ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
This section is an analysis of the financial performance and of significant trends that may affect TotalEnergies’ future performance and it should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto starting on page F-9. The Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto are prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and IFRS as adopted by the EU.
This section contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. For a list of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements, see “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” starting on page ii.
For information on the invasion of Ukraine by Russia and the situation of the Company at March 23, 2023, refer to Item 5. – 5.6 starting on page 18.
5.1 Overview
TotalEnergies’ results are affected by a variety of factors, including changes in crude oil and natural gas prices and refining and marketing margins, all generally expressed in dollars, as well as changes in exchange rates, particularly the value of the euro compared to the dollar. Higher crude oil and natural gas prices generally have a positive effect on the income of TotalEnergies because the Exploration & Production segment’s oil and gas business and the integrated Gas, Renewables & Power segment’s LNG and downstream gas business are positively impacted by the resulting increase in revenues. Lower crude oil and natural gas prices generally have a corresponding negative effect. The effect of changes in crude oil prices on the activities of TotalEnergies' Refining & Chemicals and Marketing & Services segments (Downstream) depends upon the speed at which the prices of refined petroleum products adjust to reflect such changes. TotalEnergies' results are also significantly affected by the costs of its activities, in particular those related to exploration and production, and by the outcome of its strategic decisions with respect to cost reduction efforts. In addition, TotalEnergies' results are affected by general economic and political conditions and changes in governmental laws and regulations, as well as by the impact of decisions by OPEC+ on production levels. For more information, refer to “Item 3. - 3.1 Risk factors”.
In 2022, TotalEnergies generated cash flow from operating activities of $47.4 billion and cash flow (DACF)1 of $47.03 billion. TotalEnergies reported IFRS net income of $20.5 billion, including nearly $15 billion in provisions related to Russia (for an adjusted net income2 of $36.2 billion), representing a return on equity of 32% and a return on capital employed (ROACE) of 28%, which demonstrates the quality of its global portfolio. Adjusted EBITDA3 was $71.6 billion.
In 2022, the integrated Gas, Renewables & Power (iGRP) segment reported IFRS net income of $9.6 billion, cash flow from operating activities of $9.7 billion, adjusted net operating income4 and cash flow (DACF)5 of $12.1 billion and $10.8 billion, respectively. These results build on the globally integrated LNG portfolio. The Integrated Power activity (covering the electricity and renewables business) had nearly 17 GW of gross renewable capacity installed at the end of 2022. In order to provide shareholders with a better understanding of the growth strategy of LNG and electricity/renewables, the Board of Directors decided that from the first quarter 2023 iGRP's results will separately report the contributions of the Integrated LNG and Integrated Power activities.
In 2022, the Exploration & Production segment reported IFRS net income of $5.1 billion and adjusted net operating income of $17.5 billion, cash flow from operating activities of $27.7 billion, raising its strong full-year contribution to the Company’s net cash flow6 with $26.0 billion. In 2022, new discoveries were made in Cyprus, Brazil, Namibia and Suriname.
In 2022, Downstream7 reported solid performance with IFRS net income of $8.2 billion and $8.9 billion in adjusted net operating income and cash flow from operating activities of $11.8 billion and cash flow (DACF)8 of $10.1 billion, supported by a refinery utilization rate of 82% that fully captured high refining margins. TotalEnergies continues to grow in petrochemicals with the launch of the Amiral project, an integrated complex in Saudi Arabia.
In line with the policy announced in September 2022, TotalEnergies implemented a balanced cash allocation in 2022, between shareholders with a 37.2% payout, net investments9 of $16.3 billion, including $4 billion in low-carbon energies, and deleveraging or reducing net debt by $12.2 billion to end 2022 and net cash flow10 of $29.4 billion with year-end gearing11 reduced to 7.0%. In addition, the Company has ensured balanced profit sharing with its employees (exceptional bonus of up to one month’s salary12 and wage increases taking into account the inflation rate observed in various countries) and with its customers through rebates on various energy products to mitigate the increase in energy prices. Governments have also benefited from more than $33 billion in taxes worldwide, more than double the amount in 2021, mostly paid to producing countries.
1 DACF = debt adjusted cash flow, is defined as operating cash flow before working capital changes and without financial charges. Operating cash flow before working capital changes is defined as cash flow from operating activities before changes in working capital at replacement cost, excluding the mark-to-market effect of iGRP’s contracts and including capital gain from renewable projects sales (effective first quarter 2020). Operating cash flow before working capital changes provides information on underlying cash flow without the short-term impacts of changes in inventory and other working capital elements at replacement cost. For information on the inventory effect and replacement cost method, refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements (starting on page F-23).
2 Adjusted net income refers to adjusted net operating income, adjusted for special items, inventory valuation effect and the effect of changes in fair value. See “- 5.3 Business segment reporting” below for further details.
3 Adjusted EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization) corresponds to the adjusted earnings before depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible and intangible assets and mineral interests, income tax expense and cost of net debt, i.e., all operating income and contribution of equity affiliates to net income. The reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA with the consolidated financial statements is set forth under “Reconciliation of net income (TotalEnergies share) to adjusted EBITDA” on page 5.
4 Adjusted for special items, inventory valuation effect and the effect of changes in fair value. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements (starting on page F-23).
5 DACF = debt adjusted cash flow. Operating cash flow before working capital changes without financial charges of the segment is defined as the cash flow from operating activities before changes in working capital at replacement cost, without financial charges except those related to leases, excluding the impact of contracts recognized at fair value for the segment and including capital gains on the sale of renewable projects.
6 Refer to the reconciliation table for different cash flow figures set forth under “Cash Flow” on page 5.
7 Downstream refers to the Refining & Chemicals business segment and the Marketing & Services business segment.
8 DACF = debt adjusted cash flow. Operating cash flow before working capital changes without financial charge of the segment is defined as the cash flow from operating activities before changes in working capital at replacement cost, except those related to leases.
9 Net investments = organic investments + net acquisitions. For additional information on investments, refer to point 1.6 of chapter 1 of the Universal Registration Document 2022 (starting on page 34), incorporated herein by reference.
10 Refer to the reconciliation table for different cash flow figures set forth under “Cash Flow” on page 5.
11 Gearing = net debt / (net debt +shareholders equity TotalEnergies share + non-controlling interests); excluding leases receivables and leases debts. For additional information, refer to Note 15.1(E) to the Consolidated Financial Statements (starting on page F-76).
12 Payment, capped for high salaries, to employees of all fully owned companies and of companies in which TotalEnergies holds more than 50%, subject to agreement by their governing bodies