Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 4 - Allowance for Loan Losses During the second quarter of 2019, the Company transitioned its in-house incurred loss allowance for loan loss model to an external vendor incurred loss model that is CECL-ready. The overall financial impact related to switching models is considered immaterial. As a result of the change in models, there has been a change in the methodology for establishing the allowance for loan losses, as described below. Default in the allowance for loan loss model is now considered 90 days past due, whereas default was defined as a charge-off event in the previous model. This increases the probabilities of default for the Company, but reduces the loss given default ratio in the portfolio. Probabilities of default are now more representative of the Company’s customers. Previously, an analysis was performed with a sample of North Carolina consumers to calculate the probabilities of default by credit score. In the new model, the Company is able to track probabilities of default based on historical information of loans in the portfolio. This is the largest impact of the model transition, resulting in an immaterial recovery of provision for loan losses. The qualitative factors used in the model include adjustment to historical rates for the impact of the recession in the last business cycle, current volatility in the market, and management’s analysis of local economic factors and industry-specific outlooks. Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 are presented below (the “other” category represents a one-time impact of re-classification for unfunded commitments’ allowance from the allowance for loan losses to an unfunded commitment liability): Commercial 2019 2018 2017 (dollars in thousands) Balance, beginning of year $ 1,334 $ 1,401 $ 1,404 Provision (recovery) charged to operations (571 ) 132 (72 ) Charge-offs (11 ) (245 ) (31 ) Recoveries 367 46 100 Net (charge-offs) recoveries 356 (199 ) 69 Other (32 ) — — Balance, end of year $ 1,087 $ 1,334 $ 1,401 Note 4 - Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued) Non-Commercial 2019 2018 2017 (dollars in thousands) Balance, beginning of year $ 1,040 $ 1,057 $ 1,303 Provision (recovery) charged to operations (17 ) (42 ) (164 ) Charge-offs (149 ) (81 ) (177 ) Recoveries 74 106 95 Net (charge-offs) recoveries (75 ) 25 (82 ) Other (54 ) — — Balance, end of year $ 894 $ 1,040 $ 1,057 Total 2019 2018 2017 (dollars in thousands) Balance, beginning of year $ 2,374 $ 2,458 $ 2,707 Provision (recovery) charged to operations (588 ) 90 (236 ) Charge-offs (160 ) (326 ) (208 ) Recoveries 441 152 195 Net (charge-offs) recoveries 281 (174 ) (13 ) Other (86 ) — — Balance, end of year $ 1,981 $ 2,374 $ 2,458 The following table shows period-end loans and reserve balances by loan segment both individually and collectively evaluated for impairment at December 31, 2019 and 2018: December 31, 2019 Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Total Reserve Loans Reserve Loans Reserve Loans (dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 32 $ 3,660 $ 1,055 $ 209,456 $ 1,087 $ 213,116 Non-Commercial 109 3,175 785 141,659 894 144,834 Total $ 141 $ 6,835 $ 1,840 $ 351,115 $ 1,981 $ 357,950 December 31, 2018 Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Total Reserve Loans Reserve Loans Reserve Loans (dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 42 $ 1,359 $ 1,292 $ 217,592 $ 1,334 $ 218,951 Non-Commercial 112 3,119 928 147,900 1,040 151,019 Total $ 154 $ 4,478 $ 2,220 $ 365,492 $ 2,374 $ 369,970 Note 4 - Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued) Past due loan information is used by management when assessing the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. The following tables summarize the past due information of the loan portfolio by class: December 31, 2019 Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 Days or More Past due and Non - Accrual Total Past Due Loans Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due (dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 190 $ — $ 190 $ 58,885 $ 59,075 $ — Real estate - commercial — 2,088 2,088 128,910 130,998 — Other real estate construction 14 0 14 23,029 23,043 — Real estate construction — — — 7,600 7,600 — Real estate - residential 326 752 1,078 70,044 71,122 — Home equity 57 82 139 51,077 51,216 — Consumer loan 27 — 27 12,930 12,957 — Other loans — — — 1,939 1,939 — Total $ 614 $ 2,922 $ 3,536 $ 354,414 $ 357,950 $ — December 31, 2018 Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 Days or More Past due and Non - Accrual Total Past Due Loans Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due (dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 54 $ — $ 54 $ 57,122 $ 57,176 $ — Real estate - commercial — 273 273 130,361 130,634 — Other real estate construction — 47 47 31,094 31,141 — Real estate construction — — — 7,805 7,805 — Real estate - residential 890 606 1,496 74,908 76,404 — Home equity 100 118 218 52,323 52,541 — Consumer loan 86 — 86 12,073 12,159 — Other loans — — — 2,110 2,110 — Total $ 1,130 $ 1,044 $ 2,174 $ 367,796 $ 369,970 $ — Once a loan becomes 90 days past due, the loan is automatically transferred to a nonaccrual status. The exception to this policy is credit card loans that remain in accrual status 90 days or more until they are paid current or charged off. Note 4 - Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued) The composition of nonaccrual loans by class as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows: 2019 2018 (dollars in thousands) Commercial $ — $ — Real estate - commercial 2,088 273 Other real estate construction — 47 Real estate 1 – 4 family construction — — Real estate – residential 752 606 Home equity 82 118 Consumer loans — — Other loans — — $ 2,922 $ 1,044 Loans that are in nonaccrual status or 90 days past due and still accruing are considered to be nonperforming. Nonperforming loans