HSBC USA (HUSI+G) S-3ASRAutomatic shelf registration

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 23, 2021

Registration No. 333- 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

Under
The Securities Act of 1933

HSBC USA Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

452 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10018
(212) 525-5000
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Mark Steffensen
Senior Executive Vice President and General Counsel
HSBC North America Holdings Inc.
452 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10018 (212) 525-5000
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Please send copies of all communications to:
David I. Gottlieb, Esq.

Helena K. Grannis, Esq.
Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP

One Liberty Plaza
New York, New York 10006

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to public: From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ¨

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ¨

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. x

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The prospectus contained herein relates to both of the following:

When the prospectus contained herein is delivered to a purchaser in the initial offering described above, the purchaser will be informed of that fact on the confirmation of sale. When the prospectus is delivered to a purchaser who is not so informed, it is delivered in a market-making transaction.

PROSPECTUS

HSBC USA Inc.

Debt Securities

Preferred Stock

Depositary Shares

Warrants

Purchase Contracts

and

Units

HSBC USA Inc. from time to time may offer to sell debt securities, preferred stock, either separately or represented by depositary shares, warrants, purchase contracts and units.

HSBC USA Inc. will provide specific terms of the securities that it may offer at any time in supplements to this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any supplement carefully before you invest.

Investing in the securities involves certain risks. See “Risk Factors” on Page 2.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The securities are not deposit liabilities or other obligations of a bank and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency of the United States or any other jurisdiction.

HSBC USA Inc. may use this prospectus in connection with the initial sale of these securities. In addition, HSBC Securities (USA) Inc., or other affiliates of HSBC USA Inc., may use this prospectus in market-making transactions in these or similar securities after the initial sale.

UNLESS HSBC USA INC. OR ITS AGENT INFORMS THE PURCHASER OTHERWISE IN THE CONFIRMATION OF SALE, THIS PROSPECTUS IS BEING USED IN A MARKET-MAKING TRANSACTION.

The date of this prospectus is February 23, 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

HSBC USA has not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement (including any pricing supplement, a “Prospectus Supplement”) or any related free writing prospectus. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different or additional information. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement or any free writing prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of such document.

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more initial offerings.

This prospectus may also be used in market-making transactions, as described under the heading “PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION (CONFLICTS OF INTEREST).” This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities that we may offer. Each time we offer to sell securities, we will provide one or more Prospectus Supplements that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. Such Prospectus Supplements may also add to, update, or change information contained in this prospectus. If the information in this prospectus differs from information contained in any Prospectus Supplement, you should rely on the information in the Prospectus Supplement. You should read both this prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement together with the additional information described under the heading “WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION.” In this prospectus, “us,” “we,” “our,” and “HSBC USA” refer to HSBC USA Inc. and “HSBC Bank” refers to HSBC Bank USA, National Association.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in the securities involves risk. Please see the “Risk Factors” section in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in each of our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, all of which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider these risks as well as other information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, including information contained in our filings with the SEC after the date of this prospectus. The Prospectus Supplement applicable to each type or series of securities we offer may contain a discussion of additional risks applicable to an investment in us and the particular type of securities we are offering under that Prospectus Supplement.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

HSBC USA files annual, quarterly and current reports and other information with the SEC. The SEC filings are available to the public on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. This website URL is an inactive textual reference only.

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and information that we file with the SEC later will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the HSBC USA documents listed below and any future filings made by HSBC USA with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), excluding any portions of such documents that have been “furnished” but not “filed” for purposes of the Exchange Act, until we sell all of the securities:

You may request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at: HSBC USA Inc., 452 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10018, Attention: Corporate Secretary, Telephone: (212) 525-5000. These filings are also available on the website HSBC USA maintains at www.hsbcusa.com. This website URL is an inactive textual reference only. Information on that website does not constitute a part of this prospectus.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The following documents relating to our securities contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995:

In addition, we may make or approve certain statements in future filings with the SEC, in press releases, or oral or written presentations by representatives of HSBC USA Inc. (“HSBC USA” and, together with its subsidiaries, “HUSI”) that are not statements of historical fact and may also constitute forward-looking statements. Words such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “would”, “could”, “appears”, “believe”, “intends”, “expects”, “estimates”, “targeted”, “plans”, “anticipates”, “goal”, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but should not be considered as the only means through which these statements may be made. These matters or statements will relate to our future structure, operations, strategy, financial condition, economic forecast, results of operations, plans, objectives, performance or business developments and will involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from that which was expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

All forward-looking statements are, by their nature, subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Our actual future results may differ materially from those set forth in our forward-looking statements. While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, below are certain factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward- looking statements:

Forward-looking statements are based on our current views and assumptions and speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect subsequent circumstances or events. You should, however, consider any additional disclosures of a forward-looking nature that arise after the date hereof as may be discussed in any of our subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, or Prospectus Supplements.

HSBC USA INC.

HSBC USA Inc., a Maryland corporation, is a New York State-based bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”). HSBC USA was incorporated under the laws of the State of Maryland in 1973 as Republic New York Corporation, was acquired through a series of transactions by HSBC and changed its name to “HSBC USA Inc.” in December 1999. The address of HSBC USA’s principal executive office is 452 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10018 (telephone 212-525-5000).

HSBC USA is a subsidiary of HSBC North America, which is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC. HSBC, headquartered in London, England, is one of the largest banking and financial services organizations in the world. HSBC’s ordinary shares are admitted to trading on the London Stock Exchange and are listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong, Euronext Paris and the Bermuda Stock Exchange, and its American depository shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless stated otherwise in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, HSBC USA will use the net proceeds from initial sales of the securities for general corporate purposes, which may include one or more of the following: investments in and extensions of credit to our subsidiaries, including our principal subsidiary, HSBC Bank; financing future acquisitions of financial institutions, as well as banking and other assets; and the redemption of certain of our outstanding securities. Pending such use, the net proceeds may be invested temporarily in short-term obligations.

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

HSBC USA may offer, from time to time, one or more series of unsecured senior notes (“Debt Securities”). The following description of the Debt Securities sets forth certain general terms and provisions of the Debt Securities to which any Prospectus Supplement may relate. The particular terms of the Debt Securities offered by any Prospectus Supplement and the extent, if any, to which these general provisions may apply to such Debt Securities will be described in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such Debt Securities.

General

HSBC USA will issue Debt Securities constituting either senior debt (the “Senior Debt Securities”) or subordinated debt (the “Subordinated Debt Securities”). Senior Debt Securities will be issued under a senior debt indenture (each, a “Senior Indenture”). Subordinated Debt Securities will be issued under a subordinated debt indenture (each, a “Subordinated Indenture”). The indenture trustee under the Senior Indenture will be Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, or such other entity as is specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. The indenture trustee under the Subordinated Indenture will be Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas or such other entity as is specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. We refer to the Senior Indenture and the Subordinated Indenture individually as an “Indenture” and collectively as the “Indentures.” HSBC USA has appointed HSBC Bank to act as paying agent under each Indenture.

The following summaries of certain provisions of the Indentures do not purport to be complete and these summaries are qualified in their entirety by reference to all of the provisions of the applicable Indenture, including the definitions therein of certain terms. Unless otherwise specified, capitalized terms used in this summary have the meanings specified in the applicable Indenture.

The following briefly summarizes the material provisions of the Indentures and the Debt Securities, other than pricing and related terms disclosed in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. You should read the more detailed provisions of the applicable Indenture, including the defined terms, for provisions that may be important to you. You should also read the particular terms of a series of Debt Securities, which will be described in more detail in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. You can obtain a copy of the Indentures as described under the caption “WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION.” So that you may easily locate the more detailed provisions, the numbers in parentheses below refer to sections in the applicable Indenture or, if no indenture is specified, to sections in each of the Indentures. Wherever particular sections or defined terms of the applicable Indenture are referred to, such sections or defined terms are incorporated into this prospectus by reference, and the statements in this prospectus are qualified by that reference.

Because we are a holding company, our rights and the rights of our creditors, including the holders of the Debt Securities, to participate in the assets of any subsidiary, including HSBC Bank, upon the subsidiary’s liquidation or reorganization or otherwise would be subject to the prior claims of the subsidiary’s creditors, except to the extent that we may be a creditor with recognized claims against such subsidiary.

The Indentures do not limit the aggregate principal amount of Debt Securities that may be issued. HSBC USA may issue Debt Securities in series up to the aggregate principal amount that may be authorized from time to time without your consent. The Debt Securities will be the unsecured obligations of HSBC USA (Section 113). The Senior Debt Securities will rank on a parity with all of the other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of HSBC USA. The Subordinated Debt Securities will be subordinate in right of payment, as described under “— Subordinated Debt Securities—Subordination.”

The Debt Securities may be issued in one or more series of Senior Debt Securities and/or one or more series of Subordinated Debt Securities. Holders should refer to the applicable Prospectus Supplement for the terms of the particular series of Debt Securities, including, where applicable (Section 301):

If the amount of payments of principal of and premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the Debt Securities is determined with reference to any type of index or formula or changes in prices or performance of particular securities, currencies, intangibles, goods, articles or commodities or any other financial, economic or other measure or instrument (including the occurrence or non-occurrence of any event or circumstance), the federal income tax consequences, specific terms and other information with respect to the Debt Securities and the related index or formula, securities, currencies, intangibles, goods, articles or commodities will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

We may sell Debt Securities at a substantial discount below their stated principal amount, bearing no interest or interest at a rate that at the time of issuance is below market rates. These are referred to as discount securities. Federal income tax consequences and other special considerations applicable to discount securities will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

Registration and Transfer

Unless otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, we will issue each series of Debt Securities only in registered form, which we refer to as registered securities. Unless otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, HSBC Bank will serve as the initial security registrar. Unless otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, registered securities may be presented for transfer (duly endorsed or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer, if so required by us or the securities registrar) or exchanged for other Debt Securities of the same series at the corporate trust office of the indenture trustee in New York City. We shall make this transfer or exchange without service charge but may require payment of any tax or other governmental charge, as described in the applicable Indenture (Sections 301, 305, 1202).

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, registered securities, other than registered securities issued in global form (which may be of any denomination), will be issued without coupons and in denominations of $1,000 or integral multiples thereof (Section 302).

As currently anticipated, Debt Securities of a series will be issued in book-entry form, and global notes will be issued in physical (paper) form, as described below under “BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES.” Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, Debt Securities denominated in United States dollars will be issued only in denominations of $1,000 and whole multiples of $1,000 (Section 302). The Prospectus Supplement relating to Debt Securities denominated in a foreign or composite currency will specify the denomination of the Debt Securities.

Payment and Paying Agents

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, we will pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the Debt Securities at the corporate trust office of the indenture trustee in New York City or at the corporate offices of HSBC Bank, in New York City, except that, at our option, we may pay interest by mailing a check to the address of the person entitled thereto as the address appears in the security register. (Sections 301, 307, 1202).

Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets

Under each Indenture, we may consolidate with or merge into any other corporation or convey, transfer or lease our properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any person without the consent of the holders of any of the Debt Securities outstanding under the applicable Indenture, provided that:

Modification and Waiver

Each Indenture provides that we and the indenture trustee may modify or amend the Indenture with the consent of the holders of 66 2/3% in principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of each series affected by a particular modification or amendment; provided, however, that any modification or amendment may not, without the consent of the holder of each outstanding Debt Security affected thereby:

The holders of 66 2/3% in principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of each series may, on behalf of all holders of Debt Securities of that series, waive, insofar as that series is concerned, compliance by us with certain terms, conditions and provisions of the Indenture

(Section 1205). The holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of any series may, on behalf of all holders of Debt Securities of that series, waive any past default under the applicable Indenture with respect to Debt Securities of that series and its consequences, except that a default in the payment of principal or premium, if any, or interest, if any, or in respect of a covenant or provision which under Article XI of the Indenture cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the holder of each outstanding Debt Security of the affected series (Section 513).

Each Indenture provides that, in determining whether the holders of the requisite principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver thereunder or are present at a meeting of holders for quorum purposes, and for making calculations required under Section 313 of the Trust Indenture Act, (a) the principal amount of a discount security that may be counted in making the determination or calculation and that will be deemed to be outstanding will be the amount of principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the time of the determination upon acceleration of the maturity thereof; and (b) the principal amount of any indexed Debt Security that may be counted in making the determination or calculation and that will be deemed outstanding for this purpose will be equal to the principal face amount of the indexed Debt Security at original issuance, unless otherwise provided with respect to such debt security (Section 101).

Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

We may elect:

in either case by:

Defeasance of our obligations with respect to Subordinated Debt Securities is subject to the prior written approval of the Federal Reserve Board and the Prudential Regulation Authority of the U.K., which we refer to as the “Prudential Regulation Authority” (Subordinated Indenture, Section 1402).

If we exercise our covenant defeasance option with respect to any series of Senior Debt Securities and those Senior Debt Securities are declared due and payable because of the occurrence of any Event of Default other than with respect to a covenant as to which there has been covenant defeasance as described above, the money and U.S. Government Obligations on deposit with the indenture trustee will be sufficient to pay amounts due on the Senior Debt Securities at their stated maturity but may not be sufficient to pay amounts due on the Senior Debt Securities at the time of acceleration relating to the Event of Default. However, we would remain liable to make payment of the amounts due at the time of acceleration.

The applicable Prospectus Supplement may further describe the provisions, if any, permitting the defeasance or covenant defeasance, including any modifications to the provisions described above, with respect to the Debt Securities of or within any particular series.

