ABM Industries (ABM) 10-Q2024 Q3 Quarterly report

This Form 10-Q contains both historical and forward-looking statements regarding ABM and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “ABM,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”). We make forward-looking statements related to future expectations, estimates, and projections that are uncertain and often contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “outlook,” “plan,” “predict,” “should,” “target,” or other similar words or phrases. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Particular risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to be materially different from those expressed in our forward-looking statements include those listed below:

The list of factors above is illustrative and by no means exhaustive. Additional information regarding these and other risks and uncertainties we face is contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2023, and in other reports (including all amendments to those reports) we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

We urge readers to consider these risks and uncertainties in evaluating our forward-looking statements. We caution readers not to place undue reliance upon any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.

(UNAUDITED)

ABM is a leading provider of integrated facility services with a mission to make a difference, every person, every day. We are organized into four industry groups and one Technical Solutions segment:

Through these groups, we offer janitorial, facilities engineering, parking, and specialized mechanical and electrical technical solutions, on a standalone basis or in combination with other services.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with (i) United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and (ii) the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of our management, our unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes (the “Financial Statements”) include all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for the fair statement of the interim periods presented. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements (and notes thereto) in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2023. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to years are to our fiscal years, which end on October 31.

We round amounts in the Financial Statements to millions and calculate all percentages and per-share data from the underlying whole-dollar amounts. Thus, certain amounts may not foot, crossfoot, or recalculate based on reported numbers due to rounding.

We operate certain parking facilities under management reimbursement arrangements. Under these arrangements, we manage the parking facilities for management fees and pass through the revenues and expenses associated with the facilities to the owners. These revenues and expenses are reported in equal amounts as costs reimbursed from our managed locations. Management reimbursement revenue for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024, was $79.6 million and $236.6 million, respectively. Management reimbursement revenue for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023, was $77.9 million and $223.8 million, respectively.

Effective June 21, 2024, we acquired Quality Uptime Services, Inc. (“Quality Uptime”), an uninterrupted power supply system (“UPS”) installation and maintenance company providing customized preventive and emergency service programs for mission-critical data centers and other facilities, for a net cash purchase price of approximately $118.2 million (subject to customary working capital adjustments). The acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method. Accordingly, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recognized on the date of acquisition at their estimated fair values, with the excess of the purchase price recorded as goodwill. The goodwill is amortizable over 15 years for income tax purposes. As of July 31, 2024, we recorded preliminary goodwill and intangibles of $79.5 million and $35.2 million, respectively. The total assets acquired, excluding goodwill and intangibles, and liabilities assumed amounted to $24.9 million and $21.4 million, respectively. The acquisition accounting is subject to change as we obtain additional information about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date during the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the acquisition date. The final acquisition accounting may include changes to non-current assets, including intangible assets and working capital.

The unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024, include revenues of $8.2 million attributable to Quality Uptime, which are included in our Technical Solutions segment.

On September 1, 2022, we completed the acquisition of all of the equity interests of RavenVolt, Inc. (“RavenVolt”), a nationwide provider of advanced turn-key microgrid systems utilized by diversified commercial and industrial customers, national retailers, utilities, and municipalities. RavenVolt’s operations are included within our Technical Solutions segment.

The purchase price for the acquisition was approximately $170.0 million in cash at closing (subject to customary working capital adjustments) plus the potential of post-closing contingent consideration of up to $280.0 million. The post-closing contingent consideration would be payable in cash in calendar years 2024, 2025, and 2026 if RavenVolt’s earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”), as defined in the RavenVolt merger agreement, meets or exceeds certain defined targets. In 2024, defined EBITDA targets were not achieved, and as a result, no contingent consideration payment was made in 2024 for calendar year 2023.

The maximum remaining contingent consideration that is payable in calendar years 2025 and 2026 is $75.0 million and $130.0 million, respectively. If the EBITDA achieved for calendar years 2023–2025 cumulatively meets the defined EBITDA targets, the entire $280.0 million would be paid in calendar year 2026, minus any earn-out payments made in 2024 and 2025. The estimate of the fair value of the contingent consideration on the date of acquisition was $59.0 million.

