ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND CREDIT QUALITY INFORMATION | 8. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND CREDIT QUALITY INFORMATION The following table provides the activity of the Company's allowance for credit losses and loan and lease balances for the year ended December 31, 2020 under the CECL model in accordance with ASC 326 (as adopted on January 1, 2020). During 2020, the increase to the allowance for credit losses was primarily due to the Company's initial adoption of CECL, acute deterioration in the economic forecast used in its CECL models related to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and enhanced loan reviews which resulted in risk migration that occurred during the year in several specific portfolios, mainly in the accommodation and food service industries. (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial (1) Owner- occupied Commercial Commercial Mortgages Construction Residential (2) Consumer (3) Total Year Ended December 31, 2020 Allowance for credit losses Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASC 326 $ 22,849 $ 4,616 $ 7,452 $ 3,891 $ 1,381 $ 7,387 $ 47,576 Impact of adopting ASC 326 (4) 19,747 (1,472) 1,662 681 7,522 7,715 35,855 Charge-offs (10,388) (336) (104) — (229) (2,464) (13,521) Recoveries 4,255 142 158 36 230 893 5,714 Provision (credit) 114,412 6,665 21,903 7,582 (2,011) 4,629 153,180 Ending balance $ 150,875 $ 9,615 $ 31,071 $ 12,190 $ 6,893 $ 18,160 $ 228,804 Period-end allowance allocated to: Loans evaluated on an individual basis $ 1 $ — $ 13 $ — $ — $ — $ 14 Loans evaluated on a collective basis 150,874 9,615 31,058 12,190 6,893 18,160 228,790 Ending balance $ 150,875 $ 9,615 $ 31,071 $ 12,190 $ 6,893 $ 18,160 $ 228,804 Period-end loan balances: Loans evaluated on an individual basis $ 14,048 $ 6,496 $ 20,309 $ 79 $ 5,921 $ 2,371 $ 49,224 Loans evaluated on a collective basis 2,935,255 1,326,231 2,065,753 716,196 758,472 1,163,546 8,965,453 Ending balance $ 2,949,303 $ 1,332,727 $ 2,086,062 $ 716,275 $ 764,393 $ 1,165,917 $ 9,014,677 (1) Includes commercial small business leases and PPP loans. (2) Period-end loan balance excludes reverse mortgages at fair value of $10.1 million. (3) Includes home equity lines of credit, installment loans, unsecured lines of credit and education loans. (4) The impact of adopting ASC 326 includes $0.1 million for the initial allowance on loans purchased with credit deterioration. The following tables provide the activity of the allowance for loan and lease losses and loan and lease balances for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 under the incurred loss model: (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial (1) Owner- occupied Commercial Commercial Mortgages Construction Residential (2) Consumer Total Year Ended December 31, 2019 Allowance for loan and lease losses Beginning balance $ 14,211 $ 5,057 $ 6,806 $ 3,712 $ 1,428 $ 8,325 $ 39,539 Charge-offs (17,258) (354) (159) (42) (322) (4,138) (22,273) Recoveries 1,621 200 1,546 4 (84) 1,463 4,750 Provision (credit) 23,977 (472) (830) 207 126 1,465 24,473 Provision (credit) for acquired loans 298 185 89 10 233 272 1,087 Ending balance $ 22,849 $ 4,616 $ 7,452 $ 3,891 $ 1,381 $ 7,387 $ 47,576 Period-end allowance allocated to: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,179 $ 23 $ — $ — $ 463 $ 176 $ 1,841 Collectively evaluated for impairment 21,664 4,383 7,387 3,867 824 7,210 45,335 Acquired loans evaluated for impairment 6 210 65 24 94 1 400 Ending balance $ 22,849 $ 4,616 $ 7,452 $ 3,891 $ 1,381 $ 7,387 $ 47,576 Period-end loan balances: Individually evaluated for impairment (3) $ 11,158 $ 4,060 $ 1,753 $ — $ 12,151 $ 7,467 $ 36,589 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,619,549 971,694 1,105,174 437,999 145,582 899,724 5,179,722 Acquired nonimpaired loans 603,157 313,955 1,107,379 142,592 834,820 219,413 3,221,316 Acquired impaired loans 1,564 6,757 8,670 