Freeport-McMoRan (FCX) 10-K2021 FY Annual report

We are a leading international mining company with headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona. We operate large, long-lived, geographically diverse assets with significant proven and probable mineral reserves of copper, gold and molybdenum. We are one of the world’s largest publicly traded copper producers. Our portfolio of assets includes the Grasberg minerals district in Indonesia, one of the world’s largest copper and gold deposits; and significant mining operations in North America and South America, including the large-scale Morenci minerals district in Arizona and the Cerro Verde operation in Peru.

Our results for 2021 reflect strong operating and financial performance, and cash flow generation. We remained focused on cost and capital management and advanced our sustainability objectives. Despite continued challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, we achieved a 19 percent increase in copper sales volumes and a 59 percent increase in gold sales volumes in 2021, compared with 2020. To date, our vigilant operating protocols have been effective in mitigating and preventing a major outbreak of COVID-19 at each of our operating sites. Protecting the health of our workforce and communities where we operate is a top priority, and we continue to focus on safeguarding our business in an uncertain public health and economic environment.

We believe that we have a high-quality portfolio of long-lived copper assets positioned to generate long-term value. The ramp-up of underground mining at the Grasberg minerals district in Indonesia continues to advance on schedule, and in fourth-quarter 2021, we achieved quarterly copper and gold volumes approximating 100 percent of the projected annualized levels. Also, the Lone Star copper leach project at our Safford mine is exceeding the initial design capacity of 200 million pounds annually and produced approximately 235 million pounds of copper in 2021. During 2022, we plan to continue to advance organic growth initiatives at our operating sites, based on a favorable operational and market outlook.

During 2021, we adopted and implemented a performance-based payout framework. Refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” Item 5. “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities,” MD&A and Note 10 for further discussion.

At December 31, 2021, our estimated consolidated recoverable proven and probable mineral reserves totaled 107.2 billion pounds of copper, 27.1 million ounces of gold and 3.39 billion pounds of molybdenum. Following is the allocation of our estimated consolidated recoverable proven and probable mineral reserves at December 31, 2021, by geographic location (refer to “Mining Operations” and “Mineral Reserves” for further discussion):

In North America, we operate seven copper mines - Morenci, Bagdad, Safford (including Lone Star), Sierrita and Miami in Arizona, and Chino and Tyrone in New Mexico, and two molybdenum mines - Henderson and Climax in Colorado. In addition to copper, certain of our North America copper mines also produce molybdenum concentrate, gold and silver. In South America, we operate two copper mines - Cerro Verde in Peru and El Abra in Chile. In addition to copper, the Cerro Verde mine also produces molybdenum concentrate and silver. In Indonesia, PT-FI operates in the Grasberg minerals district. In addition to copper, the Grasberg minerals district also produces gold and silver.

Following is the allocation of our consolidated copper, gold and molybdenum production for the year 2021 by geographic location (refer to “Mining Operations” and MD&A for further information):

Copper production from three of our mines, the Morenci mine in North America, the Cerro Verde mine in Peru and the Grasberg minerals district in Indonesia, together totaled 74 percent of our consolidated copper production in 2021.

The geographic locations of our operating mines are shown on the world map below.

Following is a brief discussion of our primary natural resources - copper, gold and molybdenum. For further discussion of historical and current market prices of these commodities, refer to MD&A.

Copper is an internationally traded commodity, and its prices are determined by the major metals exchanges - the London Metal Exchange (LME), Commodity Exchange Inc. (COMEX) and Shanghai Futures Exchange. Prices on these exchanges generally reflect the worldwide balance of copper supply and demand, and can be volatile and cyclical. During 2021, the LME copper settlement price averaged $4.23 per pound, ranging from a low of $3.52 per pound to a record high of $4.86 per pound, and was $4.40 per pound on December 31, 2021.

In general, demand for copper reflects the rate of underlying world economic growth, particularly in industrial production and construction. According to Wood Mackenzie, a widely followed independent metals market consultant, copper’s end-use markets (and their estimated shares of total consumption) are construction (29 percent), electrical applications (27 percent), consumer products (22 percent), transportation (11 percent) and industrial machinery (11 percent). We believe copper will continue to be essential in these basic uses as well as contribute significantly to new technologies for clean energy, to advance communications and to enhance public health. Examples of areas we believe will require additional copper in the future include: (i) high efficiency motors, which consume up to 75 percent more copper than a standard motor; (ii) electric vehicles, which consume up to four

times the amount of copper in terms of weight compared to vehicles of similar size with an internal combustion engine, and require copper-intensive charging station infrastructure to refuel; and (iii) renewable energy such as wind and solar, which consume four to five times the amount of copper compared to traditional fossil fuel generated power.

Gold is used for jewelry, coinage and bullion as well as various industrial and electronic applications. Gold can be readily sold on numerous markets throughout the world. Benchmark prices are generally based on London Bullion Market Association (London) quotations. During 2021, the London PM gold price averaged $1,799 per ounce, ranging from a low of $1,684 per ounce to a high of $1,943 per ounce, and was $1,806 per ounce on December 30, 2021 (there was no London PM gold price quote on December 31, 2021).

Our consolidated revenues for 2021 primarily included sales of copper (80 percent), gold (11 percent) and molybdenum (6 percent). Copper concentrate sales to PT Smelting (PT-FI’s 39.5-percent-owned copper smelter and refinery in Gresik, Indonesia) totaled 14 percent of our consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021, 12 percent for the year ended December 31, 2020, and 13 percent for the year ended December 31, 2019, which is the only customer that accounted for 10 percent or more of our consolidated revenues during the three years ended December 31, 2021. Refer to Note 16 for a summary of our consolidated revenues and operating income (loss) by business segment and geographic area.

We are one of the world’s leading producers of copper concentrate, cathode and continuous cast copper rod. During 2021, 59 percent of our mined copper was sold in concentrate, 21 percent as cathode and 20 percent as rod from our North America operations. The copper ore from our mines is generally processed either by smelting and refining or by solution extraction and electrowinning (SX/EW) as described below.

5 percent of our South America mines’ copper concentrate sales volumes were shipped to Atlantic Copper for smelting and refining and sold as copper anode and copper cathode by Atlantic Copper.

Substantially all of PT-FI’s concentrate sales contracts provide final copper pricing in a specified future month (generally one to four months from the shipment date) primarily based on quoted LME monthly average settlement copper prices. Revenues from PT-FI’s concentrate sales are recorded net of royalties, export duties, treatment charges and allowances for unrecoverable metals.

Refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for discussion of Indonesia regulations regarding PT-FI’s concentrate exports.

We produce gold almost exclusively from the Grasberg minerals district. The gold we produce is primarily sold as a component of our copper concentrate or in slimes, which are a product of the smelting and refining process. Gold generally is priced at the average London price for a specified month near the month of shipment. Revenues from gold sold as a component of our copper concentrate are recorded net of treatment charges, royalties, export duties and allowances for unrecoverable metals. Revenues from gold sold in slimes are recorded net of refining charges.

Our operations are subject to a broad range of laws and regulations imposed by governments and regulatory bodies, both in the U.S. and internationally. These regulations touch all aspects of our operations, including how we extract, process and explore for minerals and how we conduct our business, including regulations governing matters such as environmental and reclamation matters, mining rights, climate change, occupational health and safety and human rights.

Our operations are subject to extensive and complex laws and regulations, including environmental laws and regulations governing the generation, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of hazardous substances; solid waste disposal; air emissions; wastewater discharges; remediation, restoration and reclamation of environmental contamination, including mine closures and reclamation; protection of endangered and threatened species and designation of critical habitats; and other related matters. In addition, we must obtain regulatory permits and approvals to start, continue and expand operations. As a mining company, compliance with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations is an integral and costly part of our business. We conduct our operations in a manner that aims to protect public health and the environment, and we believe our operations are in compliance with applicable laws and regulations in all material respects.

Laws such as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (CERCLA) and similar state laws may expose us to joint and several liability for environmental damages caused by our operations, or by previous owners or operators of properties we acquired or are currently operating or at sites where we previously sent materials for processing, recycling or disposal. We have substantial obligations for environmental remediation on mining properties previously owned or operated by FMC and certain of its affiliates. At December 31, 2021, we had $1.7 billion recorded in our consolidated balance sheet for environmental obligations attributable to CERCLA or analogous state programs and for estimated future costs associated with environmental matters at closed facilities or closed portions of operating facilities.

We are required by U.S. federal and state laws and regulations to provide financial assurance sufficient to allow a third party to implement approved closure and reclamation plans for our mining properties if we are unable to do so. Most of our financial assurance obligations are imposed by state laws that vary significantly by jurisdiction, depending on how each state regulates land use and groundwater quality. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and state agencies may also require financial assurance for investigation and remediation actions that are required under settlements of enforcement actions under CERCLA or similar state laws.