At October 31, 2023, the estimate of the fair value of the contingent consideration was $13.4 million. At July 31, 2024, the estimate of the fair value of the contingent consideration was $49.4 million. The change in the fair value of $36.0 million is recognized within “Selling, general and administrative expenses” of the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

We generate revenues under several types of contracts, which are further explained below. Generally, the type of contract is determined by the nature of the services provided by each of our major service lines throughout our reportable segments; therefore, we disaggregate revenues from contracts with customers into major service lines. We have determined that disaggregating revenues into these categories best depicts how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Our reportable segments are B&I, M&D, Education, Aviation, and Technical Solutions, as described in Note 12, “Segment Information.”

maintenance and repair services for clients in the public and private sectors and are generally structured as Energy Savings, Fixed-Price Repair, and Refurbishment contracts. We also franchise certain operations under franchise agreements relating to our Linc Network and TEGG brands pursuant to franchise contracts.

We have arrangements under various contract types, as described in Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2023.

Certain arrangements involve variable consideration (primarily per transaction fees, reimbursable expenses, and sales-based royalties). We do not estimate the variable consideration for these arrangements; rather, we recognize these variable fees as they are earned. Some of our contracts, often related to Airline Services, may also include performance incentives based on variable performance measures that are ascertained exclusively by future performance and therefore cannot be estimated at contract inception and are recognized as revenue once known and mutually agreed upon. We include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current, and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us.

The majority of our contracts include performance obligations that are primarily satisfied over time as we provide the related services. These contract types include: monthly fixed-price; square-foot; cost-plus; work orders; transaction-price; hourly; management reimbursement; leased location; allowance; energy savings contracts; and fixed-price repair and refurbishment contracts, as well as our franchise and royalty fee arrangements. We recognize revenue as the services are performed using a measure of progress that is determined by the contract type. Generally, most of our contracts are cancelable by either party without a substantive penalty, and the majority have a notification period of 30 to 90 days.

We primarily account for our performance obligations under the series guidance, using the as-invoiced practical expedient when applicable. We apply the as-invoiced practical expedient to record revenue as the services are provided, given the nature of the services provided and the frequency of billing under the customer contracts. Under this practical expedient, we recognize revenue in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our performance completed to date and for which we have the right to invoice the customer.

At July 31, 2024, performance obligations that were unsatisfied for which we expect to recognize revenue totaled $273.3 million. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately 71% of the remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months, with the remainder recognized thereafter, based on our estimates of project timing.

The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in contract assets and contract liabilities, as further explained below. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers.

Contract assets primarily consist of billed trade receivables, unbilled trade receivables, and costs incurred in excess of amounts billed. Billed and unbilled trade receivables represent amounts from work completed in which we have an unconditional right to bill our customer. Costs incurred in excess of amounts billed typically arise when the

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. We generally classify contract liabilities as current since the related contracts are generally for a period of one year or less. Contract liabilities decrease as we recognize revenue from the satisfaction of the related performance obligation.

The following tables present the balances in our contract assets and contract liabilities:

In addition to assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, we are also required to measure certain items at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets can include: goodwill; intangible assets; property, plant and equipment; lease-related ROU assets; and long-lived assets that have been reduced to fair value when they are held for sale. If certain triggering events occur, or if an annual impairment test is required, then we would evaluate these non-financial assets for impairment. If an impairment were to occur, then the asset would be recorded at the estimated fair value, using primarily unobservable Level 3 inputs.

We use a combination of insured and self-insurance programs to cover workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile liability, property damage, and other insurable risks. For the majority of these insurance

We maintain our reserves for workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile liability, and property damage insurance claims based upon known trends and events and the actuarial estimates of required reserves considering the most recently completed actuarial reports. We use all available information to develop our best estimate of insurance claims reserves as information is obtained. The results of actuarial reviews are used to estimate our insurance rates and insurance reserves for future periods and to adjust reserves, if appropriate, for prior years.

We review our self-insurance liabilities on a regular basis and adjust our accruals accordingly. Actual claims activity or development may vary from our assumptions and estimates, which may result in material losses or gains. As we obtain additional information that affects the assumptions and estimates used in our reserve liability calculations, we adjust our self-insurance rates and reserves for future periods and, if appropriate, adjust our reserves for claims incurred in prior accounting periods.

During the third quarter of 2024, we performed a comprehensive actuarial review of the majority of our casualty insurance programs that considered changes in claims development and claims payment activity for the period of November 1, 2023, through April 30, 2024 (the “Actuarial Review”). The Actuarial Review was comprehensive in nature and was based on loss development patterns, trend assumptions, and underlying expected loss costs during the period analyzed.

