REVENUE EARNING EQUIPMENT, NET | REVENUE EARNING EQUIPMENT, NET Estimated Useful Lives (In Years) June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Dollars in millions) Cost Accumulated Net Cost Accumulated Net Held for use: Trucks 3 — 7 $ 5,821 $ (2,182) $ 3,639 $ 5,630 $ (2,192) $ 3,438 Tractors 4 — 7.5 6,737 (2,641) 4,096 6,995 (2,712) 4,283 Trailers and other 9.5 — 12 1,709 (665) 1,044 1,686 (683) 1,003 Held for sale 840 (651) 189 732 (564) 168 Total $ 15,107 $ (6,139) $ 8,968 $ 15,043 $ (6,151) $ 8,892 Residual Value Estimate Changes We periodically review and adjust, as appropriate, the estimated residual values and useful lives of existing revenue earning equipment for the purposes of recording depreciation expense. Based on the results of our analysis, we may adjust the estimated residual values and useful lives of certain classes of our revenue earning equipment each year. Reductions in estimated residual values or useful lives will increase depreciation expense over the remaining useful life of the vehicle. Conversely, an increase in estimated residual values or useful lives will decrease depreciation expense over the remaining useful life of the vehicle. At the end of the vehicle's useful life or end of the lease term, the vehicle is either sold to a third party or purchased by the lessee, in which case we may record a gain or loss for the difference between the estimated residual value and the sales price. Our review of the estimated residual values and useful lives of revenue earning equipment is based on vehicle class (i.e., generally subcategories of trucks, tractors and trailers by weight and usage), historical and current market prices, third-party expected future market prices, expected lives of vehicles, and expected sales in the wholesale or retail markets, among other factors. A variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, could cause residual value estimates to differ from actual used vehicle sales pricing, such as changes in supply and demand of used vehicles; volatility in market conditions; changes in vehicle technology; competitor pricing; regulatory requirements; wholesale market prices; customer requirements and preferences; and changes in underlying assumption factors. As a result, future residual value estimates and resulting depreciation expense are subject to change based upon these factors. We have disciplines related to the management and maintenance of our vehicles designed to manage the risk associated with the residual values of our revenue earning equipment. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we did not adjust the estimated residual values and useful lives of existing revenue earning equipment. Used Vehicle S ales and Valuation Adjustments Revenue earning equipment held for sale is stated at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Losses on vehicles held for sale for which carrying values exceeded fair value, which we refer to as "valuation adjustments," are recognized at the time they are deemed to meet the held-for-sale criteria and are presented within "Used vehicle sales, net" in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. For revenue earning equipment held for sale, we stratify our fleet by vehicle type (trucks, tractors and trailers), weight class, age and other relevant characteristics and create classes of similar assets for analysis purposes. For revenue earning equipment held for sale, fair value was determined based upon recent market prices obtained from our own sales experience for each class of similar assets and vehicle condition, if available, or third-party market pricing. In addition, we also consider expected declines in market prices, as well as forecasted sales channel mix (retail/wholesale) when valuing the vehicles held for sale. The following table presents our assets held for sale that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and considered a Level 3 fair value measurement: Losses from Valuation Adjustments June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30, (In millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenue earning equipment held for sale: Trucks $ 9 $ 5 $ 3 $ 1 $ 6 $ 3 Tractors 32 38 3 — 9 — Trailers and other 3 4 1 1 2 1 Total assets at fair value $ 44 $ 47 $ 7 $ 2 $ 17 $ 4 The table above reflects only the portion where net book values of revenue earnings equipment held for sale exceeded fair values and valuation adjustments were recorded. The net book value of assets held for sale that were less than fair value was $145 million and $121 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The components of "Used vehicle sales, net" were as follows: Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30, (In millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Gains on used vehicle sales, net $ (26) $ (57) $ (56) $ (131) Losses from valuation adjustments 7 2 17 4 Used vehicle sales, net $ (19) $ (55) $ (39) $ (127) |