BioLargo (BLGO) S-1IPO registration

Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission April 12, 2024

Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

BIOLARGO, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Agents and Corporations, Inc.

1201 Orange Street, Suite 600

Wilmington, DE 19801

(302) 575-0877

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:

From time to time after this registration statement is declared effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box: ☒

If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a) may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PROSPECTUS (Subject to Completion)

Dated:

PROSPECTUS

34,888,449 shares of common stock

This prospectus relates to the offer and sale of up to 34,888,449 shares of common stock, par value $0.00067, of BioLargo, Inc., a Delaware corporation, by the selling stockholders identified herein (referred to collectively herein as the “selling stockholders,” or individually as a “selling stockholder”). These shares are issuable upon exercise of warrants that were issued to the selling stockholders between May 4, 2020, and January 26, 2024, at an average exercise price of $0.2586 per share.

We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders. We may receive up to $9,022,461 aggregate gross proceeds in the event the warrants are exercised in full.

After exercise of the warrants, the selling stockholders may sell the shares of common stock described in this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. See “Plan of Distribution” for more information about how the selling stockholders may sell the shares of common stock being registered pursuant to this prospectus. Each selling stockholder may be considered “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

We will pay the expenses incurred in registering the shares, including legal and accounting fees. See “Plan of Distribution”.

Since January 23, 2008, our common stock has been quoted on the OTC Markets “OTCQB” marketplace (formerly known as the “OTC Bulletin Board”, and referred to in this prospectus as the “OTC Markets”) under the trading symbol “BLGO.” On April 11, 2024, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the OTC Markets was $0.325.

The securities offered in this prospectus involve a high degree of risk. You should consider the risk factors beginning on page 5 before purchasing our common stock.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Unless otherwise specified, the information in this prospectus is set forth as of , and we anticipate that changes in our affairs will occur after such date. We have not authorized any person to give any information or to make any representations, other than as contained in this prospectus, in connection with the offer contained in this prospectus. If any person gives you any information or makes representations in connection with this offer, do not rely on it as information we have authorized. This prospectus is not an offer to sell our common stock in any state or other jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer.

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

The following summary highlights selected information from this prospectus and may not contain all the information that is important to you. To understand our business and this registration statement fully, you should read this entire prospectus carefully, including the financial statements and the related notes beginning on page 54. When we refer in this prospectus to “BioLargo,” the or our “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our,” we mean (i) BioLargo, Inc., a Delaware corporation; and (ii) its partially or wholly-owned subsidiaries BioLargo Life Technologies, Inc., which holds our intellectual property; ONM Environmental, Inc., which manufactures, markets, sells and distributes our odor and volatile organic compound control products; BioLargo Energy Technologies, Inc. (“BETI”), formed to commercialize our proprietary battery technology; BioLargo Canada, Inc., our primary research and development team operating in Edmonton, Alberta Canada; BioLargo Engineering, Science & Technologies, LLC (“BLEST”), a professional engineering services division in Oak Ridge Tennessee; BioLargo Equipment Solutions & Technologies, Inc., which sells our water treatment products; BioLargo Development Corp., which employs and provides benefits to our employees; and Clyra Medical Technologies, Inc. (“Clyra Medical”), which commercializes our technologies in the medical and dental fields. All subsidiaries are wholly owned, except for BETI, BLEST and Clyra Medical.

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements and information relating to BioLargo. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements” on page 15.

Our Company

BioLargo, Inc. is a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Delaware in 1991. Our common stock is quoted on the OTC Markets OTCQB “Venture Marketplace” under the trading symbol “BLGO”.

Our corporate offices are located at 14921 Chestnut St., Westminster, California 92683. We have a research facility and offices at the University of Alberta in Canada, and our engineering team is located at 105 Fordham Road in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Our telephone number is (888) 400-2863.

Our principal corporate website is www.BioLargo.com. We also maintain a blog at www.BioLargo.blogspot.com. Websites concerning our subsidiaries are www.ONMEnvironmental.com, www.CupriDyne.com, www.ClyraMedical.com, www.BioLargoWater.com, and www.BioLargoEngineering.com. The information on our websites and blog are not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus.

The Offering

This prospectus covers 34,888,449 shares of stock, all of which are offered for sale by the selling stockholders. The shares offered hereby are not yet issued and outstanding but will be issued upon exercise of warrants held by the selling stockholders.

As of the date of this prospectus there were 295,803,576 shares of our common stock outstanding, of which 253,590,994 shares were held by non-affiliates. If all of the 34,888,449 shares offered by the selling stockholders under this prospectus were issued and outstanding as of the date hereof, such shares would represent approximately 10.6% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding and 12.1% of the total number of outstanding shares held by non-affiliates, in each case as of the date hereof.

Issuances of our common stock to the selling stockholders upon the exercise of warrants will not affect the rights or privileges of our existing stockholders, except that the economic and voting interests of each of our existing stockholders will be diluted as a result of any such issuance. Although the number of shares of common stock that our existing stockholders own will not decrease, the shares owned by our existing stockholders will represent a smaller percentage of our total outstanding shares after any such issuances to the selling stockholders.

SECURITIES OFFERED

The warrants were purchased by the selling stockholders in private transactions with the Company whereby each purchased a “unit” comprised of shares of common stock, and two warrants to purchase an equal number of shares of common stock. Of the two warrants, one was issued at 120% of the unit price to expire six months from the date of grant, and the second at 150% the unit price to expire five years from the date of grant. Warrants were issued from May 5, 2020, through January 16, 2024. Exercises prices range from $0.18 to $0.3264. Each warrant may be called by the Company if the shares underlying the warrants are subject to an effective registration statement, and the closing price of the Company’s common stock equals or exceeds two times the exercise price for ten consecutive trading days.

The exercise price of the warrants are as follows:

SUMMARY OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS

BioLargo, Inc. invents, develops, and commercializes innovative platform technologies to solve challenging environmental problems like per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination, advanced water and wastewater treatment, industrial odor and volatile organic compound (VOC) control, air quality control, infection control, and myriad environmental remediation challenges. Having conducted continual and extensive research and development, BioLargo holds a wide array of issued patents, maintains a robust pipeline of products, and provides full-service environmental engineering services.

Our Company operates in four primary locations – odor and VOC control operated out of Orange County, California; engineering services operated out of Oak Ridge, Tennessee; research and support operations in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and medical products, operated out of Tampa, Florida.

Our flagship products are:

Our engineering division offers full service environmental engineering to third parties and provides engineering support services to our internal teams to accelerate the commercialization of our technologies. Located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, the team is highly experienced across multiple industries and considered experts in their respective fields, including chemical engineering, wastewater treatment (including design, operations, data gathering and data evaluation), process safety, energy efficiency, air pollution, design and control, technology evaluation, technology integration, air quality management and testing, engineering management, permitting, industrial hygiene, applied research and development, air testing, environmental permitting, hazard and operability (HAZOP) review, chemical processing, thermal design, computational fluid dynamics, mechanical engineering, mechanical design, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NEPDES) permitting, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) compliance and permitting, project management, storm water design & permitting, computer assisted design (CAD), bench chemistry, continuous emission monitoring system operator, data handling and evaluation and decommissioning and decontamination of radiological and chemical contaminated facilities.

Clyra Medical sells medical products based on our technology. It is launching a product to be used by surgeons generally, with a first target market aimed toward orthopedic surgeons for use as a wound irrigation solution and to help manage patient care and outcomes.

SUMMARY OF RISK FACTORS

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that you should consider before investing in our common stock. Set forth below is a summary of the principal risks we face:

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our common stock is highly speculative, involves a high degree of risk and should be made only by investors who can afford a complete loss. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with the other information in this prospectus, including our financial statements and the related notes, before you decide to buy our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occurs, then our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the trading of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment therein.

Risks relating to our Financial Condition

We have incurred net losses on an annual basis since our inception and may continue to experience losses and negative cash flow in the future.

We have not yet generated enough revenue or gross profit from operations to fund our expenses, and, accordingly, we have incurred net losses every year since our inception. We recorded net loss of $4,648,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, and a net loss of $5,132,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2023, we had $3,539,000 cash and cash equivalents. We have funded the majority of our activities through the issuance of equity securities, both at corporate level and through direct third-party investments in our subsidiaries. Although we are devoting more energy and money to our sales and marketing activities, and our revenues have increased year-over-year for the last eight years, we continue to anticipate net losses and negative cash flow for the foreseeable future. Our ability to reach positive cash flow depends on many factors, including our ability to fund sales and marketing activities, the rate of client adoption of our products, and the efforts and success of third parties, such as Ikigai Marketing Works that sells an odor-control product for pets based on our technology. We may continue to incur losses and experience negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future. If we cannot achieve positive cash flow from operations or net income, we may need to raise additional capital on acceptable terms.

Our cash requirements are significant. We will continue to require additional financing to sustain our operations and without it we may not be able to continue operations.

Our cash requirements and expenses continue to be significant. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we used $2,365,000 cash in operations, and at December 31, 2023, we had working capital of $3,652,000, and current assets of $6,362,000. In order to become profitable, we must significantly increase our revenues. Although our revenues are increasing through sales of our private-label products and from our engineering division, we expect to continue to use cash for the foreseeable future as it becomes available, and expect to continue to need to sell our securities to fund operations.

Our auditor’s report for the year ended December 31, 2023, includes an explanatory paragraph in their audit opinion stating that our recurring losses from operations and working capital deficiency raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We do not currently have sufficient financial resources to fund our operations or those of our subsidiaries. Therefore, we need additional financing to continue these operations.

We have relied on private securities offerings, as well as sales of stock to Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC to provide cash needed to close the gap between operational revenue and expenses. Our ability to rely on private financing may change if the United States enters a recession, if the Dow Industrial Average or Nasdaq composite decline significantly, if interest rates rise, if real estate values decline, if international events affect the global economy, or many other factors that impact private investors’ willingness to invest in high-risk companies. Thus, while we have been able to rely on private investments in the past, we may not be able to do so in the near future.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we received net proceeds of $4,600,000 through sales of our securities, both directly and through our subsidiaries. These sales are dilutive to our existing stockholders, and the stockholders of our subsidiaries. We intend to continue these financing activities, and thus intend to continue to dilute existing and future stockholders.

Our ability to access capital markets could be limited.

From time-to-time, we may need to access capital markets to obtain long-term and short-term financing. However, our ability to access capital markets could be limited or adversely affected by, among other things, the performance of the stock market in general, interest rates, our asset base, our track record in the industries in which we operate, our financial condition, and the health or market perceptions of the US or global economy. In addition, many of the factors that affect our ability to access capital markets, including the liquidity of the overall capital markets in general and the lack of liquidity for our common stock and the state of the economy, among others, are outside of our control. No assurance can be given that we will be able to access capital markets on terms acceptable to us when required to do so, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We expect to incur future losses and may not be able to achieve profitability.

Although we are generating revenue from the sale of our products and from providing services, and we expect to generate revenue from new products we are introducing, and eventually from other license or supply agreements, we anticipate net losses and negative cash flow to continue for the foreseeable future until our products are expanded in the marketplace and they gain broader acceptance by resellers and customers. Our current level of sales is not sufficient to support the financial needs of our business. We cannot predict when or if sales volumes will be sufficiently large to cover our operating expenses. We intend to expand our marketing efforts of our products as financial resources are available, and we intend to continue to expand our research and development efforts. Consequently, we will need to generate significant additional revenue or seek additional financings to fund our operations. This has put a proportionate corresponding demand on capital. Our ability to achieve profitability is dependent upon our efforts to deliver a viable product and our ability to successfully bring it to market, which we are currently pursuing. Although our management is optimistic that we will succeed in licensing our technology, we cannot be certain as to timing or whether we will generate sufficient revenue to be able to operate profitably. If we cannot achieve or sustain profitability, then we may not be able to fund our expected cash needs or continue our operations. If we are not able to devote adequate resources to promote commercialization of our technology, then our business plans will suffer and may fail.  

Because we have limited resources to devote to sales, marketing and licensing efforts with respect to our technology, any delay in such efforts may jeopardize future research and development of technologies and commercialization of our technology. Although our management believes that it can finance commercialization efforts through sales of our securities and possibly other capital sources, if we do not successfully bring our technology to market, our ability to generate revenues will be adversely affected.  

Some of our revenues are dependent on the marketing efforts of third parties.

We manufacture and sell private-labeled products to third parties who market those products to businesses, consumers and retailers. We have no control over the marketing budgets, sales activities or efforts of these third parties. We cannot predict if their current level of efforts will increase, decrease, or stay the same. A significant portion of our revenues - approximately 82% - comes from the sale of private label products. If they curtail their marketing efforts, currently through national television advertising, our sales to them could decrease. If they discontinue their marketing campaign, our sales to them would be significantly reduced.

A significant portion of our revenue is concentrated with one customer selling one product line.

In the year ended December 31, 2023, one customer selling our pet odor control products under a private label accounted for 82% of our total revenue. In the prior year, that one customer made up approximately 50% of our total revenue. A disruption in our relationship with this customer would adversely affect our results of operations. The customer's demand for our products may fluctuate due to factors beyond our control, including their willingness to spend money on advertising, the success of such advertising, their success of selling to retail accounts, and their reliance on the marketing and sale of a single line of products. Any significant reduction in orders from this customer could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Our revenue growth rate may not be indicative of future performance and may slow over time.

Although our revenues have grown over the last several years and in recent quarters, our revenue growth rate may slow over time for a number of reasons, including increasing competition, market saturation, slowing demand for our products and services, increasing regulatory costs and challenges, and failure to capitalize on growth opportunities.

We do not have contracts with customers that require the purchase of a minimum amount of our products.

Very few of our customers provide us with firm, long-term or short-term volume purchase commitments. As a result, we could have periods during which we have no or limited orders for our products but will continue to have fixed costs. We may not be able to find new customers in a timely manner if we experience no or limited purchase orders. Periods of no or limited purchase orders for our products would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Supply Chain Challenges

As we emerge with new products like our AEC and AOS water treatment systems, and battery storage systems, we may face supply chain challenges, including supply and pricing volatility, that will be beyond our control that might include steel, electrodes, membranes, electronic components (like chips), raw chemicals. We predict that at some level we may face delays and or extended delivery times for systems sold to clients and that could lead to delays in our anticipated growth.

We need to outsource and rely on third parties for the manufacture of the chemicals, material components or delivery apparatus used in our technology and products, and part of our future success will be dependent on the timeliness and effectiveness of the efforts of these third parties.

We do not have the required financial and human resources or capability to manufacture the chemicals necessary to make our odor control products. Our business model calls for the outsourcing of the manufacture of these chemicals in order to reduce our capital and infrastructure costs as a means of potentially improving our financial position and the profitability of our business. Accordingly, we must enter into agreements with other companies that can assist us and provide certain capabilities, including sourcing and manufacturing, which we do not possess. We may not be successful in entering into such alliances on favorable terms or at all. Even if we do succeed in securing such agreements, we may not be able to maintain them. Furthermore, any delay in entering into agreements could delay the development and commercialization of our technology or reduce its competitiveness even if it reaches the market. Any such delay related to such future agreements could adversely affect our business.  While we were able to secure materials and supplies like plastic containers through the COVID-19 crisis, we have not assurances that our ability to purchase in large quantities on a continual basis.

If any party to which we have outsourced certain functions fails to perform its obligations under agreements with us, the commercialization of our technology could be delayed or curtailed.

To the extent that we rely on other companies to manufacture the chemicals used in our technology, our products, or sell or market products incorporating our technology, we will be dependent on the timeliness and effectiveness of their efforts. If any of these parties does not perform its obligations in a timely and effective manner, the commercialization of our technology could be delayed or curtailed because we may not have sufficient financial resources or capabilities to continue such efforts on our own.

We rely on a small number of key supply ingredients in order to manufacture our odor control products, including CupriDyne Clean and our private-label products.

The raw ingredients used to manufacture our liquid odor control products are readily available from multiple suppliers. However, commodity prices for these ingredients can vary significantly, and the margins that we are able to generate could decline if prices rise. If our manufacturing costs rise significantly, we may be forced to raise the prices for our products, which may reduce their acceptance in the marketplace. Given the current delays in supply chain delivery on a global scale, we are anticipating and developing strategies to manage the expected increases in our cost of raw goods and potential supply limitations which could impact our business and results of operations.

If our technology or products incorporating our technology do not gain market acceptance, it is unlikely that we will become profitable.

The potential markets for products into which our technology can be incorporated are rapidly evolving, and we have many successful competitors including some of the largest and most well-established companies in the world. The commercial success of products incorporating our technology will depend on the adoption of our technology by commercial and consumer end users in various fields.