491 7,326 2,127 26,935 Ending balance (4) $ 2,235,428 $ 1,296,466 $ 2,222,976 $ 581,082 $ 999,879 $ 1,128,731 $ 8,464,562 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Owner- occupied Commercial Commercial Mortgages Construction Residential (2) Consumer Total Year Ended December 31, 2018 Allowance for loan and lease losses Beginning balance $ 16,732 $ 5,422 $ 5,891 $ 2,861 $ 1,798 $ 7,895 $ 40,599 Charge-offs (12,130) (417) (255) (1,475) (91) (2,615) (16,983) Recoveries 1,381 34 255 3 154 926 2,753 Provision (credit) 8,328 (38) 924 2,341 (404) 2,126 13,277 Provision (credit) for acquired loans (100) 56 (9) (18) (29) (7) (107) Ending balance $ 14,211 $ 5,057 $ 6,806 $ 3,712 $ 1,428 $ 8,325 $ 39,539 Period-end allowance allocated to: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 876 $ — $ — $ 444 $ 543 $ 168 $ 2,031 Collectively evaluated for impairment 13,334 4,965 6,727 3,254 847 8,155 37,282 Acquired loans evaluated for impairment 1 92 79 14 38 2 226 Ending balance $ 14,211 $ 5,057 $ 6,806 $ 3,712 $ 1,428 $ 8,325 $ 39,539 Period-end loan balances: Individually evaluated for impairment (3) $ 14,837 $ 4,406 $ 4,083 $ 2,781 $ 11,017 $ 7,883 $ 45,007 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,366,151 938,934 1,005,504 310,511 132,064 651,160 4,404,324 Acquired nonimpaired loans 89,970 112,386 145,648 2,525 57,708 21,745 429,982 Acquired impaired loans 1,531 4,248 7,504 749 761 151 14,944 Ending balance (4) $ 1,472,489 $ 1,059,974 $ 1,162,739 $ 316,566 $ 201,550 $ 680,939 $ 4,894,257 (1) Includes commercial small business leases. (2) Period-end loan balance excludes reverse mortgages at fair value of $16.6 million as of December 31, 2019 and $16.5 million as of December 31, 2018. (3) The difference between this amount and nonaccruing loans represents accruing troubled debt restructured loans which are considered to be impaired loans of $14.3 million as of December 31, 2019 and $15.0 million as of December 31, 2018. (4) Ending loan balances do not include net deferred fees. The following table shows nonaccrual and past due loans presented at amortized cost at the date indicated under the CECL model: December 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) 30–89 Days Greater Than 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing Total Past Due And Still Accruing Accruing Current Balances Nonaccrual Loans (1) Total Loans Commercial and industrial (2) $ 7,313 $ 3,652 $ 10,965 $ 2,924,522 $ 13,816 $ 2,949,303 Owner-occupied commercial 3,120 892 4,012 1,323,355 5,360 1,332,727 Commercial mortgages 5,944 1,090 7,034 2,061,853 17,175 2,086,062 Construction 371 — 371 715,904 — 716,275 Residential (3) 3,049 25 3,074 758,072 3,247 764,393 Consumer (4) 8,355 11,035 19,390 1,144,217 2,310 1,165,917 Total (4) $ 28,152 $ 16,694 $ 44,846 $ 8,927,923 $ 41,908 $ 9,014,677 % of Total Loans 0.31 % 0.19 % 0.50 % 99.04 % 0.46 % 100.00 % (1) Nonaccrual loans with an allowance totaled $13 thousand. (2) Includes commercial small business leases and PPP loans. (3) Residential accruing current balances excludes reverse mortgages at fair value of $10.1 million. (4) Includes $18.2 million of delinquent, but still accruing, U.S. government-guaranteed student loans that carry little risk of credit loss. The following table shows nonaccrual and past due loans presented at unpaid principal balance at the date indicated under the incurred loss model: December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) 30–89 Days Greater Than 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing Total Past Due And Still Accruing Accruing Current Balances Acquired Impaired Loans Nonaccrual Loans Total Loans Commercial and industrial (1) $ 6,289 $ 2,038 $ 8,327 $ 2,214,506 $ 1,564 $ 11,031 $ 2,235,428 Owner-occupied commercial 1,498 831 2,329 1,283,320 6,757 4,060 1,296,466 Commercial mortgages 4,999 99 5,098 2,207,582 8,670 1,626 2,222,976 Construction — — — 580,591 491 — 581,082 Residential (2) 6,733 