were $2.9 million at December 31, 2019 and $1.0 million at December 31, 2018. Management uses a risk-grading program to facilitate the evaluation of probable inherent loan losses and to measure the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. In this program, risk grades are initially assigned by the loan officers and reviewed and monitored by the lenders and credit administration on an ongoing basis. The program has eight risk grades summarized in five categories as follows: Pass : Loans that are pass grade credits include loans that are fundamentally sound and risk factors are reasonable and acceptable. They generally conform to policy with only minor exceptions and any major exceptions are clearly mitigated by other economic factors. Watch : Loans that are watch credits include loans on management’s watch list where a risk concern may be anticipated in the near future. Substandard : Loans that are considered substandard are loans that are inadequately protected by current sound net worth, paying capacity of the obligor or the value of the collateral pledged. All nonaccrual loans are graded as substandard. Doubtful: Loans that are considered to be doubtful have all weaknesses inherent in loans classified substandard, plus the added characteristic that the weaknesses make the collection or liquidation in full on the basis of current existing facts, conditions and values highly questionable and improbable. Loss: Loans that are considered to be a loss are considered to be uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. The tables below summarize risk grades of the loan portfolio by class as of December 31, 2019 and 2018: December 31, 2019 Pass Watch Sub- standard Doubtful Total (dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 56,151 $ 2,921 $ 3 $ — $ 59,075 Real estate - commercial 126,498 1,194 3,306 — 130,998 Other real estate construction 21,253 1,477 313 — 23,043 Real estate 1 - 4 family construction 7,600 — — — 7,600 Real estate - residential 67,647 2,464 1,011 — 71,122 Home equity 50,255 879 82 — 51,216 Consumer loans 12,877 79 1 — 12,957 Other loans 1,939 — — — 1,939 Total $ 344,220 $ 9,014 $ 4,716 $ — $ 357,950 Note 4 - Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued) December 31, 2018 Pass Watch Sub- standard Doubtful Total (dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 55,883 $ 1,284 $ 9 $ — $ 57,176 Real estate - commercial 127,592 1,518 1,524 — 130,634 Other real estate construction 28,711 2,070 360 — 31,141 Real estate 1 - 4 family construction 7,805 — — — 7,805 Real estate - residential 69,900 5,470 1,034 — 76,404 Home equity 52,028 395 118 — 52,541 Consumer loans 12,085 73 1 — 12,159 Other loans 2,110 — — — 2,110 Total $ 356,114 $ 10,810 $ 3,046 $ — $ 369,970 The following tables show the breakdown between performing and nonperforming loans by class as of December 31, 2019 and 2018: December 31, 2019 Performing Non- Performing Total (dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 59,075 $ — $ 59,075 Real estate - commercial 128,910 2,088 130,998 Other real estate construction 23,043 — 23,043 Real estate 1 – 4 family construction 7,600 — 7,600 Real estate – residential 70,370 752 71,122 Home equity 51,134 82 51,216 Consumer loans 12,957 — 12,957 Other loans 1,939 — 1,939 Total $ 355,028 $ 2,922 $ 357,950 December 31, 2018 Performing Non- Performing Total (dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 57,176 $ — $ 57,176 Real estate - commercial 130,361 273 130,634 Other real estate construction 31,094 47 31,141 Real estate 1 – 4 family construction 7,805 — 7,805 Real estate – residential 75,798 606 76,404 Home equity 52,423 118 52,541 Consumer loans 12,159 — 12,159 Other loans 2,110 — 2,110 Total $ 368,926 $ 1,044 $ 369,970 Note 4 - Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued) Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement. If a loan is deemed impaired, a valuation analysis is performed and a specific reserve is allocated if necessary. The tables below summarize the loans deemed impaired and the amount of specific reserves allocated by class as of December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017: As of December 31, 2019 Year Ended December 31, 2019 Recorded Recorded Unpaid Investment Investment Average Principal With No With Related Recorded Interest Balance Allowance Allowance Allowance Investment Income (dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 4 $ — $ 4 $ — $ 6 $ — Real estate - commercial 3,612 1,923 1,689 29 2,273 145 Other real estate construction 44 — 44 3 64 3 Real estate 1 -4 family construction — — — — — — Real estate - residential 3,070 987 2,083 99 3,010 159 Home equity 82 13 69 10 116 5 Consumer loans 23 — 23 — 27 2 Total $ 6,835 $ 2,923 $ 3,912 $ 141 $ 5,496 $ 314 Year Ended As of December 31, 2018 December 31, 2018 Recorded Recorded Unpaid Investment Investment Average Principal With No With Related Recorded Interest Balance Allowance Allowance Allowance Investment Income (dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 7 $ — $ 7 $ — $ 32 $ — Real estate - commercial 1,258 93 1,165 38 1,503 51 Other real estate construction 632 47 47 4 132 3 Real estate 1 -4 family construction — — — — — — Real estate - residential 3,005 901 2,104 110 3,505 145 Home equity 83 51 32 1 54 3 Consumer loans 31 — 31 1 40 3 Total $ 5,016 $ 1,092 $ 3,386 $ 154 $ 5,266 $ 205 Year Ended As of December 31, 2017 December 31, 2017 Recorded Recorded Unpaid Investment Investment Average Principal With No With Related Recorded Interest Balance Allowance Allowance Allowance Investment Income (dollars in thousands) Commercial $ 44 $ 10 $ 34 $ 10 $ 25 $ 2 Real estate - commercial 1,593 1,305 288 9 1,650 72 Other real estate construction 689 101 50 3 208 5 Real estate 1 -4 family construction — — — — 3 — Real estate - residential 3,701 1,319 2,382 171 3,762 179 Home equity 35 22 13 1 66 1 Consumer loans 45 45 — — 53 4 Total $ 6,107 $ 2,802 $ 2,767 $ 194 $ 5,767 $ 263 |