Regarding the Indenture Trustees

Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, the indenture trustee under the Senior Indenture, has a designated corporate trust office at 45 Broadway, 14th Floor, New York, New York 10006. Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, the indenture trustee under the Subordinated Indenture, has a designated corporate trust office at 60 Wall Street, 27th Floor, New York, New York 10005. We and our banking subsidiaries maintain banking relationships with both indenture trustees.

Senior Debt Securities

The Senior Debt Securities will be our direct unsecured obligations and will constitute Senior Indebtedness (as defined below under “— Subordinated Debt Securities—Subordination”) ranking on a parity with our other Senior Indebtedness.

Events of Default

The following will be Events of Default under the Senior Indenture with respect to Senior Debt Securities of any series:

If an Event of Default with respect to Senior Debt Securities of any series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing, either the indenture trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Senior Debt Securities of that series may declare the principal amount (or, if the securities of that series are discount securities or indexed securities, a portion of the principal amount of such Senior Debt Securities as may be specified in the terms thereof) of and all accrued but unpaid interest on all such Senior Debt Securities to be due and payable immediately, by a written notice to us (and to the indenture trustee, if given by holders), and upon such a declaration this principal amount (or specified amount) and interest shall become immediately due and payable. At any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to Senior Debt Securities of any series has been made, but before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained, the holders of a majority in principal amount of outstanding Senior Debt Securities of that series may, under certain circumstances, rescind and annul the declaration and its consequences, if all Events of Default have been cured, or if permitted, waived, and all payments due (other than those due as a result of acceleration) have been made or provided for (Senior Indenture, Section 502).

The Senior Indenture provides that, subject to the duty of the indenture trustee during an Event of Default to act with the required standard of care, the indenture trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the Senior Indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of Senior Debt Securities of any series, unless the relevant holders shall have offered to the indenture trustee reasonable indemnity or security against the costs, expenses and liabilities which may be incurred (Senior Indenture, Sections 601, 603). Subject to certain provisions, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Senior Debt Securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the indenture trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the indenture trustee, with respect to the Senior Debt Securities of that series (Senior Indenture, Section 512).

We are required to deliver to the indenture trustee annually an officers’ certificate as to whether we are in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of the Senior Indenture. We also are required to deliver written notice to the indenture trustee promptly after any of our officers has knowledge of the occurrence of any event that with the giving of notice or the lapse of time or both would constitute under the Senior Indenture the type of Event of Default described in clause (c) of the third paragraph above (Senior Indenture, Section 1204).

Subordinated Debt Securities

The Subordinated Debt Securities will be our direct, unsecured obligations. Our obligations pursuant to the Subordinated Debt Securities will be subordinate in right of payment to all Senior Indebtedness as defined below under “—Subordination.”

The maturity of the Subordinated Debt Securities will be subject to acceleration only in the event of certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency involving us or the receivership of HSBC Bank. See “—Events of Default; Defaults” below.

Subordination

Our obligation to make any payment on account of the principal of or premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the Subordinated Debt Securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to our obligations to the holders of our Senior Indebtedness to the extent described herein.

“Senior Indebtedness” is defined in the Subordinated Indenture to mean our “Indebtedness for Money Borrowed,” whether outstanding on the date of the Subordinated Indenture or thereafter created, assumed or incurred, except “Indebtedness Ranking on a Parity with the Debt Securities” or “Indebtedness Ranking Junior to the Debt Securities” and any deferrals, renewals or extensions of the Senior Indebtedness (Subordinated Indenture, Section 101). As of December 31, 2020, our Senior Indebtedness, as defined in the Subordinated Indenture, was approximately $18.098 billion.

“Indebtedness for Money Borrowed” is defined in the Subordinated Indenture as:

“Indebtedness Ranking on a Parity with the Debt Securities” is defined in the Subordinated Indenture to mean our Indebtedness for Money Borrowed, whether outstanding on the date of execution of the Subordinated Indenture or thereafter created, assumed or incurred, which specifically by its terms ranks equally with and not prior to the Subordinated Debt Securities in the right of payment upon the happening of any event of the kind specified in the first sentence of the next paragraph (Subordinated Indenture, Section 101). As of December 31, 2020, Indebtedness Ranking on a Parity with the Debt Securities, as defined in the Subordinated Indenture, was approximately $1.272 billion.

“Indebtedness Ranking Junior to the Debt Securities” is defined in the Subordinated Indenture to mean any of our Indebtedness for Money Borrowed, whether outstanding on the date of execution of the Subordinated Indenture or thereafter created, assumed or incurred, which specifically by its terms ranks junior to and not equally with or prior to the Subordinated Debt Securities (and any other Indebtedness Ranking on a Parity with the Subordinated Debt Securities) in right of payment upon the happening of any event of the kind specified in the first sentence of the next paragraph (Subordinated Indenture, Section 101). As of December 31, 2020, there was no Indebtedness Ranking Junior to the Debt Securities, as defined in the Subordinated Indenture.

In the case of any bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership, conservatorship, reorganization, readjustment of debt, marshaling of assets and liabilities or similar proceedings or any liquidation or dissolution or winding up involving us, whether voluntary or involuntary, all of our obligations to holders of our Senior Indebtedness will be entitled to be paid in full before any payment can be made on account of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the Subordinated Debt Securities of any series. In the event and during the continuation of any default in the payment of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest, if any, on, any Senior Indebtedness beyond any applicable grace period, or in the event that any event of default with respect to any Senior Indebtedness has occurred and is continuing, or would occur as a result of certain payments, permitting the holders of the relevant Senior Indebtedness (or a trustee on behalf of the holders thereof) to accelerate its maturity, then, unless and until we cure the default or event of default or the default or event of default is waived or ceases to exist, we will not make any payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the Subordinated Debt Securities, or in respect of any redemption, exchange, retirement, purchase or other acquisition of any of the Subordinated Debt Securities (Subordinated Indenture, Sections 1501, 1503).

As of December 31, 2020, our Subordinated Debt Securities totaled approximately $1.272 billion.

Any Prospectus Supplement relating to an issuance of Subordinated Debt Securities will set forth (as of the most recent practicable date) the aggregate amount of outstanding Senior Indebtedness and any limitation on the issuance of additional Senior Indebtedness.

Holders of Subordinated Debt Securities, by their acceptance of the Subordinated Debt Securities, will be deemed to have irrevocably waived any rights they may have to counterclaim or set off amounts they owe to us against amounts owed to them by us under the Subordinated Indenture or to institute proceedings in respect of these amounts (Subordinated Indenture, Section 1501).

By reason of the above subordination in favor of the holders of our Senior Indebtedness, in the event of our bankruptcy or insolvency, holders of our Senior Indebtedness may receive more, ratably, and holders of the Subordinated Debt Securities having a claim pursuant to the Subordinated Debt Securities may receive less, ratably, than our other creditors.

Events of Default; Defaults

The only Events of Default under the Subordinated Indenture with respect to Subordinated Debt Securities of any series will be certain events in bankruptcy or insolvency involving us or the receivership of HSBC Bank (Subordinated Indenture, Section 501).

If an Event of Default with respect to Subordinated Debt Securities of any series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing, the indenture trustee or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Subordinated Debt Securities of that series may declare the principal amount of (or, if any of the Subordinated Debt Securities of that series are discount securities or indexed securities, the portion of the principal amount of the Subordinated Debt Securities as may be specified in the terms thereof) and all accrued but unpaid interest on all the Subordinated Debt Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, by a written notice to us (and to the indenture trustee, if given by holders), and upon such a declaration the principal amount (or specified amount) and interest of that series shall become immediately due and payable (Subordinated Indenture, Section 502).

The foregoing provision would, in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency involving us, be subject as to enforcement to the broad equity powers of a federal bankruptcy court and to the determination by that court of the nature and status of the payment claims of the holders of the Subordinated Debt Securities. At any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to the Subordinated Debt Securities of any series has been made, but before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained, the holders of a majority in principal amount of outstanding Subordinated Debt Securities of that series may, under certain circumstances, rescind and annul the acceleration but only if all Defaults have been remedied, or, if permitted, waived, and if certain other conditions have been satisfied (Subordinated Indenture, Sections 502, 513).

The following events will be Defaults under the Subordinated Indenture with respect to Subordinated Debt Securities of any series:

If we do not pay any installment of interest on the Subordinated Debt Securities of any series on the applicable interest payment date or all or any part of principal thereof at the stated maturity with respect to the principal, the obligation to pay on the applicable interest payment date or stated maturity, as the case may be, shall be deferred until (i) in the case of a payment of interest, the date upon which a dividend is paid on any class of our share capital and (ii) in the case of a payment of principal, the first business day after the date that falls six months after the original stated maturity with respect to the principal. Failure by us to make such payment prior to the deferred interest payment date or stated maturity shall not constitute a default by us or otherwise allow any holder to sue us for payment or to take any other action. Each payment so deferred will accrue interest at the rate per annum shown on the front cover of the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Any payment so deferred shall not be treated as due for any purpose (including, without limitation, for the purposes of ascertaining whether or not a Default has occurred) until the deferred interest payment date or stated maturity, as the case may be. We may only defer any payment of interest or principal with respect to any issuance of Subordinated Debt Securities once (Subordinated Indenture, Section 503).

The maturity of the Subordinated Debt Securities will be subject to acceleration only in the event of certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency involving us or the receivership of HSBC Bank. There will be no right of acceleration of the payment of principal of the Subordinated Debt Securities of any series upon a default in the payment of principal of or premium, if any, or interest, if any, or a default in the performance of any covenant or agreement in the Subordinated Debt Securities or the Subordinated Indenture or any Default other than an Event of Default. If a Default with respect to the Subordinated Debt Securities of any series occurs and is continuing, the indenture trustee may, subject to certain limitations and conditions, seek to enforce its rights and the rights of the holders of Subordinated Debt Securities of that series or the performance of any covenant or agreement in the Subordinated Indenture.

The Subordinated Indenture provides that, subject to the duty of the indenture trustee upon the occurrence of a Default to act with the required standard of care, the indenture trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the Subordinated Indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of Subordinated Debt Securities of any series unless the same holders shall have offered to the indenture trustee reasonable indemnity or security against the costs, expenses and liabilities which may be incurred. (Subordinated Indenture, Sections 601, 603). Subject to certain provisions, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Subordinated Debt Securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method, and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the indenture trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the indenture trustee, with respect to the Subordinated Debt Securities of that series (Subordinated Indenture, Section 512).

We are required to furnish to the indenture trustee annually an officers’ certificate as to the performance and observance by us of certain of the terms, provisions and conditions under the Subordinated Indenture and as to the absence of default (Subordinated Indenture, Section 1204).

Redemption

No redemption, defeasance or early repayment of amounts owed under the Subordinated Debt Securities, including purchases of capital notes by us or our subsidiaries or at the option of holders of Subordinated Debt Securities, may be made without the prior written consent of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Prudential Regulation Authority if required at such time (Subordinated Indenture, Section 1302). This consent by the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Federal Reserve Board will depend on the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Federal Reserve Board being satisfied that our capital is adequate and is likely to remain adequate. Ordinarily, the Federal Reserve Board would permit such a redemption if the Subordinated Debt Securities were redeemed with the proceeds of a sale of, or replaced with a like amount of, a similar or higher quality capital instrument and the bank holding company’s capital position is considered fully adequate.

Replacement Debt Securities

Unless otherwise provided for in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, if a Debt Security of any series is mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen, it may be replaced at the corporate trust office of the indenture trustee in the City and State of New York upon payment by the holder of expenses that we and the indenture trustee may incur in connection therewith and the furnishing of evidence and indemnity as we and the indenture trustee may require. Mutilated Debt Securities must be surrendered before new Debt Securities will be issued (Section 306).

Notices

Unless otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, any notice required to be given to a holder of a Debt Security of any series that is a registered security will be mailed to the last address of the holder set forth in the applicable security register, and any notice so mailed shall be deemed to have been received by the holder, whether or not the holder actually receives the notice (Section 105).

Governing Law

The Debt Securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK

The following description of the terms of the shares of preferred stock that we may offer sets forth certain general terms and provisions of the preferred stock to which any Prospectus Supplement may relate. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will specify certain other terms of any series of preferred stock and the terms of any related option, put or right of ours to require the holder of any other security to also acquire shares of preferred stock. If so specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the terms of any series of preferred stock may differ from the terms set forth below. The description of the terms of the preferred stock set forth below and in any Prospectus Supplement does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our charter, including the articles supplementary relating to the applicable series of preferred stock.

General

Our charter authorizes the issuance of 190,999,000 shares of capital stock, of which 40,999,000 shares are preferred stock, without par value, and 150,000,000 shares are common stock, par value $5.00 per share. Under our charter, our board of directors has the authority, without further stockholder action, to issue up to 40,999,000 shares of preferred stock without par value in one or more series and for a consideration that may be fixed from time to time by our board of directors. Each series of preferred stock will have the designations or titles; dividend rates; special or relative rights in the event of liquidation, distribution or sale of assets or dissolution or winding up involving us; any redemption or purchase account provisions; any conversion provisions; and any voting rights thereof, as are set forth in the articles supplementary for each of these series. The shares of any series of preferred stock will be, when issued, fully paid and non-assessable and holders thereof will have no preemptive rights in connection therewith. As of December 31, 2020, of the 40,999,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, 1,265 shares of 6.0% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series I (the “Series I Preferred Stock”) were issued and outstanding. As of December 31, 2020, 714 shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding. All outstanding shares of common stock and preferred stock are fully paid and non-assessable. As of December 31, 2020, we have 40,997,735 shares available for issuance as preferred stock.

