The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (GS) 424B2Prospectus for primary offering

The estimated value of your securities at the time the terms of your securities are set on the pricing date is equal to approximately $954 per $1,000 face amount. For a discussion of the estimated value and the price at which Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (“GS&Co.”) would initially buy or sell your securities, if it makes a market in the securities, see page PS-10.

The securities have more complex features than conventional debt securities and involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. You should read the disclosure herein to better understand the terms and risks of your investment, including the credit risk of GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. See page PS-11.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The securities are not bank deposits and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.

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You should read this pricing supplement together with WFS product supplement no. 3 dated February 24, 2023, the prospectus supplement dated February 13, 2023 and the prospectus dated February 13, 2023 for additional information about the securities. Information included in this pricing supplement supersedes information in the product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus to the extent it is different from that information. Certain defined terms used but not defined herein have the meanings set forth in the product supplement, prospectus supplement or prospectus.

When we refer to “we,” “us” or “our” in this pricing supplement, we refer only to GS Finance Corp. and not to any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, references to “The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.”, our parent company, mean only The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and do not include its subsidiaries or affiliates and references to “Goldman Sachs” mean The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. together with its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates, including us.

You may access the product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus on the SEC website www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filing for the relevant date on the SEC website):

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/886982/000156459023002399/gs-424b2.htm

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/886982/000119312523036241/d407224d424b2.htm

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/886982/000119312523036147/d457531d424b2.htm

The securities will be issued under the senior debt indenture, dated as of October 10, 2008, as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 20, 2015, each among us, as issuer, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. This indenture, as so supplemented and as further supplemented thereafter, is referred to as the “GSFC 2008 indenture” in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

The securities will be issued in book-entry form and represented by master note no. 3, dated March 22, 2021. References herein to “calculation day” or “final calculation day” shall be deemed to refer to “determination date” in such master note no. 3, dated March 22, 2021.

GS Finance Corp. may use this prospectus in the initial sale of the securities. In addition, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC or any other affiliate of GS Finance Corp. may use this prospectus in a market-making transaction in a security after its initial sale. Unless GS Finance Corp. or its agent informs the purchaser otherwise in the confirmation of sale, this prospectus is being used in a market-making transaction.

Wells Fargo Advisors (“WFA”) is a trade name used by Wells Fargo Clearing Services, LLC and Wells Fargo Advisors Financial Network, LLC, members SIPC, separate registered broker-dealers and non-bank affiliates of Wells Fargo & Company.

The estimated value of your securities at the time the terms of your securities are set on the pricing date (as determined by reference to pricing models used by Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (GS&Co.) and taking into account our credit spreads) is equal to approximately $954 per $1,000 face amount, which is less than the original offering price. The value of your securities at any time will reflect many factors and cannot be predicted; however, the price (not including GS&Co.’s customary bid and ask spreads) at which GS&Co. would initially buy or sell securities (if it makes a market, which it is not obligated to do) and the value that GS&Co. will initially use for account statements and otherwise is equal to approximately the estimated value of your securities at the time of pricing, plus an additional amount (initially equal to $41 per $1,000 face amount).

Prior to March 18, 2025, the price (not including GS&Co.’s customary bid and ask spreads) at which GS&Co. would buy or sell your securities (if it makes a market, which it is not obligated to do) will equal approximately the sum of (a) the then-current estimated value of your securities (as determined by reference to GS&Co.’s pricing models) plus (b) any remaining additional amount (the additional amount will decline to zero on a straight-line basis from the time of pricing through March 17, 2025). On and after March 18, 2025, the price (not including GS&Co.’s customary bid and ask spreads) at which GS&Co. would buy or sell your securities (if it makes a market) will equal approximately the then-current estimated value of your securities determined by reference to such pricing models.

The securities are not appropriate for all investors. The securities may be an appropriate investment for investors who:

The securities may not be an appropriate investment for investors who:

The considerations identified above are not exhaustive. Whether or not the securities are an appropriate investment for you will depend on your individual circumstances, and you should reach an investment decision only after you and your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisors have carefully considered the appropriateness of an investment in the securities in light of your particular circumstances. You should also review carefully the “Selected Risk Considerations” herein, as well as the risks and considerations described in the accompanying prospectus, in the accompanying prospectus supplement and the “Risk Factors” in the accompanying product supplement for risks related to an investment in the securities. For more information about the underlying stock, please see the section titled “NVIDIA Corporation” below.

If the securities have not been previously automatically called, on each contingent coupon payment date, you will either receive a contingent coupon payment or you will not receive a contingent coupon payment, depending on the stock closing price of the underlying stock on the related calculation day, as follows:

If the securities have not been automatically called prior to the stated maturity date, then at maturity you will receive (in addition to the final contingent coupon payment, if any) a cash payment per security (the maturity payment amount) calculated as follows:

The following profile illustrates the potential maturity payment amount on the securities (excluding the final contingent coupon payment, if any) for a range of hypothetical performances of the underlying stock from the starting price to the ending price, assuming the securities have not been automatically called prior to the stated maturity date. As this profile illustrates, in no event will you have a positive rate of return based solely on the maturity payment amount received at maturity; any positive return will be based solely on the contingent coupon payments, if any, received during the term of the securities. This graph has been prepared for purposes of illustration only. Your actual return will depend on the actual ending price and whether you hold your securities to stated maturity.

An investment in your securities is subject to the risks described below, as well as the risks and considerations described in the accompanying prospectus, in the accompanying prospectus supplement and under “Risk Factors” in the accompanying WFS product supplement no. 3. You should carefully review these risks and considerations as well as the terms of the securities described herein and in the accompanying prospectus, the accompanying prospectus supplement and the accompanying WFS product supplement no. 3. Your securities are a riskier investment than ordinary debt securities. Also, your securities are not equivalent to investing directly in the underlying stock. You should carefully consider whether the offered securities are appropriate given your particular circumstances.