Regulations have been considered at various governmental levels to increase financial responsibility requirements both for mine closure and reclamation. In 2019, legislation was enacted in Colorado that eliminates our ability to use parent company guarantees, and requires proof of an end date for water treatment as a condition of permit issuance authorizing mining operations, with some exceptions for existing operations. In 2018, EPA concluded a rulemaking that considered the need for financial responsibility for hardrock mining operations under CERCLA by publishing its determination that it did not intend to require financial responsibility for the hardrock mining industry sector. In 2019, the D.C. Circuit upheld the EPA’s decision. In connection with the Presidential Executive Order issued on January 20, 2021, EPA will review this final action, though the timing of its review is unknown.

Our mining operations are also subject to regulations under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) that are intended to protect species listed by the Department of Interior’s Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS) as endangered or threatened, along with critical habitat designated by FWS for these listed species. The regulations limit the ability of landowners, including us, to obtain federal permits or authorizations needed for expansion of our operations, and may also affect our ability to obtain, retain or deliver water to some operations. On October 26, 2021, FWS published two proposed rules that rescind changes made in 2019 and 2020 to mitigate potential regulatory constraints on mining operations under the ESA.

New or revised environmental regulatory requirements are frequently proposed, many of which result in substantially increased costs for our business, including those regarding financial assurance above and in Item 1A. “Risk Factors.” For example, our Miami, Arizona, smelter processes a significant portion of the copper concentrate produced by our North America copper mines. EPA is currently in the process of revising the standards for hazardous air pollutants from primary copper smelters, which could impose additional requirements on our operations. We may be required to modify our systems or install additional equipment to address findings, new

requirements or for other reasons, which could result in significant costs, including increased capital expenditures and operating costs, and could adversely impact our business.

EPA and state agencies continue to consider regulations for man-made organic compounds that could be present in soil, groundwater and surface water at our existing and former operations. These regulations may include drinking water standards, hazardous waste requirements, and hazardous substance designations for Perfluorooctanesulfonic and Perfluorooctanoic acids. EPA is also considering how to reduce lead exposure in the environment under multiple environmental programs. Certain federal and state health agencies also support more stringent lead cleanup levels. The timing for these EPA activities is unclear, but reduction in lead cleanup levels could result in material increases to our environmental reserves for ongoing residential property cleanup projects near former smelter sites.

EPA and the Department of the Army (together, the Agencies) continue to consider whether and how to regulate remote “tributaries” under the regulatory definition of “waters of the United States” that are protected by the Clean Water Act. These requirements can impose significant additional restrictions on land uses in remote areas with only tenuous connections to active waterways. Regulations adopted by the Agencies in 2015, 2019 and 2020 governing “waters of the United States” have been challenged by multiple states and industry parties and litigation on all three final rules is ongoing. Most recently, a federal district court in Arizona vacated and remanded the regulations that became effective in 2020, and the Agencies subsequently published a proposed rule on December 7, 2021, that announced they will revert back to regulations in place prior to 2015. These rules define whether we need federal authorization under the Clean Water Act to expand our operations.

We incurred environmental capital expenditures and other environmental costs (including our joint venture partners’ shares) to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations that affect our operations totaling $0.3 billion in both 2021 and 2020 and $0.4 billion in 2019. For 2022, we expect to incur approximately $0.5 billion of aggregate environmental capital expenditures and other environmental costs. The timing and amounts of estimated payments could change as a result of changes in regulatory requirements, changes in scope and costs of reclamation activities, the settlement of environmental matters and the rate at which actual spending occurs on continuing matters.

For information about environmental regulation, litigation and related costs, refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and Notes 1 and 12.

We conduct our mining and exploration activities pursuant to concessions granted by, or under contracts with, the host government in the countries where we operate. These countries include, among others, the U.S., Peru, Chile and Indonesia. Mining rights include our license to operate and involve our payment of applicable taxes and royalties to the host governments. The concessions and contracts are subject to the political risks associated with the host countries. For information about mining rights, including laws and regulations applicable to PT-FI, governmental agreements and licenses to operate, refer to “Mining Operations” below, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and Notes 3, 11, 12 and 13.

In many of the jurisdictions in which we operate, governmental bodies are increasingly enacting legislation and regulations in response to the potential impacts of climate change. For example, as a result of the 2015 Paris Agreement, a number of governments have pledged “Nationally Determined Contributions” to control and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including the U.S. Additionally, the recent pledges made as part of the 2021 Glasgow Climate Pact could result in further policy changes in many of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Further, several states in the U.S., including Colorado and New Mexico, have advanced goals reducing or eliminating fossil fuel-based energy production. Carbon tax legislation also has been adopted in jurisdictions where we operate, including Indonesia, and we expect that such carbon taxes and other carbon pricing mechanisms will increase over time. We anticipate that we will dedicate more resources and money to comply and remediate in response to legislative or regulatory changes, and our ability to modify our operations to avoid these costs may be limited in the near term. However, it is not yet possible to reasonably estimate the nature, extent, timing and cost or other impacts of any future carbon pricing mechanisms, other climate change regulatory programs or future legislative action that may be enacted.

For information about the potential impacts of climate change and related regulations, refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors.”

The safety and health of our workforce is our highest priority. Management believes that safety and health considerations are integral to, and compatible with, all other functions in the organization and that proper safety and health management will enhance production and reduce costs. We are subject to extensive regulation of worker health and safety, including the requirements of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act and similar laws of other jurisdictions. In the U.S., the operation of our mines is subject to regulation by the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (Mine Act). MSHA inspects our mines on a regular basis and issues citations and orders when it believes a violation has occurred under the Mine Act. Additionally, in the U.S. various state agencies have concurrent jurisdiction arising under state law that regulate worker health and safety in both our industrial facilities and mines. If regulatory inspections result in an alleged violation, we may be subject to fines and penalties and, in instances of alleged significant violations, our mining operations or industrial facilities could be subject to temporary or extended closures. Refer to Exhibit 95.1 to this Form 10-K for additional information regarding certain orders and citations issued by MSHA for our operations during the year ended December 31, 2021. For information about health and safety, refer to “Human Capital” below and Item 4. “Mine Safety Disclosures.”

We have adopted policies that govern our working relationships with the communities and governments where we operate and that are designed to guide our practices and programs in a manner that respects human rights and the culture of the local people impacted by our operations. For information about human rights, refer to “Community and Human Rights” below.

The top 10 producers of copper comprise approximately 43 percent of total worldwide mined copper production. For the year 2021, we ranked second among those producers, with approximately seven percent of estimated total worldwide mined copper production. Our competitive position is based on the size, quality and grade of our ore bodies and our ability to manage costs compared with other producers. We have a diverse portfolio of mining operations with varying ore grades and cost structures. Our costs are driven by the location, grade and nature of our ore bodies, and the level of input costs, including energy, labor and equipment. The metals markets are cyclical, and our ability to maintain our competitive position over the long term is based on our ability to acquire and develop quality deposits, hire and retain a skilled workforce, and to manage our costs.

We are committed to validating all of our copper producing sites, including our mines and smelting and refining facilities, with the Copper Mark, a comprehensive assurance framework designed to demonstrate the copper industry’s responsible production practices. To achieve the Copper Mark, each site is required to complete an external assurance process to assess conformance with 32 environmental, social and governance requirements. As of December 31, 2021, we had a total of seven sites that had been validated (Bagdad, Morenci, Miami, El Paso, Cerro Verde, El Abra and Atlantic Copper), and we have commenced the Copper Mark assessment process at four additional sites in North America (Chino, Tyrone, Safford and Sierrita).

Our tailings management and stewardship program, which involves qualified external Engineers of Record and periodic oversight by independent tailings Technical Review Boards and our Tailings Stewardship Team, complies with the tailings governance framework on preventing catastrophic failure of tailings storage facilities adopted in December 2016 by the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM), an industry group of which we are a founding member, and required to be implemented by ICMM members. In August 2020, the co-conveners of the Global Tailings Review, which included ICMM, published the Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (the Tailings Standard). The Tailings Standard includes 77 requirements across 6 key areas including the design, construction, operation and monitoring of tailings facilities, management and governance, emergency response and long-term recovery, and public disclosure. As a member of ICMM, we are committed to implementation of the

Tailings Standard by August 2023 for priority tailings storage facilities and by August 2025 for our remaining facilities, in line with the Tailings Standard requirements/commitments.