The liquidation preference of any series of preferred stock is not necessarily indicative of the price at which shares of that series of preferred stock will actually trade at or after the time of their issuance. The market price of any series of preferred stock can be expected to fluctuate with changes in market and economic conditions, our financial condition and prospects and other factors that generally influence the market prices of securities.

Rank

Any series of the preferred stock will, with respect to dividend rights and rights on liquidation, winding up and dissolution, rank:

Dividends

Holders of each series of preferred stock will be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by our board of directors, out of funds legally available, cash dividends or preferred stock dividends (of the same or a different series) at the rates and on the dates set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Dividends will be payable to holders of record of the preferred stock as they appear on our books on the record dates to be fixed by our board of directors. Dividends on any series of preferred stock may be cumulative or non-cumulative.

We may not declare or pay full dividends or set apart funds for the payment of dividends on any Parity Securities unless we have already paid or set apart dividends for the payment on the preferred stock. If we have not paid full dividends on the preferred stock, the preferred stock will share in dividends pro rata with the Parity Securities. If dividends are cumulative, any accumulated unpaid dividends will not bear interest.

Redemption

A series of preferred stock may be redeemable at any time, in whole or in part, at our option or the option of the holder thereof upon terms and at the redemption prices set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

In the event of partial redemptions of preferred stock, whether by mandatory or optional redemption, the shares to be redeemed will be determined by lot or pro rata, as may be determined by our board of directors or by any other method determined to be equitable by our board of directors.

On and after a redemption date, unless we default in the payment of the redemption price, dividends will cease to accrue on shares of preferred stock called for redemption and all rights of holders of these shares will terminate except for the right to receive the redemption price. If we redeem fewer than all the shares represented by a share certificate, then we will issue a new certificate representing the unredeemed shares without cost to the certificate holder.

Under current regulations, bank holding companies may not redeem shares of preferred stock that constitute Tier 1 capital for purposes of the Federal Reserve Board’s risk-based capital requirements without the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board. Ordinarily, the Federal Reserve Board would permit such a redemption if (1) the shares are redeemed with the proceeds of a sale by the bank holding company of, or replaced by a like amount of, common stock or perpetual preferred stock and the bank holding company’s capital position is considered fully adequate or (2) the Federal Reserve Board determines that the bank holding company’s capital position after the redemption would clearly be adequate and that the bank holding company’s condition and circumstances warrant the reduction of a source of permanent capital.

Liquidation Preference

Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of HSBC USA, holders of each series of preferred stock that ranks senior to the Junior Securities will be entitled to receive out of the assets available for distribution to stockholders, before any distribution is made on any Junior Securities, distributions upon liquidation in the amount set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, plus an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid dividends. If upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of HSBC USA, the amounts payable with respect to the preferred stock of any series and any other Parity Securities are not paid in full, the holders of the preferred stock of the series and any Parity Securities will share ratably in the distribution of the assets available for distribution in proportion to the full liquidation preferences to which

each is entitled. After payment of the full amount of the liquidation preference to which they are entitled, the holders of the series of preferred stock will not be entitled to any further participation in any distribution of HSBC USA’s assets. However, neither (i) the merger or consolidation of HSBC USA with or into one or more corporations pursuant to any statute that provides, in effect, that our stockholders will continue as stockholders of the continuing or combined corporation nor (ii) HSBC USA’s acquisition of assets or stock of another corporation will be deemed to be a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of HSBC USA.

Voting Rights

Except as indicated below or in the applicable Prospectus Supplement or as expressly required by applicable law, the holders of the preferred stock will have no voting rights.

Under regulations adopted by the Federal Reserve Board, if the holders of shares of any series of the preferred stock became entitled to vote for the election of directors, the series may then be deemed a “class of voting securities” and a holder of 25% or more of the series (or a holder of 5% or more if it otherwise exercises a “controlling influence” over us) may then be subject to regulation as a bank holding company in accordance with the BHCA. In addition, at the time the series is deemed a class of voting securities, (i) any other bank holding company may be required to obtain the approval of the Federal Reserve Board to acquire or retain 5% or more of the series, and (ii) any person other than a bank holding company may be required to obtain the approval of the Federal Reserve Board under the Change in Bank Control Act to acquire or retain 10% or more of the series.

Outstanding Preferred Stock

6.0% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series I. In May 2016, we issued 1,265 shares of 6.0% Non-Cumulative Series I Preferred Stock to HSBC North America, without par value (“Series I Preferred Stock”). Holders of shares of the Series I Preferred Stock, in preference to the holders of shares of the HSBC USA’s common stock, par value $5.00 per share, and to any other capital stock of HSBC USA ranking junior to the Series I Preferred Stock as to payment of dividends, are entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the HSBC USA Board, their proportional interest in non-cumulative semi-annual cash dividends at an annual rate equal to 6.0%. All dividends on the Series I Preferred Stock have been paid to date. In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of HSBC USA, whether voluntary or involuntary, holders of the Series I Preferred Stock are entitled to receive their proportional interest in $1,000,000 per share of Series I Preferred Stock, plus an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid dividends for the then-current dividend period. The Series I Preferred Stock is redeemable, at the option of HSBC USA, in whole or in part, on or after May 31, 2021, but, only out of funds legally available therefor, by paying therefor in cash $1,000,000 per share plus an amount equal to any declared and unpaid dividends thereon, without accumulation of any undeclared dividends, to the date of redemption, but only after receipt of written approval from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for such redemption, and only to the extent HSBC USA may lawfully do so.

Depositary Shares

General. We may, at our option, elect to issue fractional shares of preferred stock, rather than full shares of preferred stock. In the event such option is exercised, we may elect to have a depositary issue receipts for depositary shares, each receipt representing a fraction, to be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, of a share of a particular series of preferred stock, as described below.

The shares of any series of preferred stock represented by depositary shares will be deposited under a deposit agreement between us and a bank or trust company that we select, as depositary. The depositary must have its principal office in the United States and have a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000.

Subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary share will be entitled, in proportion to the applicable fraction of a share of Preferred Shares represented by such depositary share, to all the rights and preferences of the preferred stock represented by the depositary share, including dividend, voting, redemption and liquidation rights.

The depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued pursuant to the deposit agreement. Depositary receipts will be distributed to those persons purchasing the fractional shares of Preferred Shares in accordance with the terms of an offering of the preferred stock. Copies of the forms of deposit agreement and depositary receipt are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and the following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to such exhibits.

Pending the preparation of definitive engraved depositary receipts, the depositary may, upon our written order, issue temporary depositary receipts substantially identical to, and with all the same rights of, the definitive depositary receipts but not in definitive form. Definitive depositary receipts will be prepared without unreasonable delay, and temporary depositary receipts will be exchangeable for definitive depositary receipts at our expense.

Upon surrender of depositary receipts at the office of the depositary and upon payment of the charges provided in the deposit agreement, a holder of depositary receipts may have the depositary deliver to the holder the whole shares of preferred stock relating to the surrendered depositary receipts. Holders of depositary shares may receive whole shares of the related series of preferred stock on the basis set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement for such series of preferred stock, but holders of such whole shares will not after the exchange be entitled to receive depositary shares for their whole shares. If the depositary receipts delivered by the holder evidence a number of depositary shares in excess of the number of depositary shares representing the number of whole shares of the related series of preferred stock to be withdrawn, the depositary will deliver to the holder at the same time a new depositary receipt evidencing such excess number of depositary shares.

Dividends and Other Distributions. The depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received for the preferred stock to the record holders of depositary shares relating to the preferred stock in proportion to the numbers of such depositary shares owned by such holders.

In the event of a distribution other than in cash, the depositary will distribute property received by it to the record holders of depositary shares entitled thereto, unless the depositary determines that it is not feasible to make distribution of the property. In that case the depositary may, with our approval, sell such property and distribute the net proceeds from the sale to such holders.

Redemption of Depositary Shares. If a series of preferred stock represented by depositary shares is subject to redemption, the depositary shares will be redeemed from the proceeds received by the depositary resulting from the redemption, in whole or in part, of the series of preferred stock held by the depositary. The redemption price per depositary share will be equal to the applicable fraction of the redemption price per share payable with respect to the series of the preferred stock. Whenever we redeem shares of preferred stock held by the depositary, the depositary will redeem as of the same redemption date the number of depositary shares representing shares of preferred stock redeemed by us. If less than all the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected by lot or pro rata as may be determined by the depositary.

Voting the Preferred Stock. Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of the preferred stock are entitled to vote, the depositary will mail the information contained in such notice of meeting to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to such preferred stock. Each record holder of such depositary shares on the record date, which will be the same date as the record date for the related preferred stock, will be entitled to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights pertaining to the amount of the preferred stock represented by such holder’s depositary shares. The depositary will endeavor, insofar as practicable, to vote the amount of the preferred stock represented by such depositary shares in accordance with such instructions, and we will agree to take all action that may be deemed necessary by the depositary in order to enable the depositary to do so. The depositary will not vote the preferred stock to the extent it does not receive specific instructions from the holders of depositary shares representing such preferred stock.

Amendment and Termination of the Deposit Agreement. We and the depositary at any time may amend the form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the deposit agreement. However, any amendment which materially and adversely alters the rights of the holders of depositary shares will not be effective unless such amendment has been approved by the holders of at least a majority of the depositary shares then outstanding. We or the depositary may terminate the deposit agreement only if all outstanding depositary shares have been redeemed, or there has been a final distribution in respect of the preferred stock in connection with any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of HSBC USA and such distribution has been distributed to the holders of depositary receipts.

Charges of Depositary. We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the existence of the depositary arrangements. We will pay charges of the depositary in connection with the initial deposit of the preferred stock and any redemption of the preferred stock. Holders of depositary receipts will pay other transfer and other taxes and governmental charges and such other charges as are expressly provided in the deposit agreement to be for their accounts.

Reports. The depositary will forward to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to such preferred stock all reports and communications from us that are delivered to the depositary.

Limitations on Liability. Neither we nor the depositary will be liable if either one is prevented or delayed by law or any circumstance beyond their control in performing the obligations under the deposit agreement. The obligations of HSBC USA and the depositary under the deposit agreement will be limited to performance in good faith of their duties thereunder, and they will not be obligated to prosecute or defend any legal proceeding in respect of any depositary shares or preferred stock unless satisfactory indemnity is furnished. The depositary may rely upon written advice of counsel or accountants, or information provided by persons presenting preferred stock for deposit, holders of depositary receipts or other persons believed to be competent and on documents believed to be genuine.

In the event the depositary receives conflicting claims, requests or instructions from any holders of depositary receipts, on the one hand, and HSBC USA, on the other hand, the depositary will be entitled to act on such claims, requests or instructions received from HSBC USA.

Resignation and Removal of Depositary. The depositary may resign at any time by delivering to us notice of its election to do so, and we may at any time remove the depositary, any such resignation or removal to take effect upon the appointment of a successor depositary and its acceptance of such appointment. Such successor depositary must be appointed within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal and must be a bank or trust company having its principal office in the United States and having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000.

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

HSBC USA may offer, from time to time, one or more series of warrants (“Warrants”). The following description of the Warrants sets forth certain general terms and provisions of the Warrants to which any Prospectus Supplement may relate. The particular terms of the Warrants offered by any Prospectus Supplement and the extent, if any, to which these general provisions may apply to such Warrants will be described in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such Warrants. In addition, we may issue a debt warrant separately or as part of a unit, as described below in “DESCRIPTION OF UNITS.”

General

HSBC USA may issue Warrants that are debt warrants, index warrants, interest rate warrants or universal warrants as described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Warrants may be offered independently of or together with one or more additional Warrants, any series of Debt Securities, preferred stock, purchase contracts or other securities or any combination thereof issued by HSBC USA or an entity affiliated or not affiliated with HSBC USA, as described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

Each series of Warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between HSBC USA and one or more banks or trust companies, as warrant agent, as set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement and, if part of a unit, may be issued under a unit agreement as described below under “Description of Units.” The warrant agent will act solely as the agent of HSBC USA under the applicable warrant agreement and in connection with the certificates for any series of Warrants, and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders of those warrant certificates of beneficial owners of those Warrants. HSBC USA may add, replace or terminate warrant agents from time to time. HSBC USA may also act as its own warrant agent.

The following briefly summarizes the material provisions of the warrant agreement and the Warrants, other than pricing and related terms disclosed in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. You should read the more detailed provisions of the applicable warrant agreement, including the defined terms, for provisions that may be important to you. You should also read the particular terms of a series of Warrants, which will be described in more detail in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

General Terms of Warrants

The applicable Prospectus Supplement may contain, where applicable, the following additional information relating to the Warrants:

Debt Warrants

HSBC USA may issue, together with Debt Securities or separately, debt warrants for the purchase of Debt Securities on terms to be determined at time of sale.

Additional Terms of Debt Warrants. The applicable Prospectus Supplement may contain, where applicable, the following additional information relating to any debt warrants:

Index Warrants

HSBC USA may issue index warrants entitling the holders thereof to receive from HSBC USA, upon exercise, an amount in cash determined by reference to any index, formula or any other method (including a method based on changes in the prices or performance of particular securities, currencies, intangibles, goods, articles, or commodities, or any other financial, economic or other measure or instrument, including the occurrence or non-occurrence of any event or circumstance), or a combination thereof.