Risks Related to Structure, Valuation and Secondary Market Sales

The Estimated Value of Your Securities At the Time the Terms of Your Securities Are Set On the Pricing Date (as Determined By Reference to Pricing Models Used By GS&Co.) Is Less Than the Original Offering Price Of Your Securities.

The original offering price for your securities exceeds the estimated value of your securities as of the time the terms of your securities are set on the pricing date, as determined by reference to GS&Co.’s pricing models and taking into account our credit spreads. Such estimated value on the pricing date is set forth above under “Estimated Value of Your Securities”; after the pricing date, the estimated value as determined by reference to these models will be affected by changes in market conditions, the creditworthiness of GS Finance Corp., as issuer, the creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor, and other relevant factors. The price at which GS&Co. would initially buy or sell your securities (if GS&Co. makes a market, which it is not obligated to do), and the value that GS&Co. will initially use for account statements and otherwise, also exceeds the estimated value of your securities as determined by reference to these models. As agreed by GS&Co. and the distribution participants, this excess (i.e., the additional amount described under “Estimated Value of Your Securities”) will decline to zero on a straight line basis over the period from the date hereof through the applicable date set forth above under “Estimated Value of Your Securities”. Thereafter, if GS&Co. buys or sells your securities it will do so at prices that reflect the estimated value determined by reference to such pricing models at that time. The price at which GS&Co. will buy or sell your securities at any time also will reflect its then current bid and ask spread for similar sized trades of structured securities.

In estimating the value of your securities as of the time the terms of your securities are set on the pricing date, as disclosed above under “Estimated Value of Your Securities”, GS&Co.’s pricing models consider certain variables, including principally our credit spreads, interest rates (forecasted, current and historical rates), volatility, price-sensitivity analysis and the time to maturity of the securities. These pricing models are proprietary and rely in part on certain assumptions about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. As a result, the actual value you would receive if you sold your securities in the secondary market, if any, to others may differ, perhaps materially, from the estimated value of your securities determined by reference to our models due to, among other things, any differences in pricing models or assumptions used by others. See “— The Market Value of Your Securities May Be Influenced by Many Unpredictable Factors” below.

The difference between the estimated value of your securities as of the time the terms of your securities are set on the pricing date and the original offering price is a result of certain factors, including principally the underwriting discount and commissions, the expenses incurred in creating, documenting and marketing the securities, and an estimate of the difference between the amounts we pay to GS&Co. and the amounts GS&Co. pays to us in connection with your securities. We pay to GS&Co. amounts based on what we would pay to holders of a non-structured security with a similar maturity. In return for such payment, GS&Co. pays to us the amounts we owe under your securities.

In addition to the factors discussed above, the value and quoted price of your securities at any time will reflect many factors and cannot be predicted. If GS&Co. makes a market in the securities, the price quoted by GS&Co. would reflect any changes in market conditions and other relevant factors, including any deterioration in our creditworthiness or perceived creditworthiness or the creditworthiness or perceived creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. These changes may adversely affect the value of your securities, including the price you may receive for your securities in any market making transaction. To the extent that GS&Co. makes a market in the securities, the quoted price will reflect the estimated value determined by reference to GS&Co.’s pricing models at that time, plus or minus its then current bid and ask spread for similar sized trades of structured securities (and subject to the declining excess amount described above).

Furthermore, if you sell your securities, you will likely be charged a commission for secondary market transactions, or the price will likely reflect a dealer discount. This commission or discount will further reduce the proceeds you would receive for your securities in a secondary market sale.

There is no assurance that GS&Co., WFS or any other party will be willing to purchase your securities at any price and, in this regard, GS&Co. and WFS are not obligated to make a market in the securities. See “Risk Factors — Your Securities May Not Have an Active Trading Market” in the accompanying product supplement.

The Securities Are Subject to the Credit Risk of the Issuer and the Guarantor.

Although the contingent coupons (if any) and return on the securities will be based on the performance of the underlying stock, the payment of any amount due on the securities is subject to the credit risk of GS Finance Corp., as issuer of the securities, and the credit risk of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor of the securities. The securities are our unsecured obligations. Investors are dependent on our ability to pay all amounts due on the securities, and therefore investors are subject to our credit risk and to changes in the market’s view of our creditworthiness. Similarly, investors are dependent on the ability of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor of the securities, to pay all amounts due on the securities, and therefore are also subject to its credit risk and to changes in the market’s view of its creditworthiness. See “Description of the Notes We May Offer — Information About Our Medium-Term Notes, Series F Program — How the Notes Rank Against Other Debt” on page S-5 of the accompanying prospectus supplement and “Description of Debt Securities We May Offer — Guarantee by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.” on page 67 of the accompanying prospectus.

You May Lose Your Entire Investment in the Securities.

You can lose your entire investment in the securities. Assuming your securities are not automatically called, the maturity payment amount on your securities, if any, on the stated maturity date will be based on the performance of the underlying stock as measured from the starting price to the stock closing price on the final calculation day. If the ending price is less than the downside threshold price, you will have full downside exposure to the decrease in the price of the underlying stock from the starting price, and you will lose 1% of the face amount of your securities for every 1% that the ending price is less than the starting price. Thus, you may lose your entire investment in the securities.

Also, the market price of your securities prior to a call settlement date or the stated maturity date, as the case may be, may be significantly lower than the purchase price you pay for your securities. Consequently, if you sell your securities before the stated maturity date, you may receive far less than the amount of your investment in the securities.

The Return on Your Securities May Change Significantly Despite Only a Small Change in the Price of the Underlying Stock.

If your securities are not automatically called and the ending price is less than the downside threshold price, you will receive less than the face amount of your securities and you could lose all or a substantial portion of your investment in the securities. This means that while a decrease in the ending price to the downside threshold price will not result in a loss of principal on the securities, a decrease in the ending price to less than the downside threshold price will result in a loss of a significant portion of the face amount of the securities despite only a small change in the price of the underlying stock.

You May Not Receive a Contingent Coupon on Any Contingent Coupon Payment Date.

If the stock closing price of the underlying stock on the related calculation day is less than the coupon threshold price, you will not receive a coupon payment on the applicable contingent coupon payment date. If this occurs on every calculation day, the overall return you earn on your securities will be zero or less and such return will be less than you would have earned by investing in a security that bears interest at the prevailing market rate.

You will only receive a contingent coupon on a contingent coupon payment date if the stock closing price of the underlying stock on the related calculation day is greater than or equal to the coupon threshold price. You should be aware that, with respect to any prior calculation days that did not result in the payment of a contingent coupon, you will not be compensated for any opportunity cost implied by inflation and other factors relating to the time value of money. Further, there is no guarantee that you will receive any contingent coupon payment with respect to the securities at any time and you may lose your entire investment in the securities.

A Higher Contingent Coupon, a Lower Coupon Threshold Price and/or a Lower Downside Threshold Price May Reflect Greater Expected Volatility of the Underlying Stock, and Greater Expected Volatility Generally Indicates An Increased Risk of Declines in the Price of the Underlying Stock and, Potentially, a Significant Loss at Maturity.

The economic terms for the securities, including the contingent coupon, the coupon threshold price and the downside threshold price, are based, in part, on the expected volatility of the underlying stock at the time the terms of the securities are set. “Volatility” refers to the frequency and magnitude of changes in the price of the underlying stock.

Higher expected volatility with respect to the underlying stock as of the pricing date generally indicates a greater expectation as of that date that (i) the ending price could ultimately be less than the downside threshold price, which would result in a loss of a significant portion or all of your investment in the securities, or (ii) the stock closing price of the underlying stock on any calculation day will be less than the coupon threshold price, which would result in the nonpayment of the contingent coupon. At the time the terms of the securities are set, higher expected volatility will generally be reflected in a higher contingent coupon, a lower coupon threshold price and/or a lower downside threshold price, as compared to otherwise comparable securities issued by the same issuer with the same maturity (taking into account any ability of the issuer to redeem the securities prior to maturity) but with one or more different underlying stocks. However, there is no guarantee that the higher contingent coupon, lower coupon threshold price or lower downside threshold price set for your securities on the pricing date will adequately compensate you, from a risk-potential reward perspective, for the greater risk of receiving no contingent coupon on any contingent coupon payment date or of losing some or all of your investment in the securities.

A relatively higher contingent coupon (as compared to otherwise comparable securities), which would increase the positive return if the stock closing price of the underlying stock is greater than or equal to the coupon threshold price on a calculation day, or a relatively lower coupon threshold price, which would increase the amount that the underlying stock could decrease on a calculation day before the securities become ineligible for a particular coupon payment, may generally indicate an increased risk that the price of the underlying stock will decrease substantially, which would result in the nonpayment of the contingent coupon on some or all of the contingent coupon payment dates.

Similarly, a relatively lower downside threshold price (as compared to otherwise comparable securities), which would increase the buffer against the loss of principal, may generally indicate an increased risk that the price of the underlying stock will decrease substantially. This would result in a significant loss at maturity if the ending price is less than the downside threshold price. Further, a relatively lower downside threshold price may not indicate that the securities have a greater likelihood of a return of principal at maturity based on the performance the underlying stock.

You should not take the historical volatility of the underlying stock as an indication of its future volatility. You should be willing to accept the downside market risk of the underlying stock and the potential to not receive some contingent coupons and to lose a significant portion or all of your investment in the securities.

Your Securities Are Subject to Automatic Redemption.

We will automatically call and redeem all, but not part, of your securities on a call settlement date if, as measured on any call date, the stock closing price of the underlying stock is greater than or equal to the starting price. Therefore, the term for your securities may be reduced. You will not receive any additional contingent coupon payments after the securities are automatically called and you may not be able to reinvest the proceeds from an investment in the securities at a comparable return for a similar level of risk in the event the securities are automatically called prior to maturity. For the avoidance of doubt, if your securities are automatically called, no discounts, commissions or fees described herein will be rebated or reduced.

The Contingent Coupon Does Not Reflect the Actual Performance of the Underlying Stock from the Pricing Date to Any Calculation Day or from Calculation Day to Calculation Day.

The contingent coupon for each contingent coupon payment date is different from, and may be less than, a coupon determined based on the percentage difference of the stock closing price of the underlying stock between the pricing date and any calculation day or between two calculation days. Accordingly, the contingent coupons, if any, on the securities may be less than the return you could earn on another instrument linked to the underlying stock that pays coupons based on the performance of the underlying stock from the pricing date to any calculation day or from calculation day to calculation day.

The Market Value of Your Securities May Be Influenced by Many Unpredictable Factors.

When we refer to the market value of your securities, we mean the value that you could receive for your securities if you chose and were able to sell them in the open market before the stated maturity date. A number of factors, many of which are beyond our control and impact the value of bonds and options generally, will influence the market value of your securities, including:

Without limiting the foregoing, the market value of your securities may be negatively impacted by increasing interest rates. Such adverse impact of increasing interest rates could be significantly enhanced in securities with longer-dated maturities, the market values of which are generally more sensitive to increasing interest rates.

These factors will influence the price you will receive if you sell your securities before maturity, including the price you may receive for your securities in any market-making transaction. If you sell your securities before maturity, you may receive less than the face amount of your securities or less than you would have received had you held your securities to maturity.

You cannot predict the future prices of the underlying stock based on its historical fluctuations. The actual prices of the underlying stock over the life of the securities may bear little or no relation to the historical closing prices of the underlying stock or to the hypothetical examples shown elsewhere in this pricing supplement.

We Will Not Hold Shares of the Underlying Stock for Your Benefit

The indenture governing your security does not contain any restriction on our ability or the ability of any of our affiliates to sell, pledge or otherwise convey a share or shares of the underlying stock acquired by us or them. Neither we nor our affiliates will pledge or otherwise hold shares of the underlying stock for your benefit in order to enable you to exchange your security for shares under any circumstances. Consequently, in the event of our bankruptcy, insolvency or liquidation, any shares of the underlying stock owned by us will be subject to the claims of our creditors generally and will not be available for your benefit specifically.

You Have No Shareholder Rights or Rights to Receive the Underlying Stock.

Investing in your securities will not make you a holder of the of the underlying stock. Neither you nor any other holder or owner of your securities will have any rights with respect to the underlying stock, including any voting rights, any right to receive dividends or other distributions, any rights to make a claim against the underlying stock or any other rights of a holder of any shares of the underlying stock. Your securities will be paid in cash, as will any coupon payments, and you will have no right to receive delivery of any shares of the underlying stock.

Risks Related to Tax

Certain Considerations for Insurance Companies and Employee Benefit Plans.

Any insurance company or fiduciary of a pension plan or other employee benefit plan that is subject to the prohibited transaction rules of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, which we call “ERISA”, or the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including an IRA or a Keogh plan (or a governmental plan to which similar prohibitions apply), and that is considering purchasing the offered securities with the assets of the insurance company or the assets of such a plan, should consult with its counsel regarding whether the purchase or holding of the offered securities could become a “prohibited transaction” under ERISA, the Internal Revenue Code or any substantially similar prohibition in light of the representations a purchaser or holder in any of the above categories is deemed to make by purchasing and holding the offered securities. This is discussed in more detail under “Employee Retirement Income Security Act” below.

The Tax Consequences of an Investment in Your Securities Are Uncertain.

The tax consequences of an investment in your securities are uncertain, both as to the timing and character of any inclusion in income in respect of your securities.

The Internal Revenue Service announced on December 7, 2007 that it is considering issuing guidance regarding the tax treatment of an instrument such as your securities, and any such guidance could adversely affect the value and the tax treatment of your securities. Among other things, the Internal Revenue Service may decide to require the holders to accrue ordinary income on a current basis and recognize ordinary income on payment at maturity, and could subject non-U.S. investors to withholding tax. Furthermore, in 2007, legislation was introduced in Congress that, if enacted, would have required holders that acquired instruments such as your securities after the bill was enacted to accrue interest income over the term of such instruments even though there may be no interest payments over the term of such instruments. It is not possible to predict whether a similar or identical bill will be enacted in the future, or whether any such bill would affect the tax treatment of your securities. We describe these developments in more detail under “Supplemental Discussion of U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — United States Holders — Possible Change in Law” below. You should consult your tax advisor about this matter. Except to the extent otherwise provided by law, we intend to continue treating the securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes in accordance with the treatment described under “Supplemental Discussion of U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” below unless and until such time as Congress, the Treasury Department or the Internal Revenue Service determines that some other treatment is more appropriate. Please also consult your tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax and any other applicable tax consequences to you of owning your securities in your particular circumstances.

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) Withholding May Apply to Payments on Your Securities, Including as a Result of the Failure of the Bank or Broker Through Which You Hold the Securities to Provide Information to Tax Authorities.

Please see the discussion under “United States Taxation — Taxation of Debt Securities — Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) Withholding” in the accompanying prospectus for a description of the applicability of FATCA to payments made on your securities.

If the securities are automatically called:

If the securities are automatically called prior to stated maturity, you will receive the face amount of your securities plus a final contingent coupon payment on the call settlement date. In the event the securities are automatically called, your total return on the securities will equal any contingent coupon payments received prior to the call settlement date and the contingent coupon payment received on the call settlement date.

If the securities are not automatically called:

If the securities are not automatically called prior to stated maturity, the following table illustrates, for a range of hypothetical performance factors, the hypothetical maturity payment amount payable at stated maturity per security (excluding the final contingent coupon payment, if any). The performance factor is the ending price expressed as a percentage of the starting price (i.e., the ending price divided by the starting price).

The above figures do not take into account contingent coupon payments, if any, received during the term of the securities. As evidenced above, in no event will you have a positive rate of return based solely on the maturity payment amount received at maturity; any positive return will be based solely on the contingent coupon payments, if any, received during the term of the securities.

The above figures are for purposes of illustration only and may have been rounded for ease of analysis. If the securities are not automatically called prior to stated maturity, the actual amount you will receive at stated maturity will depend on the actual starting price and ending price.

Set forth below are examples that illustrate how to determine whether a contingent coupon payment will be paid and whether the securities will be automatically called, if applicable, on a contingent coupon payment date prior to the stated maturity date. The examples do not reflect any specific contingent coupon payment date. The following examples assume that the relevant calculation day is also a call date. The securities will not be subject to automatic call until the March 2025 calculation day. The following examples reflect the contingent coupon of $37.25 (equivalent to a contingent coupon rate of 14.90% per annum) and assume the hypothetical starting price, coupon threshold price and stock closing price for the underlying stock indicated in the examples. The terms used for purposes of these hypothetical examples do not represent any actual starting price or coupon threshold price. The hypothetical starting price of $100.00 for the underlying stock has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and does not represent the actual starting price. The actual starting price and coupon threshold price are set forth under “Terms of the Securities” above. For historical data regarding the actual closing prices of the underlying stock, see the historical information provided herein. These examples are for purposes of illustration only and the values used in the examples may have been rounded for ease of analysis.

Example 1. The stock closing price of the underlying stock on the relevant calculation day is greater than or equal to the coupon threshold price and less than the starting price. As a result, investors receive a contingent coupon payment on the applicable contingent coupon payment date and the securities are not automatically called.

Since the hypothetical stock closing price of the underlying stock on the relevant calculation day is greater than or equal to the coupon threshold price, but less than the starting price, you would receive a contingent coupon payment of $37.25 per security on the applicable contingent coupon payment date and the securities would not be automatically called.

Example 2. The stock closing price of the underlying stock on the relevant calculation day is less than the coupon threshold price. As a result, investors do not receive a contingent coupon payment on the applicable contingent coupon payment date and the securities are not automatically called.

Since the hypothetical stock closing price of the underlying stock on the relevant calculation day is less than the coupon threshold price, you would not receive a contingent coupon payment on the applicable contingent coupon payment date.

Example 3. The stock closing price of the underlying stock on the relevant calculation day (which is also a call date) is greater than or equal to the starting price. As a result, the securities are automatically called on the applicable contingent coupon payment date for the face amount plus a final contingent coupon payment.

Since the hypothetical stock closing price of the underlying stock on the relevant calculation day (which is also a call date) is greater than or equal to the starting price, the securities would be automatically called and you would receive the face amount plus a final contingent coupon payment on the applicable contingent coupon payment date, which is also referred to as the call settlement date. On the call settlement date, you would receive $1,037.25 per security.

You will not receive any further payments after the call settlement date.

Set forth below are examples of calculations of the maturity payment amount payable at stated maturity, assuming that the securities have not been automatically called prior to stated maturity and assuming the hypothetical starting price, coupon threshold price, downside threshold price and ending price indicated in the examples. The terms used for purposes of these hypothetical examples do not represent any actual starting price, coupon threshold price or downside threshold price. The hypothetical starting price of $100.00 has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and does not represent the actual starting price. The actual starting price, coupon threshold price and downside threshold price are set forth under “Terms of the Securities” above. For historical data regarding the actual closing prices of the underlying stock, see the historical information provided herein. These examples are for purposes of illustration only and the values used in the examples may have been rounded for ease of analysis.

Example 1. The ending price is greater than the starting price, the maturity payment amount is equal to the face amount of your securities at maturity and you receive a final contingent coupon payment:

Since the hypothetical ending price is greater than the hypothetical downside threshold price, the maturity payment amount would equal the face amount. Although the hypothetical ending price is significantly greater than the hypothetical starting price in this scenario, the maturity payment amount will not exceed the face amount.

In addition to any contingent coupon payments received during the term of the securities, on the stated maturity date you would receive $1,000 per security. In addition, because the hypothetical ending price is greater than the coupon threshold price, you would receive a final contingent coupon payment on the stated maturity date.

Example 2. The ending price is less than the starting price but greater than the downside threshold price and the coupon threshold price, the maturity payment amount is equal to the face amount of your securities at maturity and you receive a final contingent coupon payment:

Since the hypothetical ending price is less than the hypothetical starting price, but greater than the downside threshold price, you would receive the face amount of your securities at maturity.

In addition to any contingent coupon payments received during the term of the securities, on the stated maturity date you would receive $1,000 per security. In addition, because the hypothetical ending price is greater than the coupon threshold price, you would receive a final contingent coupon payment on the stated maturity date.

Example 3. The ending price is less than the downside threshold price, the maturity payment amount is less than the face amount of your securities at maturity and you do not receive a final contingent coupon payment:

Since the hypothetical ending price is less than the downside threshold price, you would lose a portion of the face amount of your securities and receive the maturity payment amount equal to $450.00 per security, calculated as follows:

= $1,000 × performance factor

= $1,000 × 45.00%

= $450.00

In addition to any contingent coupon payments received during the term of the securities, on the stated maturity date you would receive $450.00 per security. Because the hypothetical ending price is less than the coupon threshold price, you would not receive a final contingent coupon payment on the stated maturity date.

These examples illustrate that you will not participate in any appreciation of the underlying stock, but will be fully exposed to a decrease in the underlying stock if the ending price is less than the downside threshold price.

To the extent that the starting price, coupon threshold price, downside threshold price and ending price differ from the values assumed above, the results indicated above would be different.

Where Information About the Underlying Stock Issuer Can Be Obtained

The underlying stock is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Companies with securities registered under the Exchange Act are required to file financial and other information specified by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) periodically. Information filed by the underlying stock issuer with the SEC electronically can be reviewed through a web site maintained by the SEC. The address of the SEC’s web site is sec.gov.

Information about the underlying stock issuer may also be obtained from other sources such as press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly available documents.

We do not make any representation or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any materials referred to above, including any filings made by the underlying stock issuer with the SEC.

We Obtained the Information About the Underlying Stock Issuer From the Underlying Stock Issuer’s Public Filings

This pricing supplement relates only to your security and does not relate to the underlying stock or other securities of the underlying stock issuer. We have derived all information about the underlying stock issuer in this pricing supplement from the publicly available information referred to in the preceding subsection. We have not participated in the preparation of any of those documents or made any “due diligence” investigation or inquiry with respect to the underlying stock issuer in connection with the offering of your security. Furthermore, we do not know whether all events occurring before the date of this pricing supplement - including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents referred to above and the trading price of shares of the underlying stock - have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any events of this kind or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning the underlying stock issuer could affect the value you will receive at maturity and, therefore, the market value of your security.

Neither we nor any of our affiliates make any representation to you as to the performance of the underlying stock.

We or any of our affiliates may currently or from time to time engage in business with the underlying stock issuer, including making loans to or equity investments in the underlying stock issuer or providing advisory services to the underlying stock issuer, including merger and acquisition advisory services. In the course of that business, we or any of our affiliates may acquire non-public information about the underlying stock issuer and, in addition, one or more of our affiliates may publish research reports about the underlying stock issuer. As an investor in a security, you should undertake such independent investigation of the underlying stock issuer as in your judgment is appropriate to make an informed decision with respect to an investment in a security.

According to publicly available information, NVIDIA Corporation is a technology company that designs graphics processing units. Information filed with the SEC by the underlying stock issuer under the Exchange Act can be located by referencing its SEC file number 000-23985.

Historical Information

The closing price of the underlying stock has fluctuated in the past and may, in the future, experience significant fluctuations. In particular, the underlying stock has recently experienced extreme and unusual volatility. Any historical upward or downward trend in the closing price of the underlying stock during the period shown below is not an indication that the underlying stock is more or less likely to increase or decrease at any time during the life of your securities.

You should not take the historical prices of the underlying stock as an indication of the future performance of the underlying stock, including because of the recent volatility described above. We cannot give you any assurance that the future performance of the underlying stock will result in your receiving any contingent coupon payments or receiving an amount greater than the outstanding face amount of your securities on the stated maturity date.