Following are maps and descriptions of our mining operations in North America (including both copper and molybdenum operations), South America and Indonesia. We consider our material mines, as defined under the disclosure requirements of Subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K (S-K 1300), to be the Morenci mine in North America, the Cerro Verde mine in Peru and the Grasberg minerals district in Indonesia. Refer to Exhibits 96.1, 96.2 and 96.3 for the Technical Report Summaries that have been prepared for our material mines in support of the disclosure and filing requirements of the SEC under S-K 1300.

In the U.S., most of the land occupied by our copper and molybdenum mines, concentrators, SX/EW facilities, smelter, refinery, rod mills, molybdenum roasters and processing facilities is owned by us or is located on unpatented mining claims owned by us. Certain portions of our Bagdad, Sierrita, Miami, Chino, Tyrone, Henderson and Climax operations are located on government-owned land and are operated under a Mine Plan of Operations or other use permit. We hold various federal and state permits or leases on government land for purposes incidental to mine operations.

We own a 72 percent undivided interest in Morenci, with the remaining 28 percent owned by Sumitomo Metal Mining Arizona, Inc. (15 percent) and SMM Morenci, Inc. (13 percent). Each partner takes in kind its share of Morenci’s production.

Morenci is an open-pit copper mining complex that has been in continuous operation since 1939 and previously was mined through underground workings. In the 1880s, Phelps Dodge & Company (Phelps Dodge) first invested in the

area, and through acquisition, consolidated all mining operations in the area by the 1920s. Phelps Dodge was acquired by FCX in 2007. Morenci is located in Greenlee County, Arizona, approximately 50 miles northeast of Safford on U.S. Highway 191. The property is located at latitude 33.07 degrees north and longitude 109.35 degrees

west using the World Geodetic System (WGS) 84 coordinate system. The site is accessible by a paved highway and a railway spur.

The Morenci mine is a porphyry copper deposit that has oxide, secondary sulfide and primary sulfide mineralization. The predominant oxide copper mineral is chrysocolla. Chalcocite is the most important secondary copper sulfide mineral, with chalcopyrite as the dominant primary copper sulfide.

The Morenci operation consists of two concentrators with a milling design capacity of 132,000 metric tons of ore per day, which produce copper and molybdenum concentrate; a 72,500 metric ton-per-day, crushed-ore leach pad and stacking system; a low-grade run-of-mine (ROM) leaching system; four SX plants; and three EW tank houses that produce copper cathode. Total EW tank house capacity is approximately 900 million pounds of copper per year. Morenci’s available mining fleet consists of one hundred and fifty-four 236-metric-ton haul trucks loaded by 13 electric shovels with bucket sizes ranging from 47 to 57 cubic meters. Morenci’s mining fleet is capable of moving an average of 815,000 metric tons of material per day. One of Morenci’s concentrators, which has a milling capacity of approximately 50,000 metric tons of ore per day was restarted in July 2021 after being on care and maintenance

status and is expected to resume operating at full capacity in early 2022. Our share of Morenci's net property, plant, equipment and mine development costs at December 31, 2021, totaled $1.9 billion.

Morenci’s production, including our joint venture partners’ share, totaled 0.9 billion pounds of copper and 5 million pounds of molybdenum in 2021, 1.0 billion pounds of copper and 6 million pounds of molybdenum in 2020, and 1.0 billion pounds of copper and 5 million pounds of molybdenum in 2019.

Morenci is located in a desert environment with rainfall averaging 13 inches per year. The highest bench elevation is 1,900 meters above sea level and the ultimate pit bottom is expected to have an elevation of 780 meters above sea level. The Morenci operation encompasses approximately 61,700 acres, comprising 51,300 acres of fee lands and 10,400 acres of unpatented mining claims held on public mineral estate and numerous state or federal permits, easements and rights-of-way.

The Morenci operation’s electrical power is supplied by our wholly owned subsidiary, Morenci Water and Electric Company (MW&E). MW&E sources its generation services through our wholly owned subsidiary, Freeport-McMoRan Energy Services, through capacity rights at the Luna Energy Facility in Deming, New Mexico, and other power purchase agreements. Although we believe the Morenci operation has sufficient water sources to support current operations, we are a party to litigation that may impact our water right claims or rights to continued use of currently available water supplies, which could adversely affect our water supply for the Morenci operation. Refer to “Governmental Regulations” above, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and Item 3. “Legal Proceedings” for further discussion.

Our wholly owned Bagdad mine is an open-pit copper and molybdenum mining complex located in Yavapai County in west-central Arizona. It is approximately 60 miles west of Prescott and 100 miles northwest of Phoenix. The property can be reached by U.S. Highway 93 to State Route 97 or Arizona Highway 96, which ends at the town of Bagdad. The closest railroad is at Hillside, Arizona, 24 miles southeast on Arizona Highway 96. The open-pit mining operation has been ongoing since 1945, and prior mining was conducted through underground workings.

The Bagdad mine is a porphyry copper deposit containing both sulfide and oxide mineralization. Chalcopyrite and molybdenite are the dominant primary sulfides and are the primary economic minerals in the mine. Chalcocite is the most common secondary copper sulfide mineral, and the predominant oxide copper minerals are chrysocolla, malachite and azurite.

The Bagdad operation consists of a concentrator with a milling design capacity of 77,100 metric tons of ore per day that produces copper and molybdenum concentrate, a SX/EW plant that can produce approximately 6 million pounds per year of copper cathode from solution generated by low-grade stockpile leaching, and a pressure-leach plant to process molybdenum concentrate. The available mining fleet consists of thirty-two 235-metric-ton haul trucks loaded by eight electric shovels with bucket sizes ranging from 30 to 48 cubic meters, which are capable of moving an average of 236,000 metric tons of material per day. Bagdad’s net property, plant, equipment and mine development costs at December 31, 2021, totaled $618 million. We are evaluating an expansion to potentially double concentrate capacity at our Bagdad operation.

Bagdad’s production totaled 184 million pounds of copper and 9 million pounds of molybdenum in 2021, 216 million pounds of copper and 11 million pounds of molybdenum in 2020, and 218 million pounds of copper and 13 million pounds of molybdenum in 2019.

Bagdad is located in a desert environment with rainfall averaging 15 inches per year. The highest bench elevation is 1,200 meters above sea level and the ultimate pit bottom is expected to be 150 meters above sea level. The Bagdad operation encompasses approximately 51,200 acres, comprising 40,000 acres of fee lands and 11,200 acres of unpatented mining claims held on public mineral estate and numerous state or federal permits, easements and rights-of-ways.

Bagdad receives electrical power from Arizona Public Service Company. We believe the Bagdad operation has sufficient water sources to support current operations.

Our wholly owned Safford mine has been in operation since 2007 and is an open-pit copper mining complex located in Graham County, Arizona, 8 miles north of the town of Safford and 170 miles east of Phoenix. The site is accessible by paved county road off U.S. Highway 70.

The Safford mine includes three copper deposits that have oxide mineralization overlaying primary copper sulfide mineralization. The predominant oxide copper minerals are chrysocolla and copper-bearing iron oxides with the predominant copper sulfide material being chalcopyrite. The only Safford deposit currently being mined is the Lone Star copper leach project, which began operations in the second half of 2020 and produced approximately 235 million pounds of copper in 2021. We continue to advance opportunities to increase Lone Star operating rates and are advancing plans to increase volumes to achieve 300 million pounds of copper per year from oxide ores. The oxide project advances the opportunity for development of the large-scale sulfide resources at Lone Star. We are increasing exploration in the area to support metallurgical testing and mine development planning for a potential long-term investment in a concentrator.

Safford is a mine-for-leach operation that produces copper cathode. The operation consists of three open pits, of which one (Lone Star) is currently being mined, feeding a crushing facility with a design capacity of 103,500 metric tons of ore per day. The crushed ore is delivered to a leach pad by a series of overland and portable conveyors. Leach solutions feed a SX/EW facility with a capacity of 305 million pounds of copper per year. A sulfur burner plant is also in operation at Safford, providing a cost-effective source of sulfuric acid used in SX/EW operations. The available mining fleet consists of forty-two 235-metric-ton haul trucks loaded by six electric shovels with bucket sizes ranging from 34 to 47 cubic meters, which are capable of moving an average of 358,000 metric tons of material per day. Safford’s net property, plant, equipment and mine development costs at December 31, 2021, totaled $1.2 billion.

Safford’s copper production totaled 265 million pounds in 2021, 161 million pounds in 2020 and 110 million pounds in 2019.

Safford is located in a desert environment with rainfall averaging 10 inches per year. The highest bench elevation is 1,783 meters above sea level and the ultimate pit bottom is expected to have an elevation of 823 meters above sea level. The Safford operation encompasses approximately 78,300 acres, comprising 37,700 acres of fee lands and 40,600 acres of unpatented claims held on public mineral estate.