Based on the results of the Actuarial Review, we increased our total reserves related to prior years for known claims as well as our estimate of the loss amounts associated with incurred but not reported claims (“IBNR claims”) by $17.9 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2024. During the nine months ended July 31, 2023, we decreased our total reserves related to prior years by $5.3 million. We will continue to assess ongoing developments, which may result in further adjustments to reserves.

On September 1, 2017, we refinanced and replaced our then-existing $800.0 million credit facility with a new senior, secured five-year syndicated credit facility (the “Credit Facility”), consisting of a $900.0 million revolving line of credit (the “Revolver”) and an $800.0 million amortizing term loan, both of which matured on September 1, 2022. In accordance with terms of the Credit Facility, the revolver was reduced to $800.0 million on September 1, 2018.

On June 28, 2021, the Company amended and restated the Credit Facility (the “Amended Credit Facility”), extending the maturity date to June 28, 2026, and increasing the capacity of the revolving credit facility from $800.0 million to $1.3 billion and the then-remaining term loan outstanding from $620.0 million to $650.0 million. The Amended Credit Facility provides for the issuance of up to $350.0 million for standby letters of credit and the issuance of up to $75.0 million in swingline advances. The obligations under the Amended Credit Facility are secured on a first-priority basis by a lien on substantially all of our assets and properties, subject to certain exceptions. Additionally, we may repay amounts borrowed under the Amended Credit Facility at any time without penalty.

At November 1, 2022, we amended our Amended Credit Facility pursuant to the LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) Transition Amendment and the Fifth Amendment to replace the benchmark rate at which U.S.dollar-denominated borrowings bear interest from LIBOR to the forward-looking Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) term rate administered by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited. As a result of these amendments, we can borrow at Term SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% subject to a floor of zero.

The Amended Credit Facility contains certain covenants, including a maximum total net leverage ratio of 5.00 to 1.00, a maximum secured net leverage ratio of 4.00 to 1.00, and a minimum interest coverage ratio of 1.50 to 1.00, as well as other financial and non-financial covenants. In the event of a material acquisition, as defined in the Amended Credit Facility, we may elect to increase the maximum total net leverage ratio to 5.50 to 1.00 for a total of four fiscal quarters and increase the maximum secured net leverage ratio to 4.50 to 1.00 for a total of four fiscal quarters. Our borrowing capacity is subject to, and limited by, compliance with the covenants described above. At July 31, 2024, we were in compliance with these covenants.

The Amended Credit Facility also includes customary events of default, including: failure to pay principal, interest, or fees when due; failure to comply with covenants; the occurrence of certain material judgments; and a change in control of the Company. If certain events of default occur, including certain cross-defaults, insolvency, change in control, or violation of specific covenants, then the lenders can terminate or suspend our access to the Amended Credit Facility, declare all amounts outstanding (including all accrued interest and unpaid fees) to be immediately due and payable, and require that we cash collateralize the outstanding standby letters of credit.

We incurred deferred financing costs of $6.4 million in conjunction with the execution of the Amended Credit Facility and carried over $6.2 million of unamortized deferred financing from initial execution and previous amendments of the Credit Facility. Total deferred financing costs of $12.6 million, consisting of $4.9 million related to the term loan and $7.7 million related to the revolver, are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Amended Credit Facility.

During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024, we made principal payments under the term loan of $8.1 million and $24.4 million, respectively. As of July 31, 2024, the following principal payments are required under the Amended Credit Facility:

We utilize interest rate swap agreements to fix the variable interest rates on portions of our debt. The purpose of using these derivatives is to reduce our exposure to the interest rate risk associated with variable borrowings. Under these agreements, we typically pay a fixed interest rate in exchange for a SOFR-based variable interest rate on a given notional amount. All of our interest rate swaps are designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are reported as a component of other comprehensive income and are reclassified into earnings in the period or periods in which the hedged transaction affects earnings. For information regarding the valuation of our interest rate swaps, see Note 6, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments.”

Effective December 13, 2023, our Board of Directors expanded our existing share repurchase program by an additional $150.0 million. No shares were repurchased during the three months ended July 31, 2024. During the nine months ended July 31, 2024, there were share repurchases as summarized below. At July 31, 2024, authorization for $186.5 million of repurchases remained under our share repurchase program.

