Morgan Stanley (MS) 424B2Prospectus for primary offering

Callable Contingent Income Securities due January 6, 2028

Payments on the Securities Based on the Worst Performing of the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM, the Russell 2000® Index and the S&P 500® Index

Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by Morgan Stanley

Principal at Risk Securities

The securities offered are unsecured obligations of Morgan Stanley Finance LLC (“MSFL”) and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Morgan Stanley. The securities have the terms described in the accompanying prospectus supplement, index supplement and prospectus, as supplemented or modified by this document. The securities do not guarantee the repayment of principal and do not provide for the regular payment of interest. Instead, the securities will pay a contingent monthly coupon but only if the index closing value of each of the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM, the Russell 2000® Index and the S&P 500® Index on the related observation date is at or above 80% of its respective initial index value, which we refer to as the respective coupon barrier level. If the index closing value of any underlying index is less than the coupon barrier level for such index on any observation date, we will pay no coupon for the related monthly period. In addition, beginning on July 9, 2025, we will redeem the securities on any quarterly redemption date, for a redemption payment equal to the sum of the stated principal amount plus any contingent monthly coupon otherwise due with respect to the related observation date, if and only if the output of a risk neutral valuation model on a business day, as selected by the calculation agent, that is no earlier than three business days before the observation date preceding such redemption date and no later than such observation date, based on the inputs indicated under “Call feature” below, indicates that redeeming on such date is economically rational for us as compared to not redeeming on such date. An early redemption of the securities will not automatically occur based on the performance of the underlying indices. At maturity, if the securities have not been previously redeemed and if the final index value of each underlying index is greater than or equal to 70% of the respective initial index value, which we refer to as the downside threshold level, the payment at maturity will be the stated principal amount and, if the final index value of each underlying index is also greater than or equal to its respective coupon barrier level, the related contingent monthly coupon. If, however, the final index value of any underlying index is less than its downside threshold level, investors will be exposed to the decline in the worst performing underlying index on a 1-to-1 basis and will receive a payment at maturity that is less than 70% of the stated principal amount of the securities and could be zero. Accordingly, investors in the securities must be willing to accept the risk of losing their entire initial investment based on the performance of any underlying index and also the risk of not receiving any monthly coupons during the entire 3-year term of the securities. Because payments on the securities are based on the worst performing of the underlying indices, a decline beyond the respective coupon barrier level and/or respective downside threshold level, as applicable, of any underlying index will result in few or no contingent monthly coupons and/or a significant loss of your investment, as applicable, even if the other underlying indices have appreciated or have not declined as much. Investors will not participate in any appreciation in any underlying index. The securities are for investors who are willing to risk their principal and seek an opportunity to earn interest at a potentially above-market rate in exchange for the risk of receiving no monthly interest if any underlying index closes below the coupon barrier level for such index on the observation dates, and the risk of an early redemption of the securities based on the output of a risk neutral valuation model. The securities are notes issued as part of MSFL’s Series A Global Medium-Term Notes program.

The Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM measures the performance of companies in the Nasdaq-100 Index® that are classified as technology according to the Industry Classification Benchmark. For more information about the Nasdaq-100 Index®, see the information set forth under “Nasdaq-100 Index®” in the accompanying index supplement. For more information about the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM, see “Annex A — Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM” beginning on page 33.

All payments are subject to our credit risk. If we default on our obligations, you could lose some or all of your investment. These securities are not secured obligations and you will not have any security interest in, or otherwise have any access to, any underlying reference asset or assets.

(1)The securities will be sold only to investors purchasing the securities in fee-based advisory accounts.

(2)MS & Co. expects to sell all of the securities that it purchases from us to an unaffiliated dealer at a price of $ per security, for further sale to certain fee-based advisory accounts at the price to public of $1,000 per security. MS & Co. will not receive a sales commission with respect to the securities. See “Supplemental information regarding plan of distribution; conflicts of interest.” For additional information, see “Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

(3)See “Use of proceeds and hedging” on page 31.

The securities involve risks not associated with an investment in ordinary debt securities. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 11.

The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities regulators have not approved or disapproved these securities, or determined if this document or the accompanying prospectus supplement, index supplement and prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The securities are not deposits or savings accounts and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency or instrumentality, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.

You should read this document together with the related prospectus supplement, index supplement and prospectus, each of which can be accessed via the hyperlinks below. When you read the accompanying prospectus supplement and index supplement, please note that all references in such supplements to the prospectus dated November 16, 2023, or to any sections therein, should refer instead to the accompanying prospectus dated April 12, 2024 or to the corresponding sections of such prospectus, as applicable. Please also see “Additional Terms of the Securities” and “Additional Information About the Securities” at the end of this document.

References to “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Morgan Stanley or MSFL, or Morgan Stanley and MSFL collectively, as the context requires.

Prospectus Supplement dated November 16, 2023 Index Supplement dated November 16, 2023 Prospectus dated April 12, 2024