The Safford operation’s electrical power is primarily sourced from Tucson Electric Power Company, Arizona Public Service Company and the Luna Energy facility. Although we believe the Safford operation has sufficient water sources to support current operations, we are a party to litigation that may impact our water right claims or rights to continued use of currently available water supplies, which could adversely affect our water supply for the Safford operation. Refer to “Governmental Regulations” above, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and Item 3. “Legal Proceedings” for further discussion.

Our wholly owned Sierrita mine has been in operation since 1959 and is an open-pit copper and molybdenum mining complex located in Pima County, Arizona, approximately 20 miles southwest of Tucson and 7 miles west of the town of Green Valley and Interstate Highway 19. The site is accessible by a paved highway and by rail.

The Sierrita mine is a porphyry copper deposit that has oxide, secondary sulfide and primary sulfide mineralization. The predominant oxide copper minerals are malachite, azurite and chrysocolla. Chalcocite is the most important secondary copper sulfide mineral, and chalcopyrite and molybdenite are the dominant primary sulfides.

The Sierrita operation includes a concentrator with a milling design capacity of 100,000 metric tons of ore per day that produces copper and molybdenum concentrate. Sierrita also produces copper from a ROM oxide-leaching system. Cathode copper is plated at the Twin Buttes EW facility, which has a design capacity of approximately 50 million pounds of copper per year. The Sierrita operation also has molybdenum facilities consisting of a leaching circuit, two molybdenum roasters and a packaging facility. The molybdenum facilities process molybdenum concentrate produced by Sierrita, from our other mines and from third-party sources. The available mining fleet consists of twenty-four 235-metric-ton haul trucks loaded by three electric shovels with bucket sizes ranging from 34 to 56 cubic meters, which are capable of moving an average of 175,000 metric tons of material per day. Sierrita’s net property, plant, equipment and mine development costs at December 31, 2021, totaled $722 million.

Sierrita’s production totaled 189 million pounds of copper and 21 million pounds of molybdenum in 2021, 178 million pounds of copper and 17 million pounds of molybdenum in 2020, and 160 million pounds of copper and 16 million pounds of molybdenum in 2019.

Sierrita is located in a desert environment with rainfall averaging 14.5 inches per year. The highest bench elevation is 1,300 meters above sea level and the ultimate pit bottom is expected to be 410 meters above sea level. The Sierrita operation, including the adjacent Twin Buttes site, encompasses approximately 47,600 acres, comprising 38,700 acres of fee lands including split estate lands and 8,900 acres of unpatented mining claims held on public mineral estate.

Sierrita receives electrical power through long-term contracts with the Tucson Electric Power Company. Although we believe the Sierrita operation has sufficient water sources to support current operations, we are a party to litigation that may impact our water rights claims or rights to continued use of currently available water supplies, which could adversely affect our water supply for the Sierrita operation. Refer to “Governmental Regulations” above, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and Item 3. “Legal Proceedings” for further discussion.

Our wholly owned Miami mine is an open-pit copper mining complex located in Gila County, Arizona, 90 miles east of Phoenix and 6 miles west of the city of Globe on U.S. Highway 60. The site is accessible by a paved highway and by rail.

The Miami mine is a porphyry copper deposit that has leachable oxide and secondary sulfide mineralization. The predominant oxide copper minerals are chrysocolla, copper-bearing clays, malachite and azurite. Chalcocite and covellite are the most important secondary copper sulfide minerals.

Since about 1915, the Miami mining operation had processed copper ore using both flotation and leaching technologies. The design capacity of the SX/EW plant is 200 million pounds of copper per year. Miami is no longer mining ore, but currently produces copper through leaching material already placed on stockpiles, which is currently expected to continue through at least 2025. Miami’s net property, plant, equipment and mine development costs

at December 31, 2021, totaled $4 million.

Miami’s copper production totaled 12 million pounds in 2021, 17 million pounds in 2020 and 15 million pounds in 2019.

Miami is located in a desert environment with rainfall averaging 18 inches per year. The highest bench elevation is 1,390 meters above sea level and mining advanced the pit bottom to an elevation of 810 meters above sea level. Subsequent sloughing of material into the pit has filled it back to an elevation estimated to be 900 meters above sea level. The Miami operation encompasses approximately 14,700 acres, comprising 10,400 acres of fee lands and 4,300 acres of unpatented mining claims held on public mineral estate.

Our wholly owned Chino mine, which has been in operation since 1910, is an open-pit copper mining complex located in Grant County, New Mexico, approximately 15 miles east of the town of Silver City off of State Highway 180. The mine is accessible by paved roads and by rail.

The Chino mine is a porphyry copper deposit with adjacent copper skarn deposits. There is leachable oxide, secondary sulfide and millable primary sulfide mineralization. The predominant oxide copper mineral is chrysocolla. Chalcocite is the most important secondary copper sulfide mineral, and chalcopyrite and molybdenite the dominant primary sulfides.

The Chino operation consists of a concentrator with a milling design capacity of 36,000 metric tons of ore per day that produces copper concentrate, and a 150 million pound-per-year SX/EW plant that produces copper cathode from solution generated by ROM leaching. The available mining fleet consists of twenty-five 240-metric-ton haul trucks loaded by three electric shovels with bucket sizes ranging from 31 to 48 cubic meters, which are capable of moving an average of 180,000 metric tons of material per day. Chino’s net property, plant, equipment and mine development costs at December 31, 2021, totaled $491 million.

Chino is located in a desert environment with rainfall averaging 16 inches per year. The highest bench elevation is 2,250 meters above sea level and the ultimate pit bottom is expected to be 1,508 meters above sea level. The Chino operation encompasses approximately 122,800 acres, comprising 109,000 acres of fee lands and 13,800 acres of unpatented mining claims held on public mineral estate.

Our wholly owned Tyrone mine is an open-pit copper mining complex and has been in operation since 1967. It is located in Grant County, New Mexico, 10 miles south of Silver City, New Mexico, along State Highway 90. The site is accessible by paved road and by rail.

The Tyrone mine is a porphyry copper deposit. Mineralization is predominantly secondary sulfide consisting of chalcocite, with leachable oxide mineralization consisting of chrysocolla.

Copper processing facilities consist of a SX/EW operation with a maximum capacity of approximately 100 million pounds of copper cathode per year. The available mining fleet consists of nine 240-metric-ton haul trucks loaded by one electric shovel with a bucket size of 47 cubic meters, which is capable of moving an average of 108,000 metric tons of material per day. Tyrone’s net property, plant, equipment and mine development costs at December 31, 2021, totaled $90 million.

Tyrone’s copper production totaled 55 million pounds in 2021, 45 million pounds in 2020 and 48 million pounds in 2019.

Tyrone is located in a desert environment with rainfall averaging 16 inches per year. The highest bench elevation is 2,070 meters above sea level and the ultimate pit bottom is expected to have an elevation of 1,475 meters above sea level. The Tyrone operation encompasses approximately 80,700 acres, comprising 67,700 acres of fee lands and 13,000 acres of unpatented mining claims held on public mineral estate.

Our wholly owned Henderson molybdenum mine has been in operation since 1976 and is located 42 miles west of Denver, Colorado, off U.S. Highway 40. Nearby communities include the towns of Empire, Georgetown and Idaho Springs. The Henderson mill site is located 15 miles west of the mine and is accessible from Colorado State Highway 9. The Henderson mine and mill are connected by a 10-mile conveyor tunnel under the Continental Divide and an additional five-mile surface conveyor. The tunnel portal is located five miles east of the mill.

The Henderson mine is a porphyry molybdenum deposit, with molybdenite as the primary sulfide mineral.

The Henderson operation consists of a block-cave underground mining complex feeding a concentrator with a design capacity of approximately 32,000 metric tons per day. Henderson has the capacity to produce approximately 15 million pounds of molybdenum per year. The majority of the molybdenum concentrate produced is shipped to our Fort Madison, Iowa, processing facility. The available underground mining equipment fleet consists of fifteen 9-metric-ton load-haul-dump (LHD) units and seven 73-metric-ton haul trucks, which deliver ore to a gyratory crusher feeding a series of three overland conveyors to the mill stockpiles. Henderson’s net property, plant, equipment and mine development costs at December 31, 2021, totaled $265 million.

Henderson’s molybdenum production totaled 12 million pounds in 2021, 10 million pounds in 2020 and 12 million pounds in 2019.

The Henderson mine is located in a mountainous region with the main access shaft at 3,180 meters above sea level. The main production levels are currently at elevations of 2,200 and 2,350 meters above sea level. This region experiences significant snowfall during the winter months.

The Henderson mine and mill operations encompass approximately 17,200 acres, comprising 13,000 acres of fee lands, 4,200 acres of unpatented mining claims held on public mineral estate and a 50-acre easement with the U.S. Forest Service for the surface portion of the conveyor corridor.