Market acceptance may depend on many factors, including:

If products incorporating our technology do not achieve a significant level of market acceptance, then demand for our technology itself may not develop as expected, and, in such event, it is unlikely that we will become profitable.

If we are not able to manage our anticipated growth effectively, we may not become profitable.

We anticipate that expansion will continue to be necessary to address potential market opportunities for our technologies and our products. Our existing infrastructure is limited. While we believe our current manufacturing processes as well as our office and warehousing provide the basic resources to expand to sales of more than $2 million per month, our infrastructure will need more staffing to support manufacturing, customer service, administration as well as sales/account executive functions. There can be no assurance that we will have the financial resources to create new infrastructure, or that any such infrastructure will be sufficiently scalable to manage future growth, if any. There also can be no assurance that, if we invest in additional infrastructure, we will be effective in expanding our operations or that our systems, procedures or controls will be adequate to support such expansion. In addition, we will need to provide additional sales and support services to our partners if we achieve our anticipated growth with respect to the sale of our technology for various applications. Failure to effectively manage an increase in customer demands could result in a material adverse effect on customer satisfaction, our ability to meet our contractual obligations, and our operating results.  

Some of the products incorporating our technology will require regulatory approval.

The products in which our technology may be incorporated have both regulated and non-regulated applications. The regulatory approvals for certain applications may be difficult, impossible, time consuming and/or expensive to obtain. While our Company management believes such approvals can be obtained for the applications contemplated, until those approvals from the FDA or the EPA or other regulatory bodies, at the federal and state levels, as may be required are obtained, we may not be able to generate commercial revenues for regulated products. Certain specific regulated applications and their use require highly technical analysis and additional third-party validation and will require regulatory approvals from organizations like the FDA. Certain applications may also be subject to additional state and local agency regulations, increasing the cost and time associated with commercial strategies. Additionally, most products incorporating our technology that may be sold in the European Union (“EU”) will require EU and possibly individual country’s regulatory approval. All such approvals, including additional testing, are time-consuming, expensive and do not have assured outcomes of ultimate regulatory approval. 

Our internal controls are not effective.

We have determined that our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting are currently not effective. The lack of effective internal controls, has not yet, but could in the future, materially adversely affect our financial condition and ability to implement our business plan, and the accuracy of our consolidated financial statements. As more financial resources become available, we need to invest in additional personnel to better manage the financial reporting processes.

If we lose our key personnel or are unable to attract and retain additional personnel, we may be unable to achieve profitability.

Our future success is substantially dependent on the efforts of our senior management, particularly Dennis P. Calvert, our president and chief executive officer. The loss of the services of Mr. Calvert or other members of our senior management may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of product development and other business objectives. Because of the scientific nature of our business, we heavily rely on our ability to attract and retain qualified marketing, scientific and technical personnel. There is intense competition among specialized and technologically-oriented companies for qualified personnel in the areas of our activities. If we lose the services of, or do not successfully recruit, key marketing, scientific and technical personnel, then the growth of our business could be substantially impaired. At present, we do not maintain key man insurance for any of our senior management, although management is evaluating the potential of securing this type of insurance in the future as may be available. As we expand the scope of our operations, we will need to obtain the full-time services of additional senior management and other personnel. Competition for highly-skilled personnel is intense, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to attract or retain qualified senior personnel. Our failure to do so could have an adverse effect on our ability to implement our business plan. As we add full-time senior personnel, our overhead expenses for salaries and related items will increase from current levels and, depending upon the number of personnel we hire and their compensation packages, these increases could be substantial.

Nondisclosure agreements with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information.

In order to protect our proprietary technology and processes, we rely in part on nondisclosure agreements with our employees, potential licensing partners, potential manufacturing partners, testing facilities, universities, consultants, agents and other organizations to which we disclose our proprietary information. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover trade secrets and proprietary information, and in such cases we could not assert any trade secret rights against such parties. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position. Since we rely on trade secrets and nondisclosure agreements, in addition to patents, to protect some of our intellectual property, there is a risk that third parties may obtain and improperly utilize our proprietary information to our competitive disadvantage. We may not be able to detect unauthorized use or take appropriate and timely steps to enforce our intellectual property rights. 

We may become subject to product liability claims.

As a business that manufactures and markets products for use by consumers and institutions, we may become liable for any damage caused by our products, whether used in the manner intended or not. Any such claim of liability, whether meritorious or not, could be time-consuming and/or result in costly litigation. Although we maintain general liability insurance, our insurance may not cover potential claims of the types described above and may not be adequate to indemnify for all liabilities that may be imposed. Any imposition of liability that is not covered by insurance or is in excess of insurance coverage could harm our business and operating results, and you may lose some or all of any investment you have made, or may make, in our company. 

Litigation or the actions of regulatory authorities may harm our business or otherwise distract our management.

Substantial, complex or extended litigation could cause us to incur major expenditures and distract our management. For example, lawsuits by employees, former employees, investors, stockholders, partners, customers or others, or actions taken by regulatory authorities, could be very costly and substantially disrupt our business. As a result of our financing activities over time, and by virtue of the number of people that have invested in our company, we face increased risk of lawsuits from investors. Such lawsuits or actions could from time to time be filed against our company and/or our executive officers and directors. Such lawsuits and actions are not uncommon, and we cannot assure you that we will always be able to resolve such disputes or actions on terms favorable to our company.

If we suffer negative publicity concerning the safety or efficacy of our products, our sales may be harmed.

If concerns should arise about the safety or efficacy of any of our products that are marketed, regardless of whether or not such concerns have a basis in generally accepted science or peer-reviewed scientific research, such concerns could adversely affect the market for those products. Similarly, negative publicity could result in an increased number of product liability claims, whether or not those claims are supported by applicable law.

Our revenues and operating results are likely to continue to fluctuate from quarter to quarter.

We believe that our future operating results will fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including:

Although our revenues have increased year-over-year for the past nine years, much of our revenue is dependent upon the activities of third parties, which are out of our control. We expect our operating expenses will continue to fluctuate significantly in future periods, as we continue to develop and introduce new products to market, and increase our sales, marketing and licensing efforts. Moreover, our operating results in some quarters may not meet the expectations of stock market analysts and investors; in that case, our stock price could decline.

The licensing of our technology or the manufacture, use or sale of products incorporating our technology may infringe on the patent rights of others, and we may be forced to litigate if an intellectual property dispute arises.

If we infringe or are alleged to have infringed another party’s patent rights, we may be required to seek a license, defend an infringement action or challenge the validity of the patents in court. Patent litigation is costly and time consuming. We may not have sufficient resources to bring these actions to a successful conclusion. In addition, if we do not obtain a license, do not successfully defend an infringement action or are unable to have infringed patents declared invalid, we may:

Parties making such claims may be able to obtain injunctive relief that could effectively block our company’s ability to further develop or commercialize our current and proposed product candidates in the United States and abroad and could result in the award of substantial damages. Defense of any lawsuit or failure to obtain any such license could substantially harm our company. Litigation, regardless of outcome, could result in substantial cost to, and a diversion of efforts by, our company.

Our patents are expensive to maintain, our patent applications are expensive to prosecute, and thus we are unable to file for patent protection in many countries.

Our ability to compete effectively will depend in part on our ability to develop and maintain proprietary aspects of our technology and either to operate without infringing the proprietary rights of others or to obtain rights to technology owned by third parties. Pending patent applications relating to our technology may not result in the issuance of any patents or any issued patents that will offer protection against competitors with similar technology. We must employ patent attorneys to prosecute our patent applications both in the United States and internationally. International patent protection requires the retention of patent counsel and the payment of patent application fees in each foreign country in which we desire patent protection, on or before filing deadlines set forth by the International Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”). We therefore choose to file patent applications only in foreign countries where we believe the commercial opportunities require it, considering our available financial resources and the needs for our technology. This has resulted, and will continue to result, in the irrevocable loss of patent rights in all but a few foreign jurisdictions.

Patents we receive may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented in the future, or the rights created by those patents may not provide a competitive advantage. We also rely on trade secrets, technical know-how and continuing invention to develop and maintain our competitive position. Others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets.

We are subject to risks related to future business outside of the United States.

Over time, we may develop business relationships outside of North America, and as those efforts are pursued, we will face risks related to those relationships such as:

The volatility of certain raw material costs may adversely affect operations and competitive price advantages for products that incorporate our technology.

Most of the chemicals and other key materials that we use in our business, such as minerals, fiber materials and packaging materials, are neither generally scarce nor price sensitive, but prices for such chemicals and materials can be cyclical. Supply and demand factors, which are beyond our control, generally affect the price of our raw materials. We try to minimize the effect of price increases through production efficiency and the use of alternative suppliers, but these efforts are limited by the size of our operations. If we are unable to minimize the effects of increased raw material costs, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be materially adversely affected.

Certain of our product sales historically have been highly impacted by fluctuations in seasons and weather.

Industrial odor control products have proven highly effective in controlling VOCs that are released as vapors produced by decomposing waste material. Such vapors are produced with the highest degree of intensity in temperatures between 40 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees Celsius) and 140 degrees Fahrenheit (60 degrees Celsius). When weather patterns are cold or in times of precipitation, our clients are less prone to use our odor control products, presumably because such vapors are less noticeable or, in the case of precipitation, can be washed away or altered. This leads to unpredictability in use and sales patterns for, especially, our CupriDyne Clean product line which accounts for over one-half our total sales.

There may be battery technologies that we are not aware of, and some of them may be subject to patent applications.

We may not be aware of technologies that are similar or identical to our liquid sodium battery. We may not be aware of patent applications that have been filed that may include claims that are similar or identical to portions of our liquid sodium battery or our manufacturing process. No assurance can be made that our liquid sodium battery, or our proprietary manufacturing process, does not infringe on the intellectual property rights of third parties. If our technology or manufacturing process infringes on the intellectual property rights of third parties, we may be subject to litigation, or required to pay royalties, to such third parties, and our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

We expect to face strong competition for our products from a growing list of established and new competitors.

The worldwide battery market is highly competitive today and we expect it will become even more so in the future. For example, Tesla is one of the largest companies in the United States as measured by its market capitalization, and sells lithium-ion batteries for grid-scale applications, commercial and home storage, as well as in its vehicles. There are many other well capitalized and established companies that manufacture and/or sell batteries. Many of the companies have significantly greater or better-established resources than we do to devote to the design, development, manufacturing, distribution, promotion, sale and support of their products. This competition may prevent us from entering the marketplace, or if we do, may prevent us from establishing market share.

There may not be a market for our liquid sodium battery.

While we believe that there will be customer demand for our liquid sodium battery provided that we are able to prove its competitive advantages, there is no assurance that there will be any market acceptance of it, or any broad market acceptance. There also may not be broad market acceptance of our liquid sodium battery if competitors offer batteries which are preferred by prospective customers. In such event, there may be a material adverse effect on the company’s results of operations and financial condition, and the company may not be able to achieve its goals.

Business disruptions could seriously harm our future revenue and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses.

Our operations, and those of our contractors and consultants, could be subject to pandemics, earthquakes, power shortages, telecommunications failures, water shortages, floods, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, medical epidemics, acts of terrorism, acts of war and other natural or man-made disasters or business interruptions, for which we are predominantly self-insured. The occurrence of any of these business disruptions could seriously harm our operations and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. We rely in part on third-party manufacturers to produce and process our products or the raw materials used to make our products. Our ability to obtain supplies of our products or raw materials could be disrupted if the operations of these suppliers are affected by a man-made or natural disaster, pandemics, epidemics, or other business interruption. Our corporate headquarters and offices of ONM are in Southern California near major earthquake faults and fire zones. Our operations and financial condition could suffer in the event of a major earthquake, fire or other natural disaster.

General Risks

Increased information technology security threats and more sophisticated computer crime pose a risk to us and our subsidiaries, vendors, systems, networks, products and services.

We rely upon information technology systems and networks in connection with a variety of business activities, some of which are managed by third parties (which we refer to collectively as our “associated third parties”). Additionally, we and our associated third parties collect and store data that is of a sensitive nature, which may include names and addresses, bank account or financial information, and other types of personally identifiable information or sensitive business information. The secure operation of these information technology systems and networks, and the processing and maintenance of this data is critical to our business operations and strategy. 

We may face attempts to gain unauthorized access to our information technology systems or products or those of our associated third parties for the purpose of improperly acquiring trade secrets or confidential business information. The theft or unauthorized use or publication of our trade secrets and other confidential business information as a result of such an incident could adversely affect our competitive position and the value of our investment in research and development.

Threats to our systems and our associated third parties’ systems can derive from human error, fraud, or malice on the part of employees or third parties, or may result from accidental technological failure. Globally, these types of threats have increased in number and severity and it is expected that these trends will continue. These threats pose a risk to the security of our systems and networks and the confidentiality, availability and integrity of our data. Should an attack on our or our associated third parties’ information technology systems and networks succeed, it could expose us and our employees, customers, dealers and suppliers to misuse of information or systems, the compromising of confidential information, manipulation and destruction of data, production downtimes and operations disruptions.

The occurrence of any of these events could adversely affect our reputation, competitive position, business, results of operations and cash flows. While we have a cybersecurity program expenses, damages and claims arising from cybersecurity incidents cause a material adverse effect on our business. See Part I. Item 1C. Cybersecurity for additional details on our cybersecurity program.

Because of high inflation and increased Federal Reserve interest rates in response, and world events, the effect on the capital markets and the economy is uncertain, and we may have to deal with a recessionary economy and economic uncertainty.

Certain events have affected the global and United States economy including continued inflation, Federal Reserve interest rate increases in response, substantial increases in the prices of oil and gas, dramatic declines in the capital markets, and world events such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and other world power’s developing response to the invasion. The duration of Russia’s war and its impact are at best uncertain. The economy appears to be headed into a recession with uncertain and potentially severe impacts upon public companies and us. We cannot predict how this will affect the market for our products and services, but the impact may be adverse.

The global banking system has recently come under increased pressure and uncertainty about every bank’s ability to maintain solvency in times of crisis and when a ‘run on the bank’ occurs. While the US Government has taken action to stabilize the current banking situation, it is not possible to predict the future and the psychology of the market can be fickle and unpredictable. Our company is not exposed to the risk associated with smaller regional banks like Silicon Valley Bank, but we do maintain balances in excess of the $250,000 FDIC insurance level, at large money center banks and as such should the actions taken by the US Government fail to mitigate the situation, impacts could extend to the largest banks in the world, including ours.

A recession in the United States may affect our business.

If the U.S. economy were to contract into a recession or depression, our existing clients, and potential future clients, may divert their resources to other goods and services, and our business may suffer.

Risks Relating to our Common Stock

The sale or issuance of our common stock to Lincoln Park may cause dilution, and the sale of the shares of common stock acquired by Lincoln Park, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause the price of our common stock to fall.

On December 13, 2022, we entered into a Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park ("LPC Agreement"), pursuant to which Lincoln Park agreed to purchase from us at our request up to an aggregate of $10,000,000 of our common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over a period of three years. We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of our shares to Lincoln Park. Sales of our common stock, if any, to Lincoln Park will depend on market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to Lincoln Park all, some or none of the shares of our common stock that may be available for us to sell pursuant to the LPC Agreement. If and when we do sell shares to Lincoln Park, after Lincoln Park has acquired the shares, Lincoln Park may resell all, some or none of those shares at any time or from time to time at its discretion. Therefore, sales to Lincoln Park by us could result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our common stock, as well as sales of our stock by Lincoln Park into the open market causing fluctuations or reductions in the price of our common stock. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock to Lincoln Park, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise desire to effect sales.

Our common stock is thinly traded and largely illiquid.

Our stock is currently quoted on the OTC Markets (OTCQB). Being quoted on the OTCQB has made it more difficult to buy or sell our stock and from time to time has led to a significant decline in the frequency of trades and trading volume. Continued trading on the OTCQB will also likely adversely affect our ability to obtain financing in the future due to the decreased liquidity of our shares and other restrictions that certain investors have for investing in OTCQB traded securities. While we intend to seek listing on the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) or another national stock exchange when our company is eligible, there can be no assurance when or if our common stock will be listed on Nasdaq or another national stock exchange.

The market price of our stock is subject to volatility.

Our stock price has been and is likely to continue to be volatile. As a result of this volatility, investors may not be able to sell their common stock at or above their purchase price. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

You may have difficulty selling our stock because it is deemed a “penny stock” and not quoted on a national exchange.

