SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | (2) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Zynex, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Non-controlling Interest Non-controlling interest in the equity of a subsidiary is accounted for and reported as a decrease in shareholders’ equity. Non-controlling interest represents the 20% ownership in the Company’s majority-owned inactive subsidiary, ZBC. Reclassifications During 2019, the Company began reporting costs related to its selling and marketing activities separate from its general and administrative costs. As a result, reclassifications between selling and marketing costs and general and administrative costs have been made to the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018 to conform to the consolidated 2019 financial statement presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on net earnings, retained earnings or cash flows as previously reported. Use of Estimates Preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant management estimates used in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are associated with the allowance for billing adjustments and uncollectible accounts receivable, inventory reserves, the life of its leased devices, stock-based compensation, and valuation of long-lived assets and realizability of deferred tax assets. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, for which current carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Short-term investments include investments with maturities greater than three months, but not exceeding 12 months, or highly liquid investments with maturities greater than 12 months that the Company intends to liquidate during the next 12 months for working capital needs. Inventory Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard costs, which approximates actual costs on an average cost basis. Following are the components of inventory as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Raw Materials $ 953 $ 454 Work-in-process 200 55 Finished Goods 1,640 576 $ 2,793 1,085 Less: reserve (415) (248) $ 2,378 $ 837 The Company monitors inventory for turnover and obsolescence and records losses for excess and obsolete inventory, as appropriate. The Company provides reserves for estimated excess and obsolete inventories equal to the difference between the costs of inventories on hand and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand. If future demand is less favorable than currently projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is recorded at cost. Repairs and maintenance expenditures are charged to expense as incurred. We compute depreciation expense on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows: Classification Estimated Useful Life Office furniture and equipment 5 to 7 years Assembly equipment 7 years Vehicles 5 years Leasehold improvements Term of lease Leased devices 9 months Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception or modification of a contract. The Company recognizes finance and operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of the lease payments over the lease term. For our finance leases, the Company uses the implicit rate to determine the present value of future lease payments. For our operating leases that do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses incremental borrowing rates to determine the present value of future lease payments. The Company includes options to extend or terminate a lease in the lease term when it is reasonably certain to exercise such options. The Company recognizes leases with an initial term of 12 months or less as lease expense over the lease term and those leases are not recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. For additional information on our leases where the Company is the lessee, see Note 9- Leases. A significant portion of our device revenue is derived from patients who obtain our devices under month-to-month lease arrangements. Revenue related to devices on lease is recognized in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. Using the guidance in ASC 842, we concluded our transactions should be accounted for as operating leases based on the following criteria below: 1. The lease does not transfer ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term. 2. The lease does not grant the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise. 3. The lease term is month to month, which does not meet the major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset. However, if the commencement date falls at or near the end of the economic life of the underlying asset, this criterion shall not be used for purposes of classifying the lease. 4. There is no residual value guaranteed and the present value of the sum of the lease payments does not equal or exceed substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset 5. The underlying asset is expected to have alternative uses to the lessor at the end of the lease term. Lease commencement occurs upon delivery of the device to the patient. The Company retains title to the leased device and those devices are classified as property and equipment on the balance sheet. Since our leases are month-to-month and can be returned by the patient at any time, revenue is recognized monthly for the duration of the period in which the patient retains the device. Revenue Recognition, Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Billing Adjustments and Collectability Revenue is derived from sales and leases of our electrotherapy devices and sales of related supplies and complimentary products. The Company recognizes revenue when control of the product has been transferred to the patient, in the amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to receive. In general, revenue from sales of our devices and supplies is recognized once the product is delivered to the patient, which is when control is deemed to have transferred to our patient. Sales of our devices and supplies are primarily made with, and shipped directly to the patient with a small amount of revenue generated from sales to distributors. In the healthcare industry there is often a third party involved that will pay on the patients’ behalf for purchased or leased devices and supplies. The terms of the separate arrangement impact certain aspects of the contracts, with patients covered by third party payers, such as contract type, performance obligations and transaction price, but for purposes of revenue recognition the contract with the customer refers to the arrangement between the Company and the patient. The Company does not have any material deferred revenue in the normal course of business as each performance obligation is met upon delivery of goods to the patient. There are no substantial costs incurred through support or warranty obligations. The following table provides a breakdown of net revenue related to devices accounted for as purchases subject to ASC 606 and leases subject to ASC 842 (in thousands): For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Device revenue Purchased $ 4,035 $ 1,950 Leased 6,678 4,872 Total Device revenue 10,713 6,822 Primarily all of the Company’s receivables are due from patients with commercial or government health plans and workers compensation claims with a small portion related to private pay individuals, attorney and auto claims. Revenues are estimated using the portfolio approach by third party payer type based upon historical rates of collection, aging of receivables, trends in historical reimbursement rates by third-party payer types, and current relationships and experience with the third-party payers, which includes estimated constraints for third-party payer refund