Our wholly owned Climax mine is located 13 miles northeast of Leadville, Colorado, off Colorado State Highway 91 at the top of Fremont Pass. The mine is accessible by paved roads. The mine was placed on care and maintenance status by its previous owner in 1995 and, after being acquired by us, began commercial production in 2012.

The Climax ore body is a porphyry molybdenum deposit, with molybdenite as the primary sulfide mineral.

The Climax open-pit mine includes a 25,000 metric tons of ore per day mill facility. Climax has the capacity to produce approximately 30 million pounds of molybdenum per year. The available mining fleet consists of eleven 177-metric-ton haul trucks loaded by two hydraulic shovels with bucket sizes of 34 cubic meters, which are capable of moving an average of 90,000 metric tons of material per day. Climax’s net property, plant, equipment and mine development costs at December 31, 2021, totaled $1.2 billion.

In April 2020, because of the decline in market prices of molybdenum, we revised our near-term operating plans, which included a reduction in production of molybdenum by approximately 50 percent at Climax. During the third quarter of 2021, Climax returned to pre-April 2020 production levels. We may increase operating rates at the Climax mine if necessary to satisfy increasing market demand for molybdenum. Molybdenum production from Climax totaled 18 million pounds in 2021, 14 million pounds in 2020 and 17 million pounds in 2019.

The Climax mine is located in a mountainous region. The highest bench elevation is approximately 4,050 meters above sea level and the ultimate pit bottom is expected to have an elevation of approximately 3,100 meters above sea level. This region experiences significant snowfall during the winter months.

The Climax operation encompasses approximately 15,100 acres, comprising 14,300 of privately owned land and 800 acres of federal claims.

At our operations in South America, mine properties and facilities are controlled through mining claims or concessions under the general mining laws of the relevant country. The claims or concessions are owned or controlled by the operating companies in which we or our subsidiaries have a controlling ownership interest. Roads, power lines and aqueducts are controlled by easements.

We have a 53.56 percent ownership interest in Cerro Verde, with the remaining 46.44 percent held by SMM Cerro Verde Netherlands B.V. (21.0 percent), Compañia de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (19.58 percent) and other stockholders whose shares are publicly traded on the Lima Stock Exchange (5.86 percent).

Cerro Verde is an open-pit copper and molybdenum mining complex that has been in operation since 1976 and is located 20 miles southwest of Arequipa, Peru. Prior to being acquired in 1994 by a predecessor of Phelps Dodge, the mine was previously operated by the Peru government. The property is located at latitude 16.53 degrees south

and longitude 71.58 degrees west using the WGS 84 coordinate system. The site is accessible by paved highway. Cerro Verde’s copper cathode and concentrate production that is not sold locally is transported approximately 70 miles by truck and by rail to the Port of Matarani for shipment to international markets. Molybdenum concentrate is transported by truck to either the Ports of Callao or Matarani for shipment.

The Cerro Verde mine is a porphyry copper deposit that has oxide, secondary sulfide and primary sulfide mineralization. The predominant oxide copper minerals are brochantite, chrysocolla, malachite and copper “pitch.” Chalcocite and covellite are the most important secondary copper sulfide minerals. Chalcopyrite and molybdenite are the dominant primary sulfides.

Cerro Verde’s operation consists of two concentrating facilities with a total milling design capacity of 360,000 metric tons of ore per day and SX/EW leaching facilities. Leach copper production is derived from a 39,000-metric-ton-per-day crushed leach facility and a 100,000-metric-ton-per-day ROM leach system. This SX/EW leaching operation has a capacity of approximately 200 million pounds of copper per year.

The available fleet consists of fifty-four 300-metric-ton haul trucks and ninety-three 245-metric-ton haul trucks (21 of which are currently on standby) and three 363-metric-ton leased haul trucks loaded by thirteen electric shovels with bucket sizes ranging in size from 33 to 57 cubic meters and two hydraulic shovels with a bucket size of 21 cubic meters (both of which are currently on standby). This fleet is capable of moving an average of approximately 970,000 metric tons of material per day. Cerro Verde’s net property, plant, equipment and mine development costs at December 31, 2021, totaled $6.1 billion.

During 2021, milling rates at Cerro Verde’s concentrator facilities averaged 380,300 metric tons of ore per day. Subject to ongoing monitoring of COVID-19 protocols, Cerro Verde is targeting milling rates to increase to approximately 400,000 metric tons of ore per day in 2022.

Cerro Verde’s production totaled 0.9 billion pounds of copper and 21 million pounds of molybdenum in 2021, 0.8 billion pounds of copper and 19 million pounds of molybdenum in 2020, and 1.0 billion pounds of copper and 29 million pounds of molybdenum in 2019.

Cerro Verde is located in a desert environment with rainfall averaging 1.5 inches per year and is in an active seismic zone. The highest bench elevation is 2,810 meters above sea level and the ultimate pit bottom is expected to be 1,523 meters above sea level. The Peru general mining law and Cerro Verde’s mining stability agreement grant the surface rights of mining concessions located on government land. Government land obtained after 1997 must be leased or purchased. Cerro Verde has a mining concession covering approximately 178,000 acres, including 62,000 acres of surface rights and access to 14,600 acres granted through an easement from the Peru National Assets Office, plus 150 acres of owned property, and 1,151 acres of rights-of-way outside the mining concession area leased from both government agencies and private parties.

Cerro Verde currently receives electrical power, including hydro-generated power, under long-term contracts with ElectroPeru and Engie Energia Peru S.A.

Water for our Cerro Verde processing operations comes from renewable sources through a series of storage reservoirs on the Rio Chili watershed that collect water primarily from seasonal precipitation and from wastewater collected from the city of Arequipa and treated at a wastewater treatment plant. We believe the Cerro Verde operation has sufficient water resources to support current operations. Refer to “Governmental Regulations” above and Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for further discussion.

We have a 51 percent ownership interest in El Abra, and the remaining 49 percent interest is held by the state-owned copper enterprise Corporación Nacional del Cobre de Chile.

El Abra is an open-pit copper mining complex that has been in operation since 1996 and is located 47 miles north of Calama in Chile’s El Loa province, Region II. The site is accessible by paved highway and by rail.

The El Abra mine is a porphyry copper deposit that has sulfide and oxide mineralization. The predominant primary sulfide copper minerals are bornite and chalcopyrite. There is a minor amount of secondary sulfide mineralization as chalcocite. The oxide copper minerals are chrysocolla and pseudomalachite. There are lesser amounts of copper bearing clays and tenorite.

The El Abra operation consists of a SX/EW facility with a capacity of 500 million pounds of copper cathode per year from a 125,000-metric-ton-per-day crushed leach circuit and a ROM leaching operation. The available fleet consists of twenty-three 242-metric-ton haul trucks loaded by four electric shovels with buckets ranging in size from 29 to 41 cubic meters, which are capable of moving 217,000 metric tons of material per day. El Abra’s net property, plant, equipment and mine development costs at December 31, 2021, totaled $707 million.

In April 2020, we revised our operating plans at El Abra. During 2021, El Abra returned to pre-April 2020 production levels. Further, increased mining and stacking activities are expected to result in a 30 percent increase in El Abra copper production for the year 2022, compared with the year 2021.

El Abra’s copper production totaled 160 million pounds in 2021, 159 million pounds in 2020 and 180 million pounds in 2019.

We continue to evaluate a large-scale expansion at El Abra to process additional sulfide material and to achieve higher copper recoveries. El Abra's large sulfide resource could potentially support a major mill project similar to the facilities constructed at Cerro Verde in 2015. Technical and economic studies continue to be evaluated to determine the optimal scope and timing for the sulfide project, and we are engaging stakeholders and preparing data required for submission of a robust permit application. We are monitoring potential changes in regulatory and fiscal matters in Chile and will defer major investment decisions pending clarity on these matters.

El Abra is located in a desert environment with rainfall averaging less than one inch per year and is in an active seismic zone. The highest bench elevation is 4,225 meters above sea level and the ultimate pit bottom is expected to be 3,385 meters above sea level. El Abra controls a total of approximately 183,600 acres of mining claims covering the ore deposit, stockpiles, process plant, and water wellfield and pipeline. In addition, El Abra has land surface rights for the road between the processing plant and the mine, the water wellfield, power transmission lines and for the water pipeline from the Salar de Ascotán aquifer.

El Abra currently receives electrical power under a long-term contract with Engie Energia Chile S.A. Water for our El Abra processing operations comes from the continued pumping of groundwater from the Salar de Ascotán aquifer pursuant to regulatory approval. We believe El Abra has sufficient water rights and regulatory approvals to support current operations. Refer to “Governmental Regulations” above and Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for further discussion.