We use letters of credit and surety bonds to secure certain commitments related to insurance programs and for other purposes. As of July 31, 2024, these letters of credit totaled $57.9 million and surety bonds and surety-backed letters of credit totaled $827.1 million.

In some instances, we offer clients guaranteed energy savings under certain energy savings contracts. At July 31, 2024, total guarantees were $229.9 million and extend through 2044. We include the estimated costs of guarantees in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current, and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us. Historically, we have not incurred any material losses in connection with these guarantees.

We collect sales tax from clients and remit those collections to the applicable states. In some cases when clients fail to pay their invoices, including the amount of any sales tax that we paid on their behalf, we may be entitled to seek a refund of that amount of sales tax from the applicable state.

We are a party to a number of lawsuits, claims, and proceedings incident to the operation of our business, including those pertaining to labor and employment, contracts, personal injury, and other matters, some of which allege substantial monetary damages. Some of these actions may be brought as class actions on behalf of a class or purported class of employees.

At July 31, 2024, the total amount accrued for probable litigation losses where a reasonable estimate of the loss could be made was $14.3 million. We do not accrue for contingent losses that, in our judgment, are considered to be reasonably possible but not probable. The estimation of reasonably possible losses also requires the analysis of multiple possible outcomes that often depend on judgments about potential actions by third parties. Our management currently estimates the range of loss for all reasonably possible losses for which a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made is between zero and $8.7 million. Factors underlying this estimated range of loss may change from time to time, and actual results may vary significantly from this estimate.

Litigation outcomes are difficult to predict, and the estimation of probable losses requires the analysis of multiple possible outcomes that often depend on judgments about potential actions by third parties. If one or more matters are resolved in a particular period in an amount in excess of or in a manner different than what we anticipated, this could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

In some cases, although a loss is probable or reasonably possible, we cannot reasonably estimate the maximum potential losses for probable matters or the range of losses for reasonably possible matters. Therefore, our accrual for probable losses and our estimated range of loss for reasonably possible losses do not represent our maximum possible exposure.

In determining whether to include any particular lawsuit or other proceeding in our disclosure, we consider both quantitative and qualitative factors. These factors include, but are not limited to: the amount of damages and the nature of any other relief sought in the proceeding; if such damages and other relief are specified, our view of the merits of the claims; whether the action is or purports to be a class action, and our view of the likelihood that a class will be certified by the court; the jurisdiction in which the proceeding is pending; and the potential impact of the proceeding on our reputation.

We are currently not a party to any material legal proceedings, and we are not aware of filings of any pending or contemplated litigation, claims, or assessments. There can be no assurance that future legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business or otherwise will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2024, was impacted by discrete items related to energy efficiency incentives, and the non-taxable change in the fair value of the contingent consideration related to the RavenVolt Acquisition. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2023, was impacted by discrete items related to ERC refunds received from the IRS, and the non-taxable change in the fair value of the contingent consideration related to the RavenVolt Acquisition.

Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended July 31, 2024, was impacted by discrete items, primarily from a change in uncertain tax positions, energy efficiency incentives, a return to provision adjustment related to our non-U.S. operations, a benefit for share-based compensation, and the non-taxable change in the fair value of the contingent consideration related to the RavenVolt Acquisition. Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 was impacted by discrete items, primarily from share-based compensation, ERC refunds received

We plan to reinvest our foreign earnings to fund future non-U.S. growth and expansion, and we do not anticipate remitting such earnings to the United States. While U.S. federal tax expense has been recognized as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, no deferred tax liabilities with respect to federal and state income taxes or foreign withholding taxes have been recognized.

Our current reportable segments consist of B&I, M&D, Education, Aviation, and Technical Solutions, as further described below.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to facilitate an understanding of the results of operations and financial condition of ABM. This MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Financial Statements and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2023, which has been filed with the SEC. This MD&A contains forward-looking statements about our business, operations, and industry that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements regarding our plans, objectives, expectations, and intentions. Our future results and financial condition may be materially different from those we currently anticipate. See “Forward-Looking Statements” for more information.

Throughout the MD&A, amounts and percentages may not recalculate due to rounding. Unless otherwise indicated, all information in the MD&A and references to years are based on our fiscal years, which end on October 31.

A large M&D client is now rebalancing a portion of its work needs as part of its normal procurement process. We expect M&D’s financial results to be adversely impacted in the near-term.