Observation Dates and Coupon Payment Dates

Investment Overview

Callable Contingent Income Securities

Principal at Risk Securities

Callable Contingent Income Securities due January 6, 2028 Payments on the Securities Based on the Worst Performing of the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM, the Russell 2000® Index and the S&P 500® Index (the “securities”) do not guarantee the repayment of principal and do not provide for the regular payment of interest. Instead, the securities will pay a contingent monthly coupon but only if the index closing value of each of the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM, the Russell 2000® Index and the S&P 500® Index (which we refer to together as the “underlying indices”) is at or above 80% of its respective initial index value, which we refer to as the respective coupon barrier level, on the related observation date. If the index closing value of any underlying index is less than the coupon barrier level for such index on any observation date, we will pay no coupon for the related monthly period. It is possible that the index closing value of one or more underlying indices will remain below the respective coupon barrier level(s) for extended periods of time or even throughout the entire term of the securities so that you will receive few or no contingent monthly coupons during the entire term of the securities. Even if an underlying index were to be at or above the coupon barrier level for such index on some monthly observation dates, it may fluctuate below the coupon barrier level on others. In addition, even if one underlying index were to be at or above the coupon barrier level for such index on all monthly observation dates, you will receive a contingent monthly coupon only with respect to the observation dates on which the other underlying indices are also at or above their respective coupon barrier levels, if any. In addition, beginning on July 9, 2025, we will redeem the securities on any quarterly redemption date, for a redemption payment equal to the sum of the stated principal amount plus any contingent monthly coupon otherwise due with respect to the related observation date, if and only if the output of a risk neutral valuation model on a business day, as selected by the calculation agent, that is no earlier than three business days before the observation date preceding such redemption date and no later than such observation date, based on the inputs indicated under “Call feature” on the cover page, indicates that redeeming on such date is economically rational for us as compared to not redeeming on such date. An early redemption of the securities will not automatically occur based on the performance of the underlying indices. At maturity, if the securities have not been previously redeemed and if the final index value of each underlying index is greater than or equal to 70% of the respective initial index value, which we refer to as the downside threshold level, the payment at maturity will be the stated principal amount and, if the final index value of each underlying index is also greater than or equal to its respective coupon barrier level, the related contingent monthly coupon. If, however, the final index value of any underlying index is less than its downside threshold level, investors will be exposed to the decline in the worst performing underlying index on a 1-to-1 basis and will receive a payment at maturity that is less than 70% of the stated principal amount of the securities and could be zero. Accordingly, investors in the securities must be willing to accept the risk of losing their entire initial investment based on the performance of any underlying index and also the risk of not receiving any monthly coupons during the entire 3-year term of the securities.

We are using this preliminary pricing supplement to solicit from you an offer to purchase the securities. You may revoke your offer to purchase the securities at any time prior to the time at which we accept such offer by notifying the relevant agent. We reserve the right to change the terms of, or reject any offer to purchase, the securities prior to their issuance. In the event of any material changes to the terms of the securities, we will notify you.

The original issue price of each security is $1,000. This price includes costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities, which are borne by you, and, consequently, the estimated value of the securities on the pricing date will be less than $1,000. We estimate that the value of each security on the pricing date will be approximately $976.50, or within $45.00 of that estimate. Our estimate of the value of the securities as determined on the pricing date will be set forth in the final pricing supplement.

What goes into the estimated value on the pricing date?

In valuing the securities on the pricing date, we take into account that the securities comprise both a debt component and a performance-based component linked to the underlying indices. The estimated value of the securities is determined using our own pricing and valuation models, market inputs and assumptions relating to the underlying indices, instruments based on the underlying indices, volatility and other factors including current and expected interest rates, as well as an interest rate related to our secondary market credit spread, which is the implied interest rate at which our conventional fixed rate debt trades in the secondary market.

What determines the economic terms of the securities?

In determining the economic terms of the securities, including the contingent monthly coupon rate, the coupon barrier levels and the downside threshold levels, we use an internal funding rate, which is likely to be lower than our secondary market credit spreads and therefore advantageous to us. If the issuing, selling, structuring and hedging costs borne by you were lower or if the internal funding rate were higher, one or more of the economic terms of the securities would be more favorable to you.

What is the relationship between the estimated value on the pricing date and the secondary market price of the securities?

The price at which MS & Co. purchases the securities in the secondary market, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to the underlying indices, may vary from, and be lower than, the estimated value on the pricing date, because the secondary market price takes into account our secondary market credit spread as well as the bid-offer spread that MS & Co. would charge in a

secondary market transaction of this type and other factors. However, because the costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities are not fully deducted upon issuance, for a period of up to 6 months following the issue date, to the extent that MS & Co. may buy or sell the securities in the secondary market, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to the underlying indices, and to our secondary market credit spreads, it would do so based on values higher than the estimated value. We expect that those higher values will also be reflected in your brokerage account statements.

MS & Co. may, but is not obligated to, make a market in the securities, and, if it once chooses to make a market, may cease doing so at any time.

Key Investment Rationale

The securities do not provide for the regular payment of interest and instead will pay a contingent monthly coupon but only if the index closing value of each underlying index is at or above 80% of its initial index value, which we refer to as the respective coupon barrier level, on the related observation date. These securities are for investors who are willing to risk their principal and seek an opportunity to earn interest at a potentially above-market rate in exchange for the risk of receiving no monthly interest if any underlying index closes below the coupon barrier level for such index on the observation dates, and the risk of an early redemption of the securities based on the output of a risk neutral valuation model. The following scenarios are for illustrative purposes only to demonstrate how the payment at maturity and contingent monthly coupon (if the securities have not previously been redeemed) are determined, and do not attempt to demonstrate every situation that may occur. Accordingly, the securities may or may not be redeemed by us based on the output of a risk neutral valuation model, the contingent monthly coupon may be payable with respect to none of, or some but not all of, the monthly periods, and the payment at maturity may be less than 70% of the stated principal amount and could be zero. Investors will not participate in any appreciation in any underlying index.

Underlying Indices Summary

Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM

The Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM, which is calculated, maintained and published by the Nasdaq OMX Group, Inc. (“Nasdaq OMX”), is an equal-weighted index intended to measure the performance of Nasdaq-listed companies that are classified as technology according to the Industry Classification Benchmark.

Information as of market close on December 18, 2024:

For additional information about the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM, see “Annex A — Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM” below. Furthermore, for additional historical information, see “Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM Historical Performance” below.

Russell 2000® Index

The Russell 2000® Index is an index calculated, published and disseminated by FTSE International Limited (“FTSE Russell”), and measures the capitalization-weighted price performance of 2,000 U.S. small-capitalization stocks listed on eligible U.S. exchanges. The Russell 2000® Index is designed to track the performance of the small-capitalization segment of the U.S. equity market. The companies included in the Russell 2000® Index are the middle 2,000 (i.e., those ranked 1,001 through 3,000) of the companies that form the Russell 3000E™ Index. The Russell 2000® Index represents approximately 7% of the U.S. equity market.

