Stockholders' Equity | Note 5. Stockholders' Equity Dividends On January 16, 2020 , our board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.25 per share of common stock to be paid in cash on February 28, 2020 to shareholders of record at the close of business on January 31, 2020 . We paid aggregate annual dividends per share of $0.87 , $0.77 , and $0.64 in 2019 , 2018 , and 2017 , respectively. Stock Options Effective January 2, 2020, the compensation committee of our board of directors granted to our employees options to purchase a total of 877,299 shares of our common stock at an exercise strike price of $38.00 per share. The closing stock price on the effective date of the grant was $37.23 per share. On the same date, certain of our non-employee directors elected to forgo all or a portion of the 2020 annual cash retainer in exchange for options to acquire a total of 24,964 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $38.00 per share. The following tables summarize the details of options granted under our stock option plans that were still outstanding as of December 31, 2019, and the assumptions used to value those grants. All such grants were effective at the close of business on the date of grant. Options Granted Option Exercise (Strike) Price Closing Stock Price on Date of Grant December 31, 2019 Date of Grant Options Outstanding Options Exercisable January 2, 2019 1,316,924 $ 26.00 $ 25.705 1,279,842 29,010 January 2, 2018 1,087,936 $ 27.50 $ 27.270 1,019,440 42,370 January 3, 2017 1,529,578 $ 23.50 $ 23.475 1,197,606 332,132 April 19, 2016 1,690,880 $ 23.00 $ 22.870 1,220,524 447,166 April 21, 2015 1,786,440 $ 21.00 $ 20.630 833,593 444,589 April 22, 2014 1,910,000 $ 28.00 $ 25.265 599,128 357,268 April 16, 2013 410,000 $ 27.00 $ 24.625 97,472 58,722 April 17, 2012 2,470,000 $ 27.00 $ 24.505 547,112 440,310 April 19, 2011 820,000 $ 17.50 $ 15.890 12,500 12,500 Total 13,021,758 6,807,217 2,164,067 Date of Grant Risk-free Interest Rate Expected Life of Option in Years Expected Dividend Yield Expected Stock Volatility Estimated Fair Value of Stock Option January 2, 2019 2.5 % 5.00 2.9 % 23.96 % $ 4.40 January 2, 2018 2.2 % 5.00 2.3 % 23.45 % $ 5.02 January 3, 2017 1.9 % 5.00 2.6 % 24.49 % $ 4.20 April 19, 2016 1.3 % 5.00 2.6 % 26.34 % $ 4.09 April 21, 2015 1.3 % 5.00 2.7 % 26.84 % $ 3.68 April 22, 2014 1.8 % 5.00 2.0 % 28.55 % $ 4.79 April 16, 2013 0.7 % 5.00 1.6 % 37.42 % $ 6.33 April 17, 2012 0.9 % 5.00 1.4 % 39.25 % $ 6.85 April 19, 2011 2.1 % 5.00 1.6 % 39.33 % $ 5.60 All of the options in the tables above vest and become exercisable over a period of up to eight years . Generally, each option will terminate approximately nine years after the grant date. The fair value of each share-based option is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes valuation method that uses the assumptions listed above. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rate over the expected life of the option at the time of grant. The expected life is the average length of time over which we expect the employee groups will exercise their options, which is based on historical experience with similar grants. The dividend yield is estimated over the expected life of the option based on our current dividend payout, historical dividends paid, and expected future cash dividends. Expected stock volatilities are based on the movement of our stock price over the most recent historical period equivalent to the expected life of the option. A summary of activities under our stock option plans consisted of the following: Options Outstanding Exercise Price (1) Remaining Life (2) Outstanding as of January 1, 2019 7,999,264 $ 24.765 5.61 Granted 1,316,924 $ 26.000 9.00 Exercised (2,325,073 ) $ 25.150 Cancelled/forfeited (183,898 ) $ 24.630 Outstanding as of December 31, 2019 6,807,217 $ 24.890 6.09 Exercisable as of December 31, 2019 2,164,067 $ 24.510 4.30 Options Outstanding Exercise (1) Remaining Life (2) Outstanding as of January 1, 2018 7,897,816 $ 24.140 5.89 Granted 1,087,936 $ 27.500 9.00 Exercised (620,766 ) $ 21.655 Cancelled/forfeited (365,722 ) $ 24.430 Outstanding as of December 31, 2018 7,999,264 $ 24.765 5.61 Exercisable as of December 31, 2018 3,108,756 $ 25.530 3.69 (1) Weighted average exercise price. (2) Weighted average remaining contractual life in years. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2019 , 2018 , and 2017 was $20.2 , $4.2 , and $6.9 , respectively. The intrinsic value represents the difference between the exercise price and fair value of the underlying shares at the date of exercise. At December 31, 2019 , there was $13.1 of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding unvested stock options granted under the employee stock option plan. This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.82 years. Any future change in estimated forfeitures will impact this amount. The total grant date fair value of stock options vested under our employee stock option plan during 2019 , 2018 , and 2017 was $5.9 , $5.3 , and $4.2 , respectively. Total stock-based compensation expense related to our employee stock option plan was $5.7 , $5.1 , and $5.2 for 2019 , 2018 , and 2017 , respectively. Shares Outstanding Shares of common stock outstanding were as follows: 2019 2018 2017 Balance at beginning of year 571,803,838 575,183,072 578,323,848 Stock options exercised 2,325,073 620,766 659,224 Purchases of common stock — (4,000,000 ) (3,800,000 ) Balance at end of year 574,128,911 571,803,838 575,183,072 Earnings Per Share The following tables present a reconciliation of the denominators used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share and a summary of the options to purchase shares of common stock which were excluded from the diluted earnings calculation because they were anti-dilutive: Reconciliation 2019 2018 2017 Basic weighted average shares outstanding 573,202,152 573,933,834 576,416,870 Weighted shares assumed upon exercise of stock options 1,239,476 391,694 268,596 Diluted weighted average shares outstanding 574,441,628 574,325,528 576,685,466 Summary of Anti-dilutive Options Excluded 2019 2018 2017 Options to purchase shares of common stock — 3,159,514 7,048,802 Weighted average exercise prices of options $ — 27.510 24.925 Any dilutive impact summarized above related to periods when the average market price of our stock exceeded the exercise price of the potentially dilutive stock options then outstanding. |