Because our common stock is not quoted or listed on a national securities exchange, if the trading price of our common stock remains below $5.00 per share, which we expect for the foreseeable future, trading in our common stock will be subject to the requirements of certain rules promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which require additional disclosure by broker-dealers in connection with any trades involving a stock defined as a penny stock (generally, any non-Nasdaq equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions). Such rules require the delivery, before any penny stock transaction, of a disclosure schedule explaining the penny stock market and the risks associated therewith and impose various sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell penny stocks to persons other than established customers and accredited investors (generally defined as an investor with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual income exceeding $200,000 individually or $300,000 together with a spouse). For these types of transactions, the broker-dealer must make a special suitability determination for the purchaser and have received the purchaser’s written consent to the transaction before the sale. The broker-dealer also must disclose the commissions payable to the broker-dealer and current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock and, if the broker-dealer is the sole market-maker, the broker-dealer must disclose this fact and the broker-dealer’s presumed control over the market. Such information must be provided to the customer orally or in writing before or with the written confirmation of trade sent to the customer. Monthly statements must be sent disclosing recent price information for the penny stock held in the account and information on the limited market in penny stocks. The additional burdens imposed on broker-dealers by such requirements could discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our common stock, which could severely limit the market liquidity of our common stock and the ability of holders of our common stock to sell their shares. 

Because our shares are deemed a “penny stock,” rules enacted by FINRA make it difficult to sell previously restricted stock.

Rules put in place by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) require broker-dealers to perform due diligence before depositing unrestricted common shares of penny stocks, and as such, some broker-dealers, including many large national firms (such as eTrade and Charles Schwab), are refusing to deposit previously restricted common shares of penny stocks. We routinely issued non-registered restricted common shares to investors, vendors and consultants. The issuance of such shares is subjected to the FINRA-enacted rules. As such, it can be difficult for holders of restricted stock, including those issued in our private securities offerings, to deposit the shares with broker-dealers and sell those shares on the open market.

Because we will not pay dividends in the foreseeable future, stockholders will only benefit from owning common stock if it appreciates.

We have never declared or paid a cash dividend to stockholders. We intend to retain any earnings that may be generated in the future to finance operations. Accordingly, any potential investor who anticipates the need for current dividends from his investment should not purchase our common stock, and must rely on the benefit of owning shares, and presumably a rise in share price. We cannot predict the future price of our stock, and due to the factors enumerated herein, can make no assurance of a future increase in the price of our common stock.

We regularly issue stock, or stock options, instead of cash, to pay some of our operating expenses. These issuances are dilutive to our existing stockholders.

We are party to agreements that provide for the payment of, or permit us to pay at our option, securities rather than cash in consideration for services provided to us. We include these provisions in agreements to allow us to preserve cash. We anticipate that we will continue to do so in the future. All such issuances preserve our cash reserve but are also dilutive to our stockholders because they increase (and will increase in the future) the total number of shares of our common stock issued and outstanding, even though such arrangements assist us with managing our cash flow. These issuances also increase the expense amount recorded.

Our stockholders face further potential dilution in any new financing.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we issued approximately 14.5 million shares of common stock. Our private securities offerings typically offer convertible securities, including notes and warrants. Those warrants often include provisions that require investors to pay for the underlying shares with cash, which if executed would generate working capital for the company. Any additional capital that we raise would dilute the interest of the current stockholders and any persons who may become stockholders before such financing. Given the price of our common stock, such dilution in any financing of a significant amount could be substantial.

Our stockholders face further potential adverse effects from the terms of any preferred stock that may be issued in the future.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes 50 million shares of preferred stock. None are outstanding as of the date hereof. In order to raise capital to meet expenses or to acquire a business, our board of directors may issue additional stock, including preferred stock. Any preferred stock that we may issue may have voting rights, liquidation preferences, redemption rights and other rights, preferences and privileges. The rights of the holders of our common stock will be subject to, and in many respects subordinate to, the rights of the holders of any such preferred stock. Furthermore, such preferred stock may have other rights, including economic rights, senior to our common stock that could have a material adverse effect on the value of our common stock. Preferred stock, while providing desirable flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, can also have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding voting stock, thereby delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company.  

Risks Related to Privacy, Cybersecurity, and Our Technology

Our business involves the use, transmission and storage of confidential information, and the failure to properly safeguard such information could result in significant reputational harm.

We may at times collect, store, and transmit information of, or on behalf of, our clients that may include certain types of confidential information that may be considered personal or sensitive, and that are subject to laws that apply to data breaches. We believe that we take reasonable steps to protect the security, integrity, and confidentiality of the information we collect and store, but there is no guarantee that inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure will not occur or that third parties will not gain unauthorized access to this information despite our efforts to protect this information, including through a cyber-attack that circumvents existing security measures and compromises the data that we store. If such unauthorized disclosure or access does occur, we may be required to notify persons whose information was disclosed or accessed. Most states have enacted data breach notification laws and, in addition to federal laws that apply to certain types of information, such as financial information, federal legislation has been proposed that would establish broader federal obligations with respect to data breaches. We may also be subject to claims of breach of contract for such unauthorized disclosure or access, investigation and penalties by regulatory authorities and potential claims by persons whose information was disclosed. The unauthorized disclosure of information, or a cyber-security incident involving data that we store, may result in the termination of one or more of our commercial relationships or a reduction in client confidence and usage of our services. We may also be subject to litigation alleging the improper use, transmission, or storage of confidential information, which could damage our reputation among our current and potential clients and cause us to lose business and revenue.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

All statements, other than statements of historical fact, included in this prospectus regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects and plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “projects,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words.

We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. Although we believe that the expectations underlying our forward-looking statements are reasonable, these expectations may prove to be incorrect, and all of these statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. We have included important risks and uncertainties in the cautionary statements included in this prospectus, particularly the section titled “Risk Factors” incorporated by reference herein. We believe these risks and uncertainties could cause actual results or events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements that we make. Should one or more of these risks and uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions, projections or expectations prove incorrect, actual results, performance or financial condition may vary materially and adversely from those anticipated, estimated or expected. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments that we may make. We do not assume any obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In the light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this prospectus may not occur, and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this prospectus is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made.

USE OF PROCEEDS

This prospectus relates to shares of our common stock that may be offered and sold from time to time by the selling stockholders upon exercise of outstanding warrants to purchase common stock. We will receive no proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock by the selling stockholders in this offering. We may receive up to $9,022,461 in aggregate gross proceeds upon exercise of the underlying warrants, expect our offering expenses to total $72,461, and expect our net offering proceeds to be $8,950,000.

We expect to use any proceeds that we receive from the exercise of the warrants to help fund the engineering, scale-up and commercialization of our technologies and products, including our battery and AEC PFAS-removal system; development of new products; marketing, sales and working capital for our subsidiaries; working capital for our engineering division; working capital for our research and development work; and working capital for our corporate operations.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid a cash dividend to stockholders. We intend to retain any earnings that may be generated in the future to finance operations.

CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our actual cash and cash equivalents (in thousands) and our capitalization as of December 31, 2023, and as adjusted (unaudited) to give effect to the sale of the shares offered hereby and the use of proceeds, as described in the section titled “Use of Proceeds” above.

You should read this information in conjunction with “Managements’ Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

DILUTION

The net tangible book value of our Company as of December 31, 2023, was $3,110,000, or approximately $0.011 per share of common stock. Net tangible book value per share is determined by dividing the net tangible book value of our Company (total tangible assets less total liabilities) by the number of outstanding shares of our common stock.

Assuming net proceeds of $8,950,000 from the sale of shares to the selling stockholders pursuant to the warrants, our adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2023, would have been $12,060,000 or $0.037 per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $0.026 per share to existing stockholders.

MARKET PRICE OF AND DIVIDENDS ON COMMON EQUITY

AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Market Information

Since January 23, 2008, our common stock has been quoted on the OTC Markets “OTCQB” marketplace (formerly known as the “OTC Bulletin Board”) under the trading symbol “BLGO”. The OTCQB is a regulated quotation service that displays real-time quotes, last-sale prices and volume information in over-the-counter equity securities. The OTCQB securities are traded by a community of market makers that enter quotes and trade reports. This market is limited in comparison to the national stock exchanges and any prices quoted may not be a reliable indication of the value of our common stock. Any over-the-counter market quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.

The table below represents the quarterly high and low closing prices of our common stock for the last two fiscal years as reported by Yahoo Finance.

The closing price for our common stock on April 11, 2024, was $0.325 per share.

Holders

As of the date of this prospectus, there were approximately 600 registered holders of our common stock. This does not include beneficial owners.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid cash dividends to our stockholders. We intend to retain any earnings that may be generated in the future to finance operations.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

Equity Compensation Plan Information as of December 31, 2023

2018 Equity Incentive Plan

On June 22, 2018, our stockholders adopted the BioLargo 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (“2018 Plan”) as a means of providing our directors, key employees and consultants additional incentive to provide services. Both stock options and stock grants may be made under this plan for a period of 10 years. It is set to expire on its terms on June 22, 2028. Our Board of Director’s Compensation Committee administers this plan. As plan administrator, the Compensation Committee has sole discretion to set the price of the options. The plan authorizes the following types of awards: (i) incentive and non-qualified stock options, (ii) restricted stock awards, (iii) stock bonus awards, (iv) stock appreciation rights, (v) restricted stock units, and (vi) performance awards. The total number of shares reserved and available for awards pursuant to this Plan as of the date of adoption of this 2018 Plan by the Board is 40 million shares. The number of shares available to be issued under the 2018 Plan increases automatically each January 1st by the lesser of (a) two million shares, or (b) such number of shares determined by our Board. As of December 31, 2023, 50,000,000 shares are authorized under the plan.

2007 Equity Incentive Plan

On September 7, 2007, and as amended April 29, 2011, the BioLargo, Inc. 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (“2007 Plan”) was adopted as a means of providing our directors, key employees and consultants additional incentive to provide services. Both stock options and stock grants may be made under this plan for a period of 10 years, which expired on September 7, 2017. The Board’s Compensation Committee administers this plan. As plan administrator, the Compensation Committee has sole discretion to set the price of the options. As of September 2017, the Plan was closed to further stock option grants.

Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders

In addition to the 2018 and 2007 Equity Plans, our board of directors has approved a plan for employees, consultants and vendors that do not otherwise qualify for issuance under the 2018 Equity Plan by which outstanding amounts owed to them by our Company may be converted to common stock or options to purchase common stock. The conversion and exercise price is based on the closing price of our common stock on the date of agreement. If an option is issued, the number of shares purchasable by the option is calculated by dividing the amount owed by the exercise price, times one and one-half.

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

BioLargo is in the business of creating new cleantech technologies to solve tough, globally relevant problems. We invent, develop, then commercialize disruptive technologies to tackle challenges in air quality, water, environmental engineering, battery energy storage, and advanced antimicrobial medical device platforms. Our model is to invent new technologies that solve specific problems, develop them and prove they work, and then commercialize them with purpose-suited subsidiaries, identify and secure the right partnerships to increase their commercial reach, or potentially sell the intellectual property.

Why do we do this work? Every member of our team – including PhD scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs – has a passion for seeking new, never-before-seen innovations that can make life better around the world. We care about safeguarding the environment and human health for future generations. We care about making technologies that are affordable and flexible enough to be accessed around the world. And we care about being the best at what we do – creating best-in-class technologies to solve big, tough cleantech challenges.

Some of our areas of focus include environmental problems like PFAS contamination, water pollution by pharmaceuticals and micropollutants, air pollution by VOCs, hard-to-treat odors from landfills and sewage plants, infection and wound healing and the creation of energy storage systems that are more affordable, efficient, safer and environmentally friendly.

Below you’ll read about the cleantech ventures and projects we are focused on commercialization today. Behind those, however, is a pipeline of other cleantech innovations in various stages of development associated with our expansive array of issued and pending patents, and that have been funded in part by over 90 government grants.

We operate our business in distinct business segments:

Odor Control (Consumer and Industrial)

ONM Environmental, Inc. is BioLargo’s wholly-owned subsidiary that delivers robust and comprehensive products and services to control and mitigate odor and VOCs for both industrial and consumer applications.

Its flagship product – CupriDyne Clean – is applied to odor-emitting masses such as landfills and composting facilities by misting systems, sprayers, water trucks and similar water delivery systems designed, manufactured and installed by ONM. It is also sold to third parties under private label brands, including for consumer brands such as the “Pooph pet odor eliminator".

Pooph - Consumer Private-Label Products 

We sell privately labeled products based on our technologies to third parties who market and sell the products under their own brand names. The most successful thus far is the Pooph branded pet odor control product sold directly to consumers and to national retailers including Walmart, Amazon, and Chewy.com by Pooph Inc. In addition to purchasing product from us at an agreed-upon manufacturing margin, Pooph Inc. pays us six percent royalty on their sales in exchange for exclusive rights to our technology for pet odors. During the year ended December 31, 2023, revenues from sales to Pooph comprised 82% of our company-wide revenue.

The success of Pooph is an example of our goal to develop distribution channels that do not rely on our in-house sales and distribution infrastructure. We continue to explore potential partnerships and products along these lines with other parties, and to support existing private label products.

Industrial Odor and VOC Solutions

We believe CupriDyne Clean is the number-one performing industrial odor-control product in the market, and that it offers substantial savings to our customers compared with competing products. We have been and expect to continue selling product to municipalities and some of the largest solid waste handling companies in the country, with a portion of chemistry product sales resulting from national purchasing agreements (NPAs). ONM Environmental continues to focus on securing more contracts with existing customers and developing business with new customers. ONM Environmental holds General Engineering, Electrical, Plumbing and Low Voltage contractor licenses issued by the California Contractors State License Board, and offers a menu of services to landfills, transfer stations, wastewater treatment facilities as well as facilities in non-waste related industries. These services include engineering design, construction, installation, ongoing maintenance and on-site support services to assist our clients in the implementation and continued use of the various systems that deliver our liquid products in the field (such as misting systems).

South Korean Joint Venture

Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, we partnered with a leading wastewater treatment solution provider based in South Korea in a joint venture to commercialize our CupriDyne Clean products in South Korea. We own 40% of the joint venture. Although the joint venture established manufacturing and is marketing the product, the pandemic significantly impacted the expected growth of the company. While the local management team continues to market the product to industrial clients, their efforts have struggled to gain a foothold. We are not obligated to contribute additional funds to the venture, and cannot predict its future success. 

BioLargo Equipment Solutions & Technologies – Innovative Water Treatment Solutions

Over the years, we have developed multiple innovative technologies and equipment platforms that focus on challenging issues in the water treatment industry, including the AOS technology (developed to remove micro-pollutants), the AEC (developed to remove PFAS from water), and the AROS water reuse technology (co-developed with Garratt-Callahan). As a result of increase in interest from potential customers for our PFAS solutions, we believe we will be better able to serve this market with a uniform identity and operating unit called BioLargo Equipment Solutions & Technologies, Inc. (“BEST”), which will manage the sales and distribution of our water treatment products and related services. As we transition this venture from incubation to commercialization, we are focusing staff and resources we believe necessary for success. Ultimately, BEST will be reflected as a new operating segment in our consolidated financial statements.

In February, 2024, three respected and experienced veterans of the water industry joined BEST’s board of directors to assist the company in its efforts to commercialize its innovative water treatment technologies. These are: 1) Jeffrey Kightlinger, former CEO of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 2) Sally Gutierrez, retired career senior executive from the US Environmental Protection Agency, and 3) Larry Dick, former Vice Chairman of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California and board member of the Municipal Water District of Orange County. Each brings their significant and distinctive experience from decades in the water industry to BEST’s board to help the company create the necessary regulatory and industry connections that will be critical for its efforts to secure larger and more high-profile projects for its PFAS treatment and other water treatment technologies.

Securing sales in the water and wastewater industry is a very technically intensive process, and can be long and arduous. The entirety of the sales cycle can be lengthy, in some cases even taking many months or in very large projects, multiple years. The process is also very engineering-intensive, and therefore the staff required to secure contracts for water treatment projects need to be engineers, in most cases. In our company, BLEST’s engineers fill this role.

Having secured its first contract to install an AEC system to remove PFAS from drinking water, BLEST has been actively in scoping and bidding water treatment projects for over a year and as a result has developed a substantial pipeline of potential projects in which customers indicate a high level of interest. In addition, BLEST regularly receives inquiries for new projects in development through the company’s network of manufacturer’s sales representatives. It is important to note that additional staffing is needed to meet what we believe is, and will continue to be a rapidly escalating level of customer interest in our solutions. Although BEST is primarily focused on AEC, AROS and AOS, discussed below, it offers comprehensive water treatment solutions, related equipment, and services, some of which may be manufactured by third parties and sold by BEST as an authorized distributor. The AEC, AROS and AOS are discussed in the following sections.