Interest Rate Warrants

HSBC USA may issue interest rate warrants entitling the holders thereof to receive from HSBC USA, upon exercise, an amount determined by reference to specified rate or rates, which may be fixed or floating, or the method by which the specified rate or rates will be determined, or any combination thereof.

Additional Terms of Index and Interest Rate Warrants

The applicable Prospectus Supplement may contain, where applicable, the following additional information relating to any index and interest rate warrants:

Universal Warrants

HSBC USA may also issue universal warrants:

The property referred to in the above clauses constitutes the warrant property. HSBC USA may satisfy its obligations, if any, with respect to any universal warrants by delivering the warrant property, cash or in the case of Warrants to purchase or sell securities or commodities, the cash value of the securities or commodities, as described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

Additional Terms of Universal Warrants. The applicable Prospectus Supplement may contain, where applicable, the following additional information relating to any universal warrants:

Exercise, Exchange and Transfer of Warrants

Holders may exercise their Warrants at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent (or any other office indicated in the Prospectus Supplement relating to those Warrants) up to 5:00 p.m., New York time, on the date stated in the Prospectus Supplement relating to those Warrants or as may be otherwise stated in the Prospectus Supplement. If a holder does not exercise the Warrants before the time on that date (or such later date that we may set), the holder’s unexercised Warrants will become void.

Warrants will be deemed to have been exercised upon receipt of the warrant certificate and any payment, if applicable, at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement and HSBC USA will, as soon as practicable after such receipt and payment, issue and deliver the warrant property or pay the settlement value in respect of the Warrants.

If fewer than all of the Warrants represented by such warrant certificate are exercised, a new warrant certificate will be issued for the remaining amount of the Warrants. Special provisions relating to the exercise of any bearer warrants or automatic exercise of Warrants will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

Before you exercise your Warrants, you will not have any of the rights of (1) holders of the debt securities purchasable upon such exercise, including the right to receive payments of principal and premium, if any, or interest, if any, on those debt securities, or to enforce any of the covenants or rights in the relevant indenture or any other agreement or (2) holders of preferred stock or other securities purchasable upon such exercise, including the right to receive payments of dividends, if any, on such preferred stock or other securities or to exercise any applicable right to vote.

You may exchange registered Warrants of any series for registered Warrants of the same series representing in total the number of Warrants that you have surrendered for exchange. To the extent permitted, you may exchange warrant certificates and transfer registered Warrants at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent for that series of Warrants (or any other office indicated in the Prospectus Supplement relating to that series of Warrants).

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, Warrants will be issued in book-entry only form, and will be represented by a single global warrant certificate, registered in the name of the nominee of the depository of the Warrants.

Bearer warrants will be transferable by delivery. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe the terms of exchange applicable to any bearer warrants.

DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS

HSBC USA may offer, from time to time, one or more series of purchase contracts (“Purchase Contracts”). The particular terms of the Purchase Contracts offered by any Prospectus Supplement and the extent, if any, to which these general provisions may apply to such Purchase Contracts will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. In addition, we may issue a Purchase Contract separately or as part of a unit as described below in “DESCRIPTION OF UNITS.”

General

The following briefly summarizes the material provisions of the Purchase Contracts, other than pricing and related terms disclosed in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. You should read the more detailed provisions of the applicable Purchase Contracts, including the defined terms, for provisions that may be important to you. You should also read the particular terms of a series of Purchase Contracts, which will be described in more detail in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

Purchase Contract Property

HSBC USA may offer Purchase Contracts for the purchase or sale of, or whose cash value is determined in whole or in part by reference to the performance, level or value of, one or more of the following:

Each instrument, measure or event described above is referred to as a “Purchase Contract Property.”

Each Purchase Contract will obligate the holder to purchase or sell, and obligate HSBC USA to sell or purchase, on specified dates, one or more Purchase Contract Properties at a specified price or prices, or the holder or HSBC USA to settle the Purchase Contract with a cash payment determined by reference to the value, performance or level of one or more Purchase Contract Properties, on specified dates and at a specified price or prices.

Some Purchase Contracts may include multiple obligations to purchase or sell different Purchase Contract Properties, and both HSBC USA and the holder may be sellers or buyers under the same Purchase Contract.

Types of Purchase Contracts We May Issue

HSBC USA may issue Purchase Contracts in such amounts and in as many distinct series as HSBC USA wishes. HSBC USA may also “reopen” a previously issued series of Purchase Contracts and issue additional Purchase Contracts of that series. In addition, HSBC USA may issue a Purchase Contract separately or as part of a unit, as described below under “DESCRIPTION OF UNITS.”

General Terms of Purchase Contracts

The applicable Prospectus Supplement may contain, where applicable, the following information about your Purchase Contract:

If HSBC USA issues a Purchase Contract as part of a unit, the applicable Prospectus Supplement will state whether the Purchase Contract will be separable from the other securities in the unit before the contract settlement date. A Purchase Contract issued in a unit in the United States may not be separated before the 91st day after the unit is issued.

Prepaid Purchase Contracts

Some Purchase Contracts may require the holders to satisfy their obligations under the Purchase Contracts at the time the Purchase Contracts are issued. These Purchase Contracts are referred to as “Prepaid Purchase Contracts.” In certain circumstances, HSBC USA’s obligation to settle Prepaid Purchase Contracts on the relevant settlement date may be Senior Debt Securities or Subordinated Debt Securities, which are described above under “DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES.” Prepaid Purchase Contracts may be issued under the applicable Indenture, as specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

Non-Prepaid Purchase Contracts

Some Purchase Contracts do not require the holders to satisfy their obligations under the Purchase Contracts until settlement. These Purchase Contracts are referred to as “Non-Prepaid Purchase Contracts.” The holder of a Non-Prepaid Purchase Contract may remain obligated to perform under the Purchase Contract for a substantial period of time.

Non-Prepaid Purchase Contracts may be issued under a unit agreement, if they are issued in units, as described under “DESCRIPTION OF UNITS,” or under some other document, if they are not. The particular governing document that applies to your Non-Prepaid Purchase Contracts will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

Non-Prepaid Purchase Contracts will not be Senior Debt Securities or Subordinated Debt Securities and will not be issued under one of the Indentures, unless otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Consequently, no governing documents for Non-Prepaid Purchase Contracts will be qualified as Indentures, and no third party will be required to qualify as a trustee with regard to those Purchase Contracts, under the Trust Indenture Act. Holders of Non-Prepaid Purchase Contracts will not have the protection of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to those Purchase Contracts.

Pledge by Holders to Secure Performance. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe the holder’s obligations under the Purchase Contract and the governing documents that may be secured by collateral. In that case, the holder, acting through the unit agent as its attorney-in-fact, if applicable, will pledge the items described below to a collateral agent named in the Prospectus Supplement, which will hold them, for the benefit of HSBC USA, as collateral to secure the holder’s obligations. This is referred to as the “Pledge.” The Pledge will create a security interest in and a lien upon and right of set-off against the holder’s entire interest in and to the unit (if the Purchase Contract is part of a unit):

The collateral agent will forward all payments from the Pledged Items to HSBC USA, unless the payments have been released from the Pledge in accordance with the Purchase Contract and the governing document. HSBC USA will use the payments from the Pledged Items to satisfy the holder’s obligations under the Purchase Contract.

Form

HSBC USA will issue each Purchase Contract in global (book-entry) form only, unless otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Purchase Contracts in book-entry form will be represented by a global security registered in the name of a depositary, which will be the holder of all the Purchase Contracts represented by the global security. Those who own beneficial interests in a Purchase Contract will do so through participants in the depositary’s system, and the rights of these indirect owners will be governed solely by the applicable procedures of the depositary and its participants, as described under “BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES.”

DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

General

HSBC USA may issue, from time to time, units comprised of any combination of one or more debt securities, preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants and purchase contracts. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Accordingly, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.

The applicable Prospectus Supplement may describe the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units issued by HSBC USA, securities of an entity affiliated or not affiliated with HSBC USA or other property constituting the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately; any provisions of the governing unit agreement that differ from those described below; any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units; and any applicable U.S. federal income tax consequences.

The applicable provisions described in this section, as well as those described under “DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES,” “DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK,” “DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS” and “DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS” will apply to each unit and to any Debt Security, preferred stock, depositary shares, warrant or purchase contract issued by us included in each unit, respectively.

Series of Units We May Issue

HSBC USA may issue units in such amounts and in as many distinct series as HSBC USA wishes. HSBC USA may also “reopen” a previously issued series of units and issue additional units of that series. This section summarizes terms of the units that apply generally to all series.

General Terms of a Unit Agreement

The following provisions will generally apply to all unit agreements unless otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

Enforcement of Rights. The unit agent under a unit agreement will act solely as the agent of HSBC USA in connection with the units issued under that agreement. The unit agent will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders of those units or of the securities comprising those units. The unit agent will not be obligated to take any action on behalf of those holders to enforce or protect their rights under the units or the included securities.

Except as described in the next paragraph, a holder of a unit may, without the consent of the unit agent or any other holder, enforce its rights as holder under any security included in the unit, in accordance with the terms of that security and the indenture, warrant agreement or unit agreement under which that security is issued. Those terms are described elsewhere in this prospectus under the sections relating to Debt Securities, Warrants and Purchase Contracts.

Limitations affecting the ability of a holder of units issued under that agreement to enforce its rights, including any right to bring a legal action, will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

Modification Without Consent of Holders. HSBC USA and the applicable unit agent may amend or supplement any unit or unit agreement without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity; to correct or supplement any defective or inconsistent provision; or to make any other change that HSBC USA believes is necessary or desirable and will not adversely affect the interests of the affected holders in any material respect.

HSBC USA does not need any approval to make changes that affect only units to be issued after the changes take effect. HSBC USA may also make changes that do not adversely affect a particular unit in any material respect, even if they adversely affect other units in a material respect. In those cases, HSBC USA does not need to obtain the approval of the holder of the unaffected unit; HSBC USA needs only obtain any required approvals from the holders of the affected units.

The foregoing applies also to any security issued under a unit agreement, as the governing document.

Modification With Consent of Holders. HSBC USA may not amend any particular unit or a unit agreement with respect to any particular unit without the consent of the holder of that unit, if the amendment would:

Any other change to a particular unit agreement and the units issued under that agreement would require the following approval:

These provisions regarding changes with majority approval also apply to changes affecting any securities issued under a unit agreement, as the governing document. In each case, the required approval must be given by written consent.

Unit Agreements Will Not Be Qualified Under Trust Indenture Act. No unit agreement will be qualified as an Indenture, and no unit agent will be required to qualify as a trustee, under the Trust Indenture Act. Therefore, holders of units issued under unit agreements will not have the protections of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to their units.

Mergers and Similar Transactions Permitted; No Restrictive Covenants or Events of Default

The unit agreements will not restrict the ability of HSBC USA to merge or consolidate with, or sell its assets to, another corporation or other entity or to engage in any other transactions. If at any time HSBC USA merges or consolidates with, or sells its assets substantially as an entirety to, another corporation or other entity, the successor entity will succeed to and assume our obligations under the unit agreements. HSBC USA will then be relieved of any further obligation under these agreements.

The unit agreements will not include any restrictions on the ability of HSBC USA to put liens on its assets, including interests in its subsidiaries, nor will they restrict the ability of HSBC USA to sell its assets. The unit agreements also will not provide for any events of default or remedies upon the occurrence of any events of default.

Form, Exchange and Transfer

HSBC USA will issue each unit in global (book-entry) form only. Only the depositary will be entitled to transfer or exchange a unit in global form, since it will be the sole holder of the unit. Units in book-entry form will be represented by a global security registered in the name of a depositary, which will be the holder of all the units represented by the global security. Those who own beneficial interests in a unit will do so through participants in the depositary’s system, and the rights of these indirect owners will be governed solely by the applicable procedures of the depositary and its participants, as described under “BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES.”

In addition, HSBC USA will issue each unit in registered form, unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES

General

Unless otherwise indicated in the Prospectus Supplement with respect to any series of securities, upon issuance, all securities will be represented by one or more global securities (the “Global Security”), which shall be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company (“DTC” or the “Depositary”) and registered in the name of Cede & Co. (the Depositary’s partnership nominee). Unless and until exchanged in whole or in part for securities in definitive form, no Global Security may be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary to a nominee of such Depositary or by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by such Depositary or any such nominee to a successor of such Depositary or a nominee of such successor.

A Global Security may represent one or any other number of individual securities. Generally, all securities represented by the same Global Security will have the same terms. We may, however, issue a Global Security that represents multiple securities of the same kind, such as debt securities, that have different terms and are issued at different times. We call this kind of Global Security a Master Global Security, or Master Global Note, as applicable. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will indicate whether any series of securities are represented by a Master Global Security.

The Prospectus Supplement with respect to any securities will state whether investors may elect to hold interests in Global Securities directly through either the Depositary (in the United States) or Clearstream Banking, société anonyme (“Clearstream Luxembourg”), or Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., as operator of the Euroclear System (“Euroclear”), if they are participants in such systems, or indirectly through organizations that are participants in such systems. Clearstream Luxembourg and Euroclear will hold interests on behalf of their participants through customers’ securities accounts in Clearstream Luxembourg’s and Euroclear’s names on the books of their respective depositaries, which in turn will hold such interests in customers’ securities accounts in the depositaries’ names on the books of the Depositary. Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, Citibank, N.A. will act as depositary for Clearstream Luxembourg and The Bank of New York Mellon will act as depositary for Euroclear (in such capacities, the “U.S. Depositaries”).

