 2 Other retail 5,331 40 23 16 20 5,430 2 Total retail 66,244 345 139 566 519 67,813 349 Total $126,308 $412 $166 $575 $702 $128,163 $386 (1) 90+ days past due and accruing includes $623 million and $544 million of loans fully or partially guaranteed by the FHA, VA, and USDA at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Interest income is generally not recognized for loans and leases that are on nonaccrual status. The Company reverses accrued interest receivable with a charge to interest income upon classifying the loan or lease as nonaccrual. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had collateral-dependent residential mortgage and home equity loans totaling $552 million and $542 million, respectively. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had collateral-dependent commercial loans totaling $27 million and $103 million, respectively. The amortized cost basis of mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process was $228 million and $142 million as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Troubled Debt Restructurings The following tables summarize loans modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. The balances represent the post-modification outstanding amortized cost basis and may include loans that became TDRs during the period and were subsequently paid off in full, charged off, or sold prior to period end. Pre-modification balances for modified loans approximate the post-modification balances shown. Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in millions) Number of Contracts Interest Rate Reduction (1) Maturity Extension (2) Other (3) Total Commercial and industrial 9 $— $— $27 $27 Total commercial 9 — — 27 27 Residential mortgages 290 16 39 21 76 Home equity 72 — 1 5 6 Automobile 147 — — 1 1 Education 93 — — 5 5 Other retail 567 3 — 1 4 Total retail 1,169 19 40 33 92 Total 1,178 $19 $40 $60 $119 Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in millions) Number of Contracts Interest Rate Reduction (1) Maturity Extension (2) Other (3) Total Commercial and industrial 15 $— $3 $54 $57 Total commercial 15 — 3 54 57 Residential mortgages 671 8 120 44 172 Home equity 102 1 3 3 7 Automobile 379 1 — 5 6 Education 265 — — 9 9 Other retail 585 1 — — 1 Total retail 2,002 11 123 61 195 Total 2,017 $11 $126 $115 $252 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in millions) Number of Contracts Interest Rate Reduction (1) Maturity Extension (2) Other (3) Total Commercial and industrial 19 $— $24 $34 $58 Total commercial 19 — 24 34 58 Residential mortgages 1,471 38 53 235 326 Home equity 250 2 1 14 17 Automobile 312 1 — 2 3 Education 236 — — 11 11 Other retail 1,088 5 — 1 6 Total retail 3,357 46 54 263 363 Total 3,376 $46 $78 $297 $421 Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in millions) Number of Contracts Interest Rate Reduction (1) Maturity Extension (2) Other (3) Total Commercial and industrial 22 $— $6 $54 $60 Total commercial 22 — 6 54 60 Residential mortgages 713 12 126 47 185 Home equity 249 3 8 7 18 Automobile 1,048 1 — 13 14 Education 412 — — 13 13 Other retail 1,215 4 — 1 5 Total retail 3,637 20 134 81 235 Total 3,659 $20 $140 $135 $295 (1) Includes modifications that consist of multiple concessions, one of which is an interest rate reduction. (2) Includes modifications that consist of multiple concessions, one of which is a maturity extension (unless one of the other concessions was an interest rate reduction). (3) Includes modifications other than interest rate reductions or maturity extensions, such as lowering scheduled payments for a specified period of time, principal forgiveness, and capitalizing arrearages. Also included are the following: deferrals, trial modifications, certain bankruptcies, loans in forbearance and prepayment plans. Modifications can include the deferral of accrued interest resulting in post-modification balances being higher than pre-modification. Modified TDRs resulted in charge-offs of $1 million and $2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $2 million and $4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Unfunded commitments related to TDRs were $90 million and $56 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The following table provides a summary of TDRs that defaulted (became 90 days or more past due) within 12 months of their modification date: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, (dollars in millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Commercial TDRs $— $1 $— $23 Retail TDRs (1) 181 14 196 29 Total $181 $15 $196 $52 (1) Includes $146 million and $1 million of loans fully or partially government guaranteed by the FHA, VA, and USDA for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $156 million and $3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Concentrations of Credit Risk Most of the Company’s lending activity is with customers located in the New England, Mid-Atlantic and Midwest regions. Generally, loans are collateralized by assets including real estate, inventory, accounts receivable, other personal property and investment securities. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Citizens had a significant amount of loans collateralized by residential and commercial real estate. There were no significant concentration risks within the commercial or retail loan portfolios. Exposure to credit losses arising from lending transactions may fluctuate with fair values of collateral supporting loans, which may not perform according to contractual agreements. The Company’s policy is to collateralize loans to the extent necessary; however, unsecured loans are also granted on the basis of the financial strength of the applicant and facts surrounding the transaction. |