AEC, a solution for the PFAS “forever-chemicals” crisis

One of the most significant and timely innovations in our portfolio is our PFAS removal and collection/disposal solution we call the Aqueous Electrostatic Concentrator (AEC), a novel water treatment system that removes PFAS from water at a lower operating cost while generating only a fraction of the PFAS-laden waste of the most common currently used solutions (carbon filtration, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis). According to the Center for Disease Control, PFAS are a group of chemicals used to make fluoropolymer coatings and products that resist heat, oil, stains, grease, and water. Fluoropolymer coatings can be in a variety of products. These include clothing, furniture, adhesives, food packaging, heat-resistant non-stick cooking surfaces, and the insulation of electrical wire. PFAS are a concern because they do not break down in the environment, can move through soils and contaminate drinking water sources, and build up (bioaccumulate) in fish and wildlife. PFAS chemicals have been linked to cancer, immune disorders, liver dysfunction, and many other human health problems, and are contained in a vast range of manufactured goods, common household products (e.g., cleaning products, cookware), and electronics, and contaminate drinking water in unsafe levels all over the globe.

On April 10, 2024, the EPA announced the final National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (NPDWR) setting maximum contaminant levels for six PFAS chemicals as low as four parts per trillion in drinking water – a standard our AEC has been shown to meet in pilot studies - as well as setting a "hazard index level" for a combination of two or more specific PFAS chemicals.  These new rules build on a surge in environmental and health concerns surrounding PFAS that is propelling market demand for PFAS treatment solutions. Shifting regulatory landscapes globally is compelling industries to adopt stringent PFAS was management practices, which include the application of innovative technologies such as our AEC. With the EPA setting a "hazard index level" for a combination of PFAS chemicals, we expect the market to skew toward seeking treatment technologies that produce as little PFAS-laden solid waste as possible, a favorable trend for our AEC that generates very little PFAS-laden waste. Detection of unsafe levels of PFAS around the world has given rise to a number of market opportunities, including in drinking water, industrial wastewater, municipal wastewater, solid waste, organic foods and more.

We have successfully validated the AEC as an effective system to selectively extract and collect PFAS chemicals from contaminated water, including performance testing that shows “non-detect” levels of removal, which meets new EPA standards. We have demonstrated more than 10,000 hours of continuous operation showing no materially significant degradation of the AEC system’s components or performance over time. As a modular system, we believe the AEC is scalable to small portable commercial units as well as very large commercial operations, and we believe that our engineering team has the experience to deliver systems to meet the needs of any sized commercial installation. In order to provide a full turn-key solution for our customers, we have developed an expanded offering whereby we can bundle a service package with each customer project that includes a membrane exchange program, the collection of PFAS, and transport and destruction of the PFAS.

Our strategy to market our PFAS treatment technology and related engineering services is as follows: 1) focus on demonstrating our technology’s efficacy in first demonstration projects, trials, and early customer deployments with the understanding that this early success can be leveraged to secure larger and more numerous subsequent projects, 2) market our PFAS expertise and our technology by presenting at industry events and conferences around the country, cultivating our status as “thought leaders” in the space, 3) use our network of manufacturer’s representatives and channel selling partners to maximize the number of potential opportunities with early adopters, and 4) engage in discussions with credible distribution partners at established water treatment technology companies.

The AEC’s commercial roll-out is being executed with the help of a network of sales representative organizations whose role will be to market and sell the treatment system, related equipment, and the Company’s engineering services to municipal and industrial customers across the country. We have secured channel partner agreements with several sales representative organizations ensuring coverage for most of the continental United States. We have one PFAS project ongoing, in New Jersey, and expect our equipment to be installed and operational before the end of the year. We believe this project represents a key milestone for the commercialization of the AEC, as industry validation of the technology in a first municipal drinking water treatment project will play an important role in convincing additional municipalities to adopt the technology for treating PFAS-contaminated water, as the company will publish reference customer data from the project that highlights the AEC’s distinct advantages over incumbent technologies like carbon filtration and ion exchange.

We are currently bidding on and/or in negotiations with multiple prospective industrial and municipal customers to treat PFAS contaminated water. These opportunities include small to medium sized municipalities, waste facilities, Air Force bases, remediation sites, and industrial sites, and we are waiting for our customers to finalize budgets and agreements with us. Currently, our bottleneck for processing additional expanding opportunities for PFAS treatment projects is staffing, and therefore we are currently working to hire additional qualified sales engineers to assist in bidding and specification efforts for new projects.

AROS Minimal Liquid Discharge Water Treatment

In partnership with Garratt-Callahan, one of the country’s oldest privately held water treatment companies, our engineers developed a “minimal liquid discharge” wastewater treatment system called the Aqueous Reuse Optimization System (AROS) that minimizes industrial wastewater discharges and thus the regulatory fees associated with wastewater discharge, including for uses like cooling towers at data centers. Garratt-Callahan, who invented and patented the technology, is currently marketing the AROS system to its existing customer base and to new prospective customers. BLEST will serve as the manufacturing partner and Garratt-Callahan will serve as the selling distributor to leverage their national sales force and over one hundred years of providing services and products to customers.

Presently, both BioLargo and Garratt-Callahan are engaged in discussions with multiple potential first customers for the AROS system.

Advanced Oxidation System (AOS)

The Advanced Oxidation water treatment system (AOS) is our patented water treatment device that generates highly oxidative and energetic species of iodine and other molecules which allow it to eliminate pathogenic organisms and organic contaminants rapidly and effectively as water passes through the device. The key value proposition of the AOS is its ability to reduce or eliminate a wide variety of waterborne contaminants with high performance, including the normally hard-to-treat class of recalcitrant water contaminants called “micropollutants”, while using very little electricity and input chemicals.

Our proof-of-concept studies and on-site pilot projects have generated results that project the AOS will be more cost- and energy-efficient than commonly used advanced water treatment technologies such as UV, electro-chlorination, and ozonation. Furthermore, our technology has been proven capable of removing hard-to-treat organic micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals from water more quickly and energy-efficiently than other technologies. Together, these characteristics make the AOS an economical and versatile tool to enable wastewater treatment and reuse in the face of emerging water contaminants and increasing regulatory scrutiny on industrial wastewater discharge.

The AOS has, broadly speaking, two target applications: 1) treatment of municipal or industrial wastewater to eliminate bacteria, viruses, other organisms, and regulated organic contaminants, while using less electrical energy than other technologies, and 2) treatment of water or wastewater specifically to eliminate micropollutants/pharmaceuticals, at which the AOS particularly excels at compared to existing technologies. Our work to have the AOS adopted in the US and Canada for application 1) has been met with resistance because existing technologies, while less energy efficient than our technology, are effective enough against target contaminants, and our “value-add” of also eliminating hard-to-treat micropollutants isn’t relevant unless regulations dictate that those chemicals must be removed. Similarly, application 2) is only relevant in jurisdictions where those hard-to-treat micropollutants are regulated. Unfortunately, this does not include the US or Canada, but it does include several European countries. For that reason, presently, much of our business development efforts to secure projects for the AOS focus on development of partnerships to demonstrate the AOS for the European micropollutant market.

The AOS has been and will continue to be included as a component of treatment trains (comprehensive systems) we scope for other projects. In addition, it is included in the catalog of offerings being sold through our independent representatives as well as channel partners. BEST will continue to attempt to cultivate sales channels in Canada, Europe and South America, where there has been more interest.  

BioLargo Energy Technologies, Inc.

We acquired a proprietary “liquid-sodium” battery technology and formed a subsidiary to finish its development and commercialize it. The subsidiary – BioLargo Energy Technologies, Inc. (“BETI”) – hopes to capitalize on the ongoing shift toward renewable energy production and the growth in global electricity demand, and the consequent drastic expansion in energy storage capacity in the US and world-wide that will be needed to accommodate increased demand and the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources like wind and solar. The growth in AI (Artificial Intelligence) based computing which spurns the demand for expanded data centers and an increased energy level to operate are occurring just as well as the already insufficient capacity of the electric grid to meet demand is clear. The need for better, safer long-duration battery energy solutions is obvious.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, BETI raised $1,005,000 from the sale of its common stock (of that amount, $100,000 was invested by BioLargo, and $50,000 was from the conversion of BioLargo debt). As a result of these sales, BioLargo owns 96% of BETI’s issued and outstanding stock. The company has completed construction of a pilot-scale battery production facility in our Oak Ridge Tennessee engineering headquarters. Prototype batteries will be tested to confirm energy efficiency, useful life expectancy, energy density, safety profile, number of charge/discharge cycles, and other technical claims that we believe will differentiate the battery from incumbent technologies. Batteries built based on the underlying technology a decade ago demonstrated features that far surpass comparable lithium-ion batteries, the dominant incumbent technology in the market, including:

Our battery technology operates at higher temperatures than lithium batteries and much lower temperature than competing sodium-based batteries, and its casing and materials when combined, are heavier than lithium-ion, making it more suitable for stationary energy storage applications like grid-scale energy storage, electric vehicle charging stations, and commercial and residential energy storage, and believed to be less suitable for placement into electric vehicles or portable electronics.

We are exploring opportunities to commercialize our proprietary liquid sodium batteries through joint ventures with third parties. The third parties would finance the construction of independent battery manufacturing facilities designed and built under the direction of our engineers, and the joint venture would market, manufacture and distribute batteries. BioLargo would (i) receive a minority equity position in each joint venture, (ii) separately manufacture and sell at a profit to the joint venture certain proprietary battery components, and (iii) receive a royalty on the revenues of the joint venture.

Given the global growing demand for better batteries, and, while we are witnessing a number of current examples in which battery manufacturers have secured forward-contracts to supply batteries to its customers with backlogs of orders that amount to multiple years of production capacity, we believe our offer to partner with customers to secure needed inventory provides for a clear potential pathway to access capital, and more readily scale up production to meet demand around the world. At this point, we do not intend to finance and build our own manufacturing facilities, nor would we develop in-house sales channels, although that possibility remains on the table if needed.

Clyra Medical Technologies, Inc. - Bioclynse Wound Irrigation Solution

Clyra Medical Technologies, Inc. is our partially owned subsidiary creating medical products based on our technologies. Its primary product is a surgical wound irrigation solution called Bioclynse that can help manage patient care and outcomes. The first target market for this product is orthopedics, including hip and knee replacement surgeries. Management believes Bioclynse outperforms competing products as it has proven performance in biofilm disruption and inhibition, is non-toxic and non-cytotoxic, is non-sensitizing to tissue, and unlike competing products, does not require it to be rinsed and/or removed from a surgical cavity. Clyra management is focused on developing partnerships with large, well-established distributors who can help rapidly accelerate the product’s access to clinicians and surgeons in hospitals around the country. In first quarter 2024, Clyra placed orders for approximately $800,000 in capital equipment to support anticipated growth in sales of its Bioclynse line of products, and has contracted with third parties for product manufacturing, as it does not intend to build its own manufacturing facility. During the year ended December 31, 2023, Clyra sold $1,575,000 in preferred stock, and $35,000 in common stock, to support these efforts.

Full Service Environmental Engineering

BioLargo Engineering, Science & Technologies, LLC (“BLEST”) offers full service environmental engineering to third parties and provides engineering support services to our internal teams to accelerate the commercialization of our technologies. 

BLEST focuses its efforts in three areas:

BLEST operates out of an engineering facility in Oak Ridge, Tennessee (a suburb of Knoxville), and employs a group of scientists and engineers, many of whom are owners of the entity (BioLargo owns 82% as of December 31, 2023). The team is led by Randall Moore, who served as Manager of Operations for Consulting and Engineering for the Knoxville office of CB&I Environmental & Infrastructure and was formerly a leader at The Shaw Group, Inc., a Fortune 500 global engineering firm. Many of the other team members are also former employees of CB&I and Shaw, with the exception of more recent staff hires. The team is highly experienced across multiple industries and we believe are considered experts in their respective fields, including: chemical engineering, wastewater treatment (including design, operations, data gathering and data evaluation), process safety, energy efficiency, air pollution, design and control, technology evaluation, technology integration, air quality management & testing, engineering management, permitting, industrial hygiene, applied research and development, air testing, environmental permitting, HAZOP review, chemical processing, thermal design, computational fluid dynamics, mechanical engineering, mechanical design, NEPDES permitting, RCRA/TSCA compliance and permitting, project management, storm water design & permitting, computer assisted design (CAD), bench chemistry, continuous emission monitoring system operator, data handling and evaluation and decommissioning and decontamination of radiological and chemical contaminated facilities. The team has decades of high-level experience in the energy industry. The engineering team has also developed an extended network of trusted engineering subcontractors that assist in serving specific client projects as needed.

BLEST engineers generate revenue through services to third party clients, as well as for internal BioLargo projects such as the AEC and battery (revenues from internal projects are eliminated in the consolidation of our financial statements and are designed “intersegment revenue”). Third party contracts include ongoing work at U.S. Air Force bases for air quality control. Efforts to expand this work as well as with other clients are consistently ongoing.

The staff time devoted to supporting the AEC (PFAS) and battery related work is demanding and , at the same time, BLEST needs to hire more qualified staff to meet and expanding demand for our growing list of customers and/or expected customers. When we combine the demands of current revenue generating projects and expected growth, we are presented with an obvious challenge to manage quality, timely performance as well as access to qualified staff. We are working carefully to find balance to help insure we meet the demands of both in a practical customer centric and capital conserving way. It may be for example, when we secure larger and larger contracts for PFAS or Garrett Callan related work, we will need to depend heavily on our contact manufactures to meet the customer demands in the near term as we scale up our infrastructure and work force capabilities.

Share Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park

On December 13, 2022 we entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) and purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), pursuant to which Lincoln Park has committed to purchase up to $10.0 million of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.00067 per share (the “Common Stock”), subject to certain limitations and the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

Under the Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to $10.0 million of the Company’s Common Stock. Sales of Common Stock by the Company will be subject to certain limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s sole discretion, over the 36-month period commencing on the date that the conditions to Lincoln Park’s purchase obligation set forth in the Purchase Agreement are satisfied. These conditions include that a registration statement covering the resale by Lincoln Park of shares of Common Stock that have been and may be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement, filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, is declared effective by the SEC and a final prospectus relating thereto is filed with the SEC (the date on which all of such conditions are satisfied, the “Commencement Date”).

From and after the Commencement Date, on any business day selected by the Company, the Company may, by written notice to Lincoln Park, direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to 100,000 shares of Common Stock on such business day, at a purchase price per share that will be determined and fixed in accordance with the Purchase Agreement at the time such written notice is delivered to Lincoln Park (each, a “Regular Purchase”), provided, however, that the maximum number of shares the Company may sell to Lincoln Park in a Regular Purchase may be increased to (i) up to 125,000 shares, provided that the closing sale price of the Common Stock on the applicable purchase date is not below $0.20, (ii) up to 150,000 shares, provided that the closing sale price of the Common Stock on the applicable purchase date is not below $0.30, and (iii) up to 200,000 shares, provided that the closing sale price of the Common Stock on the applicable purchase date is not below $0.50, in each case, subject to adjustment for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction as provided in the Purchase Agreement; provided, however, that Lincoln Park’s maximum purchase commitment in any single Regular Purchase may not exceed $500,000. The purchase price per share of Common Stock sold in each such Regular Purchase, if any, will be based on prevailing market prices of the Common Stock immediately preceding the time of sale as computed under the Purchase Agreement. The Company may deliver a notice for a Regular Purchase to Lincoln Park on any business day selected by the Company, provided that at least one Business Day has elapsed since the purchase date for the most recent prior Regular Purchase effected by the Company under the Purchase Agreement.

In addition to Regular Purchases, provided that we have directed Lincoln Park to purchase the maximum amount of shares that we are then able to sell to Lincoln Park in a Regular Purchase, and provided that the closing sale price of the Common Stock on the applicable purchase date for such Regular Purchase is not below $0.10 per share, we may, in our sole discretion, also direct Lincoln Park to purchase additional shares of Common Stock in “accelerated purchases,” and “additional accelerated purchases” as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price per share of Common Stock sold in each such accelerated purchase and additional accelerated purchase, if any, will be based on prevailing market prices of the Common Stock at the time of sale as computed under the Purchase Agreement. There are no upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of Common Stock in any purchase under the Purchase Agreement. 

The Company will control the timing and amount of any sales of Common Stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Lincoln Park has no right to require the Company to sell any shares of Common Stock to Lincoln Park, but Lincoln Park is obligated to make purchases as the Company directs, subject to certain conditions.   