So long as the Depositary, or its nominee, is a registered owner of a Global Security, the Depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of securities represented by such Global Security for all purposes under the Indenture or other governing documents. Except as provided below, the actual owners of securities represented by a Global Security (the “Beneficial Owner”) will not be entitled to have the securities represented by such Global Security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of the securities in definitive form and will not be considered the owners or holders thereof under the applicable Indenture or other governing documents. Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a Global Security must rely on the procedures of the Depositary and, if such person is not a participant of the Depositary (a “Participant”), on the procedures of the Participant through which such person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the applicable Indenture. We understand that under existing industry practices, in the event that HSBC USA requests any action of holders or that an owner of a beneficial interest that a holder is entitled to give or take under an Indenture or other governing documents, the Depositary would authorize the Participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to give or take such action, and such Participants would authorize Beneficial Owners owning through such Participants to give or take such action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of Beneficial Owners. Conveyance of notices and other communications by the Depositary to Participants, by Participants to Indirect Participants, as defined below, and by Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time.

DTC

The following is based on information furnished by DTC:

DTC will act as securities depositary for the securities. The securities will be issued as fully-registered securities registered in the name of Cede & Co. (DTC’s partnership nominee) or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. One fully-registered security certificate will be issued for each issue of the securities, each in the aggregate principal amount of such issue, and will be deposited with DTC. If, however, the aggregate principal amount of any issue exceeds $500 million, one certificate will be issued with respect to each $500 million of principal amount, and an additional certificate will be issued with respect to any remaining principal amount of such issue.

DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law, a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. DTC facilitates the post-trade settlement among DTC’s participants (“Direct Participants”) of sales and other securities transactions in deposited securities, through electronic computerized book-entry changes between Direct Participants’ accounts. This eliminates the need for physical movement of securities certificates. Direct Participants include both U.S. and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations. DTC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (“DTCC”). DTCC is the holding company for DTC, National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, all of which are registered clearing agencies. DTCC is owned by the users of its regulated subsidiaries. Access to DTC’s system is also available to others such as both U.S and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, and clearing corporations that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Direct Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”). The DTC Rules applicable to its Participants are on file with the SEC.

Purchases of securities under the DTC system must be made by or through Direct Participants, which will receive a credit for the securities on DTC’s records. The ownership interest of each actual purchaser of each security (“Beneficial Owner”) is in turn to be recorded on the Direct Participants and Indirect Participants’ records. Beneficial Owners will not receive written confirmation from DTC of their purchase. Beneficial Owners are, however, expected to receive written confirmations providing details of the transaction, as well as periodic statements of their holdings, from the Direct or Indirect Participants through which the Beneficial Owner entered into the transaction. Transfers of ownership interests in the securities are to be accomplished by entries made on the books of Direct and Indirect Participants acting on behalf of Beneficial Owners. Beneficial Owners will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in securities, except in the limited circumstances that may be provided for in the indenture or other governing documents.

To facilitate subsequent transfers, all securities deposited by Direct Participants with DTC are registered in the name of DTC’s partnership nominee, Cede & Co, or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. The deposit of securities with DTC and their registration in the name of Cede & Co. or such other DTC nominee do not effect any change in beneficial ownership. DTC has no knowledge of the actual Beneficial Owners of the securities; DTC’s records reflect only the identity of the Direct Participants to whose accounts such securities are credited, which may or may not be the Beneficial Owners. The Direct and Indirect Participants will remain responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.

Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to Direct Participants, by Direct Participants to Indirect Participants, and by Direct Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time.

Neither DTC nor Cede & Co. (nor any other DTC nominee) will consent or vote with respect to securities unless authorized by a Direct Participant in accordance with DTC’s procedures. Under its usual procedures, DTC mails an Omnibus Proxy to HSBC USA as soon as possible after the applicable record date. The Omnibus Proxy assigns Cede & Co.’s consenting or voting rights to those Direct Participants to whose accounts securities are credited on the record date (identified in a listing attached to the Omnibus Proxy).

Redemption proceeds, distributions, and dividend payments on the securities will be made to Cede & Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. DTC’s practice is to credit Direct Participants’ accounts upon DTC’s receipt of funds and corresponding detail information from HSBC USA or HSBC USA’s agent, on the payable date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on DTC’s records. Payments by Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such Participant and not of DTC, any indenture Trustee, HSBC USA or any agent of HSBC USA, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time. Payment of redemption proceeds, distributions, and dividend payments to Cede & Co. (or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC) is the responsibility of HSBC USA or the HSBC USA’s agent, disbursement of such payments to Direct Participants will be the responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of such payments to the Beneficial Owners shall be the responsibility of Direct and Indirect Participants.

DTC may discontinue providing its services as depositary with respect to the securities at any time by giving reasonable notice to HSBC USA or HSBC USA’s agent. Under such circumstances, in the event that a successor securities depositary is not obtained, security certificates are required to be printed and delivered.

HSBC USA may decide to discontinue use of the system of book-entry transfers through DTC (or a successor securities depositary). In that event, security certificates will be printed and delivered.

Clearstream Luxembourg

Clearstream Luxembourg advises that it is incorporated under the laws of Luxembourg as a professional depositary. Clearstream Luxembourg holds securities for its participating organizations (“Clearstream Participants”) and facilitates the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between Clearstream Participants through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of Clearstream Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates. Clearstream Luxembourg provides to Clearstream Participants, among other things, services for safekeeping, administration, clearance and settlement of internationally traded securities and securities lending and borrowing. Clearstream Luxembourg interfaces with domestic markets in several countries. As a professional depositary, Clearstream Luxembourg is subject to regulation by the Luxembourg Monetary Institute. Clearstream Participants are recognized financial institutions around the world, including underwriters, securities brokers and dealers, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations and may include the Underwriters. Indirect access to Clearstream Luxembourg is also available to others, such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Clearstream Participant either directly or indirectly.

Distributions with respect to securities held beneficially through Clearstream Luxembourg will be credited to cash accounts of Clearstream Participants in accordance with its rules and procedures, to the extent received by the U.S. Depositary for Clearstream Luxembourg.

Euroclear

Euroclear advises that it was created in 1968 to hold securities for its participants (“Euroclear Participants”) and to clear and settle transactions between Euroclear Participants through simultaneous electronic book-entry delivery against payment, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates and any risk from lack of simultaneous transfers of securities and cash. Euroclear includes various other services, including securities lending and borrowing and interfaces with domestic markets in several countries. Euroclear is owned by Euroclear Clearance System Public Limited Company (ECSplc) and operated through a license agreement by Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., a bank incorporated under the laws of the Kingdom of Belgium (the “Euroclear Operator”).

Euroclear Participants include banks (including central banks), securities brokers and dealers and other professional financial intermediaries and may include the underwriters or agents for securities. Indirect access to Euroclear is also available to others that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Euroclear Participant, either directly or indirectly.

The Euroclear Operator is regulated and examined by the Belgian Banking and Finance Commission and the National Bank of Belgium. Securities clearance accounts and cash accounts with the Euroclear Operator are governed by the Terms and Conditions Governing Use of Euroclear and the related Operating Procedures of Euroclear, and applicable Belgian law (collectively, the “Terms and Conditions”). The Terms and Conditions govern transfers of securities and cash within Euroclear, withdrawals of securities and cash from Euroclear, and receipts of payments with respect to securities in Euroclear. All securities in Euroclear are held on a fungible basis without attribution of specific certificates to specific securities clearance accounts. The Euroclear Operator acts under the Terms and Conditions only on behalf of Euroclear Participants, and has no record of or relationship with persons holding through Euroclear Participants.

Distributions with respect to securities held beneficially through Euroclear will be credited to the cash accounts of Euroclear Participants in accordance with the Terms and Conditions, to the extent received by the U.S. Depositary for Euroclear.

Global Clearance and Settlement Procedures

Initial settlement for securities will be made in immediately available funds. Secondary market trading between DTC Participants will occur in the ordinary way in accordance with the Depositary’s rules and will be settled in immediately available funds using the Depositary’s Same-Day Funds Settlement System. If and to the extent the Prospectus Supplement with respect to any securities indicates that investors may elect to hold interests in securities through Clearstream Luxembourg or Euroclear, secondary market trading between Clearstream Participants and/or Euroclear Participants will occur in the ordinary way in accordance with the applicable rules and operating procedures of Clearstream Luxembourg and Euroclear and will be settled using the procedures applicable to conventional eurobonds in immediately available funds.

Cross-market transfers between persons holding directly or indirectly through the Depositary on the one hand, and directly or indirectly through Clearstream or Euroclear Participants, on the other, will be effected in the Depositary in accordance with the Depositary rules on behalf of the relevant European international clearing system by its U.S. Depositary; however, such cross-market transactions will require delivery of instructions to the relevant European international clearing system by the counterparty in such system in accordance with its rules and procedures and within its established deadlines (European time). The relevant European international clearing system will, if the transaction meets its settlement requirements, deliver instructions to its U.S. Depositary to take action to effect final settlement on its behalf by delivering or receiving securities in the Depositary, and making or receiving payment in accordance with normal procedures for same-day funds settlement applicable to the Depositary. Clearstream Participants and Euroclear Participants may not deliver instructions directly to the Depositary.

Because of time-zone differences, credits of securities received in Clearstream Luxembourg or Euroclear as a result of a transaction with a DTC Participant will be made during subsequent securities settlement processing and will be credited the business day following the Depositary settlement date. Such credits or any transactions in securities settled during such processing will be reported to the relevant Euroclear or Clearstream Participants on such business day. Cash received in Clearstream Luxembourg or Euroclear as a result of sales of securities by or through a Clearstream Participant or a Euroclear Participant to a DTC Participant will be received with value on the Depositary settlement date but will be available in the relevant Clearstream Luxembourg or Euroclear cash account only as of the business day following settlement in the Depositary.

Although the Depositary, Clearstream Luxembourg and Euroclear have agreed to the foregoing procedures in order to facilitate transfers of securities among participants of the Depositary, Clearstream Luxembourg and Euroclear, they are under no obligation to perform or continue to perform such procedures and such procedures may be discontinued at any time.

Direct Clearance and Settlement Through Euroclear and Clearstream Luxembourg

Form and Registration/Settlement

From time to time, if so indicated in the Prospectus Supplement with respect to any series of securities, we may register those securities in the name of a nominee of, and deposit with a common depositary for, Euroclear and Clearstream Luxembourg (a “Euroclear/Clearstream Luxembourg Global Security”). Other than as described in the Prospectus Supplement, a Euroclear/Clearstream Luxembourg Global Security will not be exchangeable for securities in definitive registered form, and will not be issued in definitive registered form. Financial institutions, acting as direct and indirect participants in Euroclear and Clearstream Luxembourg, will represent your beneficial interests in the Euroclear/Clearstream Luxembourg Global Security. These financial institutions will record the ownership and transfer of your beneficial interests through global accounts. Ownership of beneficial interests in the Euroclear/Clearstream Luxembourg Global Security will be limited to persons who are participants in Euroclear and Clearstream Luxembourg and persons who hold interests through such participants.

Primary Distribution

Distributions will be cleared directly through the facilities of Euroclear and Clearstream Luxembourg, and securities held through Euroclear and Clearstream Luxembourg accounts will follow the settlement procedures applicable to conventional Eurobonds in registered form. Securities will be credited to the securities custody accounts of Euroclear and/or Clearstream Luxembourg participants, as the case may be, on the business day following the settlement date against payment for value on the settlement date.

Secondary Market Trading

Secondary market trading between Euroclear and Clearstream Luxembourg participants will occur in the ordinary way in accordance with the applicable rules and operating procedures of Euroclear and Clearstream Luxembourg and will be settled using procedures applicable to conventional Eurobonds in registered form.

LIMITATIONS ON ISSUANCES IN BEARER FORM

Unless otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, bearer securities properly classified as debt for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including bearer securities in global form, will not be issued unless (i) such bearer securities are considered to be in “registered form” for U.S. federal income tax purposes or (ii) such bearer securities are otherwise issued in compliance with applicable U.S. federal income tax laws and regulations.

U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS RELATING TO DEBT SECURITIES

The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to you if you invest in certain debt securities covered by this prospectus. For a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to you if you invest in indexed debt securities, preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, purchase contracts or units, you should refer to the related Prospectus Supplement. You should also consult your own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of any securities described in this prospectus in light of your particular facts and circumstances and any consequences arising under the laws of any state, local, foreign or other taxing jurisdiction.

This summary, which does not represent tax advice, is based on laws, regulations, rulings and decisions now in effect, all of which are subject to change. Any change could apply retroactively and could affect the continued validity of this summary. This summary deals only with beneficial owners of debt securities that will hold debt securities as capital assets and, except where otherwise specifically stated, is addressed only to persons who purchase debt securities in the initial offering. It does not address particular tax considerations that may be applicable to investors that are subject to special tax rules, such as banks, thrifts, real estate investment trusts, regulated investment companies, tax-exempt entities, insurance companies, dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities or commodities electing to mark to market, investors subject to special tax accounting rules under Section 451(b) of the Code, persons that will hold debt securities as a hedge or as a position in a “straddle” or conversion transaction, or as part of a “synthetic security” or other integrated financial transaction, entities or arrangements taxed as partnerships or the partners therein, persons subject to the alternative minimum tax, U.S. expatriates, nonresident alien individuals present in the United States for more than 182 days in a taxable year, or persons that have a “functional currency” other than the U.S. dollar. This summary addresses only debt securities that are properly characterized as indebtedness for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Particular tax consequences relating to debt securities having a term to maturity of more than 30 years will be discussed in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Prospective purchasers of debt securities should review the related Prospectus Supplement for summaries of special U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular issue of debt securities.