We review our self-insurance liabilities on a regular basis and adjust our accruals accordingly. Actual claims activity or development may vary from our assumptions and estimates, which may result in material losses or gains. As we obtain additional information that affects the assumptions and estimates used in our reserve liability

During the third quarter of 2024, we performed a comprehensive actuarial review of the majority of our casualty insurance programs that considered changes in claims development and claims payment activity for the period of November 1, 2023, through April 30, 2024 (the “Actuarial Review”). The Actuarial Review was comprehensive in nature and was based on loss development patterns, trend assumptions, and underlying expected loss costs during the period analyzed.

Based on the results of the Actuarial Review and Interim Update at April 30, 2024, we increased our total reserves related to prior years for known claims as well as our estimate of the loss amounts associated with IBNR claims by $17.9 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2024. During the nine months ended July 31, 2023, we decreased our total reserves related to prior years’ claims by $5.3 million. We will continue to assess ongoing developments, which may result in further adjustments to reserves.

Our current reportable segments consist of B&I, M&D, Education, Aviation, and Technical Solutions, as further described below.

Revenues increased by $66.0 million, or 3.3%, to $2,094.2 million during the three months ended July 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year period. Revenue growth was comprised of organic growth of 2.8% and acquisition growth of 0.4%. The organic revenue growth was due to the higher project revenues due to the timing of certain microgrid systems design and installation projects within Technical Solutions, and net new business and expansion of business with existing customers within Aviation and Education. The increase in revenues was partially offset by attrition of engineering customers within B&I and the expected rebalancing of the scope of work with an existing customer within M&D. Acquisition growth was driven by an $8.2 million revenue increase from the Quality Uptime Acquisition, which was completed in June 2024.

Operating expenses increased by $65.2 million, or 3.7%, to $1,831.0 million during the three months ended July 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year period. Gross margin decreased by 37 bps to 12.6% in the three months ended July 31, 2024, from 12.9% in the prior year period. The decrease in gross margin was primarily driven by an $8.3 million unfavorable self-insurance reserve adjustment related to prior year claims from actuarial evaluations completed in the three months ended July 31, 2024, as compared to a favorable $5.3 million adjustment recorded in the three months ended July 31, 2023, partially offset by labor efficiencies within Aviation and Education and the contract mix within M&D and Technical Solutions.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $107.5 million to $211.8 million during the three months ended July 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year period. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to:

Amortization of intangible assets decreased by $5.2 million, or 27.3%, to $14.0 million during the three months ended July 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year period. The decrease was primarily due to the lower amortization of intangibles, primarily intangibles acquired as part of the RavenVolt Acquisition.

Interest expense increased by $0.3 million to $21.2 million during the three months ended July 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year period, and was driven by higher borrowings from our Amended Credit Facility to fund the Quality Uptime Acquisition.

Our effective tax rates from income on operations for the three months ended July 31, 2024, and July 31, 2023, were 74.0% and 17.7%, respectively, resulting in provisions for taxes of $13.3 million and $21.2 million, respectively.

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2024, was impacted by discrete items related to energy efficiency incentives, and the non-taxable change in the fair value of the contingent consideration related to the RavenVolt Acquisition. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2023, was impacted by discrete items related to ERC refunds received from the IRS and the non-taxable change in the fair value of the contingent consideration related to the RavenVolt Acquisition.

We had a loss of $12.4 million on interest rate swaps during the three months ended July 31, 2024, as compared to a gain of $12.8 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, primarily due to underlying changes in the fair value of our interest rate swaps.

We had a foreign currency translation gain of $2.7 million during the three months ended July 31, 2024, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $3.1 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023. This change was due to fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar (“USD”) and the British pound sterling (“GBP”). Future gains and losses on foreign currency translation will be dependent upon changes in the relative value of foreign currencies to the USD and the extent of our foreign assets and liabilities.

Operating profit decreased by $1.1 million, or 1.3%, to $77.8 million during the three months ended July 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin decreased by 2 bps to 7.7% in the three months ended July 31, 2024, from 7.7% in the prior year period. The decrease in operating profit margin was primarily driven by contract and service mix and higher bad debt expense, partially offset by lower amortization of intangible assets.

Operating profit increased by 7.5% to $40.9 million during the three months ended July 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin increased by 89 bps to 10.9% in the three months ended July 31, 2024, from 10.0% in the prior year period. The increase in operating profit margin was primarily attributable to the contract mix.