Neither we nor any of our affiliates make any representation to you as to the performance of the underlying stock. Before investing in the offered securities, you should consult publicly available information to determine the prices of the underlying stock between the date of this pricing supplement and the date of your purchase of the offered securities and, given the recent volatility described above, you should pay particular attention to recent prices of the underlying stock. The actual performance of the underlying stock over the life of the offered securities, as well as the maturity payment amount, may bear little relation to the historical closing prices shown below.

The graph below shows the daily historical closing prices of the underlying stock from January 1, 2019 through December 18, 2024, adjusted for corporate events, if applicable. As a result, the following graph does not reflect the global financial crisis which began in 2008, which had a materially negative impact on the price of most equity securities. We obtained the closing prices in the graph below from Bloomberg Financial Services, without independent verification. The daily historical closing prices for NVIDIA Corporation in the graph below have been adjusted for a 4-for-1 stock split that became effective before the market open on July 20, 2021 and a 10 -for-1 stock split that became effective before the market open on June 10, 2024.

Historical Performance of NVIDIA Corporation

The following section supplements, and to the extent inconsistent therewith supersedes, the discussion of U.S. federal income taxation in the accompanying prospectus.

The following section is the opinion of Sidley Austin LLP, counsel to GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. In addition, it is the opinion of Sidley Austin LLP that the characterization of the securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes that will be required under the terms of the securities, as discussed below, is a reasonable interpretation of current law.

This section does not apply to you if you are a member of a class of holders subject to special rules, such as:

Although this section is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations under the Internal Revenue Code, published rulings and court decisions, all as currently in effect, no statutory, judicial or administrative authority directly addresses how your securities should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and as a result, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of your investment in your securities are uncertain. Moreover, these laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis.

United States Holders

This section applies to you only if you are a United States holder that holds your securities as a capital asset for tax purposes. You are a United States holder if you are a beneficial owner of each of your securities and you are:

Tax Treatment. By purchasing the securities you agree— in the absence of a change in law, an administrative determination or a judicial ruling to the contrary — to characterize your securities for all tax purposes as income-bearing pre-paid derivative contracts in respect of the underlying stock. Except as otherwise stated below, the discussion herein assumes that the securities will be so treated.

Coupon payments that you receive should be included in ordinary income at the time you receive the payment or when the payment accrues, in accordance with your regular method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Upon the sale, exchange, redemption or maturity of your securities, you should recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of cash you receive at such time (excluding any amounts attributable to accrued and unpaid coupon payments, which will be taxable as described above) and your tax basis in your securities. Your tax basis in the securities will generally be equal to the amount that you paid for the securities. If you hold your securities for more than one year, the gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss. If you hold your securities for one year or less, the gain or loss generally will be short-term capital gain or loss. Short-term capital gains are generally subject to tax at the marginal tax rates applicable to ordinary income.

We will not attempt to ascertain whether the underlying stock issuer would be treated as a “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”), within the meaning of Section 1297 of the Internal Revenue Code. If the underlying stock issuer were so treated, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could possibly apply to a United States holder. You should refer to information filed with the SEC with respect to the underlying stock issuer and consult your tax advisor regarding the possible consequences to you, if any, if the underlying stock issuer is or becomes a PFIC.

No statutory, judicial or administrative authority directly discusses how your securities should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of your investment in the securities are uncertain and alternative characterizations are possible. Accordingly, we urge you to consult your tax advisor in determining the tax consequences of an investment in your securities in your particular circumstances, including the application of state, local or other tax laws and the possible effects of changes in federal or other tax laws.

Alternative Treatments. There is no judicial or administrative authority discussing how your securities should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Therefore, the Internal Revenue Service might assert that a treatment other than that described above is more appropriate. For example, the Internal Revenue Service could treat your securities as a single debt instrument subject to special rules governing contingent payment debt instruments. Under those rules, the amount of interest you are required to take into account for each accrual period would be determined by constructing a projected payment schedule for the securities and applying rules similar to those for accruing original issue discount on a hypothetical noncontingent debt instrument with that projected payment schedule. This method is applied by first determining the comparable yield – i.e., the yield at which we would issue a noncontingent fixed rate debt instrument with terms and conditions similar to your securities – and then determining a payment schedule as of the issue date that would produce the comparable yield. These rules may have the effect of requiring you to include interest in income in respect of your securities prior to your receipt of cash attributable to that income.

If the rules governing contingent payment debt instruments apply, any gain you recognize upon the sale, exchange, redemption or maturity of your securities would be treated as ordinary interest income. Any loss you recognize at that time would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of interest you included as income in the current or previous taxable years in respect of your securities, and, thereafter, as capital loss.

If the rules governing contingent payment debt instruments apply, special rules would apply to a person who purchases securities at a price other than the adjusted issue price as determined for tax purposes.

It is possible that the Internal Revenue Service could assert that your securities should generally be characterized as described above, except that (1) the gain you recognize upon the sale, exchange, redemption or maturity of your securities should be treated as ordinary income or (2) you should not include the coupon payments in income as you receive them but instead you should reduce your basis in your securities by the amount of coupon payments that you receive. It is also possible that the Internal Revenue Service could seek to characterize your securities in a manner that results in tax consequences to you different from those described above.

It is also possible that the Internal Revenue Service could seek to characterize your securities as notional principal contracts. It is also possible that the coupon payments would not be treated as either ordinary income or interest for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but instead would be treated in some other manner.

You should consult your tax advisor as to possible alternative characterizations of your securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Possible Change in Law

In 2007, legislation was introduced in Congress that, if enacted, would have required holders that acquired instruments such as your securities after the bill was enacted to accrue interest income over the term of such instruments even though there may be no interest payments over the term of such instruments. It is not possible to predict whether a similar or identical bill will be enacted in the future, or whether any such bill would affect the tax treatment of your securities.

In addition, on December 7, 2007, the Internal Revenue Service released a notice stating that the Internal Revenue Service and the Treasury Department are actively considering issuing guidance regarding the proper U.S. federal income tax treatment of an instrument such as the offered securities including whether the holders should be required to accrue ordinary income on a current basis and whether gain or loss should be ordinary or capital. It is not possible to determine what guidance they will ultimately issue, if any. It is possible, however, that under such guidance, holders of the securities will ultimately be required to accrue income currently and this could be applied on a retroactive basis. The Internal Revenue Service and the Treasury Department are also considering other relevant issues, including whether foreign holders of such instruments should be subject to withholding tax on any deemed income accruals, and whether the special “constructive ownership rules” of Section 1260 of the Internal Revenue Code might be applied to such instruments. Except to the extent otherwise provided by law, GS Finance Corp. intends to continue treating the securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes in accordance with the treatment described above unless and until such time as Congress, the Treasury Department or the Internal Revenue Service determine that some other treatment is more appropriate.

It is impossible to predict what any such legislation or administrative or regulatory guidance might provide, and whether the effective date of any legislation or guidance will affect securities that were issued before the date that such legislation or guidance is issued. You are urged to consult your tax advisor as to the possibility that any legislative or administrative action may adversely affect the tax treatment of your securities.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

You will be subject to generally applicable information reporting and backup withholding requirements as discussed in the accompanying prospectus under “United States Taxation — Taxation of Debt Securities — Backup Withholding and Information Reporting — United States Holders” with respect to payments on your securities and, notwithstanding that we do not intend to treat the securities as debt for tax purposes, we intend to backup withhold on such payments with respect to your securities unless you comply with the requirements necessary to avoid backup withholding on debt instruments (in which case you will not be subject to such backup withholding) as set forth under “United States Taxation — Taxation of Debt Securities — United States Holders” in the accompanying prospectus. Please see the discussion under “United States Taxation — Taxation of Debt Securities — Backup Withholding and Information Reporting—United States Holders” in the accompanying prospectus for a description of the applicability of the backup withholding and information reporting rules to payments made on your securities.

Non-United States Holders

This section applies to you only if you are a non-United States holder. You are a non-United States holder if you are the beneficial owner of securities and are, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

Because the U.S. federal income tax treatment (including the applicability of withholding) of the coupon payments on the securities is uncertain, in the absence of further guidance, we intend to withhold on the coupon payments made to you at a 30% rate or at a lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty under an “other income” or similar provision. We will not make payments of any additional amounts. To claim a reduced treaty rate for withholding, you generally must provide a valid Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN, Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN-E, or an acceptable substitute form upon which you certify, under penalty of perjury, your status as a non-United States holder and your entitlement to the lower treaty rate. Payments will be made to you at a reduced treaty rate of withholding only if such reduced treaty rate would apply to any possible characterization of the payments (including, for example, if the coupon payments were characterized as contract fees). Withholding also may not apply to coupon payments made to you if: (i) the coupon payments are “effectively connected” with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States and are includable in your gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (ii) the coupon payments are attributable to a permanent establishment that you maintain in the United States, if required by an applicable tax treaty, and (iii) you comply with the requisite certification requirements (generally, by providing an Internal Revenue Service Form W-8ECI). If you are eligible for a reduced rate of United States withholding tax, you may obtain a refund of any amounts withheld in excess of that rate by timely filing a refund claim with the Internal Revenue Service.

“Effectively connected” payments includable in your United States gross income are generally taxed at rates applicable to United States citizens, resident aliens, and domestic corporations; if you are a corporate non-United States holder, “effectively connected” payments may be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” under certain circumstances.

You will be subject to generally applicable information reporting and backup withholding requirements as discussed in the accompanying prospectus under “United States Taxation — Taxation of Debt Securities — Backup Withholding and Information Reporting — Non-United States Holders” with respect to payments on your securities and, notwithstanding that we do not intend to treat the securities as debt for tax purposes, we intend to backup withhold on such payments with respect to your securities unless you comply with the requirements necessary to avoid backup withholding on debt instruments (in which case you will not be subject to such backup withholding) as set forth under “United States Taxation — Taxation of Debt Securities — Non-United States Holders” in the accompanying prospectus.

As discussed above, alternative characterizations of the securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes are possible. Should an alternative characterization of the securities, by reason of a change or clarification of the law, by regulation or otherwise, cause payments with respect to the securities to become subject to withholding tax, we will withhold tax at the applicable statutory rate and we, or the applicable withholding agent, will not make payments of any additional amounts. Prospective non-United States holders of the securities should consult their tax advisor in this regard.

Furthermore, on December 7, 2007, the Internal Revenue Service released Notice 2008-2 soliciting comments from the public on various issues, including whether instruments such as your securities at maturity or upon redemption should be subject to withholding. It is therefore possible that rules will be issued in the future, possibly with retroactive effect, that would cause payments on your securities to be subject to withholding, even if you comply with certification requirements as to your foreign status.

We will not attempt to ascertain whether the underlying stock issuer would be treated as a “United States real property holding corporation” (“USRPHC”), within the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code. If the underlying stock issuer were so treated, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could possibly apply to a non-United States holder. You should refer to information filed with the SEC with respect to the underlying stock issuer and consult your tax advisor regarding the possible consequences to you, if any, if the underlying stock issuer is or becomes a USRPHC.

In addition, the Treasury Department has issued regulations under which amounts paid or deemed paid on certain financial instruments (“871(m) financial instruments”) that are treated as attributable to U.S.-source dividends could be treated, in whole or in part depending on the circumstances, as a “dividend equivalent” payment that is subject to tax at a rate of 30% (or a lower rate under an applicable treaty), which in the case of any coupon payments and any amounts you receive upon the sale, exchange, redemption or maturity of your securities, could be collected via withholding. If these regulations were to apply to the securities, we may be required to withhold such taxes if any U.S.-source dividends are paid on the underlying stock during the term of the securities. We could also require you to make certifications (e.g., an applicable Internal Revenue Service Form W-8) prior to any coupon payment or the maturity of the securities in order to avoid or minimize withholding obligations, and we could withhold accordingly (subject to your potential right to claim a refund from the Internal Revenue Service) if such certifications were not received or were not satisfactory. If withholding was required, we would not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts so withheld. These regulations generally will apply to 871(m) financial instruments (or a combination of financial instruments treated as having been entered into in connection with each other) issued (or significantly modified and treated as retired and reissued) on or after January 1, 2027, but will also apply to certain 871(m) financial instruments (or a combination of financial instruments treated as having been entered into in connection with each other) that have a delta (as defined in the applicable Treasury regulations) of one and are issued (or significantly modified and treated as retired and reissued) on or after January 1, 2017. In addition, these regulations will not apply to financial instruments that reference a “qualified index” (as defined in the regulations). We have determined that, as of the issue date of your securities, your securities will not be subject to withholding under these rules. In certain limited circumstances, however, you should be aware that it is possible for non-United States holders to be liable for tax under these rules with respect to a combination of transactions treated as having been entered into in connection with each other even when no withholding is required. You should consult your tax advisor concerning these regulations, subsequent official guidance and regarding any other possible alternative characterizations of your securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Under current law, while the matter is not entirely clear, individual non-United States holders, and entities whose property is potentially includible in those individuals’ gross estates for U.S. federal estate tax purposes (for example, a trust funded by such an individual and with respect to which the individual has retained certain interests or powers), should note that, absent an applicable treaty benefit, a security is likely to be treated as U.S. situs property, subject to U.S. federal estate tax. These individuals and entities should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal estate tax consequences of investing in a security.

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) Withholding

Pursuant to Treasury regulations, Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) withholding (as described in “United States Taxation—Taxation of Debt Securities—Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) Withholding” in the accompanying prospectus) will generally apply to obligations that are issued on or after July 1, 2014; therefore, the securities will generally be subject to the FATCA withholding rules.

See “Supplemental Plan of Distribution” on page S-41 of the accompanying product supplement and “Plan of Distribution - Conflicts of Interest” on page 127 of the accompanying prospectus; GS Finance Corp. estimates that its share of the total offering expenses, excluding underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $10,000.

GS Finance Corp. will sell to GS&Co., and GS&Co. will purchase from GS Finance Corp., the aggregate face amount of the offered securities specified on the front cover of this pricing supplement. GS&Co. proposes initially to offer the securities to the public at the original offering price set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement. Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (“WFS”) is the agent for the distribution of the securities. WFS will receive the underwriting discount of 2.325% of the aggregate face amount of the securities sold ($23.25 per $1,000 face amount of securities). The agent may resell the securities to Wells Fargo Advisors (“WFA”) at the original offering price of the securities less a concession of 1.75% of the aggregate face amount of the securities ($17.50 per $1,000 face amount of securities). In addition to the selling concession received by WFA, WFS advises that WFA will also receive out of the underwriting discount a distribution expense fee of 0.075% for each $1,000 face amount of a security WFA sells ($0.75 per $1,000 face amount of securities). In addition, in respect of certain securities sold in this offering, GS&Co. may pay a fee of up to 0.35% of the aggregate face amount of the securities sold (up to $3.50 per $1,000 face amount of securities) to selected securities dealers in consideration for marketing and other services in connection with the distribution of the securities to other securities dealers. Please note that the information about the original issue date and issue price set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement relate only to the initial distribution.

GS&Co. is an affiliate of GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and, as such, will have a “conflict of interest” in this offering of securities within the meaning of Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) Rule 5121. Consequently, this offering of securities will be conducted in compliance with the provisions of FINRA Rule 5121. GS&Co. will not be permitted to sell securities in this offering to an account over which it exercises discretionary authority without the prior specific written approval of the account holder. We have been advised that GS&Co. will also pay a fee to iCapital Markets LLC, a broker-dealer in which an affiliate of GS Finance Corp. holds an indirect minority equity interest, for services it is providing in connection with this offering.

We will deliver the notes against payment therefor in New York, New York on the original issue date set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement. Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in one business day, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, purchasers who wish to trade notes on any date prior to one business day before delivery will be required to specify alternative settlement arrangements to prevent a failed settlement.

For information related to hedging activities, see “Additional Risk Factors Specific To Your Securities —Hedging Activities by Goldman Sachs or Our Distributors May Negatively Impact Investors in the Securities and Cause Our Interests and Those of Our Clients and Counterparties to be Contrary to Those of Investors in the Securities.” on page S-10 of the accompanying product supplement.

We have been advised by GS&Co. and WFS that they intend to make a market in the securities. However, none of GS&Co., WFS nor any of their respective affiliates that makes a market is obligated to do so and any of them may stop doing so at any time without notice. No assurance can be given as to the liquidity or trading market for the securities.

In the opinion of Sidley Austin LLP, as counsel to GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., when the securities offered by this pricing supplement have been executed and issued by GS Finance Corp., such securities have been authenticated by the trustee pursuant to the indenture, and such securities have been delivered against payment as contemplated herein, (a) such securities will be valid and binding obligations of GS Finance Corp., enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability (including, without limitation, concepts of good faith, fair dealing and the lack of bad faith), provided that such counsel expresses no opinion as to the effect of fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer or similar provision of applicable law on the conclusions expressed above and (b) the guarantee with respect to such securities will be a valid and binding obligation of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability (including, without limitation, concepts of good faith, fair dealing and the lack of bad faith), provided that such counsel expresses no opinion as to the effect of fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer or similar provision of applicable law on the conclusions expressed above. This opinion is given as of the date hereof and is limited to the laws of the State of New York and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware as in effect on the date hereof. In addition, this opinion is subject to customary assumptions about the trustee’s authorization, execution and delivery of the indenture and the genuineness of signatures and certain factual matters, all as stated in the letter of such counsel dated January 18, 2023, which has been filed as Exhibit 5.6 to the registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. on January 18, 2023.