Information as of market close on December 18, 2024:

For additional information about the Russell 2000® Index, see the information set forth under “Russell Indices—Russell 2000® Index” in the accompanying index supplement. Furthermore, for additional historical information, see “Russell 2000® Index Historical Performance” below.

S&P 500® Index

The S&P 500® Index, which is calculated, maintained and published by S&P® Dow Jones Indices LLC (“S&P®”), is intended to provide a benchmark for performance measurement of the large capitalization segment of the U.S. equity markets by tracking the stock price movement of 500 companies with large market capitalizations. Component stocks of the S&P 500® Index are required to have a total company level market capitalization that reflects approximately the 85th percentile of the S&P® Total Market Index. The S&P 500® Index measures the relative performance of the common stocks of 500 companies as of a particular time as compared to the performance of the common stocks of 500 similar companies during the base period of the years 1941 through 1943.

Information as of market close on December 18, 2024:

For additional information about the S&P 500® Index, see the information set forth under “S&P® U.S. Indices—S&P 500® Index” in the accompanying index supplement. Furthermore, for additional historical information, see “S&P 500® Index Historical Performance” below.

Hypothetical Examples

The following hypothetical examples illustrate how to determine whether a contingent monthly coupon is paid with respect to an observation date and how to calculate the payment at maturity. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only. Whether you receive a contingent monthly coupon will be determined by reference to the index closing value of each underlying index on each monthly observation date, and the amount you will receive at maturity, if any, will be determined by reference to the final index value of each underlying index on the final observation date. Any early redemption of the securities will be based on the output of a risk neutral valuation model. The actual initial index value, coupon barrier level and downside threshold level for each underlying index will be determined on the pricing date. All payments on the securities, if any, are subject to our credit risk. The below examples are based on the following terms:

*The actual contingent monthly coupon will be an amount determined by the calculation agent based on the actual contingent monthly coupon rate and the number of days in the applicable payment period, calculated on a 30/360 day-count basis. The hypothetical contingent monthly coupon of $10.875 is used in these examples for ease of analysis.

How to determine whether a contingent monthly coupon is payable with respect to an observation date (if the securities have not been previously redeemed):

On hypothetical observation date 1, the NDXT Index, the RTY Index and the SPX Index all close at or above their respective coupon barrier levels. Therefore a contingent monthly coupon of $10.875 is paid on the relevant coupon payment date.

On each of the hypothetical observation dates 2 and 3, at least one underlying index closes at or above its coupon barrier level but one or both of the other underlying indices close below their respective coupon barrier level(s). Therefore, no contingent monthly coupon is paid on the relevant coupon payment date.

On hypothetical observation date 4, each underlying index closes below its respective coupon barrier level and accordingly no contingent monthly coupon is paid on the relevant coupon payment date.

How to calculate the payment at maturity (if the securities have not been redeemed early):

In example 1, the final index values of the NDXT Index, the RTY Index and the SPX Index are all at or above their downside threshold levels. Therefore, investors receive at maturity the stated principal amount of the securities and the contingent monthly coupon with respect to the final observation date. Investors do not participate in the appreciation of any underlying index.

In examples 2 and 3, the final index value(s) of one or two of the underlying indices are at or above their respective downside threshold level(s) but the final index value(s) of one or both of the other underlying indices are below their respective downside threshold level(s). Therefore, investors are exposed to the downside performance of the worst performing underlying index at maturity and receive at

maturity an amount equal to the stated principal amount multiplied by the index performance factor of the worst performing underlying index.

Similarly, in examples 4 and 5, the final index value of each underlying index is below its respective downside threshold level, and investors receive at maturity an amount equal to the stated principal amount multiplied by the index performance factor of the worst performing underlying index. In example 4, NDXT Index has declined 55% from its initial index value to its final index value, the RTY Index has declined 70% from its initial index value to its final index value and the SPX Index has declined 60% from its initial index value to its final index value. Therefore, the payment at maturity equals the stated principal amount multiplied by the index performance factor of the RTY Index, which is the worst performing underlying index in this example. In example 5, the NDXT Index has declined 70% from its initial index value to its final index value, the RTY Index has declined 60% from its initial index value and the SPX Index has declined 60% from its initial index value to its final index value. Therefore the payment at maturity equals the stated principal amount multiplied by the index performance factor of the NDXT Index, which is the worst performing underlying index in this example.

If the securities have not been redeemed prior to maturity and the final index value of ANY underlying index is below its respective downside threshold level, you will be exposed to the downside performance of the worst performing underlying index at maturity, and your payment at maturity will be less than $650 per security and could be zero.

Risk Factors

This section describes the material risks relating to the securities. For further discussion of these and other risks, you should read the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the accompanying prospectus supplement, index supplement and prospectus. We also urge you to consult with your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers in connection with your investment in the securities.

Risks Relating to an Investment in the Securities

￭The securities do not guarantee the return of any principal. The terms of the securities differ from those of ordinary debt securities in that they do not guarantee the repayment of principal. If the securities have not been redeemed prior to maturity and the final index value of any underlying index is less than its downside threshold level of 70% of its initial index value, you will be exposed to the decline in the closing value of the worst performing underlying index, as compared to its initial index value, on a 1-to-1 basis, and you will receive for each security that you hold at maturity an amount equal to the stated principal amount multiplied by the index performance factor of the worst performing underlying index. In this case, the payment at maturity will be less than 70% of the stated principal amount and could be zero.

