Business Segment Information | 18. Business Segment Information Effective January 31, 2023, the Company formed the Vocational segment by combining the historical Fire & Emergency and Commercial segment businesses. All information has been restated to conform to the new reporting segments. As a result, the Company is organized into three reportable segments based on the internal organization used by the Chief Executive Officer for making operating decisions and measuring performance and based on the similarity of customers served, common management, common use of facilities and economic results attained. The Company’s reportable segments are as follows: Access : This segment consists of JLG, JerrDan and Hinowa. JLG designs and manufactures aerial work platforms and telehandlers that are sold worldwide for use in a wide variety of construction, industrial, institutional and general maintenance applications to position workers and materials at elevated heights. JerrDan designs, manufactures and markets towing and recovery equipment in the U.S. and abroad. Hinowa specializes in manufacturing equipment for working at heights and moving earth, such as aerial platforms, mini dumpers and tracked lift trucks, as well as undercarriages. Access customers include equipment rental companies, construction contractors, manufacturing companies and home improvement centers. Defense : This segment consists of Oshkosh Defense, Pratt Miller and snow removal vehicles for military and civilian airports. These business units design and manufacture tactical wheeled vehicles and supply parts and services for the U.S. military and for other militaries around the world, delivery vehicles for the USPS, as well as offer engineering and product development services primarily to customers in the motorsports and multiple ground vehicle markets. Vocational : This segment includes Pierce, Airport Products, Maxi-Metal, Kewaunee, McNeilus, IMT and Oshkosh Commercial. The Pierce, Airport Products, Maxi-Metal, and Kewaunee business units design, manufacture and market commercial and custom fire apparatus, simulators and emergency vehicles primarily for fire departments, airports and other governmental units, and broadcast vehicles for broadcasters and TV stations in the U.S. and abroad. McNeilus designs, manufactures, markets and distributes refuse collection vehicles and components. IMT is a designer and manufacturer of field service vehicles and truck-mounted cranes for niche markets. Oshkosh Commercial designs, manufactures, markets and distributes front discharge concrete mixer vehicles and components. Sales are made primarily to commercial and municipal customers in the Americas. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting , for purposes of business segment performance measurement, the Company does not allocate to individual business segments costs or items that are of a non-operating nature or organizational or functional expenses of a corporate nature. The caption “Corporate” includes corporate office expenses, new product development costs, stock-based compensation, costs of certain business initiatives and shared services or operations benefiting multiple segments, and results of insignificant operations. Identifiable assets of the business segments exclude general corporate assets, which principally consist of cash and cash equivalents, certain property, plant and equipment, and certain other assets pertaining to corporate activities. Intersegment sales generally include amounts invoiced by a segment for work performed for another segment. Amounts are based on actual work performed and agreed-upon pricing, which is intended to be reflective of the contribution made by the supplying business segment. Selected financial information concerning the Company’s reportable segments and product lines is as follows (in millions): Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 2022 External Inter- Net External Inter- Net Net sales: Access Aerial work platforms $ 602.0 $ — $ 602.0 $ 439.7 $ — $ 439.7 Telehandlers 341.4 — 341.4 229.7 — 229.7 Other 249.8 — 249.8 213.6 0.1 213.7 Total Access 1,193.2 — 1,193.2 883.0 0.1 883.1 Defense 512.8 0.3 513.1 535.2 0.4 535.6 Vocational Fire apparatus 288.4 — 288.4 279.9 — 279.9 Refuse collection 141.9 — 141.9 129.3 — 129.3 Other 131.7 0.7 132.4 118.3 1.8 120.1 Total Vocational 562.0 0.7 562.7 527.5 1.8 529.3 Corporate and intersegment eliminations 0.1 ( 1.0 ) ( 0.9 ) — ( 2.3 ) ( 2.3 ) Consolidated $ 2,268.1 $ — $ 2,268.1 $ 1,945.7 $ — $ 1,945.7 Three Months Ended 2023 2022 Operating income (loss): Access $ 135.0 $ 5.7 Defense 1.7 19.4 Vocational 28.1 41.0 Corporate ( 34.0 ) ( 34.3 ) Consolidated 130.8 31.8 Interest expense, net of interest income ( 7.2 ) ( 11.6 ) Miscellaneous other income 5.8 1.1 Income before income taxes and losses of unconsolidated affiliates $ 129.4 $ 21.3 March 31, December 31, Identifiable assets: Access: U.S. $ 2,712.8 $ 2,493.0 Europe, Africa and Middle East 691.6 562.2 Rest of the World 430.8 428.4 Total Access 3,835.2 3,483.6 Defense: U.S. 2,077.0 2,060.0 Rest of the World 6.8 6.9 Total Defense 2,083.8 2,066.9 Vocational: U.S. 1,102.0 1,063.4 Rest of the World 36.5 64.6 Total Vocational 1,138.5 1,128.0 Corporate - U.S. (a) 858.9 1,050.5 Consolidated $ 7,916.4 $ 7,729.0 (a) Primarily includes cash and short-term investments and the Company’s global headquarters. The following table presents net sales by geographic region based on product shipment destination (in millions): Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Access Defense Vocational Eliminations Total Net sales: North America $ 948.6 $ 427.6 $ 553.4 $ ( 0.9 ) $ 1,928.7 Europe, Africa and Middle East 136.7 85.3 1.7 — 223.7 Rest of the World 107.9 0.2 7.6 — 115.7 Consolidated $ 1,193.2 $ 513.1 $ 562.7 $ ( 0.9 ) $ 2,268.1 Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Access Defense Vocational Eliminations Total Net sales: North America $ 732.9 $ 524.3 $ 514.7 $ ( 2.3 ) $ 1,769.6 Europe, Africa and Middle East 81.0 11.0 0.9 — 92.9 Rest of the World 69.2 0.3 13.7 — 83.2 Consolidated $ 883.1 $ 535.6 $ 529.3 $ ( 2.3 ) $ 1,945.7 |