In March 2021, PT-FI received a one-year extension of its export license through March 15, 2022. Export licenses are valid for a one year period, subject to review and approval by the Indonesia government every six months, depending on greenfield smelter development progress.

The Grasberg minerals district includes the following underground mines that are being operated; the Grasberg Block Cave, the Deep Mill Level Zone (DMLZ) and Big Gossan. During 2021, we began development of the Kucing Liar underground ore body and the Deep Ore Zone (DOZ) underground mine ceased production. The ramp-up of underground production at the Grasberg minerals district in Indonesia continues to advance on schedule. During 2021, a total of 139 new drawbells were added at the Grasberg Block Cave and DMLZ underground mines, bringing cumulative open drawbells to 510. Refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for discussion of risks associated with development projects and underground mines.

Production from the Grasberg minerals district totaled 1.3 billion pounds of copper and 1.4 million ounces of gold in 2021, 0.8 billion pounds of copper and 0.8 million ounces of gold in 2020, and 0.6 billion pounds of copper and 0.9 million ounces of gold in 2019. PT-FI’s net property, plant, equipment and mine development costs at December 31, 2021, totaled $15.1 billion.

Our principal source of power for our Indonesia operations is a coal-fired power plant that we built in 1998. Diesel generators supply peaking and backup electrical power generating capacity; however, beginning in 2022, our new dual-fuel power plant is expected eventually to provide up to approximately 40 percent of PT-FI’s power needs. A combination of naturally occurring mountain streams and water derived from our underground operations provides water for our operations. Our Indonesia operations are in an active seismic zone and experience average annual rainfall of approximately 200 inches.

The Grasberg Block Cave ore body is the same ore body historically mined from the surface in the Grasberg open pit. Undercutting, drawbell construction and ore extraction activities in the Grasberg Block Cave underground mine continue to track expectations. Monitoring data on cave propagation in the Grasberg Block Cave underground mine is providing confidence in growing production rates over time. As existing drawpoints mature and additional drawpoints are added, cave expansion is expected to accelerate production rates to an average of over 105,000 metric tons of ore per day in 2022 and 122,000 metric tons of ore per day in 2023 from five production blocks spanning 335,000 square meters. As of December 31, 2021, the Grasberg Block Cave underground mine had 336 open drawbells.

Ore milled from the Grasberg Block Cave underground mine averaged 70,600 metric tons per day in 2021, 30,800 metric tons per day in 2020 and 8,600 metric tons per day in 2019. Production at the Grasberg Block Cave underground mine is expected to continue through 2041.

The Grasberg Block Cave fleet consists of approximately 580 pieces of mobile equipment. The primary mining equipment directly associated with production and development includes an available fleet of 88 LHD units and 33 haul trucks. Each production LHD unit typically carries approximately 11 metric tons of ore and transfers ore into the rail haulage system. The Grasberg Block Cave has a rail haulage system currently operating with 10 locomotives and 120 ore wagons that haul the ore to the first 2 of the 3 planned gyratory crushers located underground via an automated rail system. Each ore wagon typically carries 30 metric tons.

The DMLZ ore body lies below the DOZ underground mine at the 2,590-meter elevation and represents the downward continuation of mineralization in the Ertsberg East Skarn system and neighboring Ertsberg porphyry.

The DMLZ has continued its ramp-up of production. Hydraulic fracturing operations have been effective in managing rock stresses and pre-conditioning the cave following mining-induced seismic activity experienced from time to time. Ongoing hydraulic fracturing operations combined with continued undercutting and drawbell openings in the two currently active production blocks are expected to expand the cave, supporting higher production rates that are expected to average approximately 68,000 metric tons of ore per day in 2022 and 69,000 metric tons of ore per day in 2023 from three production blocks. As of December 31, 2021, the DMLZ underground mine had 174 open drawbells.

Ore milled from the DMLZ underground mine averaged 58,000 metric tons per day in 2021, 28,600 metric tons per day in 2020 and 9,800 metric tons per day in 2019. Production at the DMLZ underground mine is expected to continue through 2041.

The DMLZ fleet consists of over 390 pieces of mobile equipment, which includes 63 LHD units and 34 haul trucks used in production and development activities. Each production LHD unit typically carries approximately 11 metric tons of ore and transfers ore into the truck haulage system. The haul trucks have a capacity of 55 to 60 metric tons and load ore from chutes fed by the LHDs and transfer it to one of two gyratory crushers. The crushed ore is conveyed to surface stockpiles for processing.

The Big Gossan ore body lies underground and adjacent to the current mill site. It is a tabular, near vertical ore body with approximate dimensions of 1,200 meters along strike and 800 meters down dip with varying thicknesses from 20 meters to 120 meters. The mine utilizes a blasthole stoping method with delayed paste backfill. Stopes of varying sizes are mined and the ore dropped down passes to a truck haulage level. Trucks are chute loaded and transport the ore to a jaw crusher. The crushed ore is then hoisted vertically via a two-skip production shaft to a level where it is loaded onto a conveyor belt. The belt carries the ore to one of the main underground conveyors where the ore is transferred and conveyed to the surface stockpiles for processing.

Ore milled from the Big Gossan underground mine averaged approximately 7,500 metric tons per day in 2021, 7,000 metric tons per day in 2020 and 6,100 metric tons per day in 2019. Production at the Big Gossan underground mine is expected to continue through 2041.

The Big Gossan fleet consists of over 90 pieces of mobile equipment, which includes 14 LHD units and 10 haul trucks used in development and production activities.

PT-FI commenced long-term mine development activities for its Kucing Liar deposit in October 2021, which is expected to produce over 6 billion pounds of copper and 5 million ounces of gold between 2028 and the end of 2041. The Kucing Liar underground deposit lies on the southern flank of and underneath the southern portion of the Grasberg open pit at the 2,605-meter elevation level. Similar to PT-FI's experience with large-scale, block-cave mines, pre-production development activities will occur over an approximate 10-year timeframe. At full operating rates of 90,000 metric tons of ore per day, annual production from Kucing Liar is expected to approximate 600 million pounds of copper and 500,000 ounces of gold, providing PT-FI with sustained long-term, large-scale and low-cost production. Capital investments for Kucing Liar over the next 10 years are expected to average approximately $400 million per year. Kucing Liar will benefit from substantial shared infrastructure and PT-FI's experience and long-term success in block-cave mining.

The DOZ ore body lies vertically below the depleted Intermediate Ore Zone. PT-FI began production from the DOZ ore body in 1989 and the ore body was depleted at the end of 2021. Ore milled from the DOZ underground mine averaged 8,700 metric tons per day in 2021, 20,900 metric tons per day in 2020 and 25,500 metric tons per day in 2019.

PT-FI began open-pit mining of the Grasberg ore body in 1990 and the final phase was mined during 2019. In aggregate, the Grasberg open pit produced over 27 billion pounds of copper and 46 million ounces of gold in the 30-year period from 1990 through 2019.

The copper mineralization in these skarn deposits is dominated by chalcopyrite, but higher bornite concentrations are common. Moreover, gold occurs in significant concentrations in all of the district’s ore bodies, though rarely visible to the naked eye. These gold concentrations usually occur as inclusions within the copper sulfide minerals, though, in some deposits, these concentrations can also be strongly associated with pyrite.

The following diagram indicates the relative elevations (in meters) of our reported Indonesia ore bodies.

The following map, which encompasses an area of 42 square kilometers, indicates the relative positions and sizes of our reported Indonesia ore bodies and their locations.

The design capacity of the smelter is approximately 300,000 metric tons of copper per year, and the refinery has a capacity of 286,000 metric tons of copper per year. Atlantic Copper’s anode production from its smelter totaled 278,600 metric tons of copper in 2021, 275,900 metric tons in 2020 and 272,000 metric tons in 2019. Copper cathode production from its refinery totaled 277,000 metric tons of copper in 2021, 275,000 metric tons in 2020 and 268,300 metric tons in 2019.

Following is the allocation of Atlantic Copper’s concentrate purchases from unaffiliated third parties and our copper mining operations for the years ended December 31:

Atlantic Copper’s major maintenance turnarounds typically occur approximately every eight years, with shorter-term maintenance turnarounds in the interim. Atlantic Copper last completed a major maintenance turnaround in 2013 and most recently completed a 16-day maintenance turnaround in 2019. The next major maintenance turnaround is scheduled for the first half of 2022.

In November 2021, PT-FI completed agreements with Mitsubishi Materials Corporation to implement the expansion of PT Smelting’s capacity by 30 percent to 1.3 million metric tons of concentrate per year, which is expected to be completed by the end of 2023 in connection with PT-FI’s commitment to develop additional smelting capacity in Indonesia. Refer to Note 2 for discussion of PT-FI’s loan to PT Smelting.

