| Document And Entity Information | Oct. 17, 2024 |
| Cover [Abstract] | |
| Document Type | 8-K |
| Amendment Flag | false |
| Document Period End Date | Oct. 17, 2024 |
| Entity Registrant Name | OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC. |
| Entity Central Index Key | 0000878927 |
| Entity Emerging Growth Company | false |
| Entity File Number | 0-19582 |
| Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code | VA |
| Entity Tax Identification Number | 56-0751714 |
| Entity Address, Address Line One | 500 Old Dominion Way |
| Entity Address, City or Town | Thomasville |
| Entity Address, State or Province | NC |
| Entity Address, Postal Zip Code | 27360 |
| City Area Code | (336) |
| Local Phone Number | 889-5000 |
| Entity Information, Former Legal or Registered Name | Not Applicable |
| Written Communications | false |
| Soliciting Material | false |
| Pre-commencement Tender Offer | false |
| Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer | false |
| Title of 12(b) Security | Common Stock ($0.10 par value) |
| Trading Symbol | ODFL |
| Security Exchange Name | NASDAQ |