requests, deductions and adjustments. Inherent in these estimates is the risk that they will have to be revised as additional information becomes available and constraints are released. Specifically, the complexity of third-party payer billing arrangements and the uncertainty of reimbursement amounts for certain products from third-party payers or unanticipated requirements to refund payments previously received may result in adjustments to amounts originally recorded. Due to continuing changes in the health care industry and third-party payer reimbursement, it is possible our forecasting model to estimate collections could change, which could have an impact on our results of operations and cash flows. Any differences between estimated and actual collectability are reflected in the period in which received. Historically these differences have been immaterial and the Company has not had to go back and reassess the adjustments of future periods for past billing adjustments. A change in the way estimates are determined can result from a number of factors, including changes in the reimbursement policies or practices of third-party payers, or changes in industry rates of reimbursement. The Company monitors the variability and uncertain timing over third-party payer types in our portfolios. If there is a change in our third-party payer mix over time, it could affect our net revenue and related receivables. We believe we have a sufficient history of collection experience to estimate the net collectible amounts by third-party payer type. However, changes to constraints for billing adjustments have historically fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. Stock-based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation through recognition of the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, which is measured based on the grant date fair value of the award that is ultimately expected to vest during the period. The stock-based compensation expenses are recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award (the requisite service period, which in the Company’s case is the same as the vesting period). For awards subject to the achievement of performance metrics, stock-based compensation expense is recognized when it becomes probable that the performance conditions will be achieved. Earnings Per Share We calculate basic earnings per share on the basis of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period plus the effect of potential dilutive common shares during the period using the treasury stock method. Potential shares of common stock outstanding include unvested restricted stock awards, vested and unvested stock options and common stock purchase warrants. Advertising The Company expenses advertising costs as they are incurred. Advertising expense for each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed when incurred. Research and development expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $0.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Research and development which includes salaries related to research and development and raw materials are included in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Income Taxes We record deferred tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to be applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We reduce deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance if, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that these benefits will not be realized. The Company is subject to the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 740‑10, Income Taxes, which requires that the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates be recognized in the period the tax rate change was enacted. Due to the complexities involved in accounting for the recently enacted Tax Act, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 118 allows a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment date of the Tax Act to finalize the recording of the related tax impacts. The company has finalized its analysis of tax impacts as of December 31, 2018 and has recorded no material adjustments. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018‑07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payments. This ASU expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The effective date for the standard is for interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The new guidance is required to be applied retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized at the date of initial application. The Company determined that adoption did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“ASU 2018-02”), which allows companies to reclassify stranded tax effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act), from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The new standard is effective for us beginning January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company determined that the adoption did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as of January 1, 2019, with an effective date of January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach. The modified retrospective approach provides a method for recording existing leases at adoption and in comparative periods that approximates the results of a full retrospective approach. In addition, we elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standards, which among other things, allowed us to carry forward the historical lease classification. We also elected the hindsight practical expedient to determine the lease term for existing leases. Our election of the hindsight practical expedient resulted in the lengthening of the lease term related to one of our finance leases. Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of additional net lease assets and lease liabilities of approximately $3.6 million and $3.9 million, respectively, as of January 1, 2018. The difference between the additional lease assets and liabilities was primarily due to lease incentives with the remaining difference of $7,000 recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated statement of operations and had no impact on our statement of cash flows. See Note 9, below, for further discussion regarding the Company’s operating and finance leases. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) ("ASU 2016-13"), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that aren't measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace today's "incurred loss" approach with an "expected loss" model for instruments measured at amortized cost. For available-for-sale debt securities, entities will be required to record allowances rather than reduce the carrying amount, as they do today under the other-than-temporary impairment model. It also simplifies the accounting model for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods therein for smaller reporting companies. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-13 will have on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In December 2019, FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” The amendments simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principals of Topic 740, “Income Taxes” and also improve consistent application by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, with the amendments to be applied on a retrospective, modified retrospective or prospective basis, depending on the specific amendment. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact of adoption this guidance. Management has evaluated other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe that any of these pronouncements will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |