Business segment information | 11. Business segment information The Company's operations are managed through two reporting segments: Global Spine and Global Orthopedics. These reporting segments represent the operating segments for which the Chief Executive Officer, who is also the CODM, reviews financial information and makes resource allocation decisions among businesses. The primary metric used by the CODM in managing the Company is adjusted earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization (“adjusted EBITDA”, a non-GAAP financial measure). Adjusted EBITDA represents earnings before interest income (expense), income taxes, depreciation, and amortization, and excludes the impact of share-based compensation, gains and losses related to changes in foreign exchange rates, charges related to the SeaSpine merger and other strategic investments, acquisition-related fair value adjustments, gains and/or losses on investments, litigation and investigation charges, charges related to initial compliance with regulations set forth by the European Union Medical Device Regulation, and succession charges. Corporate activities are comprised of operating expenses not directly identifiable within the two reporting segments, such as human resources, finance, legal, and information technology functions. The Company neither discretely allocates assets, other than goodwill, to its operating segments nor evaluates the operating segments using discrete asset information. Global Spine The Global Spine reporting segment offers two primary product categories: (i) Bone Growth Therapies and (ii) Spinal Implants, Biologics, and Enabling Technologies. The Bone Growth Therapies product category manufactures, distributes, sells, and provides support services for market leading devices used adjunctively in high-risk spinal fusion procedures and to treat both nonunion and acute fractures in the orthopedic space. These Class III medical devices are indicated as an adjunctive, noninvasive treatment to improve fusion success rates in the cervical and lumbar spine as well as a therapeutic treatment for non-spine acute and nonunion fractures. This product category uses distributors and a direct sales channel to sell its devices to hospitals, healthcare providers, and patients, in the U.S. Spinal Implants, Biologics, and Enabling Technologies is comprised of (i) a broad portfolio of spine fixation and motion preservation implant products used in surgical procedures of the spine, (ii) one of the most comprehensive biologics portfolios in both the demineralized bone matrix and cellular allograft market segments, and (iii) image-guided surgical solutions to facilitate degenerative, minimally invasive, and complex surgical procedures. Spinal Implants, Biologics, and Enabling Technologies products are sold through a network of distributors and sales representatives to hospitals and healthcare providers on a global basis for Spinal Implants and Enabling Technologies, and primarily within the U.S. for Biologics. Global Orthopedics The Global Orthopedics reporting segment offers products and solutions for limb deformity correction and complex limb reconstruction with a focus on use in trauma, adult and pediatric limb reconstruction, and foot and ankle procedures. This reporting segment specializes in the design, development, and marketing of external and internal fixation orthopedic products that are coupled with enabling digital technologies to serve the complete patient treatment pathway. We sell these products through a global network of distributors and sales representatives to hospitals, healthcare organizations, and healthcare providers. Corporate Corporate activities are comprised of the operating expenses and activities of the Company not necessarily identifiable within the two reporting segments. The table below presents net sales by major product category by reporting segment: Three Months Ended March 31, (Unaudited, U.S. Dollars, in thousands) 2024 2023 Change Bone Growth Therapies $ 52,477 $ 47,714 10.0 % Spinal Implants, Biologics, and Enabling Technologies 108,816 101,492 7.2 % Global Spine 161,293 149,206 8.1 % Global Orthopedics 27,315 25,998 5.1 % Net sales $ 188,608 $ 175,204 7.7 % The following table presents adjusted EBITDA, the primary metric used in managing the Company, by reporting segment: Three Months Ended March 31, (Unaudited, U.S. Dollars, in thousands) 2024 2023 Adjusted EBITDA by reporting segment Global Spine $ 19,890 $ 14,981 Global Orthopedics ( 1,492 ) 44 Corporate ( 10,733 ) ( 11,821 ) Consolidated adjusted EBITDA $ 7,665 $ 3,204 Reconciling items: Interest expense, net $ 4,558 $ 1,289 Depreciation and amortization 14,862 12,670 Share-based compensation expense 8,800 13,020 Foreign exchange impact 1,588 ( 583 ) SeaSpine merger-related costs 4,520 20,740 Strategic investments 120 661 Acquisition-related fair value adjustments 4,217 11,636 Interest and loss on investments ( 260 ) — Litigation and investigation costs 2,260 469 Succession charges 2,210 — Medical device regulation — 3,629 All other ( 41 ) — Loss before income taxes $ ( 35,169 ) $ ( 60,327 ) The following table presents depreciation and amortization by reporting segment: Three Months Ended March 31, (Unaudited, U.S. Dollars, in thousands) 2024 2023 Global Spine $ 11,929 $ 9,599 Global Orthopedics 2,207 1,629 Corporate 726 1,442 Total $ 14,862 $ 12,670 Geographical information The table below presents net sales by geographic destination for each reporting segment and for the consolidated Company: Three Months Ended (Unaudited, U.S. Dollars, in thousands) 2024 2023 Global Spine U.S. $ 151,865 $ 139,457 International 9,428 9,749 Total Global Spine 161,293 149,206 Global Orthopedics U.S. 8,154 6,636 International 19,161 19,362 Total Global Orthopedics 27,315 25,998 Consolidated U.S. 160,019 146,093 International 28,589 29,111 Net sales $ 188,608 $ 175,204 The following data includes property, plant, and equipment by geographic area: (U.S. Dollars, in thousands) March 31, December 31, (Unaudited) U.S. $ 142,355 $ 142,727 Italy 10,033 10,187 Germany 2,620 3,030 Others 3,124 3,116 Total $ 158,132 $ 159,060 |