Actual sales of shares of Common Stock to Lincoln Park will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company from time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the Company’s Common Stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriate sources of funding for the Company and its operations. The net proceeds under the Purchase Agreement to the Company will depend on the frequency and prices at which the Company sells shares of its stock to Lincoln Park. The Company expects that any proceeds received by the Company from such sales to Lincoln Park will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.

The Purchase Agreement prohibits the Company from directing Lincoln Park to purchase any shares of Common Stock if those shares, when aggregated with all other shares of Common Stock then beneficially owned by Lincoln Park (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 13d-3 thereunder), would result in Lincoln Park beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock.

There are no restrictions on future financings, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the Purchase Agreement or Registration Rights Agreement other than a prohibition (with certain limited exceptions) on entering into a “Variable Rate Transaction,” as defined in the Purchase Agreement. Lincoln Park has agreed not to engage in or effect, directly or indirectly, for its own principal account or for the principal account of any of its affiliates, any short sales of the Common Stock or hedging transaction that establishes a net short position in the Common Stock during the term of the Purchase Agreement.

As consideration for Lincoln Park’s commitment to purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock from time to time at the Company’s direction upon the terms of and subject to satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, has agreed (i) to issue to Lincoln Park 1,250,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Commitment Shares”) upon the execution of the Purchase Agreement and (ii) to pay to Lincoln Park a cash fee of $250,000 upon the Company’s receipt of aggregate cash proceeds of $3.0 million from sales of Common Stock to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The Company will not receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of the Commitment Shares to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

The Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement contain customary representations, warranties, conditions and indemnification obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time with one business days’ notice, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the Purchase Agreement, Lincoln Park does not have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such event of default is cured. 

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we sold 999,384 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park, and received $162,000 in proceeds. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we sold 3,833,230 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park, and received $995,000 in proceeds.

Intellectual Property

We have 26 patents issued, including 22 in the United States, and multiple applications pending. We were issued three patents in the year ended December 31, 2023, and our patents have an average remaining duration of seven years. We believe these patents provide a foundation from which to continue building our patent portfolio, and we believe that our technology is sufficiently useful and novel that we have a reasonable basis upon which to rely on our patent protections. We also rely on trade secrets and technical know-how to establish and maintain additional protection of our intellectual property. As our capital resources permit, we expect to expand our patent protection as we continue to refine our inventions as well as make new discoveries. We regard our intellectual property as critical to our ultimate success. Our goal is to obtain, maintain and enforce patent protection for our products and technologies in geographic areas of commercial interest and to protect our trade secrets and proprietary information through laws and contractual arrangements. 

We incurred approximately $2,282,000 in expense related to our research and development activities in the year ended December 31, 2023, and $1,319,000 in the year ended December 31, 2022.

Given the fragmented nature of the specialty waste industry, environmental engineering and cleantech industry and the different segments within these industries in which we participate directly or through our subsidiaries, we compete with numerous companies. Larger companies within the hazardous materials line of business include Clean Earth, a subsidiary of Enviri Corporation, Clean Harbors, Republic Services, which acquired U.S. Ecology in 2022, Veolia and Covanta, which acquired Circon Holdings, Inc. in 2023 and also recently announced, through its parent company, EQT Infrastructure, its intent to acquire a major stake in Heritage Environmental Services in 2024. We believe we differentiate ourselves from competitors through innovation, reliability and responsiveness, our diverse operating capabilities and regulatory compliant solutions, and the value we provide through providing energy efficient, low output, environmentally superior solutions relative to other waste management, remediation and disposal alternatives in the US and Canada.

Executive Officers

As of December 31, 2023, and as the date of this prospectus, our executive officers were:

Our operational subsidiaries are led by:

Employees

As of April 12, 2024, we had 33 employees, of which 31 were full-time. Our employees including professional engineers, masters of engineering, and PhDs, as well as sales, support and administrative personnel. We also utilize consultants and independent contractors on an as-needed basis who provide certain specified services, such as professional engineers used from time to time by our engineering group in Tennessee.

Governmental Regulation

Our medical subsidiary (Clyra) has products (each, a “Medical Device”) that are subject to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (including the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, the “FDCA”), or similar Laws (including Council Directive 93/42/EEC concerning medical devices and its implementing rules and guidance documents) in any foreign jurisdiction (the FDCA and such similar Laws, collectively, the “Regulatory Laws”) that are developed, manufactured, tested, distributed or marketed by our Company. Each such Medical Device will need to be developed, manufactured, tested, distributed, and marketed in compliance with all applicable requirements under the Regulatory Laws, including those relating to investigational use, premarket clearance or marketing approval to market a medical device, good manufacturing practices, labeling, advertising, record keeping, filing of reports and security, and in compliance with the Advanced Medical Technology Association Code of Ethics on Interactions with Healthcare Professionals.

We believe that no article or part of any Medical Device intended to be manufactured or distributed by our Company or any of our subsidiaries will be classified as (i) adulterated within the meaning of Sec. 501 of the FDCA (21 U.S.C. § 351) (or other Regulatory Laws), (ii) misbranded within the meaning of Sec. 502 of the FDCA (21 U.S.C. § 352) (or other Regulatory Laws) or (iii) a product that is in violation of Sec 510 of the FDCA (21 U.S.C. § 360) or Sec. 515 of the FDCA (21 U.S.C. § 360e) (or other Regulatory Laws).

Neither our Company nor any of its subsidiaries, nor, to the knowledge of our Company, any officer, employee or agent of our Company or any of its subsidiaries, has been convicted of any crime or engaged in any conduct for which such Person or entity could be excluded from participating in the federal health care programs under Section 1128 of the Social Security Act of 1935, as amended (the “Social Security Act”), or any similar law in any foreign jurisdiction.

Neither our Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any written notice that the FDA or any other Governmental Authority has commenced, or threatened to initiate, any action to enjoin research, development, or production of any Medical Device.

Description of Property

Our Company owns no real property. We currently lease approximately 9,000 square feet of office and industrial space at 14921 Chestnut Street, Westminster, California. In addition to serving as our principal offices, it is also a manufacturing facility where we manufacture our products, including our CupriDyne® Clean Industrial Odor control product, and the home of our subsidiary ONM Environmental.

We also lease approximately 22,000 square feet of office, warehouse, lab and manufacturing space at 105 Fordham Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, for our professional engineering division, BioLargo Engineering, Science & Technologies, LLC, and our battery company, BioLargo Energy.

We also lease approximately 1,500 square feet of office and lab space from the University of Alberta. These offices serve as our primary research and development facilities and is the home of our subsidiary, BioLargo Water.

Our telephone number is (888) 400-2863.

Legal Proceedings

Our Company is not presently a party to any legal proceeding. 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This discussion contains forward-looking statements about our business and operations. Our actual results may differ materially from those we currently anticipate as a result of many factors, including those we described under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. Certain statements contained in this discussion, including, without limitation, statements containing the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects” and the like, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). However, as we will issue “penny stock,” as such term is defined in Rule 3a51-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act, we are ineligible to rely on these safe harbor provisions. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any of the future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. We disclaim any obligation to update any of such factors or to announce publicly the results of revision of any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events or developments. For information regarding risk factors that could have a material adverse effect on our business, refer to the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus beginning on page 4.

We operate our business in distinct business segments:

Our consolidated revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $12,230,000, which is a 108% increase over the same period in 2022. Services revenue decreased 47% (by $680,000), while revenue from product sales increased by 158%, $7,026,000. The decrease in service revenues was related to the focus by our subsidiary BLEST on supporting internal projects such as the AEC and battery technology, as opposed to servicing third-party clients. The increase in product revenues was almost entirely due to an increase in the volume of sales of private-label odor-control products, specifically the Pooph branded pet-odor product.

ONM Environmental

Our wholly-owned subsidiary ONM Environmental generates revenues through sales of our flagship product CupriDyne Clean, by providing design, installation, and maintenance services on the systems that deliver CupriDyne Clean at its clients’ facilities, and through sales of private-label products based on our CupriDyne Clean technology.

Revenue (ONM Environmental)

ONM Environmental’s revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023, were $11,440,000, an increase of $7,066,000 or 162% from the same period in 2022. The increase in revenues was almost entirely due to an increase in the volume of sales of private label odor-control products, specifically the Pooph branded pet-odor product (which increased by $6,905,000).  Because ONM Environmental has no control over the marketing and sales activity or levels of Pooph, it cannot predict sales volumes related to it in future periods. Pooph management has indicated their intentions to continue their national advertising campaign as they place the product in national retail chains, including the introduction of the product in Walmart nationally. While they have performed well in the past, their execution of those future plans has inherent risks that are out of our control. (See the Risk Factor above titled “A significant portion of our revenue is concentrated with one customer.”)

Cost of Goods Sold (ONM Environmental)

ONM Environmental’s cost of goods sold includes costs of raw materials, contract manufacturing, and portions of depreciation, salaries and expenses related to the manufacturing and installation of its products. As a percentage of revenue, ONM Environmental’s costs of goods increased 4% in 2023 to 49%. The increase was related to normal price fluctuations for raw materials.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense (ONM Environmental)

ONM Environmental’s selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses were $1,472,000 in 2023, compared to $1,276,000 in 2022. We expect these expenses to remain approximately the same in 2024.

Operating Income (ONM Environmental)

ONM Environmental generated operating income of $4,335,000 in 2023, compared to an operating income of $1,130,000 in 2022. The increase in operating income is due almost entirely to an increase in the sales of its Pooph branded pet odor product. As the marketing and sales of that product is in the sole control of a third party, we have no way of determining whether these sales will decrease or increase in the current year, and thus have no way to determining whether ONM Environmental will have an operating income in the current year. 

BLEST (engineering division)

Revenue (BLEST)

BLEST generated $770,000 of revenue from third parties in 2023, compared to $1,453,000 in 2022, representing a 47% decrease from the prior year. In addition to providing service to third party clients, BLEST provides services to BioLargo and its subsidiaries for internal BioLargo projects. These services are billed internally, are considered intersegment revenue, and are eliminated in the consolidation of our financial statements. In the year ended December 31, 2023, it totaled $1,627,000, primarily used to further engineer and develop our AEC PFAS treatment system and battery technology. The decrease in third party revenue in 2023 as compared to 2022 is a result of BLEST's focus on these internal projects.

Cost of Goods (Services) Sold (BLEST)

BLEST’s cost of services includes employee labor, materials, as well as subcontracted labor costs. In 2023, its cost of services were 51% of its revenues, versus 61% in 2022. This decrease is due to contracts with better margins. We expect the cost of services to remain consistent in 2024 based on the contracts currently in progress.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense (BLEST)

BLEST's SG&A expenses were $722,000 in 2023, compared to $549,000 in 2022, due to increased head-count related expenses. We expect these expenses to continue to increase in the current year as more resources are devoted to BLEST's operations.

Operating Loss (BLEST)

BLEST had an operating loss of $1,619,000 in 2023, compared to an operating loss of $452,000 in 2022. This operating loss is reflective of the focus at BLEST on internal BioLargo projects. While we are unable to record revenues generated from services by the engineering group to other BioLargo operating divisions for important projects such as the development of the AOS and AEC technologies, it is important to note that its net loss would be eliminated if it were selling these services to a third party at fair market value. Because the subsidiary had a net loss, we invested cash during the year to allow it to maintain operations. 

Selling, General and Administrative Expense – consolidated

Our SG&A expenses include both cash (for example, salaries to employees) and non-cash expenses (for example, stock option compensation expense). Our consolidated SG&A increased by 20% ($1,327,000) in the year ended December 31, 2023, to $8,058,000. Our non-cash expenses (through the issuance of stock and stock options) were $2,508,000 in 2023, compared with $2,071,000 in 2022. Our SG&A expenses included (in thousands):

The increases in professional fees, consulting, office expense, and sales and marketing were due to increased company activities and revenues, including new company projects such as the liquid sodium battery. Office expense increased due to an increase in square footage of rented space and an increase in general office expenses related to expanded operations. Board of director expense increased due to the replacement of expired out-of-the-money options.

Impairment Expense

During each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, management recognized $394,000 and $197,000, respectively, impairment of Clyra’s prepaid marketing asset.

Research and Development

In the year ended December 31, 2023, we spent $2,282,000 in the research and development of our technologies and products. This was an increase of 73% ($963,000) compared to 2022, due to increased activity related to development of AEC and battery products.

Other Income and Expense

Primarily through our wholly owned Canadian subsidiary, we have been awarded more than 80 research grants over the years from various public and private agencies, including the Canadian National Research Institute – Industrial Research Assistance Program (NRC-IRAP), the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California’s Innovative Conservation Program “ICP”. The research grants received are considered reimbursement grants related to costs we incur and therefore are included as Other Income. The amount of grant income decreased $38,000 in the year ended December 31, 2023, to $36,000. Grant funds paid directly to third parties are not included as income in our financial statements.

Our Canadian subsidiary applied for and received a refund on our income taxes pursuant to the “Scientific Research and Experimental Development Program”, a Canadian federal tax incentive program designed to encourage Canadian businesses to conduct research and development in Canada. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded an expense of $54,000 and a refund of $63,000, respectively.

Interest expense

Our interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2023, was $91,000, an increase of 72% compared with 2022. The significant increase in interest expense is related to the timing of when we entered into our debt obligations as there was a full year of interest during 2023 versus 2022. During 2023, $58,000 was paid in cash and $33,000 related to the amortization of debt discounts related to warrants issued in conjunction with debt instruments.  During 2022, $36,000 was paid in cash. Our non-cash interest expenses were $17,000 in amortization of debt discounts related to warrants issued in conjunction with debt instruments.

As of December 31, 2023, the total debt on our balance sheet was $355,000, not including $234,000 owed by Clyra Medical. The $355,000 is comprised of $287,000 is from SBA loans at low interest rates, and a $68,000 vehicle loan. We do not intend to take on additional debt in the current year, and expect our interest expense in 2024 to decrease as compared with 2023.

Net Loss

Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2023, was $4,648,000 a loss of $0.02 per share, compared to a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022, of $5,132,000 a loss of $0.02 per share, a decrease in net loss of 13%. Our net loss this year declined because of the increase in gross margin related to our increase in revenues, offset by a smaller increase of selling, general and administrative expense.  

The net income (loss) per business segment is as follows (in thousands):

In the year ended December 31, 2023, approximately 68% of our net loss was attributable to non-cash expenses, including $2,124,000 of stock option compensation expense (of which $260,000 was from options issued by Clyra Medical), $384,000 of services paid by the issuance of our common stock, and $394,000 related to the impairment of our Clyra prepaid marketing agreement.

In the year ended December 31, 2022, approximately 50% of our net loss was attributable to non-cash expenses, including $2,071,000 of stock option compensation expense (of which $408,000 was from options issued by Clyra Medical), and $291,000 of services paid by the issuance of our common stock.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of our business. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we had a net loss of $4,648,000, used $2,365,000 cash in operations, and at December 31, 2023, we had working capital of $3,652,000, and current assets of $6,362,000. We do not believe gross profits in 2024 will be sufficient to fund our current level of operations, and therefore we will have to obtain further investment capital to continue to fund operations. We have been, and anticipate that we will continue to be, limited in terms of our capital resources. As of December 31, 2023, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $3,539,000, and our total liabilities included $492,000 in debt obligations, of which $234,000 were owed by Clyra Medical. Of the remaining amount, $66,000 is due within one year.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we generated revenues of $12,230,000, through our subsidiaries.  Other than ONM Environmental, our subsidiaries did not generate enough revenues or gross profits to fund their operations or fund our corporate operations or other business segments. To meet our cash obligations, during the year-ended December 31, 2023, we (i) sold $995,000 of our common stock to Lincoln Park, (ii) sold $1,158,000 of our common stock and warrants to accredited investors, (iii) sold $1,575,000 of Clyra Medical Series A Preferred Stock and $35,000 of Clyra Medical common stock, and (iv) sold 1,005,000 of BETI common stock. If we are unable to rely on our current arrangement with Lincoln Park to fund our working capital requirements, we will have to rely on other forms of financing, and there is no assurance that we will be able to do so, or if we do so, it will be on favorable terms. To reduce our operational cash burdens, we regularly issue officers and vendors stock or options in lieu of cash, and anticipate that we will continue to be able to do so in the future. We and Clyra Medical have continued to sell common stock to Lincoln Park for working capital subsequent to December 31, 2023.

The foregoing factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, unless we are able to continue to raise funds through stock sales to Lincoln Park or other private financings, and in the long term, our ability to attain a reasonable threshold of operating efficiencies and achieve profitable operations by licensing or otherwise commercializing products incorporating our technologies. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, valuation of offerings of debt with equity or derivative features which include the valuation of the warrant component, any beneficial conversion feature and potential derivative treatment, and share-based payments. We base our estimates on anticipated results and trends and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. By their nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Actual results that differ from our estimates could have a significant adverse effect on our operating results and financial position. We believe that the following significant accounting policies and assumptions may involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity than others.