￭The securities do not provide for regular interest payments. The terms of the securities differ from those of ordinary debt securities in that they do not provide for the regular payment of interest. The securities will pay a contingent monthly coupon only if the index closing value of each underlying index is at or above 80% of its respective initial index value, which we refer to as the respective coupon barrier level, on the related observation date. If, on the other hand, the index closing value of any underlying index is lower than the coupon barrier level for such index on the relevant observation date for any interest period, we will pay no coupon on the applicable coupon payment date. It is possible that the index closing value of one or more underlying indices will remain below the respective coupon barrier level(s) for extended periods of time or even throughout the entire term of the securities. If you do not earn sufficient contingent monthly coupons over the term of the securities, the overall return on the securities may be less than the amount that would be paid on a conventional debt security of ours of comparable maturity.

￭The securities have early redemption risk. The term of the securities, and thus your opportunity to earn a potentially above-market coupon if the index closing value of each underlying index is greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level for such index on monthly observation dates, will be limited if we redeem the securities based on the output of a risk neutral valuation model on any quarterly redemption date, beginning July 9, 2025. The term of your investment in the securities may be limited to as short as six months. In accordance with the risk neutral valuation model determination noted herein, it is more likely that we will redeem the securities when it would be advantageous for you to continue to hold the securities. As such, we will be more likely to redeem the securities when the index closing value of each underlying index on the observation dates is at or above the coupon barrier level for such index, which would otherwise result in an amount of interest payable on the securities that is greater than instruments of a comparable maturity and credit rating trading in the market. In other words, we will be more likely to redeem the securities at a time when the securities are paying an above-market coupon. If the securities are redeemed prior to maturity, you will receive no more contingent monthly coupon payments, may be forced to invest in a lower interest rate environment and may not be able to reinvest at comparable terms or returns.

On the other hand, we will be less likely to redeem the securities when the index closing value of any underlying index is below the respective coupon barrier level and/or when the final index value for any underlying index is expected to be below the respective downside threshold level, such that you will receive no contingent monthly coupons and/or that you will suffer a significant loss on your initial investment in the securities at maturity. Therefore, if we do not redeem the securities, it is more likely that you will receive few or no contingent monthly coupons and suffer a significant loss at maturity.

￭The contingent monthly coupon, if any, is based only on the value of each underlying index on the related monthly observation date. Whether the contingent monthly coupon will be paid on any coupon payment date will be determined at the end of the relevant interest period, based on the closing value of each underlying index on the relevant monthly observation date. As a result, you will not know whether you will receive the contingent monthly coupon on any coupon payment date until near the end of the relevant monthly period. Moreover, because the contingent monthly coupon is based solely on the value of each underlying index on monthly observation dates, if the closing value of any underlying index on any observation date is below the coupon barrier level for such index, you will receive no coupon for the related interest period, even if the level of such underlying index was at or above its respective coupon barrier level on other days during that interest period and even if the closing values of the other underlying indices were at or above the coupon barrier levels for such indices.

￭Investors will not participate in any appreciation in any underlying index. Investors will not participate in any appreciation in any underlying index from the initial index value for such index, and the return on the securities will be limited to the contingent monthly coupons, if any, that are paid with respect to each observation date on which the index closing value of each underlying index is greater than or equal to its respective coupon barrier level until the securities are redeemed or reach maturity.

￭The market price will be influenced by many unpredictable factors. Several factors, many of which are beyond our control, will influence the value of the securities in the secondary market and the price at which MS & Co. may be willing to purchase or sell the securities in the secondary market. We expect that generally the level of interest rates available in the market and the value of each underlying index on any day, including in relation to its respective coupon barrier level and downside threshold level, will affect the value of the securities more than any other factors. Other factors that may influence the value of the securities include:

othe volatility (frequency and magnitude of changes in value) of the underlying indices,

owhether the index closing value of any underlying index has been below its respective coupon barrier level on any observation date,

ogeopolitical conditions and economic, financial, political, regulatory or judicial events that affect the component stocks of the underlying indices or securities markets generally and which may affect the value of each underlying index,

odividend rates on the securities underlying the underlying indices,

othe time remaining until the securities mature,

ointerest and yield rates in the market,

othe availability of comparable instruments,

othe composition of the underlying indices and changes in the constituent stocks of such indices, and

oany actual or anticipated changes in our credit ratings or credit spreads.

Some or all of these factors will influence the price that you will receive if you sell your securities prior to maturity. Generally, the longer the time remaining to maturity, the more the market price of the securities will be affected by the other factors described above. In particular, if any underlying index has closed near or below the coupon barrier level or the downside threshold level for such index, the market value of the securities is expected to decrease substantially and you may have to sell your securities at a substantial discount from the stated principal amount of $1,000 per security.

You cannot predict the future performance of any underlying index based on its historical performance. The value of any underlying index may decrease and be below the coupon barrier level for such index on each observation date so that you will receive no return on your investment, and one or all of the underlying indices may close below the respective downside threshold level(s) on the final observation date so that you lose more than 30% or all of your initial investment in the securities. There can be no assurance that the closing value of each underlying index will be at or above the respective coupon barrier level on any observation date so that you will receive a coupon payment on the securities for the applicable interest period or that they will be at or above their respective downside threshold levels on the final observation date so that you do not suffer a significant loss on your initial investment in the securities. See “Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM Historical Performance,” “Russell 2000® Index Historical Performance” and “S&P 500® Index Historical Performance” below.

￭The securities are subject to our credit risk, and any actual or anticipated changes to our credit ratings or credit spreads may adversely affect the market value of the securities. You are dependent on our ability to pay all amounts due on the securities at maturity or on any coupon payment date, and therefore you are subject to our credit risk. The securities are not guaranteed by any other entity. If we default on our obligations under the securities, your investment would be at risk and you could lose some or all of your investment. As a result, the market value of the securities prior to maturity will be affected by changes in the market’s view of our creditworthiness. Any actual or anticipated decline in our credit ratings or increase in the credit spreads charged by the market for taking our credit risk is likely to adversely affect the market value of the securities.

￭As a finance subsidiary, MSFL has no independent operations and will have no independent assets. As a finance subsidiary, MSFL has no independent operations beyond the issuance and administration of its securities and will have no independent assets available for distributions to holders of MSFL securities if they make claims in respect of such securities in a bankruptcy, resolution or similar proceeding. Accordingly, any recoveries by such holders will be limited to those available under the related guarantee by Morgan Stanley and that guarantee will rank pari passu with all other unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of Morgan Stanley. Holders will have recourse only to a single claim against Morgan Stanley and its assets under the guarantee. Holders of securities issued by MSFL should accordingly assume that in any such proceedings they would not have any priority over and should be treated pari passu with the claims of other unsecured, unsubordinated creditors of Morgan Stanley, including holders of Morgan Stanley-issued securities.

￭Not equivalent to investing in the underlying indices. Investing in the securities is not equivalent to investing in any underlying index or the component stocks of any underlying index. Investors in the securities will not participate in any positive performance of any underlying index, and will not have voting rights or rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to stocks that constitute any underlying index.

￭The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange and secondary trading may be limited. Accordingly, you should be willing to hold your securities for the entire 3-year term of the securities. The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange. Therefore, there may be little or no secondary market for the securities. MS & Co. may, but is not obligated to, make a market in the securities and, if it once chooses to make a market, may cease doing so at any time. When it does make a market, it will generally do so for transactions of routine secondary market size at prices based on its estimate of the current value of the securities, taking into account its bid/offer spread, our credit spreads, market volatility, the notional size of the proposed sale, the cost of unwinding any related hedging positions, the time remaining to maturity and the likelihood that it will be able to resell the securities. Even if there is a secondary market, it may not provide enough liquidity to allow you to trade or sell the securities easily. Since other broker-dealers may not participate significantly in the secondary market for the securities, the price at which you may be able to trade your securities is likely to depend on the price, if any, at which MS & Co. is willing to transact. If, at any time, MS & Co. were to cease making a market in the securities, it is likely that there would be no secondary market for the securities. Accordingly, you should be willing to hold your securities to maturity.

￭The rate we are willing to pay for securities of this type, maturity and issuance size is likely to be lower than the rate implied by our secondary market credit spreads and advantageous to us. Both the lower rate and the inclusion of costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities in the original issue price reduce the economic terms of the securities, cause the estimated value of the securities to be less than the original issue price and will adversely affect secondary market prices. Assuming no change in market conditions or any other relevant factors, the prices, if any, at which dealers, including MS & Co., may be willing to purchase the securities in secondary market transactions will likely be significantly lower than the original issue price, because secondary market prices will exclude the issuing, selling, structuring and hedging-related costs that are included in the original issue price and borne by you and because the secondary market prices will reflect our secondary market credit spreads and the bid-offer spread that any dealer would charge in a secondary market transaction of this type as well as other factors.

The inclusion of the costs of issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities in the original issue price and the lower rate we are willing to pay as issuer make the economic terms of the securities less favorable to you than they otherwise would be.

However, because the costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities are not fully deducted upon issuance, for a period of up to 6 months following the issue date, to the extent that MS & Co. may buy or sell the securities in the secondary market, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to the underlying indices, and to our secondary market credit spreads, it would do so based on values higher than the estimated value, and we expect that those higher values will also be reflected in your brokerage account statements.

￭The estimated value of the securities is determined by reference to our pricing and valuation models, which may differ from those of other dealers and is not a maximum or minimum secondary market price. These pricing and valuation models are proprietary and rely in part on subjective views of certain market inputs and certain assumptions about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. As a result, because there is no market-standard way to value these types of securities, our models may yield a higher estimated value of the securities than those generated by others, including other dealers in the market, if they attempted to value the securities. In addition, the estimated value on the pricing date does not represent a minimum or maximum price at which dealers, including MS & Co., would be willing to purchase your securities in the secondary market (if any exists) at any time. The value of your securities at any time after the date of this document will vary based on many factors that cannot be predicted with accuracy, including our creditworthiness and changes in market conditions. See also “The market price will be influenced by many unpredictable factors” above.

￭Hedging and trading activity by our affiliates could potentially affect the value of the securities. One or more of our affiliates and/or third-party dealers expect to carry out hedging activities related to the securities (and to other instruments linked to the underlying indices or their component stocks), including trading in the stocks that constitute the underlying indices as well as in other instruments related to the underlying indices. As a result, these entities may be unwinding or adjusting hedge positions during the term of the securities, and the hedging strategy may involve greater and more frequent dynamic adjustments to the hedge as the final observation date approaches. Some of our affiliates also trade the stocks that constitute the underlying indices and other financial instruments related to the underlying indices on a regular basis as part of their general broker-dealer and other businesses. Any of these hedging or trading activities on or prior to the pricing date could potentially increase the initial index value of an underlying index, and, therefore, could increase (i) the coupon barrier level for such underlying index, which, if the securities have not been redeemed, is the value at or above which such underlying index must close on the observation dates in order for you to earn a contingent monthly coupon (depending also on the performance of the other underlying indices), and (ii) the downside threshold level for such underlying index, which, if the securities have not been redeemed prior to maturity, is the value at or above which the underlying index must close on the final observation date so that you are not exposed to the negative performance of the worst performing underlying index at maturity (depending also on the performance of the other underlying indices). Additionally, such hedging or trading activities during the term of the securities could affect the value of an underlying

index on the observation dates, and, accordingly, whether we pay a contingent monthly coupon on the securities and the amount of cash you receive at maturity, if any (depending also on the performance of the other underlying indices).

￭The calculation agent, which is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley and an affiliate of MSFL, will make determinations with respect to the securities. As calculation agent, MS & Co. will determine the initial index value, coupon barrier level and downside threshold level for each underlying index, the payment at maturity, if any, and whether you receive a contingent monthly coupon on each coupon payment date. Moreover, certain determinations made by MS & Co., in its capacity as calculation agent, may require it to exercise discretion and make subjective judgments, such as with respect to the occurrence or non-occurrence of market disruption events and the selection of a successor index or calculation of the index closing value in the event of a market disruption event or discontinuance of an underlying index. These potentially subjective determinations may affect the payout to you upon an early redemption or at maturity, if any. For further information regarding these types of determinations, see “Additional Terms of the Securities—Additional Terms—Calculation agent,” “—Market disruption event,” “—Postponement of observation dates,” “—Discontinuance of an underlying index; alteration of method of calculation” and “—Alternate exchange calculation in case of an event of default” below. In addition, MS & Co. has determined the estimated value of the securities on the pricing date.

￭The U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities are uncertain. There is no direct legal authority as to the proper treatment of the securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and, therefore, significant aspects of the tax treatment of the securities are uncertain.

Please read the discussion under “Additional Information—Tax considerations” in this document concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities. We intend to treat a security for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a single financial contract that provides for a coupon that will be treated as gross income to you at the time received or accrued, in accordance with your regular method of tax accounting. Under this treatment, the ordinary income treatment of the coupon payments, in conjunction with the capital loss treatment of any loss recognized upon the sale, exchange or settlement of the securities, could result in adverse tax consequences to holders of the securities because the deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. We do not plan to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) regarding the tax treatment of the securities, and the IRS or a court may not agree with the tax treatment described herein. If the IRS were successful in asserting an alternative treatment for the securities, the timing and character of income or loss on the securities might differ significantly from the tax treatment described herein. For example, under one possible treatment, the IRS could seek to recharacterize the securities as debt instruments. In that event, U.S. Holders (as defined below) would be required to accrue into income original issue discount on the securities every year at a “comparable yield” determined at the time of issuance (as adjusted based on the difference, if any, between the actual and the projected amount of any contingent payments on the securities) and recognize all income and gain in respect of the securities as ordinary income. The risk that financial instruments providing for buffers, triggers or similar downside protection features, such as the securities, would be recharacterized as debt is greater than the risk of recharacterization for comparable financial instruments that do not have such features. Moreover, future legislation, Treasury regulations or IRS guidance could adversely affect the U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the securities, possibly retroactively.

Non-U.S. Holders (as defined below) should note that we currently intend to withhold on any coupon paid to Non-U.S. Holders generally at a rate of 30%, or at a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty under an “other income” or similar provision, and will not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts withheld.

Both U.S. and Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities, including possible alternative treatments, as well as tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.

Risks Relating to the Underlying Indices

￭You are exposed to the price risk of each underlying index, with respect to both the contingent monthly coupons, if any, and the payment at maturity, if any. Your return on the securities is not linked to a basket consisting of all three underlying indices. Rather, it will be contingent upon the independent performance of each underlying index. Unlike an instrument with a return linked to a basket of underlying assets, in which risk is mitigated and diversified among all the components of the basket, you will be exposed to the risks related to each underlying index. Poor performance by any underlying index over the term of the securities may negatively affect your return and will not be offset or mitigated by any positive performance by the other underlying indices. To receive any contingent monthly coupons, each underlying index must close at or above its respective coupon barrier level on the applicable observation date. In addition, if any underlying index has declined to below its respective downside threshold level as of the final observation date, you will be fully exposed to the decline in the worst performing underlying index over the term of the securities on a 1-to-1 basis, even if the other underlying indices have appreciated or have not declined as much. Under this scenario, the value of any such payment will be less than 70% of the stated principal amount and could be zero. Accordingly, your investment is subject to the price risk of each underlying index.

￭Because the securities are linked to the performance of the worst performing underlying index, you are exposed to greater risks of no contingent monthly coupons and sustaining a significant loss on your investment than if the securities were linked to just one index. The risk that you will not receive any contingent monthly coupons, or that you will suffer a significant loss on your investment, is greater if you invest in the securities as opposed to substantially similar securities that are linked to the performance of just one underlying index. With three underlying indices, it is more likely that any underlying index will close below its coupon barrier level on any observation date, or below its downside threshold level on the final observation date, than if the securities were linked to only one underlying index. Therefore, it is more likely that you will not receive any contingent monthly coupons and that you will suffer a significant loss on your investment.

￭Investing in the securities exposes investors to risks associated with investments in securities with a concentration in the technology sector. The stocks included in the NDXT Index are stocks of companies whose primary business is directly associated with the technology sector, including the following sub-sectors: computers and peripherals, software, diversified telecommunication services, communications equipment, semiconductors and semiconductor equipment, internet software and services, IT services, electronic equipment, instruments and components, wireless telecommunication services and office electronics. Because the value of the securities is linked to the performance of the NDXT Index, an investment in the securities exposes investors to risks associated with investments in securities with a concentration in the technology sector.

The values of stocks of technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in technology product cycles, rapid product obsolescence, government regulation and competition, both domestically and internationally, including competition from foreign competitors with lower production costs. Technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Additionally, companies in the technology sector may face dramatic and often unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. All of these factors could affect the value of the NDXT Index and, therefore, the value of the securities.

￭The securities are linked to the Russell 2000® Index and are subject to risks associated with small-capitalization companies. As the Russell 2000® Index is one of the underlying indices, and the Russell 2000® Index consists of stocks issued by companies with relatively small market capitalization, the securities are linked to the value of small-capitalization companies. These companies often have greater stock price volatility, lower trading volume and less liquidity than large-capitalization companies and therefore the Russell 2000® Index may be more volatile than indices that consist of stocks issued by large-capitalization companies. Stock prices of small-capitalization companies are also more vulnerable than those of large-capitalization companies to adverse business and economic developments, and the stocks of small-capitalization companies may be thinly traded. In addition, small capitalization companies are typically less well-established and less stable financially than large-capitalization companies and may depend on a small number of key personnel, making them more vulnerable to loss of personnel. Such companies tend to have smaller revenues, less diverse product lines, smaller shares of their product or service markets, fewer financial resources and less competitive strengths than large-capitalization companies and are more susceptible to adverse developments related to their products.