437 7,170 980,893 7,326 4,490 999,879 Consumer (3) 13,164 12,745 25,909 1,098,980 2,127 1,715 1,128,731 Total (4) $ 32,683 $ 16,150 $ 48,833 $ 8,365,872 $ 26,935 $ 22,922 $ 8,464,562 % of Total Loans 0.39 % 0.19 % 0.58 % 98.83 % 0.32 % 0.27 % 100.00 % (1) Includes commercial small business leases. (2) Residential accruing current balances excludes reverse mortgages at fair value of $16.6 million. (3) Includes $22.3 million of delinquent, but still accruing, U.S. government-guaranteed student loans that carry little risk of credit loss. (4) Balances in table above includes $3.2 billion in acquired non-impaired loans. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of nonaccruing collateral-dependent loans by class at December 31, 2020 under the CECL model: December 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Property Equipment and other Commercial and industrial (1) $ 10,646 $ 3,170 Owner-occupied commercial 5,360 — Commercial mortgages 17,175 — Construction — — Residential (2) 3,247 — Consumer (3) 2,294 16 Total $ 38,722 $ 3,186 (1) Includes commercial small business leases. (2) Excludes reverse mortgages at fair value. (3) Includes home equity lines of credit, installment loans, unsecured lines of credit and education loans. The following table provides an analysis of the Company's impaired loans at December 31, 2019 under the incurred loss model: December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Ending Loan Balances Loans with No Related Reserve (1) Loans with Related Reserve (2) Related Reserve Contractual Principal Balances (2) Average Loan Balances Commercial and industrial $ 11,900 $ 9,979 $ 1,921 $ 1,185 $ 14,653 $ 17,033 Owner-occupied commercial 5,596 3,919 1,677 233 6,083 7,869 Commercial mortgages 4,888 1,753 3,135 65 5,215 4,607 Construction 435 — 435 24 488 1,686 Residential 14,119 8,858 5,261 557 16,721 12,031 Consumer 7,584 5,876 1,708 178 8,444 7,729 Total $ 44,522 $ 30,385 $ 14,137 $ 2,242 $ 51,604 $ 50,955 (1) Reflects loan balances at or written down to their remaining book balance. (2) The above includes acquired impaired loans totaling $7.9 million in the ending loan balance and $9.0 million in the contractual principal balance. Interest income of $0.8 million was recognized on individually reviewed loans during 2020. Interest income of $0.8 million was recognized on impaired loans during 2019. As of December 31, 2020, there were 27 residential loans and 23 commercial loans in the process of foreclosure. The total outstanding balance on the loans was $1.9 million and $12.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, there were 33 residential loans and 29 commercial loans in the process of foreclosure. The total outstanding balance on the loans was $3.2 million and $9.5 million, respectively. Loan workout and OREO expenses recognized were $3.2 million in 2020, $2.7 million in 2019, and $1.5 million in 2018. Loan workout and OREO expenses are included in Loan workout and other credit costs on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Credit Quality Indicators Below is a description of each of the risk ratings for all commercial loans: • Pass . These borrowers currently show no indication of deterioration or potential problems and their loans are considered fully collectible. • Special Mention. Borrowers have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. Borrowers in this category may be experiencing adverse operating trends, for example, declining revenues or margins, high leverage, tight liquidity, or increasing inventory without increasing sales. These adverse trends can have a potential negative effect on the borrower’s repayment capacity. These assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Bank to significant risk that would warrant a more severe rating. Borrowers in this category may also be experiencing significant management problems, pending litigation, or other structural credit weaknesses. • Substandard or