The methods, estimates and judgments the Company uses in applying these most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results of the Company reports in its financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We adopted ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, Topic 606, on January 1, 2018. The guidance focuses on the core principle for revenue recognition.

The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, an entity should apply the following steps:

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer.

Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 3: Determine the transaction price.

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

We have revenue from two subsidiaries, ONM and BLEST. ONM identifies its contract with the customer through a written purchase order, in which the details of the contract are defined including the transaction price and method of shipment. The only performance obligation is to create and ship the product and each product has separate pricing. ONM recognizes revenue at a point in time when the order for its goods are shipped if its agreement with the customer is FOB ONM’s warehouse facility, and when goods are delivered to its customer if its agreement with the customer is FOB destination. Revenue is recognized with a reduction for sales discounts, as appropriate and negotiated in the customer’s purchase order. ONM also installs misting systems for which it bills on a time and materials basis. It identifies its contract with the customer through a written purchase order in which the details of the time to be billed and materials purchased and an estimated completion date. The performance obligation is the completion of the installation. Revenue is recognized in arrears as the work is performed.

BLEST identifies services to be performed in a written contract, which specifies the performance obligations and the rate at which the services will be billed. Each service is separately negotiated and priced. Revenue is recognized as services are performed and completed. BLEST’s contracts typically call for invoicing for time and materials incurred for that contract. A few contracts have called for milestone or fixed cost payments where BLEST bills an agreed-to amount per month for the life of the contract. In these instances, completed work, billed hourly, is recognized as revenue. If the billing amount is greater or lesser than the completed work, a receivable or payable is created. These accounts are adjusted upon additional billings as the work is completed. To date, there have been no discounts or other financing terms for the contracts.

Warrants

Warrants issued with our convertible and non-convertible debt instruments are accounted for under the fair value and relative fair value method.

The warrant is first analyzed per its terms as to whether it has derivative features or not. If the warrant is determined to be a derivative and not qualify for equity treatment, then it is measured at fair value using the Black Scholes option model, and recorded as a liability on the balance sheet. The warrant is re-measured at its then current fair value at each subsequent reporting date (it is “marked-to-market”).

If the warrant is determined to not have derivative features, it is recorded into equity at its fair value using the Black Scholes option model, however, limited to a relative fair value based upon the percentage of its fair value to the total fair value including the fair value of the convertible note.

The warrant relative fair values are also recorded as a discount to the convertible promissory notes. At present, these equity features of the convertible promissory notes have recorded a discount to the convertible notes that is substantially equal to the proceeds received.

Share-based Payments

It is the Company’s policy to expense share-based payments as of the date of grant or over the term of the vesting period in accordance with Auditing Standards Codification Topic 718 “Share-Based Payment.” Application of this pronouncement requires significant judgment regarding the assumptions used in the selected option pricing model, including stock price volatility and employee exercise behavior. Most of these inputs are either highly dependent on the current economic environment at the date of grant or forward-looking expectations projected over the expected term of the award.

Fair Value Measurement

Generally accepted accounting principles establishes a hierarchy to prioritize the inputs of valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest ranking to the fair values determined by using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) and the lowest ranking to fair values determined using methodologies and models with unobservable inputs (Level 3). Observable inputs are those that market participants would use in pricing the assets based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about inputs market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The Company has determined the appropriate level of the hierarchy and applied it to its financial assets and liabilities.

Management believes the carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, approximate their respective fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Such instruments include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, line of credit, and other assets and liabilities. The carrying amount of debt instruments are believed to approximate fair value as the stated interest rates are reflective of the prevailing market rates.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Recent Accounting Pronouncements”, for the applicable accounting pronouncements affecting the Company.

MANAGEMENT

Executive Officers and Directors

The following table sets forth information about our executive officers and directors as of the date of this prospectus:

______________

Dennis P. Calvert is our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. He also serves in the same positions for BioLargo Life Technologies, Inc. and BioLargo Water Investment Group., Inc., both wholly owned subsidiaries, and chairman of the board of directors of our subsidiaries ONM Environmental, Inc., Clyra Medical Technologies, Inc. and BioLargo Water, Inc. (Canada). Mr. Calvert was appointed a director in June 2002 and has served as President and Chief Executive Officer since June 2002, Corporate Secretary from September 2002 until March 2003 and Chief Financial Officer from March 2003 through January 2008. Mr. Calvert holds a B.A. degree in Economics from Wake Forest University, where he was a varsity basketball player. Mr. Calvert also studied at Columbia University and Harding University. He also serves on the board of directors at The Maximum Impact Foundation, a 501(c)(3), committed to bridging the gap for lifesaving work around the globe for the good of man and in the name of Christ. He serves as a Director and Co-Chair of the Energy Committee of Sustain SoCal, a trade association that seeks to promote economic growth in the Southern California clean technology industry. He also serves on the Board of Directors at TMA Bluetech, a leading regional water cluster promoting science-based ocean water industries. He serves on the leadership board at Water UCI, which is an interdisciplinary center in the School of Social Ecology at the University of California- Irvine, that facilitates seamless collaboration across schools, departments, and existing research centers around questions of fundamental and applied water science, technology, management, and policy. He is also an Eagle Scout. He is married and has two children. Mr. Calvert has an extensive entrepreneurial background as an operator, investor and consultant. Prior to his work with BioLargo, he had participated in more than 300 consulting projects and more than 50 acquisitions as well as various financing transactions and companies that ranged from industrial chemicals, healthcare management, finance, telecommunications and consumer products.

Charles K. Dargan II is our Chief Financial Officer and has served as such since February 2008. Since January 2003, Mr. Dargan has served as founder and President of CFO 911, an organization of senior executives that provides accounting, finance and operational expertise to both small capitalization public and middle market private companies in all phases of their business life cycle. From March 2000 to January 2003, Mr. Dargan was the Chief Financial Officer of Semotus Solutions, Inc., an American Stock Exchange-listed wireless mobility software company. Mr. Dargan also serves as a director of Hiplink Software, Inc. Further, Mr. Dargan began his finance career in investment banking with Drexel Burnham Lambert and later became Managing Director of two other investment banking firms, including Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin, where he was responsible for the management of the private placement activities of the firm. Mr. Dargan received his B.A. degree in Government from Dartmouth College, his M.B.A. degree and M.S.B.A. degree in Finance from the University of Southern California. Mr. Dargan is also a CPA (inactive) and CFA.

Kenneth R. Code is our Chief Science Officer. He has been a director since April 2007. Mr. Code is our single largest stockholder. He is the founder of IOWC, which is engaged in the research and development of advanced disinfection technology, and from which the Company acquired its core iodine technology in April 2007. Mr. Code has authored several publications and holds several patents, with additional pending, concerning advanced iodine disinfection. Mr. Code graduated from the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Joseph L. Provenzano has been a director since June 2002, assumed the role of Corporate Secretary in March 2003, was appointed Executive Vice President of Operations in January 2008, was elected President of our subsidiary, ONM Environmental, Inc., upon the commencement of its operations in January 2010. He is a co-inventor on several of the company's patents and proprietary manufacturing processes, and has developed over 30 products from our CupriDyne® technology.  Mr. Provenzano began his corporate career in 1988 in the marketing field. In 2001 he began work with an investment holding company to manage their mergers and acquisitions department, participating in more than 50 corporate mergers and acquisitions.

Dennis E. Marshall has been a director since April 2006. Mr. Marshall has over 45 years of experience in real estate, asset management, management level finance and operations-oriented management. Since 1981, Mr. Marshall has been a real estate investment broker in Orange County, California, representing buyers and sellers in investment acquisitions and dispositions. From March 1977 to January 1981, Mr. Marshall was a real estate syndicator at McCombs Corporation as well as the assistant to the Chairman of the Board. While at McCombs Corporation, Mr. Marshall became the Vice President of Finance, where he financially monitored numerous public real estate syndications. From June 1973 to September 1976, Mr. Marshall served as an equity controller for the Don Koll Company, an investment builder and general contractor firm, at which Mr. Marshall worked closely with institutional equity partners and lenders. Before he began his career in real estate, Mr. Marshall worked at Arthur Young & Co. (now Ernst & Young) from June 1969 to June 1973, where he served as Supervising Senior Auditor and was responsible for numerous independent audits of publicly held corporations. During this period, he obtained Certified Public Accountant certification. Mr. Marshall earned a degree in Accounting from the University of Texas, Austin in 1966 and earned a Master of Science Business Administration from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1969. Mr. Marshall serves as Chairman of the Audit Committee.

Jack B. Strommen has been a director since June 2017, and is a member of the board of directors of our subsidiary, Clyra Medical Technologies, as the representative of Sanatio Capital LLC. Mr. Strommen is the owner of PD Instore, an angel investor in several private companies ranging from bio-tech to med-tech to real estate, and serves on the board of directors of several private and public companies.

Linda Park joined our board of directors in November 2022. She is currently the Senior Vice President, Associate General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Edwards Lifesciences Corporation, a global leader of patient-focused innovations for structural heart disease and critical care monitoring.  Ms. Park is a member of the Senior Leadership Team and has been a member of the board of directors of the Edwards Lifesciences Foundation since January 2022. Her current practice includes corporate governance, regulatory compliance, legal disputes, investigations, employment-related matters, general corporate and corporate impact. Prior to joining Edwards, from June 2013 to October 2017, she served as Assistant General Counsel of Western Digital Corporation, a company creating breakthrough innovations and powerful data storage solutions that enable the world to actualize its aspirations.  From September 2003 to June 2013, Ms. Park worked in private practice, including at the firms of Latham & Watkins, LLP and Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP in New York City where she advised issuer and investment banking clients on corporate and securities matters, mergers and acquisitions, bank financings and capital markets, including initial public offerings.  Ms. Park has 20 years of experience counseling public companies and advancing organizations’ corporate governance and strategic goals; she is an active partner and thought leader on environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) issues.  Ms. Park holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Johns Hopkins University and a Juris Doctor from Duke University School of Law. We believe that Ms. Park’s broad corporate governance, securities, sustainability and M&A knowledge gives her the qualifications, expertise and skills to serve as a director.

Christina Bray joined our board of directors in November 2022. She is currently CEO of BlueDot Energies, Inc., a company founded in January 2021 that designs, builds and manages electrical vehicle charging stations. From January 2021 to February 2022, she was the manager of Strategic Partnerships at Sunlight Financial in New York, a provider of point-of-sale financing to homeowners and contractors for solar systems and home improvements. From September 2018 to January 2021, she was President of PGC Bancorporation, which was an acquisition vehicle for community banks in the Western states. From November 2016 to September 2018, she was Assistant Vice President of Alpine Bank in Boulder Colorado, where she controlled a $100 million commercial loan portfolio and underwrote in excess of $120 million in loans. From October 2015 to November 2016, she was a manager at Beaver Creek Sports in Avon Colorado. From September 2013 to October 2015, she was a key leader and community manager for lululemon in New Orleans, LA where she developed sales and market development strategies for a team of 20. From August 2012 to September 2013 she was office manager at MBA Financial Services in Boulder Colorado - a boutique private wealth management firm. Ms. Bray has a Bachelor of Arts from Yale University in Modern Middle Eastern Studies, and a Master of Arts in Military History from Norwich University in Vermont. We believe that Ms. Bray’s financial experience and entrepreneurial experience give her the qualifications, expertise and skills to serve as a director.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Our corporate website, www.biolargo.com, contains the charters for our Audit and Compensation Committees and certain other corporate governance documents and policies, including our Code of Ethics. Any changes to these documents and any waivers granted with respect to our Code of Ethics will be posted at www.biolargo.com. In addition, we will provide a copy of any of these documents without charge to any stockholder upon written request made to Corporate Secretary, BioLargo, Inc., 14921 Chestnut St., Westminster, California 92683. The information at www.biolargo.com is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus.

Director Independence

Our board of directors has determined that each of Mr. Marshall, Mr. Strommen, Ms. Park, and Ms. Bray is independent as defined under applicable Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (“Nasdaq”) listing standards. Our board of directors has determined that neither Mr. Calvert, Mr. Provenzano, nor Mr. Code is independent as defined under applicable Nasdaq listing standards. Neither Mr. Calvert, nor Mr. Code serve on any committee of our board of directors.

Meetings of our Board of Directors

Our board of directors held four meetings during 2023, and acted via unanimous written consent two times. Each of the incumbent directors attended all the meetings of our board of directors and committees on which the director served, except for one absence at each of the August 2023 and November 2023 quarterly board meetings, and one at the November 2023 audit committee meeting. Each of our directors is encouraged to attend our Annual Meeting of Stockholders, when these are held, and to be available to answer any questions posed by stockholders to such director.

Our board of directors held four meetings during 2022, and acted via unanimous written consent four times. Each of the incumbent directors attended all the meetings of our board of directors and committees on which the director served, except for one absence at the February 2022 quarterly board meetings, one at the June 2022 annual meeting, and one at each of the March 2022, May 2022 and August 2022 audit committee meetings. Each of our directors is encouraged to attend our Annual Meeting of Stockholders, when these are held, and to be available to answer any questions posed by stockholders to such director.

Communications with our Board of Directors

The following procedures have been established by our board of directors to facilitate communications between our stockholders and our board of directors:

Our stockholders also may communicate directly with the non-management directors as a group, by mail addressed to Dennis E. Marshall, c/o Corporate Secretary, BioLargo, Inc., 14921 Chestnut St., Westminster, California 92683.

Our Audit Committee has established procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding questionable accounting, internal controls and financial improprieties or auditing matters. Any of our employees may confidentially communicate concerns about any of these matters by mail addressed to Audit Committee, c/o Corporate Secretary, BioLargo, Inc., 14921 Chestnut St., Westminster, California 92683.

All the reporting mechanisms also are posted on our corporate website, www.biolargo.com. Upon receipt of a complaint or concern, a determination will be made whether it pertains to accounting, internal controls or auditing matters and, if it does, it will be handled in accordance with the procedures established by the Audit Committee.

Committees of our Board of Directors

Our board of directors has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, and a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

The Audit Committee meets with management and our independent registered public accounting firm to review the adequacy of internal controls and other financial reporting matters. Dennis E. Marshall served as Chairman of the Audit Committee during 2021 and continues to serve in that capacity. John S. Runyan and Kent C. Roberts II, served on the committee until their retirement November 1, 2022, replaced by new board members Linda Park and Christina Bray. Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Marshall qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 401(h) of Regulation S-K of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Regulation S-K”). The Audit Committee met four times in 2023, and four times in 2022.

The Compensation Committee reviews the compensation for all our officers and directors and affiliates. The Committee also administers our equity incentive option plan. Mr. John Runyan served as Chairman of the Compensation Committee until November 1, 2022. Ms. Park has served as Chairman since that time. Mr. Marshall and Ms. Bray also serve on the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee acted by consent once during 2023, and twice during 2022.

Our board of directors did not modify any action or recommendation made by the Compensation Committee with respect to executive compensation for the 2023 or 2022 fiscal years. It is the opinion of the Compensation Committee that the executive compensation policies and plans provide the necessary total remuneration program to properly align their performance and the interests of our stockholders using competitive and equitable executive compensation in a balanced and reasonable manner, for both the short and long term.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee was established in November 2018. Its responsibilities include to identify and screen individuals qualified to become members of the Board, to make recommendations to the Board regarding the selection and approval of the nominees for director to be submitted to a stockholder vote at the annual meeting of stockholders, subject to approval by the Board, to development corporate governance guidelines and oversee corporate governance practices, to develop a process for an annual evaluation of the Board and its committees, to review all director compensation and benefits, to review, approve and oversee related party transactions, to develop and recommend director independent standards, and to develop and recommend a Company code of conduct, to investigate any alleged breach and enforce the provisions of the code. Since its inception and until November 1, 2022, the committee was comprised of John Runyan, Dennis Marshall, and Kent C. Roberts. Since that time, it has been comprised of Ms. Bray, as chairperson, and Mr. Marshall and Ms. Park. This committee met once in 2022 (October), and did not meet in 2023.

Our board of directors follows the written code of ethics that applies to its principal executive officers, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions.

Leadership Structure of our Board of Directors

Mr. Calvert serves as both principal executive officer and Chairman of the Board. The Company does not have a lead independent director. The board has four independent directors who provide active and effective oversight of our strategic decisions: Dennis Marshall, Jack Strommen, and, until their retirement on November 1, 2022, John Runyan and Kent C. Roberts, replaced by Linda Park and Christina Bray. As of the date of this filing, the Company has determined that the leadership structure of the Board has permitted the Board to fulfill its duties effectively and efficiently and is appropriate given the size and scope of the Company and its financial condition.         