This summary addresses only U.S. federal income tax consequences, and does not address consequences arising under state, local, foreign tax laws or the Medicare tax on net investment income. Investors should consult their own tax advisors in determining the tax consequences to them of holding debt securities under such tax laws, as well as the application to their particular situation of the U.S. federal income tax considerations discussed below.

As used herein, a “United States Holder” is a beneficial owner of a debt security that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a citizen or resident of the United States or a domestic corporation or that otherwise is subject to U.S. federal income taxation on a net income basis in respect of the debt security. A “Non-United States Holder” is a beneficial owner of a debt security that is an individual, corporation, foreign estate, or foreign trust, that is not a United States Holder.

United States Holders

Payments and Accruals of Interest

Payments or accruals of “qualified stated interest,” as defined below under “—Original Issue Discount,” on a debt security will be taxable to a United States Holder as ordinary interest income at the time that such payments are accrued or are received, in accordance with the United States Holder’s method of tax accounting.

If payments of this kind are made with respect to a debt security denominated in a single currency other than the U.S. dollar (a “Foreign Currency Debt Security”), the amount of interest income realized by a United States Holder that uses the cash method of tax accounting will be the U.S. dollar value of the specified currency payment based on the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt regardless of whether the payment in fact is converted into U.S. dollars at such time. A United States Holder that uses the accrual method of accounting for tax purposes will accrue interest income on the Foreign Currency Debt Security in the relevant foreign currency and translate the amount accrued into U.S. dollars based on:

A United States Holder that makes the election described in the immediately preceding bullet point must apply it consistently to all debt instruments from year to year and cannot change it without the consent of the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”). A United States Holder that uses the accrual method of accounting for tax purposes will recognize foreign currency gain or loss, as the case may be, on the receipt of an interest payment made with respect to a Foreign Currency Debt Security if the exchange rate in effect on the date the payment is received differs from the rate applicable to a previous accrual of that interest income. Amounts attributable to pre-issuance accrued interest will generally not be includable in income, except to the extent of foreign currency gain or loss attributable to any changes in exchange rates during the period between the date the United States Holder acquired the debt security and the first interest payment date. This foreign currency gain or loss will be treated as ordinary income or loss, but generally will not be treated as an adjustment to interest income received on the debt securities.

Original Issue Discount

If HSBC USA Inc. issues debt securities at a discount from their stated redemption price at maturity (as defined below), and the discount is equal to or more than the product of one-fourth of one percent (0.25 percent) of the stated redemption price at maturity of such debt securities multiplied by the number of full years to their maturity (the “de minimis threshold”), such debt securities will be “OID Debt Securities.” The difference between the issue price and the stated redemption price at maturity of such debt securities will be the “original issue discount” (“OID”). The “issue price” of a debt security is the first price at which a substantial amount of debt securities is sold to the public (i.e., excluding sales of the debt securities to underwriters, placement agents, wholesalers or similar persons). The “stated redemption price at maturity” of a debt security will include all payments under the debt security, other than payments of qualified stated interest. The term “qualified stated interest” generally means stated interest that is unconditionally payable in cash or property, other than debt instruments issued by HSBC USA Inc., at least annually during the entire term of the debt security at a single fixed interest rate or, subject to certain conditions, based on one or more interest indices.

United States Holders of OID Debt Securities generally will be subject to special tax accounting rules for obligations issued with OID. United States Holders of such debt securities should be aware that, as described in greater detail below, they generally must include OID in ordinary gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes as it accrues, in advance of the receipt of cash attributable to that income.

In general, each United States Holder of an OID Debt Security, regardless of whether the holder uses the cash or the accrual method of tax accounting, will be required to include in ordinary gross income the sum of the “daily portions” of OID on the debt security for all days during the taxable year that the United States Holder owns the OID Debt Security. The daily portions of OID on an OID Debt Security are determined by allocating to each day in any accrual period a ratable portion of the OID allocable to that accrual period. Accrual periods may be any length and may vary in length over the term of an OID Debt Security, provided that no accrual period is longer than one year and each scheduled payment of principal or interest occurs on either the first day or the final day of an accrual period. In the case of an initial holder, the amount of OID on an OID Debt Security allocable to each accrual period is determined by (i) multiplying the “adjusted issue price” (as defined below) of the OID Debt Security at the beginning of the accrual period by its yield to maturity (appropriately adjusted to reflect the length of the accrual period) and (ii) subtracting from that product the amount, if any, of qualified stated interest allocable to that accrual period. The “yield to maturity” of a debt security is the discount rate that causes the present value of all payments on the debt security as of its original issue date to equal the issue price of the debt security. The “adjusted issue price” of an OID Debt Security at the beginning of any accrual period will generally be the sum of its issue price (generally including accrued interest, if any) and the amount of OID allocable to all prior accrual periods, reduced by the amount of all payments other than payments of qualified stated interest, if any, made with respect to the OID Debt Security in all prior accrual periods. As a result of this “constant yield” method of including OID in income, the amounts a United States Holder will be required to include in gross income in respect of an OID debt security denominated in U.S. dollars generally are lesser in the early years and greater in the later years than the amounts that would be includible on a straight-line basis.

A United States Holder generally may make an irrevocable election to include in its income its entire return on a debt security (i.e., the excess of all remaining payments to be received on the debt security, including payments of qualified stated interest, over the amount paid by the United States Holder for the debt security) under the constant-yield method described above. For debt securities purchased at a premium or bearing market discount in the hands of the United States Holder, the United States Holder making such election will also be deemed to have made the election (discussed below in “—Premium and Market Discount”) to amortize premium or to accrue market discount in income currently on a constant-yield basis.

Foreign Currency Debt Securities. In the case of an OID Debt Security that is also a Foreign Currency Debt Security, a United States Holder should determine the U.S. dollar amount includible in income as OID for each accrual period by

Because exchange rates may fluctuate, a United States Holder of an OID Debt Security that is also a Foreign Currency Debt Security may recognize a different amount of OID income in each accrual period than would the holder of an otherwise similar OID Debt Security denominated in U.S. dollars. All payments on an OID Debt Security, other than payments of qualified stated interest, will generally be viewed first as payments of previously accrued OID, to the extent thereof, with payments attributed first to the earliest accrued OID, and then as payments of principal. Upon the receipt of an amount attributable to OID, whether in connection with a payment of an amount that is not qualified stated interest or the disposition of the OID Debt Security, a United States Holder will recognize ordinary income or loss measured by the difference between the amount received translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt or on the date of disposition of the OID Debt Security, as the case may be, and the amount accrued using the exchange rate applicable to such previous accrual.

Market Discount and Acquisition Premium. A subsequent United States Holder of an OID Debt Security that purchases the debt security at a cost less than its remaining redemption amount (as defined below), or an initial United States Holder that purchases an OID Debt Security at a price other than the debt security’s issue price, also generally will be required to include in gross income the daily portions of OID, calculated as described above. However, if the United States Holder acquires the OID Debt Security at a price greater than its adjusted issue price, the holder is required to reduce its periodic inclusions of OID income to reflect the premium paid over the adjusted issue price. The “remaining redemption amount” for a debt security is the total of all future payments to be made on the debt security other than payments of qualified stated interest.

Floating Rate Debt Securities. Floating rate debt securities generally will be treated as “variable rate debt instruments” under applicable Treasury Regulations. Accordingly, the stated interest on a floating rate debt security generally will be treated as “qualified stated interest” and such a debt security will not have OID solely as a result of the fact that it provides for interest at a variable rate. If a floating rate debt security qualifying as a “variable rate debt instrument” is an OID Debt Security, for purposes of determining the amount of OID allocable to each accrual period under the rules above, the debt security’s “yield to maturity” and “qualified stated interest” will generally be determined as though the debt security bore interest in all periods at a fixed rate determined at the time of issuance of the debt security.  Additional rules may apply if interest on a floating rate debt security is based on more than one interest index. If a floating rate debt security does not qualify as a “variable rate debt instrument,” the debt security will be subject to special rules (the “Contingent Payment Regulations”) that govern the tax treatment of debt obligations that provide for contingent payments (“Contingent Debt Obligations”). A detailed description of the tax considerations relevant to United States Holders of any such debt securities will be provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

The debt securities may have special redemption, repayment or interest rate reset features, as indicated in the related Prospectus Supplement. Debt securities containing such features, in particular OID Debt Securities, may be subject to special rules that differ from the general rules discussed above. Accordingly, purchasers of debt securities with such features should carefully examine the applicable Prospectus Supplement, and should consult their tax advisors regarding such debt securities.

Purchase, Sale and Retirement of Debt Securities

A United States Holder’s tax basis in a debt security generally will equal the cost of such debt security to such holder:

In the case of a Foreign Currency Debt Security, the cost of such debt security to a United States Holder will be the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency purchase price on the date of purchase. In the case of a Foreign Currency Debt Security that is traded on an established securities market, a cash basis United States Holder (and, if it so elects, an accrual basis United States Holder) will determine the U.S. dollar value of the cost of such debt security by translating the amount paid at the spot rate of exchange on the settlement date of the purchase.

The amount of any subsequent adjustments to a United States Holder’s tax basis in a Foreign Currency Debt Security in respect of OID, market discount and premium denominated in a specified currency will be determined in the manner described under “—Original Issue Discount” and “—Premium and Market Discount.” The conversion of U.S. dollars to another specified currency and the immediate use of such specified currency to purchase a foreign currency debt security generally will not result in taxable gain or loss for a United States Holder.

Upon the sale, exchange, retirement or other taxable disposition (collectively, a “disposition”) of a debt security, a United States Holder generally will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between (i) the amount realized on the disposition, less any accrued qualified stated interest, which will be taxable as such, and (ii) the United States Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such debt security. If a United States Holder receives a currency other than the U.S. dollar in respect of such disposition of a debt security, the amount realized will be the U.S. dollar value of the specified currency received calculated at the exchange rate in effect on the date of disposition of the debt security.

In the case of a Foreign Currency Debt Security that is traded on an established securities market, a cash basis United States Holder, and if it so elects, an accrual basis United States Holder, will determine the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized by translating such amount at the spot rate of exchange on the settlement date of the disposition.

The election available to accrual basis United States Holders in respect of the purchase and sale of Foreign Currency Debt Securities traded on an established securities market, discussed above, must be applied consistently by the United States Holder to all debt instruments from year to year and cannot be changed without the consent of the IRS.

Except as discussed below with respect to market discount, short-term debt securities (as defined below) and foreign currency gain or loss, gain or loss recognized by a United States Holder on the disposition of a debt security will generally be long-term capital gain or loss if the United States Holder has held the debt security for more than one year at the time of disposition. Long-term capital gains recognized by an individual United States Holder generally are subject to tax at a lower rate than short-term capital gain or ordinary income. The deduction of capital losses is subject to limitations.

Gain or loss recognized by a United States Holder on the disposition of a Foreign Currency Debt Security generally will be treated as ordinary income or loss to the extent that the gain or loss is attributable to changes in exchange rates during the period in which the holder held such debt security. This foreign currency gain or loss will not be treated as an adjustment to interest income received on the debt security.

Premium and Market Discount

A United States Holder of a debt security that purchases the debt security at a cost greater than its remaining redemption amount (as defined under “—Original Issue Discount,” above) will be considered to have purchased the debt security at a premium, and may elect to amortize the premium (as an offset to interest income), using a constant-yield method, over the remaining term of the debt security. Such election, once made, generally applies to all bonds held or subsequently acquired by the United States Holder on or after the first taxable year to which the election applies and may not be revoked without the consent of the IRS. A United States Holder that elects to amortize the premium must reduce its tax basis in a debt security by the amount of the premium amortized during its holding period. OID Debt Securities purchased at a premium will not be subject to the OID rules described above. In the case of premium in respect of a Foreign Currency Debt Security, a United States Holder should calculate the amortization of the premium in the specified currency. Amortization deductions attributable to a period reduce interest payments in respect of that period and therefore are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate used by the United States Holder for such interest payments. Exchange gain or loss will be realized with respect to amortized bond premium on such a debt security based on the difference between the exchange rate on the date or dates the premium is recovered through interest payments on the debt security and the exchange rate on the date on which the United States Holder acquired the debt security. With respect to a United States Holder that does not elect to amortize bond premium, the amount of bond premium will be included in the United States Holder’s tax basis when the debt security matures or is disposed of by the United States Holder. Therefore, a United States Holder that does not elect to amortize such premium and that holds the debt security to maturity generally will be required to treat the premium as capital loss when the debt security matures.

If a United States Holder of a debt security purchases the debt security at a price that is lower than its remaining redemption amount, or in the case of an OID Debt Security, a price that is lower than its adjusted issue price, by at least 0.25% of its remaining redemption amount multiplied by the number of remaining whole years to maturity, the debt security will be considered to have “market discount” in the hands of such United States Holder. In such case, gain realized by the United States Holder on the disposition of the debt security generally will be treated as ordinary income to the extent of the market discount that accrued on the debt security while held by the United States Holder. In addition, the United States Holder could be required to defer the deduction of a portion of the interest paid on any indebtedness incurred or maintained to purchase or carry the debt security. In general terms, market discount on a debt security will be treated as accruing ratably over the term of the debt security, or, at the election of the holder, under a constant-yield method. Market discount on a Foreign Currency Debt Security will be accrued by a United States Holder in the specified currency. The amount includible in income by a United States Holder in respect of such accrued market discount will be the U.S. dollar value of the amount accrued, generally calculated at the exchange rate in effect on the date that the debt security is disposed of by the United States Holder.

A United States Holder may elect to include market discount in income on a current basis as it accrues (on either a ratable or constant-yield basis), in lieu of treating a portion of any gain realized on a sale of a debt security as ordinary income. If a United States Holder elects to include market discount on a current basis, the interest deduction deferral rule described above will not apply. Any accrued market discount on a Foreign Currency Debt Security that is currently includible in income will be translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate for the accrual period (or portion thereof within the United States Holder’s taxable year). Any such election, if made, applies to all market discount bonds acquired by the taxpayer on or after the first day of the first taxable year to which such election applies and is revocable only with the consent of the IRS.

Short-Term Debt Securities

The rules set forth above will also generally apply to debt securities having maturities of not more than one year (“short-term debt securities”), but with certain modifications.

First, none of the interest on a short-term debt security is treated as qualified stated interest. Thus, all short-term debt securities will be OID Debt Securities. OID will be treated as accruing on a short-term debt security ratably, or at the election of a United States Holder, under a constant yield method.

Second, a United States Holder of a short-term debt security that uses the cash method of tax accounting and is not a bank, securities dealer, regulated investment company or common trust fund, and does not identify the short-term debt security as part of a hedging transaction, will generally not be required to include OID in income on a current basis. Such a United States Holder may not be allowed to deduct all of the interest paid or accrued on any indebtedness incurred or maintained to purchase or carry such debt security until the maturity of the debt security or its earlier disposition in a taxable transaction. In addition, the United States Holder will be required to treat any gain realized on a disposition of the debt security as ordinary income to the extent such gain does not exceed the OID accrued with respect to the debt security during the period the United States Holder held the debt security. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a cash basis United States Holder of a short-term debt security may elect to accrue OID into income on a current basis or to accrue the “acquisition discount” on the debt security under the rules described above. If the United States Holder elects to accrue OID or acquisition discount, the limitation on the deductibility of interest described above will not apply.

A United States Holder using the accrual method of tax accounting and certain cash basis United States Holders (including banks, securities dealers, regulated investment companies and common trust funds) generally will be required to include OID on a short-term debt security in income on a current basis. Alternatively, a United States Holder of a short-term debt security can elect to accrue the “acquisition discount,” if any, with respect to the debt security on a current basis. If such an election is made, the OID rules will not apply to the debt security. Acquisition discount is the excess of the short-term debt security’s stated redemption price at maturity (i.e., all amounts payable on the short-term debt security) over the purchase price. Acquisition discount will be treated as accruing ratably or, at the election of the United States Holder, under a constant-yield method based on daily compounding. Finally, the market discount rules will not apply to a short-term debt security.

Indexed Debt Securities and Other Debt Securities Providing for Contingent Payments

The Contingent Payment Regulations, which govern the tax treatment of Contingent Debt Obligations, generally require accrual of interest income on a constant-yield basis in respect of such obligations at a yield determined at the time of their issuance, and may require adjustments to such accruals when any contingent payments are made. A detailed description of the tax considerations relevant to United States Holders of any Contingent Debt Obligations will be provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

Foreign Currency Debt Securities and Reportable Transactions

A United States Holder that participates in a “reportable transaction” will be required to disclose its participation to the IRS. The scope and application of these rules is not entirely clear. A United States Holder may be required to treat a foreign currency exchange loss relating to a Foreign Currency Debt Security as a reportable transaction if the loss exceeds $50,000 in a single taxable year if the United States Holder is an individual or trust, or higher amounts for other United States Holders. In the event the acquisition, ownership or disposition of a Foreign Currency Debt Security constitutes participation in a “reportable transaction” for purposes of these rules, a United States Holder will be required to disclose its investment to the IRS, currently on Form 8886. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these rules to the acquisition, ownership or disposition of Foreign Currency Debt Securities.

Specified Foreign Financial Assets

Individual United States Holders that own “specified foreign financial assets” with an aggregate value in excess of $50,000 on the last day of the taxable year or $75,000 at any time during the taxable year are generally required to file an information statement along with their tax returns, currently on Form 8938, with respect to such assets. “Specified foreign financial assets” include any financial accounts held at a non-U.S. financial institution, as well as securities issued by a non-U.S. issuer (which may include debt securities issued in certificated form) that are not held in accounts maintained by financial institutions. Higher reporting thresholds apply to certain individuals living abroad and to certain married individuals. Regulations extend this reporting requirement to certain entities that are treated as formed or availed of to hold direct or indirect interests in specified foreign financial assets based on certain objective criteria. United States Holders that fail to report the required information could be subject to substantial penalties. In addition, the statute of limitations for assessment of tax would be suspended, in whole or part.  Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors concerning the application of these rules to their investment in the debt securities, including the application of the rules to their particular circumstances.

Non-United States Holders

Payments of Interest

Subject to the discussions below under “—Information Reporting and Backup Withholding” and “—FATCA,” payments of interest on the debt securities to a Non-United States Holder generally will be exempt from withholding of U.S. federal income tax under the portfolio interest exemption provided that (i) the Non-United States Holder properly certifies as to its foreign status by providing a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or appropriate substitute form) to the applicable withholding agent, (ii) the Non-United States Holder does not actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of our stock entitled to vote; and (iii) the Non-United States Holder is not a controlled foreign corporation that is related to us actually or constructively through stock ownership.

Purchase, Sale and Retirement of Debt Securities

Subject to the discussions below under “—Information Reporting and Backup Withholding” and “—FATCA,” a Non-United States Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain recognized on a sale, exchange, or other disposition of debt securities.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Information returns will be filed with the IRS in connection with payments on the debt securities made to, and the proceeds of disposition of debt securities effected by, certain United States taxpayers. In addition, certain United States taxpayers may be subject to backup withholding in respect of such payments if they do not provide their taxpayer identification numbers to the person from whom they receive payments. Non-United States taxpayers may be required to comply with applicable certification procedures to establish that they are not United States taxpayers in order to avoid the application of such information reporting requirements and backup withholding. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a United States or Non-United States taxpayer will be allowed as a credit against the holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the holder to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

FATCA

Under the U.S. tax rules known as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), a holder of debt securities will generally be subject to 30% U.S. withholding tax on interest payments on the debt securities (and principal payments on the debt securities and gross proceeds from the sale or other taxable disposition of the debt securities) if the holder is not FATCA compliant, or holds its debt securities through a foreign financial institution that is not FATCA compliant. In order to be treated as FATCA compliant, a holder must provide us or an applicable financial institution (or other withholding agent) certain documentation (usually on IRS Form W-9, W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E) containing information about its identity, its FATCA status, and if required, its direct and indirect U.S. owners. For a foreign financial institution to be FATCA compliant, it generally must enter into an agreement with the U.S. government to report, on an annual basis, certain information regarding accounts with or interests in the institution held by certain United States persons and by certain non-U.S. entities that are wholly or partially owned by United States persons, or must satisfy similar requirements under an intergovernmental agreement between the United States and another country (an “IGA”). These requirements may be modified by the adoption or implementation of a particular IGA or by future U.S. Treasury Regulations. Proposed U.S. Treasury Regulations eliminate the requirement of withholding on gross proceeds from the sale or disposition of financial instruments such as the debt securities. The U.S. Treasury Department has indicated that taxpayers may rely on these proposed U.S. Treasury Regulations pending their finalization. If any taxes were to be deducted or withheld from any payments in respect of the debt securities as a result of a beneficial owner or intermediary’s failure to comply with the foregoing rules, no additional amounts will be paid on the debt securities as a result of the deduction or withholding of such tax. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors about how FATCA may apply to their investment in the debt securities.

CERTAIN EUROPEAN UNION TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The Proposed Financial Transaction Tax

The European Commission has published a proposal (the “Commission’s Proposal”) for a Directive for a common financial transaction tax (“FTT”) in Austria, Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain (the “participating Member States”). However, Estonia has since stated that it will not participate.

The Commission’s Proposal has very broad scope and could, if introduced in its current form, apply to certain dealings in the debt securities in certain circumstances.

Under the Commission’s Proposal, the FTT could apply in certain circumstances to persons both within and outside of the participating Member States. Generally, it would apply to certain dealings in the debt securities where at least one party is a financial institution, and at least one party is established in a participating Member State. A financial institution may be, or be deemed to be, “established” in a participating Member State in a broad range of circumstances, including (a) by transacting with a person established in a participating Member State or (b) where the financial instrument which is subject to the dealings is issued in a participating Member State.

The FTT remains subject to negotiation between participating Member States and the legality of the proposal is uncertain. It may therefore be altered prior to any implementation, the timing of which remains unclear. Additional EU Member States may decide to participate and/or certain of the participating Member States may decide to withdraw. Prospective holders of the debt securities are advised to seek their own professional advice in relation to the FTT.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION (CONFLICTS OF INTEREST)

Initial Offering and Sale

HSBC USA may sell the securities in their initial offering in any of four ways: (i) through underwriters or dealers for resale; (ii) directly to purchasers; (iii) through agents; or (iv) through a combination of any of these methods of sale. The securities HSBC USA distributes by any of these methods may be sold to the public, in one or more transactions, either (i) at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed; (ii) at market prices prevailing at the time of sale; (iii) at prices related to prevailing market prices; or (iv) at negotiated prices. Any underwriters, dealers and agents may include HSBC Securities (USA) Inc., an affiliate of HSBC USA, for offers and sales in the United States, and other affiliates for offers and sales outside of the United States, as described below. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will set forth the terms of the securities being offered, including the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents, the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds to HSBC USA from such sale, any underwriting discounts and other items constituting underwriters’ compensation and any discounts and commissions allowed or paid to dealers. Any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.

If the securities are sold through underwriters, the applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe the nature of the obligation of the underwriters to take and pay for the securities. The securities may be offered to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more underwriting firms acting alone. The underwriter or underwriters with respect to a particular underwritten offering of securities will be named in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, and, if an underwriting syndicate is used, the managing underwriter or underwriters will be set forth on the cover of such Prospectus Supplement. Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to certain conditions precedent, and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the securities if any are purchased.

The securities may be sold directly by HSBC USA or through agents designated by HSBC USA from time to time. Any agent involved in the offer or sale of the securities in respect of which this prospectus is delivered is named, and any commissions payable by HSBC USA to such agent are set forth, in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

Underwriters, dealers and agents who participate in the distribution of the securities may be entitled under agreements that may be entered into with HSBC USA, to indemnification by HSBC USA against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, or to contribution with respect to payments that the underwriters or agents may be required to make in respect thereof.

If so indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, HSBC USA will authorize underwriters, dealers or other persons acting as HSBC USA’s agents to solicit offers by certain institutions to purchase securities from HSBC USA pursuant to contracts providing for payment and delivery on a future date. Institutions with which such contracts may be made include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable institutions and others, but in all cases such institutions must be approved by HSBC USA. The obligations of any purchaser under any such contract will not be subject to any conditions except that (i) the purchase of the securities shall not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of the jurisdiction to which such purchaser is subject, and (ii) if the securities are also being sold to underwriters, HSBC USA must sell to such underwriters the securities not sold for delayed delivery. The underwriters, dealers and such other persons will not have any responsibility in respect of the validity or performance of such contracts.

In order to facilitate the offering of the securities, the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities. Specifically, the underwriters may overallot in connection with an offering, creating a short position in the securities for their own account. In addition, to cover overallotments or to stabilize the price of the securities, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, the securities in the open market. Finally, the underwriting syndicate may reclaim selling concessions allowed to an underwriter or a dealer for distributing the securities in the offering, if the syndicate repurchases previously distributed securities in transactions to cover syndicate short positions, in stabilization transactions or otherwise. Any of these activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities above independent market levels. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities, and may end any of these activities at any time.

Each series of securities will be a new issue of securities and will not have an established trading market prior to its original issue date. Any underwriters to whom securities are sold for public offering and sale may make a market in such securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. The securities may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange or admitted for trading in an automated quotation system. No assurance can be given as to the liquidity or trading market for any of the securities.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, payment of the purchase price for the securities will be required to be made in immediately available funds on the date of settlement.

Conflicts of Interest

HSBC Securities (USA) Inc., a U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary of HSBC Holdings and an affiliate of HSBC USA, is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) and may participate in distributions of the securities. Accordingly, offerings of the securities in which HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. participates will conform to the requirements of FINRA Rule 5121 addressing conflicts of interest. In accordance with FINRA Rule 5121, in such offerings HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. will not confirm sales to any accounts over which it exercises discretionary authority without the prior written approval of the customer.

Certain of the underwriters, dealers, agents or their affiliates have provided from time to time, and expect to provide in the future, investment or commercial banking services to HSBC USA and its affiliates, for which such underwriters, dealers, agents or their affiliates have received or will receive customary fees and commissions.

In addition, in the ordinary course of their business activities, one or more of the underwriters, dealers or agents and/or their respective affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. These investments and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of HSBC USA or its affiliates. These underwriters, dealers and agents, or their affiliates, that have a lending relationship with HSBC USA routinely hedge their credit exposure to HSBC USA consistent with their customary risk management policies. Typically, these parties would hedge such exposure to HSBC USA by entering into transactions which consist of either the purchase of credit default swaps or the creation of short positions in HSBC USA’s securities, including potentially the securities offered hereby. Any such short positions could adversely affect future trading prices of the securities offered hereby. These underwriters, dealers and agents, or their affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or financial instruments and may hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.