PT-FI’s contract with PT Smelting provides for PT-FI to supply 100 percent of the copper concentrate requirements (subject to a minimum or maximum treatment charge rate) necessary for PT Smelting to produce 205,000 metric tons of copper annually on a priority basis. PT-FI may also sell copper concentrate to PT Smelting at market rates for quantities in excess of 205,000 metric tons of copper annually. PT-FI supplied 100 percent of PT Smelting’s concentrate requirements in 2021, 74 percent in 2020 and 90 percent in 2019.

In early 2017, the Indonesia government issued new regulations to address exports of unrefined metals, including copper concentrate and anode slimes, and other matters related to the mining sector. These regulations permit the export of anode slimes, which is necessary for PT Smelting to continue operating. In December 2021, PT Smelting received a twelve-month extension of its anode slimes export license, which currently expires December 9, 2022, subject to review and approval by the Indonesia government every six months. Refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for further discussion.

PT Smelting’s anode production from its smelter totaled 280,400 metric tons of copper in 2021, 276,900 metric tons in 2020 and 246,100 metric tons in 2019. Copper cathode production from its refinery totaled 256,900 metric tons of copper in 2021, 273,000 metric tons in 2020 and 241,200 metric tons in 2019.

PT Smelting’s maintenance turnarounds (which range from two weeks to a month to complete) typically are expected to occur approximately every two years, with short-term maintenance turnarounds in the interim. PT Smelting completed a 30-day maintenance turnaround during December 2020, and the next major turnaround is scheduled for the second half of 2022. In addition, PT Smelting has a planned 75-day shutdown scheduled for the first half of 2023 associated with its expansion project.

The Miami smelter processes copper concentrate primarily from our North America copper mines. Concentrate processed through the smelter totaled 674,000 metric tons in 2021, 764,000 metric tons in 2020 and 641,000 metric tons in 2019. In addition, because sulfuric acid is a by-product of smelting concentrate, the Miami smelter is also the most significant source of sulfuric acid for our North America leaching operations.

Capital expenditures totaled $2.1 billion (including $1.25 billion for major projects and $0.2 billion for Indonesia smelter projects) in 2021, $2.0 billion (including $1.2 billion for major projects and $0.1 billion for Indonesia smelter projects) in 2020 and $2.65 billion (including $1.5 billion for major projects) in 2019. Capital expenditures for major projects during 2021, 2020 and 2019 were primarily associated with underground development activities in the Grasberg minerals district and the Lone Star copper leach project at our Safford mine, which was completed in the second half of 2020. Refer to MD&A for projected capital expenditures for the year 2022.

We have several projects and potential opportunities to expand production volumes, extend mine lives and develop large-scale underground ore bodies. As further discussed in MD&A, our near-term major development projects will focus on the underground development activities in the Grasberg minerals district. Considering the long-term nature and large size of our development projects, actual costs and timing could vary from estimates. Additionally, in response to market conditions, the timing of our expenditures will continue to be reviewed. We continue to review our mine development and processing plans to maximize the value of our mineral reserves.

Additionally, full development of PT-FI’s underground mineral reserves at the Grasberg minerals district is expected to require approximately $3 billion (most of which will be incurred over an approximate 12-year period) of capital expenditures at our processing facilities to optimize the handling of underground ore from the Grasberg Block Cave, DMLZ and Kucing Liar deposits. Increases in power loads at these processing facilities and the underground mines are expected to require additional power generation with capital expenditures approximating $0.6 billion for new dual-fuel power generation, upgrades to existing transmission lines, and refurbishment of the existing three coal units.

Our mining exploration activities are primarily associated with our existing mines, focusing on opportunities to expand mineral reserves and mineral resources to support development of additional future production capacity. Exploration results continue to indicate opportunities for significant future potential reserve additions at our existing properties in North America and South America. Exploration spending associated with mining operations totaled $50 million in 2021, $34 million in 2020 and $77 million in 2019.

Refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for further discussion of risks associated with mine development projects and exploration activities, and PT-FI’s IUPK.

Our copper mining operations require significant amounts of energy, principally diesel, electricity, coal and natural gas, most of which is obtained from third parties under long-term contracts. Energy represented approximately 21 percent of our copper mine site operating costs in 2021, including purchases of approximately 220 million gallons of diesel fuel; approximately 8,000 gigawatt hours of electricity at our North America and South America copper mining operations (we generate all of our power at our Indonesia mining operation); approximately 750 thousand metric tons of coal for our coal power plant in Indonesia; and approximately 1 million MMBtu (million British thermal units) of natural gas at certain of our North America mines. Based on current cost estimates, energy is expected to approximate 25 percent of our copper mine site operating costs in 2022.

Our mining operations also require significant quantities of water for mining, ore processing and related support facilities. The loss of water rights for any of our mines, in whole or in part, or shortages of water to which we have rights, could require us to curtail or shut down mining operations. For a further discussion of risks and legal proceedings associated with the availability of water, refer to “Governmental Regulations” above, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and Item 3. “Legal Proceedings.”

Sulfuric acid is used in the SX/EW process and is produced as a by-product of the smelting process at our smelters and from our sulfur burners at the Safford mine. Sulfuric acid needs in excess of the sulfuric acid produced by our operations are purchased from third parties.

We are committed to promoting the health, safety and well-being of our workforce and striving to further strengthen our commitment to promoting an inclusive, diverse and agile workplace. We believe our global workforce is the foundation of our success. Our Board of Directors (Board) oversees our policies and implementation programs that govern our approach to management of our human capital, with the Board’s Corporate Responsibility Committee having oversight of health and safety matters and the Board’s Compensation Committee having oversight of other human capital matters, including those relating to workforce recruitment, retention and development, pay equity and inclusion and diversity.

At December 31, 2021, we had approximately 24,700 employees (11,600 in North America, 6,100 in Indonesia, 6,000 in South America and 1,000 in Europe and other locations). We also had contractors that employ personnel at many of our operations, including approximately 22,200 at the Grasberg minerals district in Indonesia, 13,600 in North America, 6,100 at our South America mining operations and 600 in Europe and other locations.

Approximately 31 percent of our global employee population is covered by collective labor agreements (CLA), with 14 percent covered by a CLA that will or was scheduled to expire in 2022. In North America, our workforce is not covered by a CLA. Our North America hourly employees choose to work directly with management utilizing our Guiding Principles, which sets out how we work together within the values of the company to achieve our collective goals.

Employees covered by CLAs on December 31, 2021, are listed below, with the number of employees covered and the expiration date of the applicable CLA:

We engage openly with our employee and union leadership to negotiate and uphold labor agreements, recognizing that labor disruptions such as prolonged strikes or other work stoppages can adversely affect our business operations, our workforce and regional stakeholders. There were no strikes or lockouts at any of our operations in 2021.

Our highest priority is the health, safety and well-being of our employees and contractors. We also instill health and safety processes for our suppliers and the communities where we operate. We believe that health and safety considerations are integral to, and fundamental for, all other functions in our organization, and we understand that the health and safety of our workforce is critical to our operational efficiency and long-term success. Our global health and safety approach, “Safe Production Matters,” is focused on fatality prevention and continuous improvement through the use of robust management systems, empowering safe work behaviors and strengthening our safety culture.

We focus on fatality prevention through the use of data and technology as well as behavioral science principles. Our framework for managing risks and compliance obligations is certified company wide in accordance with the new ISO 45001 Health and Safety Management System (ISO 45001), most recently certified in September 2021. ISO 45001 requires third-party site-level verification of requirements, with a goal to prevent fatalities and reduce safety incidents.

As part of our commitment to providing a safe and healthy workplace, we strive to provide the training, tools and resources needed so our workforce can identify risks and consistently apply effective controls. We share information and key learnings about potentially fatal events, near misses and best practices throughout the company and engage with industry peers outside the organization to continuously improve our health and safety performance. We also review and discuss all fatalities with the Corporate Responsibility Committee and the Board.

Our objective is to achieve zero workplace fatalities and to decrease injuries and occupational illnesses. We measure our safety performance through regularly established benchmarks, including our company-wide Total Recordable Incident Rate (TRIR), which includes both employees and contractors. In 2021, regrettably, we had 3 workplace fatal events, 2 work related and 1 not yet classified as either an independent medical episode or work related, and 17 potential fatal events (PFEs), compared to 5 fatalities and 12 PFEs in 2020. Overall, the percentage of high risk incidents has trended down from 11 percent in 2019 to 7 percent in 2020 and 2021. Our TRIR per 200,000 man-hours worked was 0.69 in both 2021 and 2020, meeting our 2021 and 2020 targets. The metal mining sector industry average per 200,000 man-hours worked reported by MSHA was 1.70 for 2021 (preliminary for the period of January 1, 2021, through September 30, 2021) and 1.66 in 2020.