Our Board of Directors’ Role in Risk Oversight

As a smaller reporting company, our executive management team, consisting of Messrs. Calvert and Code, are also members of our board of directors. Our board of directors, including our executive management members and independent directors, is responsible for overseeing our executive management team in the execution of its responsibilities and for assessing our Company’s approach to risk management. Our board of directors exercises these responsibilities on an ongoing basis as part of its meetings and through its committees. Each member of the management team has direct access to the other Board members, and our committees of our board of directors, to ensure that all risk issues are frequently and openly communicated. Our board of directors closely monitors the information it receives from management and provides oversight and guidance to our executive management team regarding the assessment and management of risk. For example, our board of directors regularly reviews our Company’s critical strategic, operational, legal and financial risks with management to set the tone and direction for ensuring appropriate risk taking within the business.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

During the year ended December 31, 2022, until November 1, 2022, the Compensation Committee consisted of two members – John Runyan, and Dennis Marshall. Neither Mr. Runyan nor Mr. Marshall was or has ever been an employee or officer of the Company. Neither had transactions with the Company that would require disclosure under Item 404 of Regulation S-K (see “Transactions with Related Parties”, below). As of November 1, 2022, and during all of the year ended December 31, 2023, the Compensation Committee consisted of three members – Christina Bray, Linda Park, and Dennis Marshall, neither of whom have ever been an employee or officer of the Company, and neither of whom have had transactions with the Company that would require disclosure under Item 404 of Regulation S-K (see “Transactions with Related Parties”, below). Each of Ms. Park and Ms. Bray received options upon their election to the board, and each of the independent board members receive options in payment of board fees each quarter.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires our directors, certain officers and persons holding 10% or more of the Company’s Common stock to file reports regarding their ownership and regarding their acquisitions and dispositions of our Common stock with the SEC. Such persons are required by SEC regulations to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.

To our knowledge, based solely upon review of Forms 3, 4, and 5 (and amendments thereto) and written representations provided to us by executive officers, directors and stockholders beneficially owning 10% or greater of the outstanding shares, we believe that such persons filed pursuant to the requirements of the SEC on a timely basis during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Family Relationships

There are no family relationships among the directors and executive officers of our Company.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The following table sets forth all compensation earned for services rendered to our Company in all capacities for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, and 2023, by our principal executive officer and our three most highly compensated executive officers other than our principal executive officer, collectively referred to as the “Named Executive Officers.”

Summary Compensation Table

Employment Agreements

Dennis P. Calvert

On May 2, 2017, we entered into an employment agreement with our President and Chief Executive Officer Dennis P. Calvert (the “Calvert Employment Agreement”), replacing in its entirety the previous employment agreement with Mr. Calvert dated April 30, 2007.

The Calvert Employment Agreement provides that Mr. Calvert will continue to serve as the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and receive base compensation equal to his current rate of pay of $288,603 annually. In addition to this base compensation, the agreement provides that he is eligible to participate in incentive plans, stock option plans, and similar arrangements as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors, health insurance premium payments for himself and his immediate family, a car allowance of $800 per month, paid vacation of four weeks per year, and bonuses in such amount as the Compensation Committee may determine from time to time.

The Calvert Employment Agreement provides that Mr. Calvert will be granted an option (the “Option”) to purchase 3,731,322 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Option shall be a non-qualified stock option, exercisable at $0.45 per share, which represents the market price of the Company’s common stock as of the date of the agreement, exercisable for ten years from the date of grant and vesting in equal increments over five years. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any portion of the Option which has not yet vested shall be immediately vested in the event of, and prior to, a change of control, as defined in the Calvert Employment Agreement. The agreement also provides for a grant of 1,500,000 shares of common stock, subject to the execution of a “lock-up agreement” whereby the shares remain unvested unless and until the earlier of (i) a sale of the Company, (ii) the successful commercialization of the Company’s products or technologies as demonstrated by its receipt of at least $3,000,000 in cash, or the recognition of $3,000,000 in revenue, over a 12-month period from the sale of products and/or the license of technology, and (iii) the Company’s breach of the employment agreement resulting in his termination. The Option contains the other terms standard in option agreements issued by the Company, including provisions for a cashless exercise.

The Calvert Employment Agreement has a term of five years, unless earlier terminated in accordance with its terms; Mr. Calvert continues to serve as the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer. The Calvert Employment Agreement provides that Mr. Calvert’s employment may be terminated by the Company due to his death or disability, for cause, or upon a merger, acquisition, bankruptcy or dissolution of the Company. “Disability” as used in the Calvert Employment Agreement means physical or mental incapacity or illness rendering Mr. Calvert unable to perform his duties on a long-term basis (i) as evidenced by his failure or inability to perform his duties for a total of 120 days in any 360-day period, or (ii) as determined by an independent and licensed physician whom Company selects, or (iii) as determined without recourse by the Company’s disability insurance carrier. “Cause” means that Mr. Calvert has (i) engaged in willful misconduct in connection with the Company’s business; or (ii) been convicted of, or plead guilty or nolo contendre in connection with, fraud or any crime that constitutes a felony or that involves moral turpitude or theft. If Mr. Calvert’s employment is terminated due to merger or acquisition, then he will be eligible to receive the greater of (i) one year’s compensation plus an additional one-half year for each year of service since the effective date of the employment agreement or (ii) one year’s compensation plus an additional one half year for each year remaining in the term of the agreement. Otherwise, he is only entitled to receive compensation due through the date of termination.

The Calvert Employment Agreement requires Mr. Calvert to keep certain information confidential, not to solicit customers or employees of the Company or interfere with any business relationship of the Company, and to assign all inventions made or created during the term of the Calvert Employment Agreement as “work made for hire”.

Kenneth R. Code

We entered into an employment agreement dated as of April 29, 2007 with Mr. Code, our Chief Science Officer (the “Code Employment Agreement”), which we amended on December 28, 2012 such that his salary will remain at $288,603, the level paid in April 2012, with no further automatic increases. The Code Employment Agreement can automatically renew for one year periods on April 29th of each year but may be terminated “without cause” at any time upon 120 days’ notice, and upon such termination, Mr. Code would not receive the severance originally provided for. All other terms in the 2007 agreement remain the same in the Code Employment Agreement.

In addition, Mr. Code will be eligible to participate in incentive plans, stock option plans, and similar arrangements as determined by our board of directors. When such benefits are made available to our senior employees, Mr. Code is also eligible to receive health insurance premium payments for himself and his immediate family, a car allowance of $800 per month, paid vacation of four weeks per year plus an additional two weeks per year for each full year of service during the term of the agreement up to a maximum of 10 weeks per year, life insurance equal to three times his base salary and disability insurance.

The Code Employment Agreement further requires Mr. Code to keep certain information confidential, not to solicit customers or employees of our Company or interfere with any business relationship of our Company, and to assign all inventions made or created during the term of the Code Employment Agreement as “work made for hire”.

Charles K. Dargan II

Charles K. Dargan, II has served as our Chief Financial Officer since February 2008 pursuant to an engagement agreement with his company, CFO 911, that has been renewed each year.

On March 22, 2022, we and our Chief Financial Officer Charles K. Dargan, II formally agreed to extend the engagement agreement dated February 1, 2008 (the “Engagement Agreement”, which had been previously extended multiple times), pursuant to which Mr. Dargan has been and continues to serve as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. The Engagement Extension Agreement dated as of March 22, 2022 (the “Engagement Extension Agreement”) provides for an additional one-year term to expire January 31, 2023 (the “Extended Term”).

As the sole compensation for the Extended Term, Mr. Dargan was issued an option (“Option”) to purchase 25,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for each month during the Extended Term (thus, an option to purchase 300,000 shares reflecting an extended term of 12 months). The Option vests over the period of the Extended Term, with 25,000 shares having vested as of March 22, 2022, and the remaining shares to vest 25,000 shares monthly beginning March 22, 2022, and each month thereafter, so long as the agreement is in full force and effect. The Option is exercisable at $0.24 per share, the closing price of BioLargo’s common stock on the March 22, 2022, grant date, expires ten years from the grant date, and was issued pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan.

The Option is Mr. Dargan’s sole compensation for the Extended Term. As was the case in all prior terms of his engagement, there is no cash component of his compensation for the Extended Term. Mr. Dargan is eligible to be reimbursed for business expenses he incurs in connection with the performance of his services as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer (although he has made no such requests for reimbursement in the past). All other provisions of the Engagement Agreement not expressly amended pursuant to the Engagement Extension Agreement remain the same, including provisions regarding indemnification and arbitration of disputes.

On March 21, 2023, we and our Chief Financial Officer Charles K. Dargan, II formally agreed to extend the engagement agreement dated February 1, 2008 (the “Engagement Agreement”, which had been previously extended multiple times), pursuant to which Mr. Dargan has been and continues to serve as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. The Engagement Extension Agreement dated as of March 21, 2023 (the “Engagement Extension Agreement”) provides for an additional one-year term to expire January 31, 2024 (the “Extended Term”), at which time Mr. Dargan will continue to serve as CFO, unless and until either party terminates the agreement.

As the sole compensation for the Extended Term, Mr. Dargan was issued an option (“Option”) to purchase 25,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for each month during the Extended Term (thus, an option to purchase 300,000 shares reflecting an extended term of 12 months). The Option vests over the period of the Extended Term, with 25,000 shares having vested as of March 21, 2023, and the remaining shares to vest 25,000 shares monthly beginning March 31, 2023, and each month thereafter, so long as the agreement is in full force and effect. The Option is exercisable at $0.20 per share, the closing price of BioLargo’s common stock on the March 21, 2023 grant date, expires ten years from the grant date, and was issued pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan.

Joseph Provenzano

Mr. Provenzano has served as Vice President of Operations since January 1, 2008, in addition to continuing to serve as our Corporate Secretary. On May 28, 2019, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved the terms of a new employment agreement for Mr. Provenzano, and granted to him an incentive stock option (the “Option”) to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the terms of the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (“Plan”). As set forth in the Plan, the exercise price of the Option is equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the May 28 grant date, at $0.17 per share. The shares in the Option vest in five in equal increments over five years, and the Option may be exercised for up to ten years following the grant date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any portion of the Option which has not yet vested shall be immediately vested in the event of, and prior to, a change of control, as defined in the Provenzano Employment Agreement. The Option contains the other terms standard in option agreements issued by the Company, including provisions for a cashless exercise. On May 28, 2019, the Committee also granted Mr. Provenzano a restricted stock unit of 500,000 shares of common stock, subject to the execution of a “lock-up agreement” whereby the shares remain unvested unless and until the earlier of (i) a sale of the Company, (ii) the successful commercialization of the Company’s products or technologies as demonstrated by its receipt of at least $3,000,000 in cash, or the recognition of $3,000,000 in revenue, over a 12-month period from the sale of products and/or the license of technology, and (iii) the Company’s breach of the employment agreement resulting in his termination. On June 18, 2019, the other terms of his employment agreement were finalized and a document fully executed. Although fully executed on June 18, 2019, the employment agreement is effective as of May 28, 2019, to reflect Option grant date.

The Provenzano Employment Agreement provides that Mr. Provenzano will serve as our Executive Vice President of Operations, as well as the President and Chief Executive Officer of our wholly owned subsidiary ONM Environmental. Mr. Provenzano’s base compensation will remain at his current rate of $170,000 annually. In addition to this base compensation, the agreement provides that he is eligible to participate in incentive plans, stock option plans, and similar arrangements as determined by our Board of Directors, health insurance premium payments for himself and his immediate family, a car allowance covering the expenses of his personal commercial grade truck which the Company uses in Company operations on a continual basis, paid vacation of four weeks per year, and bonuses in such amount as the Compensation Committee may determine from time to time.

The Provenzano Employment Agreement has a term of five years, unless earlier terminated in accordance with its terms. The Provenzano Employment Agreement provides that Mr. Provenzano’s employment may be terminated by the Company due to his death or disability, for cause, or upon a merger, acquisition, bankruptcy or dissolution of the Company. “Disability” as used in the Provenzano Employment Agreement means physical or mental incapacity or illness rendering Mr. Provenzano unable to perform his duties on a long-term basis (i) as evidenced by his failure or inability to perform his duties for a total of 120 days in any 360-day period, or (ii) as determined by an independent and licensed physician whom Company selects, or (iii) as determined without recourse by the Company’s disability insurance carrier. “Cause” means that Mr. Provenzano has (i) engaged in willful misconduct in connection with the Company’s business; or (ii) been convicted of, or plead guilty or nolo contendre in connection with, fraud or any crime that constitutes a felony or that involves moral turpitude or theft. If Mr. Provenzano’s employment is terminated due to merger or acquisition, then he will be eligible to receive the greater of (i) one year’s compensation plus an additional one-half year for each year of service since the effective date of the employment agreement or (ii) one year’s compensation plus an additional one-half year for each year remaining in the term of the agreement. Otherwise, he is only entitled to receive compensation due through the date of termination.

The Provenzano Employment Agreement requires Mr. Provenzano to keep certain information confidential, not to solicit customers or employees of the Company or interfere with any business relationship of the Company, and to assign all inventions made or created during the term of the Provenzano Employment Agreement as “work made for hire”.

Director Compensation

Each director who is not an officer or employee of our company receives a quarterly retainer of $15,000, and committee chairpersons receive an additional $3,750 per quarter. In lieu of cash payments, on the last day of each calendar quarter, each director is issued an option to purchase our common stock at an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the last trading day of the quarter. The number of shares purchasable under each option is the dollar amount owed to the director divided by the exercise price of the option.

The following table sets forth information for the year ended December 31, 2023, regarding compensation of our non-employee directors. Directors employed by the Company do not receive any additional compensation for serving as a director.

Limitation of Liability and Indemnification Matters

As permitted by the Delaware general corporation law, we have included a provision in our certificate of incorporation to eliminate the personal liability of our directors for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors, except for liability (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to our Company, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under section 174 of the Delaware general corporation law or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. Our certificate of incorporation also provides that our Company shall, to the full extent permitted by section 145 of the Delaware general corporation law, as amended from time to time, indemnify all persons whom it may indemnify pursuant thereto.

In addition, our Bylaws provide that we are required to indemnify our officers and directors even when indemnification would otherwise be discretionary, and we are required to advance expenses to our officers and directors as incurred in connection with proceedings against them for which they may be indemnified.

We have entered into indemnification agreements with our officers and directors containing provisions that are in some respects broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the Delaware general corporation law. The indemnification agreements require us to indemnify our officers and directors against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as officers and directors other than for liabilities arising from willful misconduct of a culpable nature, to advance their expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified, and to obtain our directors’ and officers’ insurance if available on reasonable terms.

We have obtained directors’ and officers’ liability insurance in amounts comparable to other companies of our size and in our industry.

No pending litigation or proceeding involving a director, officer, employee or other agent of our Company currently exists as to which indemnification is being sought. We are not aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification by any director, officer, employee or other agent of our Company.

See “Disclosure of SEC Position on Indemnification for Securities Act Liabilities.”

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

The following table sets forth information regarding unexercised stock options and equity incentive plan awards for each of the Named Executive Officers outstanding as of December 31, 2023.  All stock or options that were granted to the Named Executive Officers during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 have fully vested, except as indicated.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of shares of our common stock as of April 12, 2024, including rights to acquire beneficial ownership of shares of our common stock within 60 days of April 12, 2024, by (a) all stockholders known to the Company to be beneficial owners of more than 5% of the outstanding Common stock; (b) each director, (c) each Named Executive Officer, and (d) all directors and executive officers of the Company as a group:

Except as noted in any footnotes below, each person has sole voting power and sole dispositive power as to all of the shares shown as beneficially owned by them. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Our Company has adopted a policy that all transactions between our Company and its executive officers, directors and other affiliates must be approved by a majority of the members of our board of directors and by a majority of the disinterested members of our board of directors, and must be on terms no less favorable to our Company than could be obtained from unaffiliated third parties.

Our officers and board members routinely forego cash compensation in lieu of receiving common stock or options to purchase common stock, pursuant to a plan adopted by our board for the payment of outstanding payables. These transactions are routinely under the threshold for disclosure.

The following information discloses any transaction, since the beginning of our last fiscal year, or any currently proposed transaction, in which we were or are proposed to be a participant and the amount involved exceeds $120,000 or 1% of the average of our total assets over the last two completed fiscal years, and in which any related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest: none.