Lower . Borrowers have well-defined weaknesses that require extensive oversight by management. Borrowers in this category may exhibit one or more of the following: inadequate debt service coverage, unprofitable operations, insufficient liquidity, high leverage, and weak or inadequate capitalization. Relationships in this category are not adequately protected by the sound financial worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged on the loan, if any. A distinct possibility exists that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. In addition, some borrowers in this category could have the added characteristic that the possibility of loss is extremely high. Current circumstances in the credit relationship make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable. Such impending events include: perfecting liens on additional collateral, obtaining collateral valuations, an acquisition or liquidation preceding, proposed merger, or refinancing plan. Residential and Consumer Loans The residential and consumer loan portfolios are monitored on an ongoing basis using delinquency information and loan type as credit quality indicators. These credit quality indicators are assessed in the aggregate in these relatively homogeneous portfolios. Loans that are greater than 90 days past due are generally considered nonperforming and placed on nonaccrual status. The following tables provide an analysis of loans by portfolio segment based on the credit quality indicators used to determine the allowance for credit losses, as of December 31, 2020 under the CECL model. Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial (1) : Risk Rating Pass (2) $ 1,250,528 $ 448,704 $ 296,594 $ 157,359 $ 97,036 $ 125,361 $ 6,182 $ 136,110 $ 2,517,874 Special mention 3,040 26,470 28,636 8,482 2,577 16,993 — 34,403 120,601 Substandard or Lower 82,868 60,227 57,880 50,446 15,151 35,150 63 9,043 310,828 $ 1,336,436 $ 535,401 $ 383,110 $ 216,287 $ 114,764 $ 177,504 $ 6,245 $ 179,556 $ 2,949,303 Owner-occupied commercial: Risk Rating Pass $ 220,165 $ 225,766 $ 90,515 $ 135,903 $ 123,897 $ 271,086 $ — $ 123,194 $ 1,190,526 Special mention 1,525 5,885 1,838 17,578 4,125 1,997 — 14,467 47,415 Substandard or Lower 3,703 13,426 15,272 19,883 11,581 19,331 — 11,590 94,786 $ 225,393 $ 245,077 $ 107,625 $ 173,364 $ 139,603 $ 292,414 $ — $ 149,251 $ 1,332,727 Commercial mortgages: Risk Rating Pass $ 379,592 $ 283,004 $ 240,924 $ 257,809 $ 254,780 $ 375,473 $ — $ 148,210 $ 1,939,792 Special mention 8,324 1,774 21,762 21,269 1,274 6,507 — 1,870 62,780 Substandard or Lower 26,343 25,402 2,253 1,950 3,242 24,300 — — 83,490 $ 414,259 $ 310,180 $ 264,939 $ 281,028 $ 259,296 $ 406,280 $ — $ 150,080 $ 2,086,062 Construction: Risk Rating Pass $ 189,257 $ 214,956 $ 208,981 $ 11,414 $ 7,414 $ 3,645 $ — $ 66,018 $ 701,685 Special mention — — — 3,515 — — — — 3,515 Substandard or Lower — 8,648 — — — 79 — 2,348 11,075 $ 189,257 $ 223,604 $ 208,981 $ 14,929 $ 7,414 $ 3,724 $ — $ 68,366 $ 716,275 Residential (3) : Risk Rating Performing $ 42,475 $ 26,309 $ 71,410 $ 85,277 $ 149,643 $ 383,358 $ — $ — $ 758,472 Nonperforming (4) 113 — — — 283 5,525 — — 5,921 $ 42,588 $ 26,309 $ 71,410 $ 85,277 $ 149,926 $ 388,883 $ — $ — $ 764,393 Consumer (5) : Risk Rating Performing $ 235,948 $ 134,064 $ 251,087 $ 63,713 $ 44,700 $ 53,717 $ 371,842 $ 8,287 $ 1,163,358 Nonperforming (6) — — 636 232 — — 1,396 295 2,559 $ 235,948 $ 134,064 $ 251,723 $ 63,945 $ 44,700 $ 53,717 $ 373,238 $ 8,582 $ 1,165,917 (1) Includes commercial small business leases. (2) Includes $751.2 million of PPP loans (3) Excludes reverse mortgages at fair value. (4) Includes troubled debt restructured mortgages performing in accordance with the loans' modified terms and are accruing interest. (5) Includes home equity lines of credit, installment loans, unsecured lines of credit and education loans. (6) Includes troubled debt restructured home equity installment loans performing in accordance with the loans' modified terms and are accruing interest. The following tables provide an analysis of loans by portfolio segment based on the credit quality indicators used to determine the allowance for loan and lease loss, as of December 31, 2019 under the incurred loss model. Commercial Credit Exposure December 31, 2019 Commercial and Industrial (1) Owner-occupied Commercial Construction Total Commercial (2) (Dollars in thousands) Amount % Risk Rating: Special mention $ 12,287 $ — $ 40,478 $ — $ 52,765 Substandard: Accrual 78,809 32,679 23,017 — 134,505 Nonaccrual 9,852 4,037 1,626 — 15,515 Doubtful 1,179 23 — — 1,202 Total Special Mention and Substandard 102,127 36,739 65,121 — 203,987 3 % Acquired impaired 1,564 6,757 8,670 491 17,482 — % Pass 2,131,737 1,252,970 2,149,185 580,591 6,114,483 97 % Total $ 2,235,428 $ 1,296,466 $ 2,222,976 $ 581,082 $ 6,335,952 100 % (1) Includes commercial small business leases. (2) Includes $2.2 billion of acquired non-impaired loans at December 31, 2019. Residential Credit Exposure Residential (2) Consumer Total Retail (3) December 31, 2019 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Amount Percent Nonperforming (1) $ 12,858 $ 7,374 $ 20,232 1 % Acquired impaired loans 7,326 2,127 9,453 — % Performing 979,695 1,119,230 2,098,925 99 % Total $ 999,879 $ 1,128,731 $ 2,128,610 100 % (1) Includes $14.0 million as of December 31, 2019 of troubled debt restructured mortgages and home equity installment loans that are performing in accordance with the loans modified terms and are accruing interest. (2) Residential performing loans excludes $16.6 million of reverse mortgages at fair value as of December 31, 2019. (3) Total includes acquired non-impaired loans of $1.1 billion at December 31, 2019. Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDR) The following table presents the balance of TDRs as of the indicated dates: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Performing TDRs $ 15,539 $ 14,281 Nonperforming TDRs 4,601 5,896 Total TDRs $ 20,140 $ 20,177 Less than $0.1 million and $0.6 million in related reserves have been established for these loans at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The following tables present information regarding the types of loan modifications made and the balances of loans modified as TDRs during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019: December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Contractual payment reduction Maturity date extension Discharged in bankruptcy Other (1) Total Contractual Maturity Discharged Other (1) Total Commercial 1 — — — 1 — 1 — 2 3 Owner-occupied commercial 3 — — — 3 — — — 2 2 Commercial mortgages — 1 — — 1 3 — — 1 4 Construction — — — — — — — — — — Residential — — 6 4 10 4 — 3 3 10 Consumer — — 12 7 19 5 3 8 5 21 4 1 18 11 34 12 4 11 13 40 (1) Other includes interest rate reduction, forbearance, and interest only payments. Year Ended December 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 Pre Modification Post Modification Pre Modification Post Modification Commercial $ 1 $ 1 $ 1,134 $ 1,134 Owner-occupied commercial 1,192 1,192 1,367 1,367 Commercial mortgages 93 93 1,136 1,136 Construction — — — — Residential 1,396 1,396 1,231 1,231 Consumer 1,714 1,714 2,046 2,046 $ 4,396 $ 4,396 $ 6,914 $ 6,914 The TDRs set forth in the table above resulted in a $0.5 million decrease in the Company's allowance for credit losses, and resulted in no additional charge-offs during the year ended December 31, 2020. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the TDRs set forth in the table above resulted in a $0.2 million decrease in the Company's allowance for credit losses and no additional charge-offs. For the year ended December 31, 2020, no TDRs defaulted that had received troubled debt modification during the past twelve months, compared with four TDRs with a total loan amount of $0.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2019. |