Market-Making Resales by Affiliates

This prospectus together with the applicable Prospectus Supplement and your confirmation of sale may also be used by HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. in connection with offers and sales of the securities in market-making transactions at negotiated prices related to prevailing market prices at the time of sale. In a market-making transaction, HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. may resell a security it acquires from other holders after the original offering and sale of the security. Resales of this kind may occur in the open market or may be privately negotiated, at prevailing market prices at the time of resale or at related or negotiated prices. In these transactions, HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. may act as principal or agent, including as agent for the counterparty in a transaction in which HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. acts as principal, or as agent for both counterparties in a transaction in which HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. does not act as principal. HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. may receive compensation in the form of discounts and commissions, including from both counterparties in some cases. Other affiliates of HSBC USA may also engage in transactions of this kind and may use this prospectus for this purpose. Neither HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. nor any other affiliate of HSBC USA has an obligation to make a market in any of the securities and may discontinue any market-making activities at any time without notice, in its sole discretion.

The securities to be sold in market-making transactions include securities to be issued after the date of this prospectus, as well as securities that have previously been issued.

HSBC USA does not expect to receive any proceeds from market-making transactions. HSBC USA does not expect that HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. or any other affiliate that engages in these transactions will pay any proceeds from its market-making resales to HSBC USA.

Information about the trade and settlement dates, as well as the purchase price, for a market-making transaction will be provided to the purchaser in a separate confirmation of sale.

Unless HSBC USA or an agent informs you in your confirmation of sale that your security is being purchased in its original offering and sale, you may assume that you are purchasing your security in a market-making transaction.

NOTICE TO CANADIAN INVESTORS

The securities offered hereby may be sold only to purchasers purchasing, or deemed to be purchasing, as principal that are accredited investors, as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions or subsection 73.3(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario), and are permitted clients, as defined in National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations. Any resale of the securities must be made in accordance with an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the prospectus requirements of applicable securities laws.

Securities legislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if this prospectus (including any amendment thereto) together with the applicable Prospectus Supplement contains a misrepresentation, provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory. The purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor.

Pursuant to section 3A.3 of National Instrument 33-105 Underwriting Conflicts (NI 33-105), any underwriters, dealers or agents are not required to comply with the disclosure requirements of NI 33-105 regarding underwriter conflicts of interest in connection with this offering.

NOTICE TO EEA INVESTORS

Each dealer has represented and agreed, and each further dealer appointed under the program will be required to represent and agree, that it has not offered, sold or otherwise made available and will not offer, sell or otherwise make available the securities which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this prospectus, as completed by any Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be, in relation thereto to any retail investor in the European Economic Area. For the purposes of this provision:

NOTICE TO U.K. INVESTORS

Each dealer has represented and agreed, and each further dealer appointed under a programme will be required to represent and agree, that:

For the purposes of subparagraph (a) above, the expression "UK retail investor" means a person who is one (or more) of (i) a retail client, as defined in point (8) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 2017/565 as it forms part of U.K. domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 ("EUWA"), (ii) a customer within the meaning of the provisions of the FSMA and any rules or regulations made under the FSMA to implement Directive (EU) 2016/97 (as amended), where that customer would not qualify as a professional client, as defined in point (8) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 as it forms part of U.K. domestic law by virtue of the EUWA or (iii) not a qualified investor as defined in Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 (as amended) as it forms part of U.K. domestic law by virtue of the EUWA, and the expression "offer" includes the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the securities to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe to the securities.

U.K. FINANCIAL PROMOTION

This communication is only being distributed to and is only directed at (i) persons who are outside the U.K. or (ii) investment professionals falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the “Order”) or (iii) high net worth companies, and other persons to whom it may lawfully be communicated, falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (all such persons together being referred to as “relevant persons”). The securities are only available to, and any invitation, offer or agreement to subscribe, purchase or otherwise acquire such securities will be engaged in only with, relevant persons. Any person who is not a relevant person should not act or rely on this document or any of its contents.

CERTAIN ERISA AND RELATED MATTERS

The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), imposes certain restrictions on employee benefit plans as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA that are subject to Title I of ERISA (“ERISA Plans”) and on persons who are fiduciaries with respect to such ERISA Plans. In accordance with the ERISA’s general fiduciary requirements, a fiduciary with respect to any such ERISA Plan who is considering the purchase of securities on behalf of such ERISA Plan should determine whether such purchase is permitted under the governing ERISA Plan documents and is prudent and appropriate for the ERISA Plan in view of its overall investment policy and the composition and diversification of its portfolio. Other provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) prohibit certain transactions between an ERISA Plan or other plan subject to Section 4975 of the Code, including individual retirement accounts or “IRAs” (such plans and ERISA Plans and any entity deemed to hold plan assets of the foregoing, “Plans”) and persons who have certain specified relationships to the Plan (“parties in interest” within the meaning of ERISA or “disqualified persons” within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code). Thus, a Plan fiduciary considering the purchase of securities should consider whether such a purchase might constitute or result in a prohibited transaction under ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code.

HSBC USA or underwriters, dealers or agents selling securities may each be considered a “party in interest” or a “disqualified person” with respect to many Plans. HSBC USA and several of its subsidiaries are each considered a “disqualified person” under the Code or “party in interest” under ERISA with respect to many Plans, although HSBC USA is not a “disqualified person” with respect to an IRA simply because the IRA is established with HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. or because HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. provides brokerage to the IRA.

The purchase of securities by a Plan that is subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA or the prohibited transaction provisions of Section 4975 of the Code (including IRAs and other plans described in Section 4975(c)(1) of the Code) and with respect to which HSBC USA or the underwriters, dealers or agents selling securities is a party in interest or a disqualified person may constitute or result in a prohibited transaction under ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, unless such securities are acquired pursuant to and in accordance with an applicable statutory or administrative exemption. Administrative exemptions include Prohibited Transaction Class Exemption (“PTCE”) 84-14 (an exemption for certain transactions determined by an independent qualified professional asset manager), PTCE 90-1 (an exemption for certain transactions involving insurance company pooled separate accounts), PTCE 91-38 (an exemption for certain transactions involving bank collective investment funds), PTCE 95-60 (an exemption for certain transactions involving life insurance general accounts) or PTCE 96-23 (an exemption for certain transactions determined by in-house investment managers).

In addition, Section 408(b)(17) of ERISA and Section 4975(d)(20) of the Code provide statutory exemptive relief for certain arm’s-length transactions with a person that is a party in interest solely by reason of providing services to Plans or being an affiliate of such a service provider (the “Service Provider Exemption”). Generally, the Service Provider Exemption would be applicable if the party to the transaction with the Plan is a party in interest or a disqualified person to the Plan but is not (i) an employer, (ii) a fiduciary who has or exercises any discretionary authority or control with respect to the investment of the Plan assets involved in the transaction, (iii) a fiduciary who renders investment advice (within the meaning of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code) with respect to those assets, or (iv) an affiliate of (i), (ii) or (iii). Any Plan fiduciary relying on the Service Provider Exemption and purchasing securities on behalf of a Plan will be deemed to represent that (x) the fiduciary has made a good faith determination that the Plan is paying no more than, and is receiving no less than, adequate consideration in connection with the transaction and (y) neither HSBC USA nor any of its affiliates directly or indirectly exercises any discretionary authority or control or renders investment advice (as defined above) with respect to the assets of the Plan which such fiduciary is using to purchase the securities, both of which are necessary preconditions to utilizing this exemption. There can be no assurance that all of the conditions of any such administrative or statutory exemption will be satisfied. Any purchaser that is a Plan is encouraged to consult with counsel regarding the application of the foregoing exemptions or any other statutory or administrative exemption.

Certain employee benefit plans, such as non-US plans (as described in Section 4(b)(4) of ERISA), governmental plans (as defined in Section 3(32) of ERISA) and, if no election has been made under Section 410(d) of the Code, church plans (as defined in Section 3(33) of ERISA), are not subject to Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code. However, such plans may be subject to the provisions of applicable non-US, federal, state or local or other laws, rules or regulations (“Similar Law”) substantially similar to the foregoing provisions of ERISA or the Code. Fiduciaries of such plans (“Similar Law Plans”) should consider applicable Similar Law when investing in the securities.

Because of the foregoing, the securities should not be acquired or held by any person investing “plan assets” of any Plan or Similar Law Plan, unless such acquisition and holding will not constitute a non-exempt prohibited transaction under ERISA and the Code or similar violation of any applicable Similar Laws.

By its purchase of any securities, the purchaser or transferee thereof will be deemed to represent, on each day from the date on which the purchaser or transferee acquires the securities through and including the date on which the purchaser or transferee disposes of its interest in such securities, either that (a) it is not a Plan, a Similar Law Plan or an entity whose underlying assets include the assets of any Plan or Similar Law Plan or (b) its purchase, holding and disposition of such securities will not result in a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code or a violation of Similar Law.

In addition, any purchaser that is a Plan or is acquiring the securities on behalf of a Plan, including any fiduciary purchasing on behalf of a Plan, will be deemed to have represented, in its corporate and its fiduciary capacity, by its purchase and holding of the securities that (a) neither HSBC USA, the underwriters, the dealers, the agents, the trustees nor any of their respective affiliates or agents (collectively the “Seller”) is a “fiduciary” (under Section 3(21) of ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code, or under any final or proposed regulations thereunder, or with respect to any Similar Law Plan) with respect to the acquisition, holding or disposition of the securities, or as a result of any exercise by the Seller of any rights in connection with the securities, (b) no advice provided by the Seller has formed a primary basis for any investment decision by or on behalf of such purchaser in connection with the securities and the transactions contemplated with respect to such securities, and (c) such purchaser recognizes and agrees that any communication from the Seller to the purchaser with respect to the securities is not intended by the Seller to be investment advice and is rendered in its capacity as a seller of such securities and not a fiduciary to such purchaser.

Due to the complexity of these rules and the penalties that may be imposed upon persons involved in non-exempt prohibited transactions, it is important that fiduciaries or other persons considering acquiring the securities on behalf of or with the assets of any Plan or Similar Law Plan consult with their counsel regarding the availability of exemptive relief under any of the PTCEs listed above, the Service Provider Exemption or the potential consequences of any acquisition or holding under Similar Laws, as applicable. Purchasers of the securities have exclusive responsibility for ensuring that their acquisition, holding and disposition of the securities do not violate the fiduciary or prohibited transaction rules of ERISA or the Code or any similar provisions of Similar Laws.

The transfer of any securities to a Plan or Similar Law Plan is in no respect a representation by HSBC USA, the underwriter, dealer or agent selling securities or any of their respective affiliates or representatives that an investment in the securities meets all relevant legal requirements with respect to investments by any such Plans or Similar Law Plans generally or any particular Plan or Similar Law Plan or that such investment is appropriate for such Plans or Similar Law Plans generally or any particular Plan or Similar Law Plan.

The above discussion may be modified or supplemented with respect to a particular offering of securities, including the addition of further ERISA restrictions on purchase and transfer set forth in any applicable prospectus supplement, product supplement or pricing supplement.

LEGAL OPINIONS

The validity of certain securities offered hereby will be passed upon for HSBC USA by Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP. The legality of certain of the securities will be passed upon for HSBC USA by Mayer Brown LLP. Certain matters of Maryland law will be passed upon for HSBC USA by DLA Piper LLP and Mayer Brown LLP. Certain legal matters will be passed upon for the underwriters and agents by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, or such other counsel as is named in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, DLA Piper LLP and Mayer Brown LLP have in the past represented and continue to represent HSBC USA and its affiliates on a regular basis and in a variety of matters.

EXPERTS

The financial statements incorporated in this Prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

ITEM 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

Estimated annual expenses over three years:

ITEM 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers of HSBC USA.

Pursuant to Article Ninth of the Registrant’s charter and the provisions of Section 2-418 of the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended, we may indemnify a director or officer for service in this capacity unless it is proved that: (a) the act or omission of the person was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; (b) the person actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property, or services; or (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the person had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. Indemnification may be against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements, and reasonable expenses actually incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceeding; however, if the proceeding was one by or in the right of us, indemnification may not be made if the person has been adjudged liable to us. The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order or settlement does not create a presumption that the director or officer did not meet the requisite standard of conduct for indemnification, but the termination of any proceeding by conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, or an entry of an order of probation prior to judgment, does create a rebuttable presumption that the person may not be indemnified. In addition, we may pay or reimburse, prior to final disposition, the expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by a director or officer in defending a proceeding provided that such person has given (a) a written affirmation that, in good faith, he believes that he has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by us and (b) a written undertaking to us to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined that he is not entitled to indemnification. This undertaking, however, need not be secured and may be accepted without reference to such person’s financial ability to make the repayment. Article Ninth of our charter also provides that we may indemnify any person who is or was our employee or agent or is or was serving at our request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise to the extent and under the circumstances provided for indemnification of our directors and officers. Any indemnification shall be made by us only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination by our board of directors, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion or by our stockholders that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because such person has met the applicable standard of conduct. Such indemnification is not exclusive of any other rights and remedies to which our director, officer, employee or agent may be entitled by law or other agreement or otherwise.

We carry a policy of insurance providing for indemnification of our and our subsidiary’s directors, officers and employees, as permitted by Article Ninth of our Charter and Section 2-418 of the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended.

ITEM 16. Exhibits.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

provided, however, that the undertakings set forth in subparagraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those subparagraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in The City of New York, State of New York, on the 23rd day of February 2021.

Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints L. P. Zielinski as his/her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him/her in his/her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to the Registration Statement, granting unto such attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all interests and purposes as he/she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that such attorney-in-fact and agent or their substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated on the 23rd day of February 2021.