In 2021, we continued to take steps to protect our workforce from COVID-19, including by continuing operating protocols at each of our operating sites to contain and mitigate the risk of spread of COVID-19. We will continue to monitor, assess and update our COVID-19 response and to provide assistance to employees in obtaining vaccinations. We are committed to the communities where we operate and continue to work closely with them, including providing monetary support and in-kind contributions of medical supplies and food. To support our

employees around the world, we adjusted our policies for sick leave and other pay practices to encourage ill employees to stay home. We also implemented a policy to allow those who can work remotely to do so. During the pandemic and looking beyond, we have committed to maintaining health benefits and offer guidance resources to support mental and physical well-being.

We operate in regions of varying ethnic, religious and cultural backgrounds, and we often are the largest employer in our local communities. A key to our success is the ability to recruit, retain, develop and advance talented employees with diverse perspectives.

In addition to the health, safety and well-being of our global workforce, we have prioritized a flexible, highly engaged and agile workforce. The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified our focus on the need for, and receptivity to, innovation across all facets of the business, particularly in how we communicate, engage and collaborate across our global workforce in a more virtual environment.

We are committed to ongoing training and development of our workforce. We focus on attracting and retaining talented people by offering quality employment with competitive compensation and benefits as well as opportunities for professional development and growth. Strategic talent reviews and succession planning occur regularly and across all business areas. To support the advancement of our employees, we offer training and development programs encouraging advancement from within and continue to promote strong and experienced management talent. We leverage both formal and informal programs to identify, foster and retain top talent at both the corporate and operations levels.

Additionally, hiring locally is a commitment we make to the communities surrounding our operations and to our host countries. Most people employed at our operations are host country nationals. We retain expatriate expertise for managerial and technical roles only when it is not available in local communities. To further these efforts, expatriates receive cultural training upon their arrival to a new location.

We are committed to fostering a culture that is safety focused, respectful, inclusive and representative of the communities where we operate. We respect and value the different ideas, beliefs, experiences, talents, skills, perspectives, backgrounds and cultures of our workforce. We strive for, promote and foster a workplace where everyone feels a sense of belonging, is treated with respect and their opinions are valued. We believe an inclusive environment gives our people the confidence to speak up, share ideas that drive innovation, and achieve operational excellence. Our inclusive environment is the foundation of our high-performance culture and is paramount to the long-term sustainable success of our business.

Our inclusion and diversity principles align with our core values of safety, respect, integrity, excellence and commitment, and are reflected in our Inclusion and Diversity Policy, our Principles of Business Conduct and other related policies.

Refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for further information on human capital matters.

We have adopted policies that govern our working relationships with the communities where we operate and that are designed to guide our practices and programs in a manner that respects human rights and the culture of the local people impacted by our operations.

We continue to make significant expenditures on community development, health, education, training and cultural programs, which include:

In 2000, we endorsed the joint U.S. State Department-British Foreign Office Voluntary Principles on Human Rights and Security (Voluntary Principles). We participated in developing these Voluntary Principles with other major natural resource companies and international human rights organizations and they are incorporated into our human rights policy. The Voluntary Principles provide guidelines for our security programs, including interaction with host-government security personnel, private security contractors and our internal security employees.

Our human rights policy, most recently updated in December 2020, reflects our commitment to implementing the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. We have embarked on a program to plan and conduct site-level human rights impact assessments (HRIA) at our global operations.

HRIAs help us to embed human rights considerations into our business practices, including site-level sustainable development risk registers. We completed a HRIA at our Cerro Verde operation in Peru in 2017 and at our New Mexico mining operations in 2018. During 2021, we substantially completed a HRIA at our El Abra operations in Chile and began a comprehensive HRIA for all of our Arizona sites including Morenci, Bagdad, Safford, Sierrita and Miami, which we expect to complete in the first half of 2022. We also participate in a multi-industry human rights working group to gain insight from peer companies and experts in the field to learn how best practices are evolving.

We believe that our social and economic development programs are responsive to the issues raised by the local communities near our areas of operation and help us maintain good relations with the surrounding communities and avoid disruptions of mining operations. As part of our ongoing commitment to our community stakeholders, we have made and expect to continue making investments in certain social programs, including in-kind support and administration, across our global operations from time to time. Over the last three years, these investments have averaged $124 million per year. Nevertheless, social and political instability in the areas of our operations may adversely impact our mining operations. Refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for further discussion.

Cerro Verde reached an agreement with the Regional Government of Arequipa, the National Government, the local water utility company and other local institutions to allow it to finance, engineer and construct a wastewater treatment plant for the city of Arequipa, which was completed in 2015. The wastewater treatment plant supplements existing water supplies to support Cerro Verde’s concentrator expansion and also improves the local water quality, enhances agriculture products grown in the area and reduces the risk of waterborne illnesses. In addition to these projects, Cerro Verde annually makes significant community development investments in the Arequipa region.

Cerro Verde, like all businesses and residents of Peru, relies on the Peru government for the maintenance of public order, upholding the rule of law and the protection of personnel and property. The Peru government is responsible for employing police personnel and directing their operations. Cerro Verde has limited public security forces in support of its operation, with the arrangement defined through a memorandum of understanding with the Peru National Police. Cerro Verde’s share of support costs for government-provided security approximated $1 million in each of the years 2021, 2020 and 2019.

In addition to the Partnership Fund, PT-FI has made and expects to continue making annual investments in public health, education, community infrastructure and local economic development.

PT-FI’s costs for its internal civilian security department totaled $50 million in 2021, $47 million in 2020 and $52 million in 2019.

PT-FI, like all businesses and residents of Indonesia, relies on the Indonesia government for the maintenance of public order, upholding the rule of law and protection of personnel and property. The Grasberg minerals district has been designated by the Indonesia government as one of Indonesia’s vital national assets. This designation results in the police, and to a lesser extent, the military, playing a significant role in protecting the area of our operations. The Indonesia government is responsible for employing police and military personnel and directing their operations.

From the outset of PT-FI’s operations, the Indonesia government has looked to PT-FI to provide logistical and infrastructure support and assistance for these necessary services because of the limited resources of the Indonesia government and the remote location of and lack of development in Papua. PT-FI’s financial support of the Indonesia government security institutions assigned to PT-FI’s operations area represents a prudent response to PT-FI’s requirements and commitments to protect its workforce and property better ensuring that personnel are properly fed and lodged and have the logistical resources to patrol PT-FI’s roads and secure its area of operations. In addition, the provision of such support is consistent with our philosophy of responsible corporate citizenship, and reflects our commitment to pursue practices that protect and respect human rights.

PT-FI’s support costs for the government-provided security totaled $25 million in 2021 and $22 million in both 2020 and 2019. This supplemental support consists of various infrastructure and other costs, including food, housing, fuel, travel, vehicle repairs, allowances to cover incidental and administrative costs, and community assistance programs conducted by the military and police.

Refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for further discussion of security risks in Indonesia.

Our estimates of mineral reserves have been prepared in accordance with the disclosure requirements of S-K 1300. Proven and probable mineral reserves were determined from the application of relevant modifying factors to geological data, in order to establish an operational, economically viable mine plan. The estimates are based on mapping, drilling, sampling, assaying and evaluation methods generally applied in the mining industry. Mineral reserves, as used in the mineral reserve data presented here, means the economically mineable part of a measured or indicated resource, which includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur when the material is mined or extracted. Proven mineral reserves mean the economically mineable part of a measured mineral resource, from geological evidence revealed in outcrops, trenches, workings or drill holes with grades and/or quality estimates from detailed, closely-spaced sampling, and geologic characterization that defines the size, shape, depth and mineral content to a high degree of confidence. Probable mineral reserves means the economically mineable part of an indicated mineral resource, for which quantity and grade are estimated from information similar to that used for measured mineral resources where the samples are farther apart, and the geological characterization is adequate. Probable mineral reserves can also include remaining portions of a measured mineral resource. The degree of assurance, although lower than that for proven mineral reserves, is high enough to assume continuity between points of observation.

Our estimates of recoverable proven and probable mineral reserves are prepared by and are the responsibility of our employees. These estimates are reviewed and verified regularly by independent experts in mining, geology and reserve determination. Our mineral reserve estimates are based on the latest available geological and geotechnical studies. We conduct ongoing studies of our ore bodies to optimize economic values and to manage risk. We revise our mine plans and estimates of recoverable proven and probable mineral reserves as required in accordance with the latest available studies. Refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for discussion of risks associated with our estimates of proven and probable mineral reserves.

The estimated recoverable proven and probable mineral reserves presented in the table below represent the estimated metal quantities from which we expect to be paid after application of estimated metallurgical recoveries and smelter recoveries, where applicable.