￭Adjustments to the underlying indices could adversely affect the value of the securities. The publisher of each underlying index may add, delete or substitute the component stocks of such underlying index or make other methodological changes that could change the value of such underlying index. Any of these actions could adversely affect the value of the securities. The publisher of each underlying index may also discontinue or suspend calculation or publication of such underlying index at any time. In these circumstances, MS & Co., as the calculation agent, will have the sole discretion to substitute a successor index that is comparable to the discontinued index. MS & Co. could have an economic interest that is different than that of investors in the securities insofar as, for example, MS & Co. is permitted to consider indices that are calculated and published by MS & Co. or any of its affiliates. If MS & Co. determines that there is no appropriate successor index on any observation date, the determination of whether a contingent monthly coupon will be payable on the securities on the applicable coupon payment date, and/or the amount payable at maturity, will be based on the value of such underlying index, based on the closing prices of the stocks constituting such underlying index at the time of such discontinuance, without rebalancing or substitution, computed by MS & Co. as calculation agent in accordance with the formula for calculating such underlying index last in effect prior to such discontinuance, as compared to the coupon barrier level or downside threshold level, as applicable (depending also on the performance of the other underlying indices).

Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM Historical Performance

The following graph sets forth the daily closing values of the NDXT Index for the period from January 1, 2019 through December 18, 2024. The related table sets forth the published high and low closing values, as well as end-of-quarter closing values, of the NDXT Index for each quarter for the period from January 1, 2019 through December 18, 2024. The closing value of the NDXT Index on December 18, 2024 was 10,473.23. We obtained the information in the graph and table below from Bloomberg Financial Markets, without independent verification. The NDXT Index has at times experienced periods of high volatility, and you should not take the historical values of the NDXT Index as an indication of its future performance. No assurance can be given as to the level of the NDXT Index on any observation date, including the final observation date.

“Nasdaq®,” “Nasdaq-100®” and “Nasdaq-100 Index®” are trademarks of Nasdaq, Inc. For more information, see “Annex A — Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM” below.

Russell 2000® Index Historical Performance

The following graph sets forth the daily closing values of the RTY Index for the period from January 1, 2019 through December 18, 2024. The related table sets forth the published high and low closing values, as well as end-of-quarter closing values, of the RTY Index for each quarter for the period from January 1, 2019 through December 18, 2024. The closing value of the RTY Index on December 18, 2024 was 2,231.513. We obtained the information in the graph and table below from Bloomberg Financial Markets, without independent verification. The RTY Index has at times experienced periods of high volatility, and you should not take the historical values of the RTY Index as an indication of its future performance. No assurance can be given as to the level of the RTY Index on any observation date, including the final observation date.

“Russell 2000® Index” and “Russell 3000ETM Index” are trademarks of FTSE Russell. For more information, see “Russell Indices” in the accompanying index supplement.

S&P 500® Index Historical Performance

The following graph sets forth the daily closing values of the SPX Index for the period from January 1, 2019 through December 18, 2024. The related table sets forth the published high and low closing values, as well as end-of-quarter closing values, of the SPX Index for each quarter for the period from January 1, 2019 through December 18, 2024. The closing value of the SPX Index on December 18, 2024 was 5,872.16. We obtained the information in the graph and table below from Bloomberg Financial Markets, without independent verification. The SPX Index has at times experienced periods of high volatility, and you should not take the historical values of the SPX Index as an indication of its future performance. No assurance can be given as to the level of the SPX Index on any observation date, including the final observation date.

“Standard & Poor’s®,” “S&P®,” “S&P 500®,” “Standard & Poor’s 500” and “500” are trademarks of Standard and Poor’s Financial Services LLC. For more information, see “S&P® U.S. Indices” in the accompanying index supplement.

Additional Terms of the Securities

Please read this information in conjunction with the terms on the front cover of this preliminary pricing supplement.

Additional Information About the Securities

Annex A — Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM

The Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM was developed by Nasdaq and is calculated, maintained and published by The Nasdaq OMX Group, Inc. (“Nasdaq OMX”). The underlying index is designed to measure the performance of Nasdaq-listed companies that are classified as technology according to the Industry Classification Benchmark which also meet other eligibility criteria determined by Nasdaq. The underlying index is reported by Bloomberg under the ticker symbol “NDXT.” All information contained in this document regarding the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM has been derived from publicly available information, without independent verification. 

The Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM is calculated under an equal-weighted methodology. On February 22, 2006, the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM began with a base of 1,000.00. To be eligible for inclusion in the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM, a security and its issuer must meet the following criteria:

●the security must be included in the Nasdaq-100 Index®

●the issuer of the security’s primary U.S. listing must be exclusively on the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the Nasdaq Global Market;

●the issuer of the security must be classified as Technology according to the Industry Classification Benchmark (“ICB”);

●if the issuer of the security is organized under the laws of a jurisdiction outside the United States, then that security must have listed options on a registered options market in the United States or be eligible for listed-options trading on a registered options market in the United States;

●the issuer of the security generally may not currently be in bankruptcy proceedings;

●each security must have a minimum average daily trading volume of 200,000 shares (measured over the three calendar months ending with the month that includes the reconstitution reference date);

●the issuer of the security generally may not have entered into a definitive agreement or other arrangement that would make it ineligible for index inclusion and where the transaction is imminent as determined by the Nasdaq Index Management Committee; and

●the security must have traded for at least three full calendar months, not including the month of initial listing, on an eligible exchange, which includes Nasdaq (Nasdaq Global Select Market, Nasdaq Global Market, or Nasdaq Capital Market), NYSE, NYSE American, or CBOE BZX. Eligibility is determined as of the constituent selection reference date and includes that month. A security that was added as a result of a spin-off will be exempt from the seasoning requirement.

Index Calculation.

The Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM is calculated without regard to ordinary dividends however it does reflect special dividends. The formula is as follows:

where:

and:

“Index Security” shall mean a security that has been selected for membership in the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM, having met all applicable eligibility requirements.

n = Number of Index Securities in the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM.

qi = Number of shares of Index Security i applied in the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM. The number of shares can be based on any number of items which would be identified in each specific Index Methodology including total shares outstanding (TSO), application of free float, dividend yield, modification due to foreign ownership restrictions, modification due to capping etc. This can also be referred to as Index Shares.

pi = Price in quote currency of Index Security i. Depending on the time of the calculation, the price can be either of the following:

(1)The Start of Day (SOD) price which is the previous index calculation day’s (t-1) closing price for Index Security i adjusted for corporate action(s) occurring prior to market open on date t, if any, for the SOD calculation only;

(2)The intraday price which reflects the current trading price received from the Index Exchange during the index calculation day;

(3)The End of Day (EOD) price refers to the Last Sale Price; or

(4)The Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP)

t = current index calculation day

t – 1 = previous index calculation day

Index Calendar. 

The securities composing the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM are selected once annually each December. Securities currently within the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM must meet the eligibility criteria using market data through the end of October that year and total shares outstanding as of the end of November that year. Index reconstitutions are announced in early December and become effective after the close of trading on the third Friday in December.

The index is rebalanced on a quarterly basis in March, June, September and December. The index rebalance uses the Last Sale Price (“LSP”) of all Index securities as of the third Friday (February, May, August, and November, respectively). Index rebalance changes are announced in early March, June, September and December, and changes become effective after the close of trading on the third Friday in March, June, September and December.

Index Maintenance.

Deletion Policy. If at any time other than an index reconstitution, a component of the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM is removed from the Nasdaq-100 Index® for any reason, it is also removed from the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM at the same time.

This may include:

●listing on an ineligible index exchange;

●a security is not classified under the Technology Subsector according to the ICB;

●merger, acquisition, or other major corporate event that would otherwise adversely impact the integrity of the Index;

●if a company is organized as a REIT;

●if the issuer has an adjusted market capitalization below 0.10% of the aggregate adjusted market capitalization of the Nasdaq-100 Index® for two consecutive month-ends; or

●if a security that was added to the Nasdaq-100 Index® as the result of a spin-off event has an adjusted market capitalization below 0.10% of the aggregate adjusted market capitalization of the Nasdaq-100 Index® at the end of its second day of regular way trading as a Nasdaq-100 Index® member.

In the case of mergers and acquisitions, the effective date for the removal of an Index issuer or security will be largely event-based, with the goal to remove the issuer or security as soon as completion of the acquisition or merger has been deemed highly probable. Notable events include, but are not limited to, completion of various regulatory reviews, the conclusion of material lawsuits and/or shareholder and board approvals.

Securities that are added as a result of a spin-off may be deleted as soon as practicable after being added to the index. This may occur when Nasdaq determines that a security is ineligible for inclusion because of reasons such as ineligible exchange, security type, or industry. Securities that are added as a result of a spin-off may be maintained in the index until a later date and then removed, for example if a spin-off security has liquidity or market capitalization characteristics that diverge materially from the security eligibility criteria and could affect the integrity of the index.

Replacement Policy. When a component of the Nasdaq-100 Index® that is classified as Technology according to ICB is removed from the Nasdaq-100 Index®, it is also removed from the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM. As such, if the replacement company being added to the Nasdaq-100 Index® is classified as Technology according to ICB, it is added to the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM and will assume the weight of the removed company on the Index effective date.

When a component of the Nasdaq-100 Index® that is not classified as Technology according to ICB is removed and the replacement company being added to the Nasdaq-100 Index® is classified as Technology according to ICB, the replacement company is considered for addition to the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM at the next quarterly Rebalance.

When a component of the Nasdaq-100 Index® that is classified as Technology according to ICB is removed from the Nasdaq-100 Index® and the replacement company being added to the Nasdaq-100 Index® is not classified as Technology according to ICB, the company is removed from the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM and the divisor of the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM is adjusted to ensure Index continuity.

Additions Policy. If a security is added to the Nasdaq-100 Index® for any reason, it may be added to the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM at the same time.

Corporate Actions. In the periods between scheduled index reconstitution and rebalancing events, individual Index securities may be the subject to a variety of corporate actions and events that require maintenance and adjustments to the Nasdaq-100® Technology Sector IndexSM.

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The securities are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Nasdaq (including its affiliates) (Nasdaq, with its affiliates, are referred to as the “Corporations”). The Corporations have not passed on the legality or suitability of, or the accuracy or adequacy of descriptions and disclosures relating to, the securities. The Corporations make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the holders of the securities or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the securities particularly, or the ability of the Nasdaq-100 Index® to track general stock market performance. The Nasdaq-100 Index® is determined, composed and calculated by Nasdaq without regard to us or the securities. Nasdaq has no obligation to take our needs or the needs of the owners of the securities into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the Nasdaq-100 Index®. The Corporations are not responsible for and have not participated in the determination of the timing, prices, or quantities of the securities to be issued or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the securities are to be converted into cash. The Corporations have no liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the securities.

THE CORPORATIONS DO NOT GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY AND/OR UNINTERRUPTED CALCULATION OF THE NASDAQ-100® TECHNOLOGY SECTOR INDEXSM, NASDAQ-100 INDEX® OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. THE CORPORATIONS MAKE NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY MORGAN STANLEY, OWNERS OF THE SECURITIES, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE NASDAQ-100® TECHNOLOGY SECTOR INDEXSM, NASDAQ-100 INDEX® OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. THE CORPORATIONS MAKE NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE WITH RESPECT TO THE NASDAQ-100 INDEX® OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT SHALL THE CORPORATIONS HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR LOST PROFITS OR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF NOTIFIED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

“Nasdaq®,” “Nasdaq-100®” and “Nasdaq-100 Index®” are trademarks of Nasdaq.