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

As reflected in the Certificate of Incorporation, as amended August 30, 2022, our authorized capital stock consists of 550,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.00067 per share, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.00067 per share.

(1) Number of reserved shares include the shares registered in this offering.

Common Stock

Dividends. Each share of our common stock is entitled to receive an equal dividend, if one is declared. We cannot provide any assurance that we will declare or pay cash dividends on our common stock in the future. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws, and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. Our board of directors may determine it to be necessary to retain future earnings (if any) to finance operations. See “Risk Factors” and “Dividend Policy.”

Liquidation. If our Company is liquidated, then assets that remain (if any) after the creditors are paid and the owners of preferred stock receive liquidation preferences (as applicable) will be distributed to the owners of our common stock pro rata.

Voting Rights. Each share of our common stock entitles the owner to one vote. There is no cumulative voting. A simple majority can elect all of the directors at a given meeting, and the minority would not be able to elect any director at that meeting.

Preemptive Rights. Owners of our common stock have no preemptive rights. We may sell shares of our common stock to third parties without first offering such shares to current stockholders.

Redemption Rights. We do not have the right to buy back shares of our common stock except in extraordinary transactions, such as mergers and court approved bankruptcy reorganizations. Owners of our common stock do not ordinarily have the right to require us to buy their common stock. We do not have a sinking fund to provide assets for any buy back.

Conversion Rights. Shares of our common stock cannot be converted into any other kind of stock except in extraordinary transactions, such as mergers and court approved bankruptcy reorganizations.

Nonassessability. All outstanding shares of our common stock are fully paid and nonassessable.

Preferred Stock

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes our board of directors to issue “blank check” preferred stock. Our board of directors may divide this preferred stock into series and establish the rights, preferences and privileges thereof. Our board of directors may, without prior stockholder approval, issue any or all of the shares of this preferred stock with dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights that could adversely affect the relative voting power or other rights of our common stock. Preferred stock could be used as a method of discouraging, delaying or preventing a takeover or other change in control of our Company. Issuances of preferred stock in the future could have a dilutive effect on our common stock.

As of the date of this prospectus, there are no shares of our preferred stock outstanding.

SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

This prospectus relates to the possible resale by the selling stockholders of shares of common stock that have been or may be issued upon exercise of issued and outstanding warrants. The selling stockholders, may, from time to time, offer and sell pursuant to this prospectus any or all of the shares that they have acquired upon exercise of the warrants. The selling stockholders may sell some, all or none of their shares. We do not know how long the selling stockholders will hold the shares before selling them, and we currently have no agreements, arrangements or understandings with any of the selling stockholders regarding the sale of any of the shares.

The following table presents information regarding the selling stockholders and the shares that they may offer and sell from time to time under this prospectus. The table is prepared based on information supplied to us by the selling stockholders, and reflects their holdings as of April 12, 2024. None of the selling stockholders, nor any of their affiliates, has held a position or office, or had any other material relationship, with us or any of our predecessors or affiliates, other than as indicated in the table below. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13d-3 thereunder. Percentages are based on 330,692,025 shares, which is comprised of 295,803,576 shares outstanding as of April 12, 2024, plus 34,888,449 shares that would be issued upon exercise of the warrants by the Selling Stockholders.

* Less than one percent.

(1) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 878,688 shares of common stock held by ADFN LLC. Frederick Nielsen is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by ADFN LLC.

(2) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 526,316 shares of common stock held by Allen K. Carlson.

(3) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 263,158 shares of common stock held by Bauer Bros. Farms Inc.. Glen Bauer and Duane Bauer are deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Bauer Bros. Farms Inc..

(4) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 789,474 shares of common stock held by Benjamin Burich Smith Trust Benjamin B. Smith, Trustee. Benjamin B. Smith is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Benjamin Burich Smith Trust Benjamin B. Smith, Trustee.

(5) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 2,157,896 shares of common stock held by Bruce Hankerson, Trustee Bruce L Hankerson Rev Trst dtd 7/27/23. Bruce L. Hankerson is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Bruce Hankerson, Trustee Bruce L Hankerson Rev Trst dtd 7/27/23.

(6) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 454,545 shares of common stock held by Bruce L. Evans and Kathryn M. Evans.

(7) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 131,579 shares of common stock held by C1P Solutions. Julius Argumedo is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by C1P Solutions.

(8) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 7,149 shares of common stock held by Christopher M. Rathman.

(9) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 263,158 shares of common stock held by Clifford Sarkin.

(10) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock held by Daniel Linder.

(11) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 131,579 shares of common stock held by David Sykora.

(12) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 131,579 shares of common stock held by Donald Seitz.

(13) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 500,000 shares of common stock held by Elizabeth Stowell.

(14) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 151,515 shares of common stock held by Gideon Akande.

(15) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 1,878,788 shares of common stock held by Gordon Holmes.

(16) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 151,515 shares of common stock held by Howard Isaacs.

(17) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 156,250 shares of common stock held by J. Michael Johnston.

(18) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 263,158 shares of common stock held by James Hilbert.

(19) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 263,158 shares of common stock held by James W. Wilde, Trustee James W. Wilde Revocable Trust. James W. Wilde is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by James W. Wilde, Trustee James W. Wilde Revocable Trust.

(20) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 138,889 shares of common stock held by Jeffrey Walters.

(21) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 352,941 shares of common stock held by Jeremy Diller.

(22) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 263,158 shares of common stock held by Jerry Clark .

(23) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 625,000 shares of common stock held by John Bonutto.

(24) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 315,790 shares of common stock held by Jon Eickstead.

(25) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 164,474 shares of common stock held by Joseph P. Sullivan.

(26) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 7,149 shares of common stock held by Julie A. Rumble.

(27) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 7,149 shares of common stock held by Kael C. Brown.

(28) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 315,790 shares of common stock held by Kevin A. Berg and Jennifer C. Berg.

(29) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 151,515 shares of common stock held by Kevin MacGinnon and Hanna T. Piech, JT.

(30) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 131,579 shares of common stock held by Kristie Bergstrom.

(31) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 526,316 shares of common stock held by Larry R. Carlson.

(32) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 1,538,462 shares of common stock held by Lawrence Greaves, trustee Greaves Family Trust. Lawrence Greaves is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Lawrence Greaves, trustee Greaves Family Trust.

(33) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 285,714 shares of common stock held by LGH Investments, LLC. Luke Hoppel is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by LGH Investments, LLC.

(34) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 2,198,142 shares of common stock held by Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC. Josh Scheinfeld and Jonathan Cope, the Managing Members of Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, are deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC.

(35) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 187,500 shares of common stock held by Linda Park.

(36) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 7,149 shares of common stock held by Lisa A. Newman.

(37) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 133,333 shares of common stock held by Mai Ta.

(38) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 1,157,894 shares of common stock held by Mark Bjorg.

(39) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 7,149 shares of common stock held by Mark S. Lewis.

(40) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of common stock held by Martin J. Stassel, Trustee The Stassel Family Trust dtd 9/27/2017. Martin J. Stassel is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Martin J. Stassel, Trustee The Stassel Family Trust dtd 9/27/2017.

(41) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 303,030 shares of common stock held by Matthew F. Moore.

(42) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 315,790 shares of common stock held by Michael and Elisabeth Flood LivTrust dtd 9/14/2017. Michael Flood and Elisabeth Flood are deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Michael and Elisabeth Flood LivTrust dtd 9/14/2017.

(43) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 312,500 shares of common stock held by Michael Feldman.

(44) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 333,333 shares of common stock held by Michael Jones, Trustee The Jones-Wagner Family Trust. Michael Jones is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Michael Jones, Trustee The Jones-Wagner Family Trust.

(45) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 315,790 shares of common stock held by Michael McCormick and Tracy L. Fenney.

(46) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 315,790 shares of common stock held by Michael Salmen.

(47) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 1,025,641 shares of common stock held by Mike Matuz.

(48) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 263,158 shares of common stock held by Neil Kapoor.

(49) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 131,579 shares of common stock held by Pardev Holdings LLC. Deven Parlikar is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Pardev Holdings LLC.

(50) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 131,579 shares of common stock held by ParMed Holdings LLC. Medha Parlikar is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by ParMed Holdings LLC.

(51) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 156,250 shares of common stock held by Peter Hauser.

(52) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 562,250 shares of common stock held by Peter Lange Brakke.

(53) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common stock held by Peter Schultz, Tte, Sunshine and Rain Asset Management Irrevocable Trust. Peter Schultz is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Peter Schultz, Tte, Sunshine and Rain Asset Management Irrevocable Trust.

(54) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 849,415 shares of common stock held by Rainer Julian Lipski.

(55) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock held by Randy L. Hines.

(56) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 312,500 shares of common stock held by Raymond Pronto.

(57) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 138,889 shares of common stock held by Richard J. Charter.

(58) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 156,250 shares of common stock held by Ronald E. Tendler, Trustee Tendler Family Trust. Ronald E. Tendler is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Ronald E. Tendler, Trustee Tendler Family Trust.

(59) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 171,580 shares of common stock held by Russell S. King.

(60) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 263,158 shares of common stock held by Ryan and Lisa Aufforth.

(61) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 7,149 shares of common stock held by Sarah M. Wisniewski.

(62) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 1,025,641 shares of common stock held by Scott Vivian.

(63) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 526,316 shares of common stock held by Scott Walker.

(64) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 1,652,113 shares of common stock held by Sean J. Hunter.

(65) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 303,030 shares of common stock held by Stephen T. Steiner.

(66) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 151,515 shares of common stock held by Steve S. Helms.

(67) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 263,158 shares of common stock held by Steven E. Kvistad TTEE, Steven E. Kvistad Trust Dtd. 9/14/2021. Steven E. Kvistad is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Steven E. Kvistad TTEE, Steven E. Kvistad Trust Dtd. 9/14/2021.

(68) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 263,158 shares of common stock held by Steven Nelson, Louise Nelson JT TEN/WROS. Steven Nelson is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Steven Nelson, Louise Nelson JT TEN/WROS.

(69) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 468,750 shares of common stock held by Tangiers Global, LLC. Michael Sobek and Justin Ederle are deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Tangiers Global, LLC.

(70) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 263,158 shares of common stock held by Ted Storlie.

(71) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 416,667 shares of common stock held by The Ted M Butler and Kathleen V Butler Living Trust UAD 8/14/97. Ted M. Butler and Kathleen V. Butler are deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by The Ted M Butler and Kathleen V Butler Living Trust UAD 8/14/97.

(72) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 2,833,333 shares of common stock held by Tysadco Partners. Jeffrey Hart is deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Tysadco Partners.

(73) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 625,000 shares of common stock held by Vincent Severino, trustee Severino Family Trust. Vincent Severino and Lois Severino are deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Vincent Severino, trustee Severino Family Trust.

(74) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 613,333 shares of common stock held by Voyager Biotech Fund I, LLC. Dan Carless, Sr., Lois L. Carless, Daniel Carless, Jr., Erica Carless, Jack Scott, Linda Scott, Craig A. Kelley, Juanita Kelley, Gary S. Lovelace are deemed the beneficial owner(s) of the shares and warrants held by Voyager Biotech Fund I, LLC.

(75) Shares beneficially owned before this offering include warrants to purchase 378,048 shares of common stock held by Zack Derelioglu.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

The common stock offered by this prospectus is being offered by the selling stockholders. The common stock may be sold or distributed from time to time by the selling stockholders directly to one or more purchasers or through brokers, dealers, or underwriters who may act solely as agents at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market prices, at negotiated prices, or at fixed prices, which may be changed. The sale of the common stock offered by this prospectus could be effected in one or more of the following methods:

In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the shares may be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in certain states, the shares may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the state or an exemption from the state’s registration or qualification requirement is available and complied with.

Each selling stockholder is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act.

Each selling stockholder has informed us that it intends to use an unaffiliated broker-dealer to effectuate all sales, if any, of the common stock that it may receive pursuant to the transactions described in the prospectus. Such sales will be made at prices and at terms then prevailing or at prices related to the then current market price. Each such unaffiliated broker-dealer will be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act. Each selling stockholder has informed us that each such broker-dealer will receive commissions from the selling stockholder that will not exceed customary brokerage commissions.

Brokers, dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of the shares as agents may receive compensation in the form of commissions, discounts, or concessions from the selling stockholder and/or purchasers of the common stock for whom the broker-dealers may act as agent. The compensation paid to a particular broker-dealer may be less than or in excess of customary commissions. Neither we nor the selling stockholders can presently estimate the amount of compensation that any agent will receive.

We know of no existing arrangements between a selling stockholder or any other stockholder, broker, dealer, underwriter or agent relating to the sale or distribution of the shares offered by this prospectus. At the time a particular offer of shares is made, a prospectus supplement, if required, will be distributed that will set forth the names of any agents, underwriters or dealers, any compensation from the selling stockholder, and any other required information.

We will pay the expenses incident to the registration, offering, and sale of the shares to the selling stockholders. We have agreed to indemnify the selling stockholders and certain other persons against certain liabilities in connection with the offering of shares of common stock offered hereby, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act or, if such indemnity is unavailable, to contribute amounts required to be paid in respect of such liabilities.

We have advised the selling stockholders that each is required to comply with Regulation M promulgated under the Exchange Act. With certain exceptions, Regulation M precludes a selling stockholder, any affiliated purchasers, and any broker-dealer or other person who participates in the distribution, from bidding for or purchasing, or attempting to induce any person to bid for or purchase, any security which is the subject of the distribution until the entire distribution is complete. Regulation M also prohibits any bids or purchases made in order to stabilize the price of a security in connection with the distribution of that security. All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the securities offered by this prospectus.

This offering will terminate on the date that all shares offered by this prospectus have been sold by the selling stockholders.

Our common stock is quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbol “BLGO”.

Blue Sky Restrictions on Resale

If the selling stockholder desires to sell shares of our common stock under this prospectus in the United States, then the selling stockholder will also need to comply with state securities laws, also known as “Blue Sky laws,” with regard to secondary sales. All states offer a variety of exemptions from registration for secondary sales. Many states, for example, have an exemption for secondary trading of securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act or for securities of issuers that publish continuous disclosure of financial and non-financial information in a recognized securities manual, such as Standard & Poor’s.

Any person who purchases shares of our common stock from the selling stockholder under this prospectus who then desires to sell such shares also will have to comply with Blue Sky laws regarding secondary sales.

DISCLOSURE OF SEC POSITION ON

INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES

As permitted by the Delaware general corporation law, we have included a provision in our certificate of incorporation to eliminate the personal liability of our directors for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors, except for liability (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to our Company, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under section 174 of the Delaware general corporation law or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. Our certificate of incorporation also provides that our Company shall, to the full extent permitted by section 145 of the Delaware general corporation law, as amended from time to time, indemnify all persons whom it may indemnify pursuant thereto.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to the directors, officers or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by our Company of expenses incurred or paid by such director, officer or controlling person of our Company in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by any director, officer or controlling person of our Company in connection with the securities being registered in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by our Company is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

LEGAL OPINION

The validity of the shares covered by the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part has been passed upon for us by Corporate Securities Legal LLP.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus for the year ended December 31, 2023, have been audited by Hacker Johnson & Smith, PA, an independent registered public accounting firm, to the extent and for the period set forth in their report appearing elsewhere herein (which expressed an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph referring to conditions that raise substantial doubt about BioLargo, Inc. and subsidiaries’ ability to continue as a going concern) and are included in reliance upon such report given upon the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

The consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus for the year ended December 31, 2022 have been audited by Haskell & White LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, to the extent and for the period set forth in their report appearing elsewhere herein (which expressed an unqualified opinion and includes an emphasis of a matter paragraph referring to conditions that raise substantial doubt about BioLargo, Inc. and subsidiaries’ ability to continue as a going concern) and are included in reliance upon such report given upon the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These reports, proxy statements and other information may be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 and at the SEC’s regional offices located at the Northwestern Atrium Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661 and 233 Broadway, New York, New York 10279. You can obtain copies of these materials from the Public Reference Section of the SEC upon payment of fees prescribed by the SEC. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC’s website (www.SEC.gov) contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC.

We have filed a registration statement on Form S-1 with the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the securities offered in this prospectus. This prospectus, which is filed as part of a registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement, some portions of which have been omitted in accordance with the SEC’s rules and regulations. Statements made in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract, agreement or other document referred to in this prospectus are not necessarily complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to each such contract, agreement or other document that is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. The registration statement may be inspected without charge at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC, and copies of such materials can be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the SEC at prescribed rates. You may obtain additional information regarding our Company on our website, located at www.BioLargo.com.

BIOLARGO, INC.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS