Transcat (TRNS) 10-K2020 FY Annual report

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________

FORM 10-K

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

Commission File Number: 000-03905

TRANSCAT, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

35 Vantage Point Drive, Rochester, New York 14624
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(585) 352-7777
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes [  ]    No [✓]

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes [  ]    No [✓]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file suchreports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [✓]    No [  ]

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes[✓]No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of theeffectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b))by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. [✓]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes [  ] No [✓]

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant on September 27, 2019(the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter) wasapproximately $170.3 million. The market value calculation was determined using the closing sale price of the registrant’s common stock on September 27, 2019, as reported on the Nasdaq Global Market.

The number of shares of common stock of the registrant outstanding as of June 3, 2020 was 7,388,881.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to theAnnual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on September 9, 2020 have been incorporated by reference into Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of this report.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Thisreport contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning ofthe Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations, estimates, beliefs, assumptions and predictions of future events and are identifiedby words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “projects,” “intends,” “could,” “may,” and other similar words. Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact and thus are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or those expressed in such forward-looking statements. You should evaluate forward-looking statements in light of important risk factors and uncertainties that may affect our operating and financial results and our ability to achieve our financial objectives. These factors include, but are not limited to,the Company’s response to the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic,the highly competitive nature of the industries in which we compete and in the nature of our two business segments, cybersecurity risks, the risk of significant disruptions in our information technology systems, our inability to recruit, train and retain quality employees, skilled technicians and senior management, fluctuations in our operating results, competition in the rental market, the volatility of our stock price, our ability to adapt our technology, reliance on our enterprise resource planning system, technology updates, risks related to our acquisition strategy and the integration of the businesses we acquire,volatility in our customers’industries, changes in vendor rebate programs, our vendors abilities to provide desired inventory, the risks related to current and future indebtedness, the relatively low trading volume of our common stock, foreign currency rate fluctuations and the impact of general economic conditions on our business. These risk factors and uncertainties aremore fully described by us under the heading “Risk Factors” in Item IA. of Part I of this report. You should not placeundue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update, correct or publicly announce any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained in this report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Transcat, Inc.(“Transcat”, the “Company,” “we” or “us”) is a leadingprovider of accredited calibration and laboratory instrument services and a value-added distributor of professional grade test, measurement and control instrumentation. We are focused on providing services and products to highly regulated industries, particularly the life science industry, which includes pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device and other FDA-regulated businesses. Additional industries served include FAA-regulated businesses, including aerospace and defense industrial manufacturing; energy and utilities, including oil and gas and alternative energy; and other industries that require accuracy in their processes, confirmation of the capabilities of their equipment, and for which the risk of failure is very costly.

We conduct our business through two operating segments: service(“Service”) and distribution (“Distribution”).See Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for financial information for these segments. We concentrate on attracting new customers in each segment, retaining existing customers and cross-selling to customers to increase our total revenue. We serve approximately 25,000 customers through our Service and Distribution segments, with approximately 25% to 30% of those customers transacting with us through both of our business segments.

Through our Service segment, we offer calibration, repair, inspection, analytical qualifications, preventative maintenance, consulting and other related services, a majority of which are processed through our proprietary assetmanagement system, CalTrak® (“CalTrak®”) and our online customer portal, C3®. Our Service model is flexible,and we cater to our customers’ needs by offering a variety of services and solutions includingpermanent and periodic on-site services, mobile calibration services, pickup and delivery and in-house services. As of the end of our fiscal year ended March 28, 2020(“fiscal year 2020”), weoperated twenty-two calibration service centers(“Calibration ServiceCenters”) strategically located across the UnitedStates, Puerto Rico, and Canada. We also serve our customers on-site at their facilities for daily, weekly or longer-term periods. In addition, we have several imbedded customer-site locations that we refer to as “client-based labs,”where we provide calibration services, and in some cases other related services, exclusively for the customer and where we reside and work every day. We also have a fleet of mobile calibration laboratories that can provide service at customer sites which may not have the space or utility capabilities we require to service their equipment.

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All of our Calibration Service Centers have obtained ISO/IEC 17025:2017 scopes of accreditation. Our accreditations are the cornerstone of our quality program, which we believe is among the best in the industry. Our dedication to quality is highly valued by businesses that operate in the industries we serve, particularly those in life science and other regulated industries, and our accreditations provide our customers with confidence that they will receive a consistent and uniform service, regardless of which of our service centers completes the service.

Through our Distribution segment, we sell and rent national and proprietary brand instruments to customers globally. Through our website, in-house sales team and printed and digital marketing materials, we offer access to more than 150,000 test, measurement and control instruments, including products from approximately 500 leading brands. Most instruments we sell and rent require calibration service to ensure that they maintain the most precise measurements. By having the capability to calibrate these instruments at the time of sale and at regular post-sale intervals, we can give customers a value-added service that most of our competitors are unable to provide. Calibrating before shipping means the customer can place their instruments into service immediately upon receipt, reducing downtime. Other value-added options we offer through our Distribution segment include equipment kitting (which is especially valued in the power generation sector), equipment rentals and used equipment sales.

Our commitment to quality goes beyond the services and products we deliver. Our sales, customer service and support teams provide expert advice, application assistance and technical support to our customers. Since calibration is an intangible service, our customers rely on us to uphold high standards and provide integrity in our people and processes.

Our customers include leading manufacturers in the life science/pharmaceutical, energy, defense, aerospace and industrial process control sectors. We believe our customers do business with us because of our integrity and commitment to quality service, our broad range of product and service offerings, our proprietary asset management system, CalTrak®, and our online customer portal, C3®. In our fiscal year ended March 30, 2019(“fiscal year 2019”)through fiscal year 2020, no customer or controlled group of customers accounted for 5% or more of our total revenue. The loss of any single customer would not have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flows, balance sheet, or results of operations.

Transcat was incorporated in Ohio in 1964. We are headquartered in Rochester, New York and employ 772 people, including approximately 165 in our corporate headquarters. Our executive offices are located at 35 Vantage Point Drive, Rochester, New York 14624. Our telephone number is 585-352-7777. Our website iswww.transcat.com. We trade on the NasdaqGlobal Market under the ticker symbol “TRNS”.

OUR STRATEGY

Our two operating segments are highly complementary in that their offerings are of value to customers within the same industries. Our strategy is to leverage the complementary nature of our operating segments in ways that add value for all customers who select Transcat as their source for test and measurement equipment and/or calibration and laboratory instrument services. We strive to differentiate ourselves within the markets we serve and build barriers to competitive entry by offering a broad range of products and services and by integrating our product and service offerings in a value-added mannerto benefit our customers’ operations.

During fiscal year 2020, we continued to commit capital, people and leadership investments to advance our“Operational Excellence”initiative. These initiatives are resulting in increased productivity and operational efficiency and further differentiation from our competitors as we leverage technology and process improvements to improve our effectiveness and our customers’experiences. Our Operational Excellence is a multi-year, ever-evolving program that we believe will deliver certain short-term benefits but is focused on the use of technology and process improvements to create an infrastructure to support our strategic goals over a longer timeframe.

Within the Service segment, our strategy is to drive double-digit revenue growth through both organic expansion and acquisitions. We expect to achieve mid-to-high single digit organic revenue growth in this segment. We have adopted an integrated sales model to drive sales and capitalize on the cross-selling opportunities between our two segments, especially leveraging our Distribution relationships to develop new Service relationships. We leverage these relationships with our unique value proposition which resonates strongly with customers who rely on accredited calibration services and/or laboratory instrument services to maintain the integrity of their processes and/or meet the demands of regulated business environments. Our customer base values our superior quality programs and requires precise measurement capability in their processes to minimize risk, waste and defects. We execute this strategy by leveraging our quality programs, metrology expertise, multiple locations, qualified technicians, breadth of capabilities, and on-site and depot service options. Together, this allows us to meet the most rigorous quality demands of our most highly regulated customers while simultaneously being nimble enough to meet their business needs.

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We expect to continue to grow our Service business organically by taking market share from other third-party providers and original equipment manufacturers(“OEMs”), as well as by targeting the outsourcing of in-house calibration labs as multi-year client-based lab contracts. We believe an important element in taking market share is our ability to expand into new technical capabilities that are in demand by our current and target customer base.

The other component to our Service growth strategy is acquisitions. There are three drivers of our acquisition strategy: geographic expansion, increased capabilities and infrastructure leverage. The majority of our acquisition opportunities have been in the $500 thousand to $10 million annual revenue range, and we are disciplined in our approach to selecting target companies. One focus of our Operational Excellence initiative is to strengthen our acquisition integration process, allowing us to capitalize on acquired sales and cost synergies at a faster pace.

Our Distribution segment strategy is to be the premier distributor and rental source of leading test and measurement equipment while also providing cross-selling opportunities for our Service segment. Through our vendor relationships we have access to more than 150,000 products, which we market to our existing and prospective customers both with and without value-added service options that are unique to Transcat. In addition to offering pre-shipment value-added services, we offer our customers the options of renting selected test and measurementequipment or buying used equipment, furthering our ability to answer all of our customers’ test and measurementequipment needs. We continuously evaluate our offerings and add new in-demand vendors and products. In recent years we have expanded the number of SKUs that we stock and the number of SKUs that are sold with pre-shipment calibrations and have increased our focus on digital marketing to capitalize on the ever-growing B2B ecommerce trend. Our equipment rental business continues to grow, and with it used equipment sales. Having new, used and rental equipment further differentiates us from our Service segment competitors.

We see these various methods of meeting our Distributioncustomers’needs as a way to differentiate ourselves and to diversify this segment’s customer base from its historicallyniche market. This differentiation and diversification strategy has been deliberately instituted in recent years as a means to mitigate the effect of price-driven competition and to lessen the impact that any particular industry or market will have on the overall performance of this segment.

As part of our growth strategy, we completed three business acquisitions during our fiscal year 2020 and two acquisitions during our fiscal year 2019:

Our acquisition strategy primarily targets service businesses that expand our geographic reach, increase the depth and/or breadth of our service capabilities and expertise and leverage our infrastructure. The table below illustrates the strategical drivers for the acquisitions described above:

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We believe our combined Service and Distribution segment offerings, experience, technical expertise and integrity create a unique and compelling value proposition for our customers, and we intend to continue to grow our business through organic revenue growth and business acquisitions. We consider the attributes of our Service segment which include higher gross margins and recurring revenue streams from customers in regulated industries to be more compelling and scalable than our legacy Distribution segment. For this reason, we expect our Service segment to be the primary source of revenue and earnings growth in future fiscal years. The charts below illustrate Service, Distribution and consolidated revenue over the past five years:

Service Revenue Trend (in millions)		Distribution Sales Trend (in millions)

Consolidated Revenue (in millions)

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SEGMENTS

Service Segment

Calibration.Calibration is the act of comparing a unit or instrument of unknown value to a standard of known value and reporting the result in some specifically defined form. After the calibration has been completed, a decision is made, based on rigorously defined parameters, regarding what, if anything, should be done to the unit to conform to the required standards or specifications. The decision may be to adjust, optimize or repair a unit; limit the use, range or rating of a unit; scrap the unit; or leave the unit as is. The purpose of calibration is to significantly reduce the risk of product or process failures caused by inaccurate measurements. In addition to its being an element of quality control and risk management, calibration improves an operation’s productivity and efficiencyto optimal levels by assuring accurate, reliable instruments and processes.

The need for calibration is often driven by regulation, which identifies a requirement for quality calibration and laboratory instrument services as a critical component of a company’sbusiness operation. We specifically target industries and companies that are regulated by the FDA, FAA or other regulatory bodies. As a result of the variouslevels of regulation within our target industries, our customers’ calibration and laboratory instrument service sourcing decisions are generally made based on the provider’s quality systems, accreditation, reliability, trust, customer service and documentation of services. To maintain our competitive position in this segment, we maintain internationally recognized third-party accredited quality systems,further detailed in the section entitled “ServiceQuality”below, and provide our customers with access to proprietary asset management software solutions, which offer tools to manage their internal calibration programs and provide them with visibility to their service records.

Through our Service segment, we perform recurring periodic calibrations (typically ranging from three-month to twenty-four month intervals) on new and customer-owned instruments. We perform approximately 500,000 calibrations annually and can address a significant majority of the items requested to be calibrated with our in-house capabilities.For customers’ calibration needs in less common and highlyspecialized disciplines, we subcontract some calibrations to third-party vendors that have unique or proprietary capabilities. While typically representing approximately 13% to 15% of our Service segment revenue, we believe the management of these items is highly valued by our customers and providing this service has enabled us to continue our pursuit of having the broadest calibration offerings in these targeted markets.

Compliance Services.Our compliance services include analytical qualification, validation, remediation and preventative maintenance services. Our analytical qualification and validation services provide a comprehensive and highly specialized service offering focused on life science-related industries. Analytical qualifications and validation services include validations to specifically documented protocols that are commonly used in highly-regulated life science industries including installation qualification (“IQ”), operational qualification (“OQ”), and performance qualification (“PQ”). Most of the demand for our qualification, validation and preventative maintenance services comes from companies and institutions engaged in pharmaceutical manufacturing and research and development.

Our goal is to deliver specialized technical services with a quality assurance approach, which maximizes document accuracy and on-time job delivery. These industries demand knowledgeable contract services, and Transcat meets these demands with current good manufacturing practice(“cGMP”)and good laboratory practice(“GLP”)compliant services. Companies within these innovative and cutting-edge life science industries need a reliable alternative to theOEMs and the “generalist” service providers who cannot meet their industry-specific needs. We believe our value proposition to the life science industries is unique as a result of offering a comprehensive suite of both traditional calibration and laboratory instrument and other analytical services.

Analytical qualifications and preventative maintenance services are typically based on service agreements for periodic service and tend to generate recurring revenue. Some validation services are based on certain customer processes. While some validation services may not be repeated, we generally develop relationships with these customers that lead to demand for additional unique validation services. Remediation services are based on specific regulatory actions and are generally project-based and required by a customer for a finite period of time. Remediation revenue is not recurring by its nature.

Other Services.We provide other services to our customers such as inspection, repair and consulting services, which appeal to customers across all sectors in our customer base. These are generally value-added services andallow us to provide “one-stop shopping” for our customers.

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Service Value Proposition.Our calibration services strategy encompasses multiple ways to manage a customer’s calibration and laboratory instrument service needs:

Inclusive with all the above services, we provide total program management including logistics, remediation and consultation services when needed.

We strive to provide the broadest accredited calibration offering to our targeted markets, which includes certification of our technicians pursuant to the American Society for Quality standards, complete calibration management encompassing the entire metrology function, and access to our complementary service and product offerings. We believe our calibration services are of the highest technical and quality levels, with broad ranges of accreditation.

Our Compliance Services strategy is to identify and establish long-term relationships with life science research and development and manufacturing customers who require analytical qualifications, validation, remediation and/or preventative maintenance services. In most cases, these customers are life science companies, including pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies engaged in research and development and manufacturing, which are subject to extensive government regulation. The services we provide to these regulated customers are typically a critical component of the customer’s overall compliance program. Because many laboratory instrument service customers operate in regulated industries, these same customers typically also require accredited calibration services. This requirement allows a natural synergy between our laboratory instrument and calibration services. Our strategy includes cross-selling our services within our customer accounts to maximize our revenue opportunities with each customer.

Proprietary Asset Management Software.CalTrak® is our proprietary documentation and asset management software which is used to integrate and manage both the workflow of our Calibration Service Centers and our customers’ assets. With CalTrak®, we are able to provide our customers with timely and consistent calibration service while optimizing our own efficiencies. CalTrak® has been validated to U.S. federal regulations 21 CFR Part 820.75 and 21 CFR Part 11, as applicable. This validation is important to pharmaceutical and other FDA-regulated industries where federal regulations can be particularly stringent.

Additionally, C3® provides our customers with web-based asset management capability and a safe and secure off-site archive of calibration and other service records that can be accessed 24 hours a day through our secure password-protected website. C3® stands for Compliance, Control and Cost, and we see these as the major areas of focus for our clients within the regulatory environment as it relates to instrument calibration. We specifically designed C3® to assist our customers in increasing efficiency, driving compliance to quality system and enhancing control of instrumentation, all while bringing their overall metrology costs down. Understanding the regulated environments that our clients operate within, we customized the platform to allow for single system of record utilization via capabilities that allow clients to track and manage instruments maintained internally in addition to instruments supported by Transcat. C3® is validated to 21 CFR Part 820.75 and 21 CFR Part 11 to meet stringent FDA requirements.

Through CalTrak® and C3®, each customer calibration is tracked and automatically cross-referenced to the assets used to perform the calibration, providing traceability.

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Service Marketing and Sales.Under our integrated sales model, we have both inside and outside sales teams that seek to acquire new customers in our targeted markets by leveraging our unique value proposition, including our broad geographic footprint and comprehensive suite of services. We target regulated, enterprise customers with multiple manufacturing operations throughout North America. We leverage our ability to manage the complete life cycle of instrumentation from purchase of calibrated equipment to long-term service and maintenance requirements. Connecting all the dots by using new and used product sales, rentals, and repair and calibration services is the goal of our marketing and sales initiatives. We also have a team of customer success managers focused on delivering ever-increasing value for our existing customers. We utilize print media, trade shows and web-based initiatives to market our services to customers and prospective customers with a strategic focus in the highly regulated industries including life science and other FDA-regulated industries, aerospace and defense, energy and utilities, and chemical manufacturing. We also target industrial manufacturing and other industries that appreciate the value of quality calibrations.

Service Competition.The calibration services industry is highly fragmented and is composed of companies ranging from internationally recognized and accreditedOEM’s,to non-accredited sole proprietors as well as companies that perform their own calibrations in-house, resulting in a tremendous range of service levels and capabilities. A large percentage of calibration companies are small businesses that generally do not have a range of capabilities as broad as ours. There are also several companies with whom we compete that have national or regional operations.

We differentiate ourselves from our competitors by demonstrating our commitment to quality, having a wide range of capabilities that are tailored to the markets we serve, having a geographical footprint that spans North America and providing a comprehensive suite of services that spans many manufacturers and is not limited to certain product lines or brands. Our unique ability to bundle our products with our compliance and calibration services also provides a high level of differentiation from our competitors. As one of the only North American compliance and calibration service providers who also distributes product, our customers can seamlessly replace instruments that cannot be calibrated or are otherwise deemed to be at end of life. Our close knowledge of the products we distribute also allows our service staff to consult and advise customers on what products are best suited for their in-house calibration needs. We also believe that our proprietary software is a key differentiator from our competitors. CalTrak® and C3® are utilized by our customers in an integrated manner, providing a competitive barrier as customers realize synergies and efficiencies as a result of this integration.

In fiscal year 2020, we invested in a software solution for the automation of calibration procedures and datasheet generation. We are in the early testing phases with the rollout for the first limited set of calibration disciplines. In fiscal year 2019, we expanded our range of capabilities by making significant capital and staffing investments in reference-level radio frequency/microwave calibration capabilities. This allowed us to increase business with our prestigious clients in the enterprise computer manufacturing and aerospace defense sectors. In addition, we grew our mobile calibration laboratory fleet and added the ability to carry inventory and sell products while onsite. This was done to strategically target onsite calibration and instrument sales to the wind energy sector. We believe this mobile approach combined with our high-quality significantly improves our differentiation in this space.

Competition for laboratory instrument services is composed of both small local and regional service providers and large multi-national OEMs. We believe we are generally financially stronger, service a larger customer base and are typically able to offer a larger suite of services than many of the small local and regional competitors. The large OEMs may offer specialized services and brand-specific expertise which we do not offer, but they are generally focused on providing specialized services only for their proprietary brands and product lines, rather than servicing an array of brands and product lines as we do. We believe our competitive advantages in the laboratory instrument services market are our financial and technical resources, turnaround time, and flexibility to react quickly tocustomers’ needs. The breadth of our suite of laboratory instrument service, combined with our calibration service offerings, also differentiates us from our competitors by allowing us to be our customers’ one-source accredited services provider for their entire calibration and compliance programs.

Service Quality.The accreditation process is the only system currently in existence that validates measurement competence. To ensure that the quality and consistency of our calibrations are consistent with the global metrology network, designed to standardize measurements worldwide, we have sought and achieved international levels of quality and accreditation to provide uniformity across all locations with advanced levels of training for our technical staff. Our Calibration Service Centers are accredited to ISO/IEC 17025:2017 by ANSI-ASQ National AccreditationBoard (“ANAB”)and other accrediting bodies. These accrediting bodies are International Laboratory Accreditation CooperationMutual Recognition Arrangement (“ILAC MRA”) signatories, are proficient in the technical aspects of the chemistry and physics that underlie metrology, and provide an objective, third-party, internationally accepted evaluation of the quality, consistency, and competency of our calibration processes. Accreditation also requires that all measurement standards used for accredited measurements have a fully documented path, known as Metrological Traceability, through the National Institute of Standards and Technology or the National Research Council (the National Measurement Institutes for the United States and Canada, respectively), or to other national or international standards bodies, or to measurable conditions created in our Calibration Service Centers, or accepted fundamental and/or natural physical constants, ratio type of calibration, or by comparison to consensus standards, all inclusive of measurement uncertainties.

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The importance of this international oversight to our customers is the assurance that our service documentation will be accepted worldwide, removing one of the barriers to trade that they may experience if using a calibration laboratory provider whose accrediting body is not an ILAC MRA signatory. To provide the widest range of services to our customers in our target markets, our ISO/IEC 17025:2017 accreditations extend across many technical disciplines, including working-level and reference-level capabilities. We believe our scope of accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025:2017 to be the broadest for the industries we serve.

To reinforce our belief in the importance of calibration quality, we are leveraging a branding campaign for our Service segment that is centered around three simple words– “Calibrated by Transcat®”. We believe we haveestablished a strong, differentiated brand that has a deep and meaningful association with quality, compliance and control. We want the phrase “Calibrated by Transcat®” to be synonymous with risk reduction and qualitycompliance.

Acquired calibration labs might use other quality registration systems. We continually evaluate when to integrate acquired quality systems with the focus on minimizing business disruptions and disruptions to our customers while maintaining our commitment to quality.

Our scopes of accreditation can be found athttp://www.transcat.com/calibration-services/accreditation/calibration-lab-certificates.

Distribution Segment

Distribution Summary.We distribute professional grade test, measurement and control instrumentation throughout North America and internationally. Our customers use test and measurement instruments to ensure that their processes, and ultimately their end products, are within specification. Utilization of such diagnostic instrumentation also allows for continuous improvement processes to be in place, increasing the accuracies of their measurements. The industrial test and measurement instrumentation market, in those geographic areas where we predominately operate, has historically been serviced by broad-based national equipment distributors and niche or specialty-focused organizations such as Transcat. We offer value-added services such as calibration/certification of equipment purchases, equipment rentals, used equipment for sale, and equipment kitting. In recent years, online-based distributors have become more prevalent. To more effectively compete with these online-based distributors, we have continued to make improvements to our digital platform, including enhanced e-commerce capabilities.

We believe that a customer chooses a distributor based on a number of different criteria, including product availability, price, ease of doing business, timely delivery and accuracy of orders, consistent product quality, technical competence of the representative serving them and availability of value-added services. The decision to buy is generally made by plant engineers, quality managers, or their purchasing personnel, and products are typically obtained from one or more distributors as replacements, upgrades, or for expansion of manufacturing and research and development facilities. As a result, sales to Distribution customers are somewhat unpredictable and potentially non-recurring. Our online presence, including our website and e-newsletters; Master Catalog; supplemental mailings and other sales and marketing activities are designed to create interest and maintain a constant presence in front of our customers to ensure we receive the order when they are ready to purchase.

We provide our customers with value-added services, including technical support, to ensure our customers receive the right product for their application, and more comprehensive instrument suitability studies to customers in regulated industries who are concerned about the technical uncertainties that their testing or in-process instruments may bring to a process. We consider our biggest value-added service for our Distribution customers is the option to have calibration service performed on their new product purchases prior to shipment, allowing them to place newly acquired equipment directly into service upon receipt, saving downtime. We also offer online procurement, credit card payment options, same day shipment of in-stock items, kitted products, the option to rent, training programs and a variety of custom product offerings. Items are regularly added to and deleted from our product offerings on the basis of customer demand, recommendations of suppliers, sales volumes and other factors. Because of the breadth of our product and service offerings, we are often a “one-stop shop” for our customers who gain operationalefficiency by dealing with just one distributor for most or all of their test and measurement instrumentation needs.

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In fiscal year 2020, our Distribution segment performed well against our corporate strategy. We grew our core set of customers while focusing on strategic pricing initiatives that drove incremental gross profit. Our focus on higher margin channels such as used equipment and rentals will be a continual focus to bolster profitability in the Distribution segment. This effort is intended to offset competitive pressures in our legacy distribution business.

Distribution Marketing and Sales.We market, create demand and sell to our customers through multiple direct sales channels including our website, digital and print advertising, proactive outbound sales and an inbound call center. Our outbound and inbound sales teams are staffed with technically trained personnel who are available to help guide product selection. Our website serves as a sales channel for our products and services, and provides search capability, detailed product information, in-stock availability, selection guides, demo videos and downloadable product specification sheets. We have made investments in our website to implement the latest marketing technologies which allow us to provide an intuitive customer experience, with simple product comparison and quoting, ease at checkout and automated post-order follow-up. We also operate and maintain several industry-specific service websites, obtained through recent acquisitions. For example, the URLwww.pipettes.comwas obtained in connection with the acquisition of TTE. TTE focuses on selling pipettes, pipette supplies and related services to its customers. We believe with our digital marketing experience we can expand the web traffic and sales through www.pipettes.com.

We use a multichannel approach to reach our customers and prospective customers including our Master Catalog, periodic supplemental catalogs, website, e-newsletters, and other direct sales and marketing programs. Our digital marketing strategy includes ongoing investment in search engine optimization, application-specific digital content, pay-per-click search engine advertising, and product listings on online marketplaces such as Amazon and Google Shopping. We continue to invest in back-end technologies designed to provide a seamless customer experience across all our marketing channels. During fiscal year 2020, we proactively communicated with our customers and prospective customers through direct mail catalogs, email newsletters, vertical email drip campaigns, retargeting ads, educational webinars, and outbound sales calls. Some of the key factors that determine the marketing materials a customer may receive include relevancy of new product introductions, current promotions, purchase history, thecustomer’s market segment, and the contact’s job function.

As a result of strong relationships with our product vendors and our historical marketing program results, we have the opportunity to carry out co-branded marketing initiatives, aimed at our existing customers and our prospective customer base, for which we receive cooperative advertising support. These co-branded marketing initiatives typically feature specific vendors, new products or targeted product categories and take the form of direct mailers, web-based initiatives or outbound sales efforts.

Distribution Competition.The distribution market for industrial test and measurement instrumentation is fragmented and highly competitive. Our competitors range from large national distributors and manufacturers that sell directly to customers to small local distributors and online distributors. Key competitive factors typically include customer service and support, quality, lead time, inventory availability, brand recognition and price. Toaddress our customers’needs for technical support and product application assistance, we employ a staff of highly trained technical sales specialists. In order to maintain this competitive advantage, technical training is an integral part of developing our sales staff. To differentiate ourselves from competitors, we offer pre-shipment calibration or performance data reports which allow customers to receive our products and immediately place them into service, saving them downtime and money.

Online distributors, including Amazon which sells lower price-point products, have become prominent competitors for sales of handheld test and measurement equipment, competing primarily on price. While online competitors lack the value-added services we offer in our Distribution segment, they have been successful in capturing some market share in the worldwide market for test and measurement instruments. To stay ahead of growing competition from these online distributors and in keeping with the general trend of increased use of e-commerce, we continue to invest in our digital platform including a well-indexed website with improved design and functionality. In addition, we have diversified our offerings by expanding the brands and product lines that we offer and adding higher gross margin equipment rentals and used equipment sales, which we believe makes Transcat unique among our competitors.

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Distribution Suppliers and Purchasing.We believe that effective purchasing is a key element to maintaining and enhancing our position as a provider of high-quality test and measurement instruments. We frequently evaluate our purchase requirements and suppliers’ offerings to obtain products atthe best possible cost. We obtain our products from approximately 500 suppliers of brand name and private-labeled equipment. In fiscal year 2020, our top 10 vendors accounted for approximately 73% of our aggregate Distribution business.

We plan our product mix and inventory stock to best serve the anticipated needs of our customers, whose individual purchases vary in size. We can usually ship our top selling products to our customers the same day they are ordered.

Distribution Vendor Rebates.We have agreements with certain product vendors that provide for rebates based on meeting a specified cumulative level of purchases and/or incremental distribution sales. These rebates are recorded as a reduction of cost of distribution sales. Purchase rebates are calculated and recorded quarterly based upon our volume of purchases with specific vendors during the quarter. Point of sale rebate programs that are based on year-over-year sales performance on a calendar year basis are recorded as earned, on a quarterly basis, based upon the estimated level of annual achievement. Point of sale rebate programs that are based on year-over-year sales performance on a quarterly basis are recorded as earned in the respective quarter.

Distribution Operations.Our Distribution operations primarily take place at our 48,500 square-foot facility in Rochester, New York which includes 17,000 square feet of warehouse space. The Rochester location also serves as our corporate headquarters, houses our customer service, sales and administrative functions, and is a Calibration Service Center. We also have two smaller warehouse facilities. Our Wisconsin warehouse fulfills orders for certain large industrial scales and our Fullerton, California warehouse fulfills orders for used equipment and rental equipment. In fiscal year 2020, we shipped approximately 31,000 product orders.

Distribution Backlog.Distribution orders include orders for instruments that we routinely stock in our inventory, customized products, and other products ordered less frequently, which we do not stock. Pending product shipments are primarily backorders, but also include products that are requested to be calibrated in one of our Calibration Service Centers prior to shipment, orders required by the customer to be shipped complete or at a future date, and other orders awaiting final credit or management review prior to shipment. Our total backlog was $4.3 million and $3.9 million as of March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, respectively.

CUSTOMER SERVICE AND SUPPORT

Key elements of our customer service approach are our business development sales team, outbound sales team, account management team, inbound sales and customer service organization. To ensure the quality of service provided, we monitor our customer service through customer surveys, call monitoring and daily statistical reports.

INFORMATION REGARDING EXPORT SALES

In fiscal years 2020 and 2019, approximately 10% of our total revenue resulted from sales to customers outside the United States. Of those export sales in fiscal year 2020, approximately 12% were denominated in U.S. dollars and the remaining 88% were in Canadian dollars. Our revenue is subject to the customary risks of operating in an international environment, including the potential imposition of trade or foreign exchange restrictions, tariff and other tax increases, fluctuations in exchange rates and unstable political situations, any one or more of which could have a material adverseeffect on our business, cash flows, balance sheet or results of operations. See “Foreign Currency” in Item 7A. of Part II and Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for further details.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

We utilize a turnkey enterprise software solution from Infor, Inc.(“Infor”)called Application Plus to manage our business and operations segments. This software includes a suite of fully integrated modules to manage our business functions, including customer service, warehouse management, inventory management, financial management, customer relations management and business intelligence. This solution is a fully mature business package and has been subject to more than 20 years of refinement. We utilize customer relationship management (“CRM”) software offered by SalesForce.com, Inc., which is strategically partnered with Infor, allowing us to fully integrate the CRM software with our Infor enterprise software.

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We also utilize CalTrak®, our proprietary document and asset management system, to manage documentation, workflowand customers’ assets within and amongst most of our Calibration Service Centers. In addition to functioning as an internal documentation, workflow, and asset management system, CalTrak®, through C3®, provides customers with web-based calibration cycle management service and access to documentation relating to services completed by Transcat. Certain recent acquisitions utilize either third-party or their own proprietary calibration management systems. We continually evaluate when to integrate these acquired systems with a focus on obtaining operational synergies while imposing minimal disruption to customers.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

We have federally registered trademarks for Transcat®, CalTrak®, C3® and Procision™, which we consider to be of material importance to our business. The registrations for these trademarks are in good standing with the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office. Our CalTrak® trademark is also registered in Canada for one class with the Canada Intellectual Property Office. Our trademark registrations must be renewed at various times, and we intend to renew our trademarks, as necessary, for the foreseeable future.

In addition, we own www.transcat.com and www.transcat.ca among other Internet domain names. As with phone numbers, we do not have, and cannot acquire any property rights to an Internet address. The regulation of domain names in the United States and in other countries is also subject to change. Regulatory bodies could establish additional top-level domains, appoint additional domain name registrars or modify the requirements for holding domain names. As a result, we might not be able to maintain our domain names or obtain comparable domain names, which could harm our business.

SEASONALITY

Our business has certain historical seasonal factors. Historically, our fiscal third and fourth quarters have been stronger than our fiscal first and second quarters due to the operating cycles of our industrial sector customers. Our Distribution segment has historically been strongest in our third fiscal quarter while Service has historically been strongest in our fourth fiscal quarter.

FISCAL YEAR

We operate on a 52/53 week fiscal year, ending the last Saturday in March. In a 52-week fiscal year, each of the four quarters is a 13-week period. In a 53-week fiscal year, the last quarter is a 14-week period. Fiscal year 2020 and 2019 both consisted of 52 weeks. Fiscal year 2021which ends on March 27, 2021 (“fiscal year 2021”)will also have 52 weeks.

ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS

We believe that we are in compliance with federal, state, and local provisions relating to the protection of the environment, and that continued compliance will not have any material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings, or competitive position.

EMPLOYEES

At the end of fiscal year 2020, we had 772 employees, including 50 part-time employees, compared with 685 employees, including 28 part-time employees, at the end of fiscal year 2019.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

We file Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxystatements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Our filings with the SEC are available on the SEC’swebsite atwww.sec.gov. We also maintain a website at www.transcat.com. We make available, free of charge, in the Investor Relations section of our website, documents we file with or furnish to the SEC, including our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports. We make this information available as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish such information to, the SEC. The other information found on our website is not part of this or any other report we file with, or furnish to, the SEC. Copies of such documents are available in print at no charge to any shareholder who makes a request. Such requests should be made to our corporate secretary at our corporate headquarters, 35 Vantage Point Drive, Rochester, New York 14624. 

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

You should consider carefully the following risks and all other information included in this report. The risks and uncertainties described below and elsewhere in this report are not the only ones facing our business. If any of the following risks were to actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations would likely suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could fall and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the U.S. and global economies, disrupted global supply chains,resulted in significant travel and transport restrictions, including mandated closures and orders to “shelter-in-place,”and created significant disruption of the financial markets. We are closely monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of our business, including how it will impact our customers, employees and supply chain. Given the critical nature of the services and products that we provide, our calibration labs, distribution centers and support offices have remained open during the pandemic. While the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a material adverse effect on our reported results for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, we are unable to predict the ultimate impact that it may have on our business, future results of operations, financial position or cash flows. The extent to which our operations may be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic will depend largely on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted. We may experience additional operating costs due to increased challenges with our workforce (including as a result of illness, absenteeism or government orders), access to supplies, capital, and fundamental support services (such as shipping and transportation). Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may experience materially adverse impacts to our business due to any resulting economic recession or depression. Furthermore, the impacts of a potential worsening of global economic conditions and the continued disruptions to and volatility in the financial markets remain unknown.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may also exacerbate other risks discussed in this section, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us. This situation is changing rapidly and additional impacts may arise that we are not aware of currently.

The COVID-19 pandemic may significantly disrupt our workforce and internal operations.The COVID-19 pandemic may significantly disrupt our workforce if a significant percentage of our employees are unable to work due to illness, quarantines, government actions, facility closures in response to the pandemic, fear of acquiring COVID-19 while performing essential business functions, or as a result of recent changes to unemployment insurance where unemployed workers can receive, in the short-term, benefits in excess of what would be offered for working for us. As part of our response to the pandemic, we instituted hazard pay for certain employees that perform essential work at customer sites. While we remain fully operational as an essential business, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to adequately staff our operations when needed, particularly as the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, which may strain our existing personnel, increase costs, and negatively impact our operations. As a result, our internal operations may experience disruptions. The pandemic may create additional challenges in attracting and retaining quality employees in the future. In addition, COVID-19 related-illness could impact members of our board of directors resulting in absenteeism from meetings of the directors or committees of directors, making it more difficult to convene the quorums of the full board of directors or its committees needed to conduct meetings for the management of our affairs. We cannot predict the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may disrupt our workforce and internal operations.

We have taken certain precautions due to the COVID-19 pandemic that could negatively impact our business.In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have taken measures intended to protect the health and well-being of our employees, customers, and communities, which could negatively impact our business. These measures include temporarily requiring all non-essential employees (personnel whose roles allow) to work remotely, restricting work-related travel except for direct onsite service to our customers, restricting non-essential visitors from entering our sites, increasing the frequency and extent of cleaning and disinfecting facilities, workstations, and equipment, developing social distancing plans, and instituting specialized training to ensure the safe handling of ourcustomers’critical equipment. The health of our workforce, customers and communities is of primary concern and we may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or as we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers and others. In addition, our management team has, and will likely continue to, spend significant time, attention and resources monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and seeking to manage its effects on our business and workforce. The extent to which the pandemic and our precautionary measures may impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.

The industries in which we compete are highly competitive, and we may not be able to compete successfully.Within our Service segment, we provide calibration services and compete in an industry that is highly fragmented and is composed of companies ranging from internationally recognized and accredited corporations to non-accredited sole proprietors, resulting in a tremendous range of service levels and capabilities. Also, within our Service segment, we provide compliance services and compete in an industry that is composed of both small local and regional service providers and large multi-national companies who are also OEMs. Within our Service segment, some of our larger competitors may have broader service capabilities and may have greater name recognition than us. Some manufacturers of the products we sell may also offer calibration and compliance services for their products. 

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Within our Distribution segment, we compete with numerous companies, including several major manufacturers and distributors. Most of our products are available from several sources and our customers tend to have relationships with several distributors. Competitors in the product distribution industry could also obtain exclusive rights to market particular products, which we would then be unable to market. Manufacturers could also increase their efforts to sell directly to end-users and bypass distributors like us. Industry consolidation among distributors, the unavailability of products, whether due to our inability to gain access to products or interruptions in supply from manufacturers, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, or the emergence of new competitors could also increase competition and adversely affect our business or results of operations.

In each of the industries in which we compete, some of our competitors have greater financial and other resources than we do, which could allow them to compete more successfully. In the future, we may be unable to compete successfully and competitive pressures may reduce our sales.

Competition in our Distribution segment is changing with an increase in web-based distributors. We may not be able to compete successfully.We face substantial and increased competition throughout the world, especially in our Distribution segment. The competition is changing, with web-based distributors becoming more prevalent and increasing their market share. Some of our competitors are much larger than us. Changes in the competitive landscape pose new challenges that could adversely affect our ability to compete. Entry or expansion of other vendors into this market may establish competitors that have larger customer bases and substantially greater financial and other resources with which to pursue marketing and distribution of products. Their current customer base and relationships, as well as their relationships and ability to negotiate with manufacturers, may also provide them with a competitive advantage. If we are unable to effectively compete with our current and future competitors, our ability to sell products could be harmed and could result in a negative impact on our Distribution segment. Any erosion of our competitive position could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Cybersecurity incidents could adversely affect our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information and/or damage to our business relationships, all of which could negatively impact our business, results of operations or financial condition.We rely extensively on informationtechnology (“IT”) systems, some of which are provided by third parties, to support our business activities, includingfor orders and the storage, processing and transmission of our electronic, business-related, information assets used in or necessary to conduct business. The data we store and process may include customer payment information, personal information concerning our employees, confidential financial information and other types of sensitive business-related information. Numerous and evolving cybersecurity threats pose potential risks to the security of our IT systems, networks and services, as well as the confidentiality, availability and integrity of our data. To mitigate the spread of COVID-19, some of our office personnel transitioned to remote work environments which may exacerbate various cybersecurity risks to our business, including an increased risk of phishing and other social engineering attacks, and an increased risk of unauthorized dissemination of sensitive personal, proprietary or other confidential information. Global cybersecurity threats can range from uncoordinated individual attempts to gain unauthorized access to our IT systems to sophisticated and targeted measures known as advanced persistent threats. The techniques used in these attacks change frequently and may be difficult to detect for periods of time and we may face difficulties in anticipating and implementing adequate preventative measures. While we employ comprehensive measures to prevent, detect, address and mitigate these threats (including access controls, data encryption, vulnerability assessments, management training, continuous monitoring of our IT networks and systems and maintenance of backup and protective systems), cybersecurity incidents, depending on their nature and scope, could potentially result in the misappropriation, destruction, corruption or unavailability of critical data or proprietary information and the disruption of business operations. The potential consequences of a material cybersecurity incident include reputational damage, compromised employee, customer, or third-party information, litigation with third parties, regulatory actions, and increased cybersecurity protection and remediation costs, which in turn could adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, the laws and regulations governing security of data on IT systems and otherwise held by companies is evolving and adding layers of complexity in the form of new requirements and increasing costs of attempting to protect IT systems and data and complying with new cybersecurity regulations.

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If we experience a significant disruption in, or breach in security of, our IT systems, or if we fail to implement new systems and software successfully, our business could be adversely affected.Our IT systems may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to power outages, hardware failures, telecommunication failures, user errors, catastrophes or other unforeseen events. Our IT systems also may experience interruptions, delays or cessations of service or produce errors in connection with system integration, software upgrades or system migration work that takes place from time to time. In addition, technology resources may be strained due to the increase in the number of remote users in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. If we were to experience a prolonged system disruption in the IT systems that involve our interactions with customers or suppliers, it could result in the loss of sales and customers and significant incremental costs, which could adversely affect our business.

Our revenue and ability to achieve our stated corporate objectives depends on our senior management and our ability to retain recruit, train and retain quality employees.Our success is dependent on our senior management and our ability to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel, especially skilled service technicians. Competition for senior management is intense, and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining key personnel. Qualified skilled service technicians are in high demand and are subject to competing offers. The ability to meet our labor needs while controlling costs associated with hiring and training new employees is subject to external factors such as unemployment levels and prevailing wage rates. The loss of services of any member of our senior management team or key employees, and the inability to attract and retain other qualified personnel, especially skilled service technicians, could affect our ability to achieve our stated corporate objectives and could adversely impact our business and results of operations.

We expect that our quarterly results of operations will fluctuate. Such fluctuations could cause our stock price to decline.A large portion of our expenses for our Service segment, including expenses for facilities, equipment and personnel are relatively fixed. Accordingly, if revenues decline or do not grow as we anticipate, we may not be able to correspondingly reduce our expenses in any particular quarter. Our quarterly revenues and operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to do so in the future. Historically, our fiscal third and fourth quarters have been stronger than our fiscal first and second quarters due to industrial operating cycles. Fluctuations in industrial demand for products we sell and services we provide, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, could cause our revenues and operating results to fluctuate. If our operating results in some quarters fail to meet the expectations of stock market analysts and investors, our stock price may decline.

If we do not effectively compete in the rental test and measurement equipment market, our operating results may be adversely affected.We compete in the rental market on the basis of a number of factors, including equipment availability, price, service and reliability. Some of our competitors may offer similar equipment for rent at lower prices and may offer more extensive servicing, or financing options. In addition, if the supply of rental equipment available on the market significantly increases, demand for and pricing of our rental products could be adversely impacted lowering our gross margins on rentals.Further, customers’ confronting competing budget priorities and more limitedresources as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to less demand for rental equipment and increased pressure on pricing. Failure to adequately forecast the adoption of and demand for equipment may cause us not to meet ourcustomers’rental equipment requirements and may adversely affect our operating results.

Our stock price may be volatile.The stock market, from time to time, has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are both related and unrelated to the operating performance of companies. Our stock may be affected by market volatility and by our own performance. The following factors, among others, may have a significant effect on the market price of our common stock:

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If we fail to adapt our technology to meet customer needs and preferences, the demand for our products and services may diminish.Our future success will depend on our ability to develop services and solutions that keep pace with technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences in the markets we serve. We cannot be sure that we will be successful in adapting existing or developing new technology or services in a timely or cost-effective manner or that the solutions we do develop will be successful in the marketplace. Our failure to keep pace with changes in technology, industry standards and customer preferences in the markets we serve could diminish our ability to retain and attract customers and retain our competitive position, which could adversely impact our business and results of operations.

We rely on our CalTrak®,Application Plus (our enterprise resource planning system) and other management information systems for inventory management, distribution, workflow, accounting and other functions. If our CalTrak®,Application Plus or other management information systems fail to adequately perform these functions, experience an interruption in their operation or a security breach, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.The efficient operation of our business depends on our management information systems. We rely on our CalTrak®, Application Plus and other management information systems to effectively manage accounting and financial functions, customer service, warehouse management, order entry, order fulfillment, inventory replenishment, documentation, asset management, and workflow. Our management information systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from computer viruses or hackers, natural or man-made disasters, vandalism, terrorist attacks, power loss, or other computer systems, internet, telecommunications or data network failures. Any such interruptions to our management information systems could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenues, increased overhead costs, excess inventory and product shortages, causing our business and results of operations to suffer. In addition, our management information systems are vulnerable to security breaches. Our security measures or those of our third-party service providers may fail to detect or prevent such security breaches. Security breaches could result in the unauthorized publication of our confidential business or proprietary information, the unauthorized release of customer, vendor, or employee data and payment information, the violation of privacy or other laws, and the exposure to litigation, any of which could harm our business and results of operations.

Our enterprise resource planning system is aging, and we may experience issues from any implementation of a new enterprise resource planning system.We have an enterprise resource planning system (“ERP”) to assist with thecollection, storage, management and interpretation of data from our business activities to support future growth and to integrate significant processes. Although we use current versions of software and have support agreements in place, due to the age of our ERP, we anticipate that a new ERP will be required to be implemented sometime in the future. ERP implementations are complex and time-consuming and involve substantial expenditures on system software and implementation activities, as well as changes in business processes. Our ERP system is critical to our ability to accurately maintain books and records, record transactions, provide important information to our management and prepare our consolidated financial statements. ERP implementations also require the transformation of business and financial processes in order to reap the benefits of the ERP system; any such transformation involves risks inherent in the conversion to a new computer system, including loss of information and potential disruption to our normal operations. Any disruptions, delays or deficiencies in the design and implementation of a new ERP system could adversely affect our ability to process orders, provide services and customer support, send invoices and track payments, fulfill contractual obligations or otherwise operate our business. Additionally, if the ERP system does not operate as intended, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting could be adversely affected or our ability to assess it adequately could be delayed.

We may not successfully integrate business acquisitions.We completed three acquisitions during fiscal year 2020 and two acquisitions during fiscal year 2019. If we fail to accurately assess and successfully integrate any recent or future business acquisitions, we may not achieve the anticipated benefits, which could result in lower revenues, unanticipated operating expenses, reduced profitability and dilution of our book value per share. Successful integration involves many challenges, including:

In addition, an acquisition could adversely impact cash flows and/or operating results, and dilute shareholder interests, for many reasons, including:

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If the integration of any or all of our acquisitions or future acquisitions is not successful, it could have a material adverse impact on our operating results and stock price.

Our future business acquisition efforts may not be successful, which may limit our growth or adversely affect our results of operations, and financing of any future acquisitions could result in shareholder dilution and/or increase our leverage.Business acquisitions are an important part of our growth strategy. If we identify an appropriate acquisition candidate, we may not be able to successfully negotiate terms or finance the acquisition. If disruptions fromthe COVID-19 pandemic and related government measures, economic downturns or other matters of global concern continue for an extensive period of time or recur, our ability to pursue and consummate potential acquisitions could be materially adversely affected. In addition, to successfully complete targeted acquisitions, we may issue additional equity securities that could dilute our holders stock ownership, or we may incur additional debt, which could increase our leverage and our risk of default under our existing credit facility. If we fail to successfully acquire businesses, our growth and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Volatility in the oil and gas industry has had, in the past, and could have in the future, a negative impact on our operating results.A portion of our products and services customer base is directly or indirectly related to the oil and gas industry. As a result, demand for some of our products is dependent on the level of expenditures by the oil and gas industry. Global oil markets have recently experienced significant volatility and dramatic decreases in prices due to decreased demand resulting from, among other things, the COVID-19 pandemic and increased supply resulting from aggressive increases in production of oil by Saudi Arabia and Russia. In addition to the more significant impact on our Distribution segment, an extended downturn in the oil and gas industry or continued volatility in oil and gasprices could impact customers’ demand for some of our services (generally excluding life sciences, our largest industrycustomer sector), which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our Service segment has a concentration of customers in the life science and other FDA-regulated and industrial manufacturing industries.A number of our Service segment customers operate in the pharmaceutical and other FDA-regulated or industrial manufacturing industries. This concentration of our customer base affects our overall risk profile, since a significant portion of our customers would be similarly affected by changes in economic, political, regulatory, and other industry conditions. An abrupt or unforeseen change in conditions in these industries could adversely affect customer demand for our services, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

A change in vendor rebate programs could adversely affect our gross margins and results of operations. The terms on which we purchase products from certain of our suppliers entitle us to receive a rebate based on the volume of our purchases. These rebates effectively reduce our costs for products. If suppliers adversely change the terms of some or all of these programs, the changes may lower our gross margins on products we sell and may have an adverse effect on our operating results.

We depend on manufacturers to supply inventory to our Distribution segment and if our vendors fail to provide desired products to us, increase prices, or fail to timely deliver products, our revenue and gross profit could suffer.Like other distributors in our industry, we occasionally experience supplier shortages and are unable to purchase our desired volume of products. If we are unable to enter into and maintain satisfactory distribution arrangements with leading manufacturers, if we are unable to maintain an adequate supply of products, or if manufacturers do not regularly invest in, introduce to us, and/or make new products available to us for distribution, our Distribution segment sales could suffer considerably. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the supply of products, and we may experience increased difficulties in obtaining products at stable pricing levels. As a result, we may need to restructure or change some of our product lines in the future. We cannot provide any assurance that particular products, or product lines, will be available to us, or available in quantities sufficient to meet customer demand. This is of particular significance to our Distribution segment business because the products we sell are often only available from one source. Any limits to product access could materially and adversely affect our Distribution segment business.

Adverse changes in general economic conditions or uncertainty about future economic conditions, including economic uncertainty from the current pandemic, could adversely affect us.We are subject to the risks arising from adverse changes in general economic market conditions, including the negative impact to the U.S. and global economy from the COVID-19 pandemic. Uncertainty about future economic conditions could negatively affect our current and prospective customers causing them to delay the purchase of necessary services or test and measurement instruments. Poor economic conditions could harm our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

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Tariffs imposed by the U.S. and those imposed in response by other countries, as well as rapidly changing trade relations, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.Changes in U.S. andforeign governments’ trade policies have resulted in, and may continue to result in, tariffs on imports into and exportsfrom the U.S. In response,some foreign governments’have proposed or implemented their own tariffs on certain products, increasing our costs of doing business. If we are unable to recover these costs, our profit margins may be negatively impacted. Continued diminished trade relations between the U.S. and other countries, including as a result of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the continued escalation of tariffs, could have a material adverse effect on our financial performance and results of operations.

Our future success may be affected by our current and future indebtedness.Under our credit agreement, as of March 28, 2020, we owed $30.3 million to our secured creditor, a commercial bank, including $12.6 million borrowed under a $15.0 million term loan to fund acquisitions and provide additional working capital. We amended our credit agreement after the end of fiscal year 2020 to provide us an additional $10.0 million of borrowing capacity. We may borrow additional funds in the future to support our growth and working capital needs. We are required to meet financial tests on a quarterly basis and comply with other covenants customary in secured financings. Although we believe that we will continue to comply with such covenants, if we do not remain in compliance with such covenants, our lender may demand immediate repayment of amounts outstanding. Furthermore, we are dependent on credit from manufacturers of our products to fund our inventory purchases. If our debt burden increases to high levels, such manufacturers may restrict our credit. Our cash requirements will depend on numerous factors, including the rate of growth of our revenues, the timing and levels of products purchased, payment terms, and credit limits from manufacturers, the timing and level of our accounts receivable collections and our ability to manage our business profitably. Our ability to satisfy our existing obligations, whether or not under our secured credit facility, will depend upon our future operating performance, which may be impacted by prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, and other factors described in this report, many of which are beyond our control.

The relatively low trading volume of our common stock may limit your ability to sell your shares.Although our shares of common stock are listed on the Nasdaq Global Market, we have historically experienced a relatively low trading volume of approximately 30,000 shares a day. If our low trading volume continues in the future, holders of our shares may have difficulty selling shares of our common stock in the manner or at a price that they desire.

If significant existing shareholders sell large numbers of shares of our common stock, our stock price could decline.The market price of our common stock could decline if a large number of our shares are sold in the public market by our existing shareholders or as a result of the perception that such sales could occur. Due to the relatively low trading volume of our common stock, the sale of a large number of shares of our common stock may significantly depress the price of our common stock.

Tax rates applicable to us may change.Tax legislation initiatives could adversely affect our net earnings and tax liabilities. We are subject to the tax laws and regulations of the United States federal, state and local governments, as well as foreign jurisdictions. From time to time, various legislative initiatives may be enacted that could adversely affect our tax positions. Tax laws and regulations are extremely complex and subject to varying interpretations. TheTax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) made broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including, butnot limited to reducing the Federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. Although we believe that our tax positions are sound and consistent with applicable laws, regulations and existing precedent, there can be no assurance that our tax positions will not be challenged by relevant tax authorities or that we would be successful in any such challenge.

Any impairment of goodwill or intangible assets could negatively impact our results of operations.Our goodwill and intangible assets are subject to an impairment test on an annual basis and are also tested whenever events and circumstances indicate that goodwill and/or intangible assets may be impaired. Any excess goodwill and/or indefinite-lived intangible assets value resulting from the impairment test must be written-off in the period of determination. Intangible assets (other than goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets) are generally amortized over the useful life of such assets. In addition, from time to time, we may acquire or make an investment in a business that will require us to record goodwill based on the purchase price and the value of the acquired tangible and intangible assets. We may subsequently experience unforeseen issues with the businesses we acquire, which may adversely affect the anticipated returns of the business or value of the intangible assets and trigger an evaluation of the recoverability of the recorded goodwill and intangible assets for such business. Future determinations of significant write-offs of goodwill or intangible assets because of an impairment test or any accelerated amortization of other intangible assets could have a material negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

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We face risks associated with foreign currency rate fluctuations.We currently transact a portion of our business in foreign currencies, namely the Canadian dollar. During fiscal years 2020 and 2019, less than 10% of our total revenues were denominated in Canadian dollars. Conducting business in currencies other than U.S. dollars subjects us to fluctuations in currency exchange rates that could have a negative impact on our reported operating results. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in North America, the Canadian dollar has weakened compared to the U.S. dollar. Fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar impact our revenues, cost of revenues and operating margins and result in foreign currency transaction gains and losses. During fiscal years 2020 and 2019, the value of the U.S. dollar relative to one Canadian dollar ranged from 1.30 to 1.45 and from 1.27 to 1.36, respectively.

We continually utilize short-term foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the risk that our earnings would be adversely affected by changes in currency exchange rates. However, this strategy does not eliminate our exposure. If there is a significant or prolonged downturn in the Canadian dollar, it could have an adverse impact on our business and financial condition.

Changes in accounting standards, legal requirements and the Nasdaq Global Market listing standards, or our ability to comply with any existing requirements or standards, could adversely affect our operating results.Extensive reforms relating to public company financial reporting, corporate governance and ethics, the Nasdaq Global Market listing standards and oversight of the accounting profession have been implemented over the past several years and continue to evolve. Compliance with these rules, regulations and standards that have resulted from such reforms has increased our accounting and legal costs and has required significant management time and attention. In the event that additional rules, regulations or standards are implemented or any of the existing rules, regulations or standards to which we are subject undergoes additional material modification, we could be forced to spend significant financial and management resources to ensure our continued compliance, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, although we believe we are in full compliance with all such existing rules, regulations and standards, should we be or become unable to comply with any of such rules, regulations and standards, as they presently exist or as they may exist in the future, our results of operations could be adversely affected and the market price of our common stock could decline.

Our inability to adequately enforce and protect our intellectual property or defend against assertions of infringement could prevent or restrict our ability to compete.

We rely on intellectual property in order to maintain a competitive advantage. Our inability to defend against the unauthorized use of these assets could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Litigation may be necessary to protect our intellectual property rights or defend against claims of infringement. This litigation could result in significant costs and divert our management’s focus away from operations.

Hurricanes, other adverse weather events, national or regional catastrophes or natural disasters could negatively affect the local economies we serve or disrupt our operations, which could have an adverse effect on our business or results of operations. Our market areas include the Gulf Coast and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, and Puerto Rico, which are susceptible to hurricanes. Such weather events can disrupt our operations, result in damage to our properties and negatively affect the local economies in which we operate. Future hurricanes could result in damage to certain of our facilities and the equipment located at such facilities, or equipment on rent with customers in those areas. Even if our properties suffer no direct damage from such events, the operations of our customers could be disrupted, and our supply chain impacted. In addition, climate change could lead to an increase in intensity or occurrence of hurricanes or other adverse weather events, including severe winter storms. Future occurrences of these events, as well as regional or national catastrophes or natural disasters, and their effects may adversely impact our business or results of operations.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

The following table presents our leased and owned properties as of March 28, 2020:

We believe that our properties are in good condition, are well maintained and are generally suitable and adequate to carry on our business in its current form.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market underthe symbol “TRNS”. As of June 3, 2020, we had approximately 453 shareholders of record.

DIVIDENDS

Our credit agreement, as amended, limits our ability to pay cash dividends to $3.0 million in any fiscal year. We have not declared any cash dividends since our inception and have no current plans to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table provides selected financial data for fiscal year 2020 and the previous four fiscal years (in thousands, except per share data). We operate on a 52/53 week fiscal year, ending on the last Saturday in March. Our fiscal year 2018 consisted of 53 weeks, while our fiscal years 2020, 2019, 2017 and 2016 each consisted of 52 weeks. Certain reclassifications of financial information for prior fiscal years have been made to conform to the presentation for the current fiscal year.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

OVERVIEW

Operational Overview.We are a leading provider of accredited calibration, repair, inspection and laboratory instrument services and a value-added distributor of professional grade handheld test, measurement and control instrumentation.

We operate our business through two reportable business segments, Service and Distribution, which offer a comprehensive range of services and products to the same customer base.

Our strength in our Service segment is based upon our wide range of disciplines, our investment in quality systems and our ability to provide accredited calibrations to customers in highly-regulated targeted market segments. Ourservices range from the calibration and repair of a single unit to managing a customer’s entire calibration program. We believe our Service segment offers an opportunity for long-term growth and the potential for continuing revenue from established customers with regular calibration cycles and recurring laboratory instrument service requirements.

Our Service segment has shown consistent revenue growth over the past several years, ending fiscal year 2020 with its 44th consecutive quarter of year-over-year growth. This segment has benefited from both organic growth as well as acquisitions over those 44 quarters. The business acquisitions that we made have been heavily focused on expanding our service capabilities, increasing our geographic reach and leveraging our Calibration Service Centers and other infrastructure to create operational synergies. Our total Service revenue growth was 10.7% for fiscal year 2020 compared to fiscal year 2019. The Service segment gross margin increased by 40 basis points. Service gross profit and gross margin were positively impacted by productivity improvements from various initiatives including more robust data analytics and improved onboarding, training and retention of our service technicians. In fiscal year 2020, we invested in a software solution for the automation of calibration procedures and datasheet generation. This investment is expected to further enhance our operational efficiency efforts and allow us to build out a commercialized platform capable of facilitating calibration automation for various disciplines. We are in the early testing phases with the rollout for the first limited set of calibration disciplines. Following that, we plan to develop automation opportunities for additional disciplines.

In our Distribution segment, we sell and offer for rent, professional grade handheld test and measurement instruments. Because we specialize in professional grade handheld test and measurement instruments, as opposed to a wide array of industrial products, our sales and customer service personnel can provide value-added technical assistance to our customers to aid them in determining what product best meets their particular application requirements. We have expertise in the procurement and sale of used equipment, furthering our ability to add value for our customers. We also have a higher-end electronic test and measurement equipment rental business that augments our organically grown test and measurement equipment rental business. Through our website and sales teams, customers can place orders for test and measurement instruments and can elect to have their purchased instruments calibrated and certified by our Calibration Service Centers before shipment as well as on regular post-purchase intervals. Pre-shipment calibration and certification allows our customers to place newly purchased instruments into service immediately upon receipt.

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Sales in our Distribution segment are generally not consumable items but are instruments purchased as replacements, upgrades or for expansion of manufacturing or research and development facilities. As such, this segment can be heavily impacted by changes in the economic environment. As customers increase or decrease capital and discretionary spending, our Distribution sales will typically be directly impacted. In fiscal year 2020, Distribution sales increased by 4.2%. These results were driven by increased demand and revenue in all channels, especially in the alternative energy sector, used equipment and rental revenue. In fiscal year 2019, the Distribution sales decrease reflected lower sales to non-core, lower-margin resellers and sales to Canada. This was offset by increased higher-margin rental revenue. Overall, the Distribution segment gross margin in fiscal year 2020 decreased by 20 basis points. The decrease in gross margin was driven by the pricing and mix of products sold. Initiatives implemented within this segment include adding new in-demand vendors and product lines, expanding the number of SKUs that we offer with and without pre-shipment calibration and offering equipment rental and used equipment options. Management believes this diversification strategy will mitigate the impact that any particular industry or sector will have on the overall performance of this segment as well as help to further differentiate us from our competitors going forward.

Financial Overview.In evaluating our results for fiscal year 2020, investors should consider that we operate on a 52/53 week fiscal year, ending the last Saturday in March. In a 52-week fiscal year, each of the four quarters is a 13-week period. In a 53-week fiscal year, the last quarter is a 14-week period. Fiscal years 2020 and 2019 both consisted of 52 weeks.

Total revenue for fiscal year 2020 was $173.1 million. This represented an increase of $12.2 million or 7.6% versus total revenue of $160.9 million for fiscal year 2019. This year-over-year growth includes a combination of organic and acquisition-related revenue growth.

Service revenue was $93.0 million in fiscal year 2020, an increase of 10.7%. Service revenue now accounts for 53.7% of our total revenue. Of our Service revenue in fiscal year 2020, 83.5% was generated by our Calibration Service Centers while 14.9% was generated through subcontracted third-party vendors, compared with 83.6% and 14.9%, respectively, in fiscal year 2019. The remainder of our Service revenue in each period was derived from freight charges.

Distribution sales increased 4.2% to $80.1 million in fiscal year 2020. Distribution sales account for 46.3% of our total revenue. Sales to domestic customers comprised 92.1% of total Distribution sales in fiscal year 2020, while 6.3% were to Canadian customers and 1.6% were to customers in other international markets.

Total gross profit was $42.5 million in fiscal year 2020 compared to $39.3 million in fiscal year 2019, an increase of $3.1 million or 8.0%. Total gross margin was 24.5%, consistent with gross margin in fiscal year 2019. Service gross margin was 25.3% in fiscal year 2020 compared with 24.9% in fiscal year 2019. Distribution gross margin was 23.7% in fiscal year 2020 compared with 23.9% in fiscal year 2019.

Operating expenses were $31.6 million, or 18.3% of total revenue, in fiscal year 2020 compared with $29.1 million, or 18.1% of total revenue, in fiscal year 2019. Operating income was $10.9 million, or 6.3% of total revenue, in fiscal year 2020 compared with $10.2 million, or 6.4% of total revenue, in fiscal year 2019.

Net income for fiscal year 2020 was $8.1 million compared with $7.1 million in fiscal year 2019, a $1.0 million improvement. Diluted earnings per share for fiscal year 2020 was $1.08 compared with $0.95 for fiscal year 2019, a $0.13 per diluted share improvement.

COVID-19 Impact.In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a global pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on our fiscal year 2020 operations and financial results to date, and the full financial impact of the pandemic cannot be reasonably estimated at this time due to uncertainty as to its severity and duration. We have taken steps to help mitigate the current impact, as well as the continued uncertainty regarding the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Use of Estimates.The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with accountingprinciples generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires that we make estimates and assumptions thataffect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions are used for, but not limited to, allowance for doubtful accounts and returns, inventory reserves, estimated levels of achievement for performance-based restricted stock units, fair value of stock options, depreciable lives of fixed assets, estimated lives of major catalogs and intangible assets, and the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business acquisitions. Future events and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty; accordingly, our accounting estimates require the exercise of judgment. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements will change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained, and as our operating environment changes. Our estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis and are drawn from historical experience and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Such changes and refinements in estimation methodologies are reflected in reported results of operations in the period in which the changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following items in our Consolidated Financial Statements require significant estimation or judgment:

Accounts Receivable.Accounts receivable represent amounts due from customers in the ordinary course of business. These amounts are recorded net of the allowance for doubtful accounts and returns in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon the expected collectability of accounts receivable. We apply a specific formula to our accounts receivable aging, which may be adjusted on a specific account basis where the formula may not appropriately reserve for loss exposure. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The returns reserve is calculated based upon the historical rate of returns applied to revenues over a specific timeframe. The returns reserve will increase or decrease as a result of changes in the level of revenues and/or the historical rate of returns. Management believes that the allowances are appropriate to cover anticipated losses under current conditions. However, unexpected changes or deterioration in economic conditions could materially change these expectations.

Inventory.Inventory consists of products purchased for resale and is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs are determined using the average cost method of inventory valuation. Inventory is reduced by a reserve for items not saleable at or above cost by applying a specific loss factor, based on historical experience and current demand, to specific categories of our inventory. Inventory is at risk of obsolescence if economic conditions change. Relevant economic conditions include changing consumer demand, customer preferences or increasing competition. We believe these risks are largely mitigated because our inventory typically turns several times per year. We evaluate the adequacy of the reserve on a quarterly basis.

Business Acquisitions.We apply the acquisition method of accounting for business acquisitions. Under the acquisition method, the underlying tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded based on their respective assigned fair values at the date of acquisition. We use a valuation hierarchy to determine the fair values used. Historically, we have relied, in part, upon the use of reports from third-party valuation specialists to assist in the estimation of fair values. Purchase price allocations are subject to revision within the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition. Administration costs to acquire a business may include, but are not limited to, fees for accounting, legal and valuation services and are recorded as incurred in our Consolidated Statement of Income.

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets.Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the values assigned to the underlying net assets of an acquired business and is not amortized. As of March 28, 2020, we had $41.5 million of recorded goodwill.

Intangible assets, namely customer base and covenants not to compete, represent an allocation of purchase price to identifiable intangible assets of an acquired business. These intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are reviewed for impairment if and when indicators are present. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units using the fair market value measurement requirement.

We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or immediately if conditions indicate that such impairment could exist. We have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a segment has declined below its carrying value. This assessment considers various financial, macroeconomic, industry and segment specific qualitative factors.

Intangible assets are evaluated for impairment when events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Based on the results of our reviews, we have determined that no impairment was indicated as of each of the fiscal years ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019.

Income Taxes.We record deferred income taxes for the effects of timing differences between financial and tax reporting. These differences relate primarily to accrued expenses, bad debt reserves, inventory reserves, operating leases, goodwill and intangible assets, depreciation and amortization and stock based compensation. We base our deferred income taxes, accrued income taxes and provision for income taxes upon income, statutory tax rates, the legal structure of our Company, interpretation of tax laws and tax planning opportunities available to us in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various states and Canada. We are regularly audited by federal, state and foreign tax authorities, but a number of years may elapse before an uncertain tax position, for which we have unrecognized tax benefits, is audited and finally resolved. From time to time, these audits result in assessments of additional tax. We maintain reserves for such assessments.

We apply a more-likely-than-not threshold to the recognition and derecognition of uncertain tax positions. Accordingly, we recognize the amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being ultimately realized upon settlement. Future changes in judgments and estimates related to the expected ultimate resolution of uncertain tax positions will affect income in the quarter of such change. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of resolution of any particular uncertain tax position, we believe that our unrecognized tax benefits reflect the most likely outcome.

Stock-Based Compensation.We measure the cost of services received in exchange for all equity awards granted, including stock options and restricted stock units, based on the fair market value of the award as of the grant date. We record compensation cost related to unvested equity awards by recognizing, on a straight-line basis, the unamortized grant date fair value over the remaining service period of each award. In accordance with AccountingStandards Updates (“ASU”)2016-09, excess tax benefits for share-based award activity are reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Income as a component of the provision for income taxes. Excess tax benefits are realized benefits from tax deductions for exercised awards in excess of the deferred tax asset attributable to stock-based compensation costs for such awards. We did not capitalize any stock-based compensation costs as part of an asset. We estimate forfeiture rates based on our historical experience.

We grant timed-based and performance-based restricted stock units as a component of executive and key employee compensation. These restricted stock units are either time vested or vest following the third fiscal year from the date of grant and some of these grants are subject to cumulative diluted earnings per share growth targets over the eligible period. Compensation cost ultimately recognized for these restricted stock units will equal the grant-date fair market value of the unit that coincides with the actual outcome of the performance conditions. On an interim basis, we record compensation cost based on the expected level of achievement of the performance conditions.

Stock options vest either immediately or over a period of up to five years using a straight-line basis, and expire either five years or ten years from the date of grant. The expense relating to options is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.

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See Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further disclosure regarding our stock-based compensation.

Post-retirement Health Care Plans.The Company has a defined benefit post-retirement health care plan which provides long-term care insurance benefits, medical and dental insurance benefits and medical premium reimbursement benefits to eligible retired corporate officers and their eligible spouses.

For accounting purposes, the defined benefit post-retirement health care plan requires assumptions to estimate the projected and accumulated benefit obligations, including the following variables: discount rate; certain employee-related factors, such as retirement age and mortality; and health care cost trend rates. These and other assumptions affect the annual expense and obligations recognized for the underlying plans. Our assumptions reflect our historical experiences and management's best judgment regarding future expectations.

Increasing the assumed health care cost trend rate by one percentage point would increase the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation and the annual net periodic post-retirement benefit cost by $0.1 million. A one percentage point decrease in the healthcare cost trend would decrease the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation and the annual net periodic post-retirement benefit cost by $0.1 million.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements. In the normal course of business, management evaluates all new accounting pronouncements issued by theFinancial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”)to determine the potential impact they may have on our consolidated financial statements. For a discussion of the newly issued accounting pronouncements see“Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements” under Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this report.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth, for fiscal years 2020 and 2019, the components of our Consolidated Statements of Income.

FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 28, 2020 COMPARED TO FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Revenue:

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Total revenue was $173.1 million in fiscal year 2020 compared to $160.9 million in fiscal year 2019, an increase of $12.2 million or 7.6%.

Service revenue, which accounted for 53.7% and 52.2% of our total revenue in fiscal years 2020 and 2019, respectively, increased $9.0 million, or 10.7% from fiscal year 2019 to fiscal year 2020. This year-over-year growth includes a combination of organic and acquisition-related revenue growth. The Service segment organic growth was 8.4% in fiscal year 2020. Higher revenue was the result of new business from the highly-regulated life sciences market, including higher revenue from client-based labs and growth in other regulated sectors such as aerospace and defense. Fiscal year 2020 revenue includes revenue from TTE acquired in late February 2020.

Our fiscal years 2020 and 2019 Service revenue growth in relation to prior fiscal year quarter comparisons, was as follows:

Within any year, while we add new customers, we also have customers from the prior year whose service orders may not repeat for any number of factors. Among those factors are variations in the timing of periodic calibrations and other services, customer capital expenditures and customer outsourcing decisions. Because the timing of Service segment orders can vary on a quarter-to-quarter basis, we believe a trailing twelve-month trend provides a better indication of the progress of this segment. The growth in fiscal year 2020 and fiscal year 2019 reflected both organic growth and acquisitions. The growth in Service segment revenue during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020 includes revenue from the TTE acquisition. The trailing twelve-month Service segment revenue growth forthe third quarter of fiscal year 2019 includes the Angel’sacquisition in fiscal year 2019.

The following table presents the trailing twelve-month Service segment revenue for each quarter in fiscal years 2020 and 2019 as well as the trailing twelve-month revenue growth as a comparison to that of the prior fiscal year period:

Our strategy has been to focus our investments in the core electrical, temperature, pressure, physical/dimensional and radio frequency/microwave calibration disciplines. We expect to subcontract approximately 13% to 15% of our Service revenue to third-party vendors for calibration beyond our chosen scope of capabilities. We continually evaluate our outsourcing needs and make capital investments, as deemed necessary, to add more in-house capabilities and reduce the need for third-party vendors. Capability expansion through business acquisitions is another way that we seek to reduce the need for outsourcing. The following table presents the source of our Service revenue and the percentage of Service revenue derived from each source for each quarter during fiscal years 2020 and 2019:

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Our Distribution sales accounted for 46.3% and 47.8% of our total revenue in fiscal years 2020 and 2019, respectively. Distribution sales increased $3.2 million, or 4.2% compared to fiscal year 2019. This increase in sales was driven by increased demand and revenue in all channels, especially in the alternative energy sector, used equipment and rental sales. The increase in fiscal year 2020 versus fiscal year 2019 and the change in fiscal year 2019 versus fiscal year 2018 reflected both organic and acquisition revenue. Our fiscal years 2020 and 2019 Distribution sales (decline) growth in relation to prior fiscal year quarter comparisons were as follows:

Distribution sales orders include orders for instruments that we routinely stock in our inventory, customized products, and other products ordered less frequently, which we do not stock. Pending product shipments are primarily backorders, but also include products that are requested to be calibrated in our service centers prior to shipment, orders required by the customer to be shipped complete or at a future date, and other orders awaiting final credit or management review prior to shipment. Our total pending product shipments increased $0.5 million, or 12.5%, at the end of fiscal year 2020 compared to the end of fiscal year 2019. Backorders at the end of fiscal year 2020 were $2.9 million, consistent with the backorders at the end of fiscal year 2019. The year-over-year increases in pending product shipments and consistency with backorders can be attributed to the timing of sales activity during the respective quarter. The following table presents the percentage of total pending product shipments that were backorders at the end of each quarter in fiscal years 2020 and 2019 and our historical trend of total pending product shipments:

Gross Profit:

Total gross profit in fiscal year 2020 was $42.5 million compared to $39.3 million in fiscal year 2019, an increase of $3.1 million or 8.0%. As a percentage of total revenue, total gross margin was 24.5% in both fiscal years 2020 and 2019.

Service gross profit increased $2.5 million, or 12.1%, from fiscal year 2019 to fiscal year 2020. Our annual and quarterly Service segment gross margins are a function of several factors. Our organic Service revenue growth provides some incremental gross margin growth by leveraging certain fixed costs of this segment. The mix of services provided to customers may also affect gross margins in any given period. Annual Service gross margin increased by 40 basis points from fiscal year 2019 to fiscal year 2020. This gross margin in fiscal year 2020 was positively impacted by our various technology and productivity initiatives, and improved margins in client-based lab contracts initiated in prior years. The following table presents the quarterly historical trend of our Service gross margin as a percent of Service revenue:

Our Distribution gross margin includes net sales less the direct cost of inventory sold and the direct costs of equipment rental revenues, primarily depreciation expense for the fixed assets in our rental equipment pool, as well as the impact of rebates and cooperative advertising income we receive from vendors, freight billed to customers, freight expenses and direct shipping costs. In general, our Distribution gross margin can vary based upon the mix of products sold, price discounting, and the timing of periodic vendor rebates offered and cooperative advertising programs from suppliers.

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The following table reflects the quarterly historical trend of our Distribution gross margin as a percent of Distribution sales:

Annual Distribution segment gross margin decreased 20 basis points in fiscal year 2020 compared to fiscal year 2019. The decrease in gross margin was driven by the pricing and mix of products sold.

Operating Expenses:

Total operating expenses were $31.6 million in fiscal year 2020 compared to $29.1 million in fiscal year 2019. This represented an increase of $2.5 million, or 8.6%, from fiscal year 2019 to fiscal year 2020. As a percentage of total revenue, operating expenses increased 20 basis points from 18.1% in fiscal year 2019 to 18.3% in fiscal year 2020. Selling, marketing and warehouse expenses increases were due to commissions and incentives as a result of increased selling activities to support our revenue growth. The year-over-year increase in General and Administrative expenses was primarily due to our continued investment in technology and process infrastructure improvements and Operational Excellence initiatives.

Provision for Income Taxes:

Our effective tax rates for fiscal years 2020 and 2019 were 17.1% and 22.6%, respectively. The reduction in tax rate is due to the increased discrete tax benefits from share-based compensation activity. Our provision for income taxes is affected by discrete items that may occur in any given period but are not consistent from year to year. The discrete benefits related to share-based compensation activity in fiscal years 2020 and 2019 were $0.9 million and $0.1 million, respectively. We continue to evaluate our tax provision on a quarterly basis and adjust, as deemed necessary, our effective tax rate given changes in facts and circumstances expected in the future.

Net Income:

Net income for fiscal year 2020 showed a $0.9 million or 12.9% improvement when compared to fiscal year 2019. As a percentage of revenue, net income was 4.7% in fiscal year 2020, up from 4.4% in fiscal year 2019. This year-over-year change reflects higher operating income and a lower effective tax rate.

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Adjusted EBITDA:

In addition to reporting net income, a GAAP measure, we present Adjusted EBITDA (earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, non-cash stock compensation expense and non-cash loss on sale of building), which is a non-GAAP measure. Our management believes Adjusted EBITDA is an important measure of our operating performance because it allows management, investors and others to evaluate and compare the performance of our core operations from period to period by removing the impact of the capital structure (interest), tangible and intangible asset base (depreciation and amortization), taxes, and stock-based compensation expense, which is not always commensurate with the reporting period in which it is included. As such, our management uses Adjusted EBITDA as a measure of performance when evaluating our business segments and as a basis for planning and forecasting. Adjusted EBITDA is also commonly used by rating agencies, lenders and other parties to evaluate our credit worthiness.

Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of financial performance under GAAP and is not calculated through the application of GAAP. As such, it should not be considered as a substitute or alternative for the GAAP measure of net income and, therefore, should not be used in isolation of, but in conjunction with, the GAAP measure. Adjusted EBITDA, as presented, may produce results that vary from the GAAP measure and may not be comparable to a similarly defined non-GAAP measure used by other companies.

During fiscal year 2020, Adjusted EBITDA was $18.4 million, an increase of $0.6 million or 3.3% compared to fiscal year 2019. As a percentage of revenue, Adjusted EBITDA was 10.6% during fiscal year 2020 versus 11.1% during fiscal year 2019, a 50 basis point decrease. The increase in Adjusted EBITDA during fiscal year 2020 is primarily driven by the increase in net income, offset by a decrease in provision for income taxes and noncash stock compensation expense.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We expect that foreseeable liquidity and capital resource requirements will be met through anticipated cash flows from operations and borrowings from our Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below).

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is significant uncertainty surrounding the potential impact on our results of operations and cash flows. We are proactively taking steps to increase available cash on hand including, but not limited to, targeted reductions in discretionary operating expenses and capital expenditures, and utilizing funds available under our Revolving Credit Facility. We may pursue additional sources of financing to improve liquidity. However, the disruption of the capital markets caused by the COVID-19 outbreak could make any financing more challenging and there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain such additional financing on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

On October 30, 2017, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), whichamended and restated our prior credit facility agreement. The Credit Agreement extended the term of our $30.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) to October 29, 2021. As ofMarch 28, 2020, $30.0 million was available under the Revolving Credit Facility, of which $17.7 million was outstanding and included in long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Subsequent to fiscal year 2020, we amended our Revolving Credit Facility to provide for, among other things, $10.0 million in additional borrowing capacity and financial covenant modifications.See “Note 11 -Subsequent Event” in the financial notes to this report for additional information.

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On December 10, 2018, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement Amendment 1 (the “2018 Agreement”). The 2018 Agreement has a term loan (the “2018 Term Loan”) in the amount of $15.0 million, whichreplaced the previous term loan. As of March 28, 2020, $12.6 million was outstanding on the 2018 Term Loan, of which $2.0 million was included in current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets with the remainder included in long-term debt. The 2018 Term Loan requires total repayments (principal plus interest) of $0.2 million per month through December 2025.

Under the Credit Agreement, borrowings that may be used for business acquisitions are limited to $20.0 million per fiscal year. During fiscal year 2020, $13.8 million was used for business acquisitions, including holdback payments. During fiscal year 2019, $3.9 million was used for business acquisitions, including holdback payments.

The allowable leverage ratio under the Credit Agreement is a maximum multiple of 3.0 of total debt outstanding compared to earnings before income taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, and non-cash stock-based compensation expense for the preceding four consecutive fiscal quarters. The Credit Agreement provides that the trailing twelve-month pro forma EBITDA of an acquired business be included in the allowable leverage calculation.

The Credit Agreement has certain covenants with which we must comply, including a fixed charge ratio covenant and a leverage ratio covenant. We were in compliance with all loan covenants and requirements during fiscal years 2020 and 2019. Our leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, was 1.53 at March 28, 2020, compared with 1.12 at March 30, 2019.

Interest on the Revolving Credit Facility continues to accrue, at our election, at either the variable one-monthLondon Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or a fixed rate for a designated period at the LIBOR corresponding tosuch period, in each case, plus a margin. Interest on outstanding borrowings of the 2018 Term Loan accrues at a fixed rate of 4.15% over the term of the loan with principal and interest payments made monthly. Commitment fees accrue based on the average daily amount of unused credit available under the Credit Agreement. Interest rate margins and commitment fees are determined on a quarterly basis based upon our calculated leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement.

Cash Flows:The following table is a summary of our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (dollars in thousands):

Operating Activities:Net cash provided by operating activities was $11.6 million during fiscal year 2020 compared to $12.6 million during fiscal year 2019 primarily due to changes in net working capital (defined as current assets less current liabilities). The significant changes in net working capital were:

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Investing Activities:During fiscal year 2020, we invested $6.6 million in capital expenditures that was used primarily for technology infrastructure to drive operational excellence, fund organic growth opportunities within both operating segments and to purchase new equipment to expand the number and type of assets available to rent. During fiscal year 2019, we invested $7.0 million in capital expenditures, that was also largely used primarily for assets for our rental business and customer-driven expansion of Service segment capabilities. The purchase of assets from GRS during fiscal year 2020 and NBS during fiscal year 2019 are included in our capital expenditures above.

During fiscal year 2020, we used $13.0 million for business acquisitions. During fiscal year 2019, we used $3.6 million for a business acquisition. During fiscal year 2020, we used $0.9 million for holdback payments related to a business acquisition. During fiscal year 2019, we used $0.3 million for holdback payments related to a business acquisition.

Financing Activities:During fiscal year 2020, we received $11.2 million from our Revolving Credit Facility and $1.7 million in cash was generated from the issuance of our common stock. We used $1.9 million for scheduledrepayments of our term loan and used $2.8 million for the “net” award of certainshare awards to cover tax-withholding obligations for share award activity in the period which are shown as a repurchase of shares of our common stock.

During fiscal year 2019, we received $2.5 million from the issuance of our term loan and $0.3 million in cash was generated from the issuance of common stock. We used $2.3 million to repay our Revolving Credit Facility, $2.1 million for scheduled repayments of our term loan and $0.1 million for the“net” award of certain share awards to cover tax-withholding obligations for share award activity in the period which are shown as a repurchase of shares of our common stock.

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Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments:The table below contains aggregated information about future payments related to contractual obligations and commercial commitments such as debt and lease agreements as of March 28, 2020 (in millions):

OUTLOOK

We believe our focus on highly-regulated and critical industries, especially within life sciences, will continue to provide a degree of resilience as we navigate this unprecedented environment. We are proud to service ventilator and test kit manufacturers as well as pharmaceutical companies conducting research and development on a COVID-19 vaccine. We have seen certain Service customers delaying some project decisions, but Service pipelines are robust and general discussions seem to be productive and which we believe indicates forward-moving momentum. However, the Distribution segment sales will reflect economic conditions, despite the upside we expect to be provided by rentals and used equipment sales.

While the duration and ultimate severity of this pandemic is unknown, we have run various scenarios and at this date believe our first quarter ending June 27, 2020 of the fiscalyear ending March 27, 2021 (“fiscal year 2021”)will be the low point of fiscal year 2021 based on the evolving COVID-19 containment and economic recovery programs being implemented by federal and state authorities. We expect to be in range of breaking even on a consolidated operating income basis for the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, which would result in positive Adjusted EBITDA results. Under our analyses, we expect to generate cash even as we continue to invest in our long-term growth initiatives. If the environment were to worsen, we are prepared to take additional actions. In fact, as things improve, we believe our scale will work in our favor to capitalize on growth opportunities, both organic and acquisitions.

We expect to receive certain federal, state and Canadian tax credits in future years. We also expect to receive discrete tax benefits related to share-based compensation awards in fiscal year 2021. As such, we expect our effective tax rate in fiscal year 2021 to be between 24.0% and 25.0%.

The Company anticipates total capital expenditures to be approximately $5.0 million to $5.5 million in fiscal year 2021, with the majority of the capital expenditures planned for technology infrastructure to drive operational excellence and organic growth opportunities within both operating segments, and for rental pool assets. Maintenance and existing asset replacements in fiscal year 2021 are expected to be consistent with fiscal year 2020 at approximately $1.0 million to $1.5 million.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK INTEREST RATES

Our exposure to changes in interest rates results from our borrowing activities. In the event interest rates were to move by 1%, our yearly interest expense would increase or decrease by approximately $0.1 million assuming our average borrowing levels remained constant on our variable rate Revolving Credit Facility. As of March 28, 2020, $30.0 million was available under our Revolving Credit Facility, of which $17.7 million was outstanding and included in long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.As described above under “Liquidity and CapitalResources,” we also have a $15.0 million (original principal) term loan. As of March 28, 2020, $12.6 million was outstanding on the term loan and was included in long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The term loan requires total principal and interest repayments of $0.2 million per month through December 2025. Subsequent to fiscal year 2020, we amended our Revolving Credit Facility to provide for, among other things, $10.0 million in additional borrowing capacity and certain financial covenant modifications. See “Note 11-Subsequent Event” in the financial notes to this report for additional information.

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At our option, we borrow from our Revolving Credit Facility at the variable one-month LIBOR or at a fixed rate for a designated period at the LIBOR corresponding to such period, in each case, plus a margin. Our interest rate margin is determined on a quarterly basis based upon our calculated leverage ratio. As of March 28, 2020, the one-month LIBOR was 1.0%. Our interest rate during fiscal year 2020 for our Revolving Credit Facility ranged from 1.8% to 3.7%. Interest on outstanding borrowings of the 2018 Term Loan accrues at a fixed rate of 4.15% over the term of the loan. On March 28, 2020, we had no hedging arrangements in place to limit our exposure to upward movements in interest rates.

FOREIGN CURRENCY

Approximately 92% of our total revenues for fiscal years 2020 and 2019 were denominated in U.S. dollars, with the remainder denominated in Canadian dollars. A 10% change in the value of the Canadian dollar to the U.S. dollar would impact our revenue by less than 1%. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in North America, the Canadian dollar has weakened compared to the U.S. dollar. We monitor the relationship between the U.S. and Canadian currencies on a monthly basis and adjust sales prices for products and services sold in Canadian dollars as we believe to be appropriate, including in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

We continually utilize short-term foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the risk that future earnings would be adversely affected by changes in currency exchange rates. We do not apply hedge accounting and therefore the net change in the fair value of the contracts, which totaled a net loss of loss of less than $0.1 million in fiscal year 2020 and a net gain of less than $0.2 million in fiscal year 2019, respectively, was recognized as a component of other expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The change in the fair value of the contracts is offset by the change in fair value on the underlying receivables denominated in Canadian dollars being hedged. On March 28, 2020, we had a foreign exchange contract, which matured in April 2020, outstanding in the notional amount of $4.0 million. The foreign exchange contract was renewed in April 2020 and continues to be in place. We do not use hedging arrangements for speculative purposes.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Management’s AnnualReport on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management of Transcat, Inc.(the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate systemof internal control over financial reporting. This system is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection ofunauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on thefinancial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Further, because of changes in conditions, effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting may vary over time.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the system of internal control over financial reporting based on the framework inInternal Control–Integrated Framework (2013)issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway Commission. Based on that evaluation, management concluded that theCompany’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as ofMarch 28, 2020.

The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting has been audited by Freed Maxick CPAs, P.C. an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Shareholders
Transcat, Inc.
Rochester, New York

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Transcat, Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Transcat, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the years ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of March 28, 2020, based on criteria established inInternal Control—Integrated Frameworkissued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 28, 2020, based on criteria established inInternal Control— Integrated Frameworkissued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.

Basis for Opinion
The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements and an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/Freed Maxick CPAs, P.C.

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2012.

Rochester, New York
June 8, 2020

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TRANSCAT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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TRANSCAT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In Thousands)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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TRANSCAT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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TRANSCAT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In Thousands)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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TRANSCAT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES INSHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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TRANSCAT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In Thousands, Except Per Share and Per Unit Amounts)

NOTE 1–GENERAL

Description of Business:Transcat, Inc. (“Transcat” or the “Company”) is a leading provider of accreditedcalibration and laboratory instrument services and a value-added distributor of professional grade handheld test, measurement and control instrumentation. The Company is focused on providing services and products to highly regulated industries, particularly the life science industry, which includes pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device and other FDA-regulated businesses. Additional industries served include industrial manufacturing; energy and utilities, including oil and gas and alternative energy; FAA-regulated businesses, including aerospace and defense; and other industries that require accuracy in their processes, confirmation of the capabilities of their equipment, and for which the risk of failure is very costly.

Principles of Consolidation:The consolidated financial statements of Transcat include the accounts of Transcatand the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Transcat Canada Inc., United Scale & Engineering Corporation, WTT Real Estate Acquisition, LLC and Anmar Metrology, Inc. (which merged with and into the Company on March 28, 2020). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates:The preparation of Transcat’s Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with accountingprinciples generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires that the Company make estimates andassumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions are used for, but not limited to, allowance for doubtful accounts and returns, inventory reserves, estimated levels of achievement for performance-based restricted stock units, fair value of stock options, depreciable lives of fixed assets, estimated lives of major catalogs and intangible assets, and the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business acquisitions. Future events and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty; accordingly, accounting estimates require the exercise of judgment. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements will change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the operating environment changes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Such changes and refinements in estimation methodologies are reflected in reported results of operations in the period in which the changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Fiscal Year:Transcat operates on a 52/53 week fiscal year, ending the last Saturday in March. In a 52-week fiscal year, each of the four quarters is a 13-week period. In a 53-week fiscal year, the last quarter is a 14-week period. The fiscal years ended March 28, 2020(“fiscal year 2020”) and March 30, 2019 (“fiscal year 2019”) bothconsisted of 52 weeks.

Accounts Receivable:Accounts receivable represent amounts due from customers in the ordinary course of business. These amounts are recorded net of the allowance for doubtful accounts and returns in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon the expected collectability of accounts receivable. The Company applies a specific formula to its accounts receivable aging, which may be adjusted on a specific account basis where the formula may not appropriately reserve for loss exposure. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The returns reserve is calculated based upon the historical rate of returns applied to revenues over a specific timeframe. The returns reserve will increase or decrease as a result of changes in the level of revenue and/or the historical rate of returns.

Inventory:Inventory consists of products purchased for resale and is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs are determined using the average cost method of inventory valuation. The Company performs physical inventory counts and cycle counts on inventory throughout the year and adjusts the recorded balance to reflect the results. Inventory is reduced by a reserve for items not saleable at or above cost by applying a specific loss factor, based on historical experience, to specific categories of inventory. The Company evaluates the adequacy of the reserve on a quarterly basis. The Company had reserves for inventory losses totaling $0.5 million at March 28, 2020 and $0.4 million at March 30, 2019.

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Property and Equipment, Depreciation and Amortization:Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed primarily under the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

The Company tests property and equipment for impairment on an annual basis during the fourth quarter of its fiscal year, or immediately if conditions indicate that such impairment could exist. Property and equipment determined to have no value are written off at their then remaining net book value. The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred in the procurement and development of computer software used for internal purposes. Leasehold improvements are amortized under the straight-line method over the estimated useful life or the lease term, whichever is shorter. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. See Note 2 for further information on property and equipment.

Business Acquisitions:The Company applies the acquisition method of accounting for business acquisitions. Under the acquisition method, the purchase price of an acquisition is assigned to the underlying tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company uses a valuation hierarchy, as further described under Fair Value of Financial Instruments below, to determine the fair values used in this allocation. Historically, we have relied, in part, upon the use of reports from third-party valuation specialists to assist in the estimation of fair values. Purchase price allocations are subject to revision within the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition. Costs to acquire a business may include, but are not limited to, fees for accounting, legal and valuation services, and are expensed as incurred in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets:Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the underlying net assets of an acquired business. The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis during the fourth quarter of its fiscal year, or immediately if conditions indicate that such impairment could exist. The Company evaluates qualitative factors to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value and whether it is necessary to perform the goodwill impairment process. The Company determined that no impairment was indicated as of March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019.

Intangible assets, namely customer base and covenants not to compete, represent an allocation of purchase price to identifiable intangible assets of an acquired business. The Company estimates the fair value of its reporting units using the fair market value measurement requirement. Intangible assets are evaluated for impairment when events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Asummary of changes in the Company’s goodwill and intangible assets is as follows:

The intangible assets are being amortized on an accelerated basis over their estimated useful lives of up to 10 years. Amortization expense relating to intangible assets is expected to be $2.4 million in fiscal year 2021, $1.7 million in fiscal year 2022, $1.3 million in fiscal year 2023, $0.9 million in fiscal year 2024 and $0.7 million in fiscal year 2025.

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Catalog Costs:Transcat capitalizes the cost of each Master Catalog mailed and amortizes the cost over therespective catalog’s estimated productive life. The Company reviews response resultsfrom catalog mailings on a continuous basis, and if warranted, modifies the period over which costs are recognized. The Company amortizes the cost of each Master Catalog over an eighteen-month period and amortizes the cost of each catalog supplement over a three-month period. Total unamortized catalog costs, included as a component of prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were $0.1 million as of March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019.

Deferred Taxes:
The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of its assets and liabilities. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in income tax rates is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company establishes valuation allowances if it believes that it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. See Note 4 for further discussion on income taxes.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments:Transcat has determined the fair value of debt and other financial instruments using a valuation hierarchy. The hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value, consists of three levels. Level 1 uses observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2 uses inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, which is defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, requires the Company to develop its own assumptions. The carrying amount of debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximates fair value due to variable interest rate pricing on a portion of the debt with the balance bearing an interest rate approximating current market rates, and the carrying amounts for cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. Investmentassets, which fund the Company’snon-qualified deferred compensation plan, consist of mutual funds and are valued based on Level 1 inputs. At March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, investment assets totaled $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively, and are included as a component of other assets (non-current) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Stock-Based Compensation:The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for all equity awards granted, including stock options and restricted stock units, based on the fair market value of the award as of the grant date. The Company records compensation cost related to unvested equity awards by recognizing, on a straight-line basis, the unamortized grant date fair value over the remaining service period of each award. Excess tax benefits for share-based award activity are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a component of the provision for income taxes. Excess tax benefits are realized benefits from tax deductions for exercised awards in excess of the deferred tax asset attributable to stock-based compensation costs for such awards. The Company did not capitalize any stock-based compensation costs as part of an asset. The Company estimates forfeiture rates based on its historical experience. During fiscal years 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded non-cash stock-based compensation cost in the amount of $0.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively, in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Revenue Recognition:Distribution sales are recorded when an order’s title and risk of loss transfers to thecustomer. The Company recognizes the majority of its Service revenue based upon when the calibration or other activity is performed and then shipped and/or delivered to the customer.The majority of the Company’s revenuegenerating activities have a single performance obligation and are recognized at the point in time when control transfers and/or our obligation has been fulfilled. Some Service revenue is generated from managing customers’calibration programs in which the Company recognizes revenue over time. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration it expects to receive in exchange for product shipped or services performed. Sales taxes and other taxes billed and collected from customers are excluded from revenue. The Company generally invoices its customers for freight, shipping, and handling charges. Provisions for customer returns are provided for in the period the related revenue is recorded based upon historical data.

Revenue recognized from prior period performance obligations for fiscal year 2020 was immaterial. As of March 28, 2020, the Company had no unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of greater than one year. Pursuant to Topic 606 (defined below), the Company applied the practical expedient with respect to disclosure of the deferral and future expected timing of revenue recognition for transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations. Deferred revenue, unbilled revenue and deferred contract costs recorded onour Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 were immaterial. Payment terms are generally 30 to 45 days. See Note 7 for disaggregated revenue information.

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Vendor Rebates:Vendor rebates are generally based on specified cumulative levels of purchases and/or incremental distribution sales and are recorded as a reduction of cost of distribution sales. Purchase rebates are calculated and recorded quarterly based upon the volume of purchases with specific vendors during the quarter. Point of sale rebate programs that are based on year-over-year sales performance on a calendar year basis are recorded as earned, on a quarterly basis, based upon the expected level of annual achievement. Point of sale rebate programs that are based on year-over-year sales performance on a quarterly basis are recorded as earned in the respective quarter. The Company recorded vendor rebates of $1.6 million and $1.3 million in fiscal years 2020 and 2019, respectively, as a reduction of cost of distribution sales.

Cooperative Advertising Income:
The Company participates in co-op advertising programs with certain of its vendors. The Company records cash consideration received from these vendors for advertising as a reduction of cost of distribution sales. The Company recorded consideration in the amount of $1.4 million and $1.6 million in fiscal years 2020 and 2019, respectively, in connection with these programs.

Advertising Costs:Advertising costs, other than catalog costs, are expensed as they are incurred and are included in selling, marketing and warehouse Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Advertising costs were approximately $1.2 million and $1.4 million in fiscal years 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Shipping and Handling Costs:Freight expense and direct shipping costs are included in the cost of revenue. These costs totaled approximately $2.6 million in each of fiscal years 2020 and 2019, respectively. Direct handling costs, the majority of which represent direct compensation of employees who pick, pack, and prepare merchandise for shipment to customers, are reflected in selling, marketing and warehouse expenses. Direct handling costs were approximately $0.9 million and $1.0 million in fiscal years 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions:The accounts of Transcat Canada Inc. are maintained in the local currency and have been translated to U.S. dollars. Accordingly, the amounts representing assets and liabilities have been translated at the period-end rates of exchange, and related revenue and expense accounts have been translated at an average rate of exchange during the period. Gains and losses arising from translation of Transcat Canada Inc.’sfinancial statements into U.S. dollars are recorded directly to the accumulated other comprehensive losscomponent of shareholders’ equity.

Transcat records foreign currency gains and losses on business transactions denominated in foreign currency. The net foreign currency loss was less than $0.1 million in each of the fiscal years 2020 and 2019. The Company continually utilizes short-term foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the risk that its earnings would be adversely affected by changes in currency exchange rates. The Company does not apply hedge accounting and therefore the net change in the fair value of the contracts, which totaled a net loss of less than $0.1 million in fiscal year 2020 and a net gain of $0.2 million in fiscal year 2019, was recognized as a component of other expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The change in the fair value of the contracts is offset by the change in fair value on the underlying accounts receivables denominated in Canadian dollars being hedged. On March 28, 2020, the Company had a foreign exchange contract, which matured in April 2020, outstanding in the notional amount of $4.0 million. This contract was subsequently renewed and remains in place. The Company does not use hedging arrangements for speculative purposes.

Other Comprehensive Income:Comprehensive income is composed of currency translation adjustments, unrecognized prior service costs, net of tax, and unrealized gains or losses on other assets, net of tax.

For the Company’sCanadian subsidiary, the local currency is Canadian dollars. Assets and liabilities of that subsidiary are translated into United States dollars at the period-end exchange rate or historical rates as appropriate. Consolidated statements of earnings (loss) amounts are translated at average exchange rates for the period. The cumulative translation adjustments resulting from changes in exchange rates are included in the consolidatedbalance sheets as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity. Transaction gainsand losses are included in the consolidated statements of income.

The Company determines the expense and obligations for its post-retirement plans using assumptions related to discount rates, expected long-term rates of return on invested plan assets, and certain other factors. The Company determines the fair value of plan assets and benefit obligations as of the end of each fiscal year. The unrecognized portion of the gain or loss on plan assets is included in the consolidated balance sheets as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity and is recognized into the plans’ expense over time.See Note 5 for further discussion onthe company’s post retirement plan.

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The Company has a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for the benefit of certain management employees and non-employee directors.Investment assets, which fund the Company’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan, consist of mutual funds. The unrecognized portion of the gain or loss on plan assets is included in the consolidatedbalance sheets as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity.

At March 28, 2020, accumulated other comprehensive loss consisted of cumulative currency translation losses of $0.6 million, unrecognized prior service costs, net of tax, of $0.3 million and an unrealized gain on other assets, net of tax, of $0.1 million. At March 30, 2019, accumulated other comprehensive loss consisted of cumulative currency translation losses of $0.3 million, unrecognized prior service costs, net of tax, of $0.2 million and an unrealized gain on other assets, net of tax, of less than $0.1 million.

Earnings per Share:Basic earnings per share of common stock are computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share of common stock reflect the assumed conversion of stock options and unvested restricted stock units using the treasury stock method in periods in which they have a dilutive effect. In computing the per share effect of assumed conversion, proceeds received from the exercise of options and unvested restricted stock units are considered to have been used to purchase shares of common stock at the average market prices during the period, and the resulting net additional shares of common stock are included in the calculation of average shares of common stock outstanding.

For fiscal years 2020 and 2019, the net additional common stock equivalents had a $0.02 and $0.04 per share effect on the calculation of dilutive earnings per share, respectively. The average shares outstanding used to compute basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:

Shareholders’ Equity:During fiscal year 2020, the Company repurchased and subsequently retired 0.1 million shares of its common stock. During fiscal year 2019, the Company repurchased and subsequently retired less than 0.1 million shares of its common stock. There were no stock option redemptions during either fiscal year 2020 or fiscal year 2019.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements:

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (ASC Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize substantially all leases on the balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. The new standard establishes a right of use ("ROU") model that requires a lessee to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the income statement.

In July 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (ASC Topic 842), which provides entities with an additional transition method to adopt the new lease standard. Under this method, an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Consequently, the prior comparative period's financials will remain the same as those previously presented.

The Company adopted the new lease standard on March 31, 2019, during the first quarter of fiscal year 2020. The Company adopted the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance which allowed us to carry forward the historical lease classification. Upon adoption, the Company used hindsight in determining lease terms. The most significant impact of adoption was adding ROU lease assets and lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheetsby the present value of the Company’s leasing obligations, which are primarily relatedto facility and vehicle leases. The present value of the remaining lease payments is recognized as lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets with corresponding ROU assets. The value of the assets and liabilities added to the Consolidated Balance Sheets was approximately $8 million each. The ROU assets are shown separately on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. $1.7 million of the lease liabilities was included in Accrued Compensation and Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets with the remainder included in Lease Liabilities. Adopting the new standard did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Statement of Income or Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

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Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), which significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The ASU replaces the "incurred loss" model with an "expected credit loss" model that requires entities to estimate an expected lifetime credit loss on financial assets, including trade accounts receivable. The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. As credit losses from the Company's trade receivables have not historically been significant, the Company anticipates that the adoption of the ASU will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Reclassification of Amounts:Certain reclassifications of financial information for prior fiscal years have been made to conform to the presentation for the current fiscal year.

NOTE 2–PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consists of:

Total depreciation and amortization expense relating to property and equipment amounted to $4.8 million and $4.4 million in fiscal years 2020 and 2019, respectively.

NOTE 3–LONG-TERM DEBT

Description:On October 30, 2017, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), which amended and restated our prior credit facility agreement. The Credit Agreement extended theterm of our $30.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) to October 29, 2021. As of March 28, 2020, $30.0 million was available under the Revolving Credit Facility, of which $17.7 million was outstanding and included in long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of March 30, 2019, $30.0 million was available under the Revolving Credit Facility, of which $6.5 million was outstanding and included in long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 11 - Subsequent Event for additional information about our Credit Agreement.

On December 10, 2018, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement Amendment 1 (the “2018 Agreement”). The 2018 Agreement has a term loan (the “2018 Term Loan”) in the amount of $15.0 million, whichreplaced the previous term loan. As of March 28, 2020, $12.6 million was outstanding on the 2018 Term Loan, of which $2.0 million was included in current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets with the remainder included in long-term debt. As of March 30, 2019, $14.5 million was outstanding on the 2018 Term Loan, of which $1.9 million was included in current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets with the remainder included in long-term debt. The 2018 Term Loan requires total repayments (principal plus interest) of $0.2 million per month through December 2025.

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Under the Credit Agreement, borrowings that may be used for business acquisitions are limited to $20.0 million per fiscal year. During fiscal year 2020, $13.8 million was used for business acquisitions, including holdback payments. During fiscal year 2019, $3.9 million was used for business acquisitions, including holdback payments.

The allowable leverage ratio under the Credit Agreement is a maximum multiple of 3.0 of total debt outstanding compared to earnings before income taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, and non-cash stock-based compensation expense for the preceding four consecutive fiscal quarters. The Credit Agreement provides that the trailing twelve-month pro forma EBITDA of an acquired business be included in the allowable leverage calculation.

The Credit Agreement has certain covenants with which we must comply, including a fixed charge ratio covenant and a leverage ratio covenant. We were in compliance with all loan covenants and requirements during fiscal years 2020 and 2019. Our leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, was 1.53 at March 28, 2020, compared with 1.12 at March 30, 2019.

Interest on the Revolving Credit Facility continues to accrue, at our election, at either the variable one-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or a fixed rate for a designated period at the LIBOR corresponding tosuch period, in each case, plus a margin. Interest on outstanding borrowings of the 2018 Term Loan accrues at a fixed rate of 4.15% over the term of the loan with principal and interest payments made monthly. Commitment fees accrue based on the average daily amount of unused credit available under the Credit Agreement. Interest rate margins and commitment fees are determined on a quarterly basis based upon our calculated leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement. The one-month LIBOR at March 28, 2020 was 1.0%. The Company’s interestrate for the Revolving Credit Facility during fiscal year 2020 ranged from 1.8% to 3.7%.

The Company has pledged all of its U.S. tangible and intangible personal property, the equity interests of its U.S. based subsidiaries, and a majority of the common stock of Transcat Canada Inc. as collateral security for the loans made under the Revolving Credit Facility.

NOTE 4–INCOME TAXES

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Act was signed into law. The Tax Act includes numerous changes to existing tax law, including a permanent reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. Since the Company is a fiscal year taxpayer, the lower corporate income tax rate was effective for fiscal years 2020 and 2019. The Tax Act also causedthe Company’s U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities to be remeasured as of March 31, 2018 based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse, which is generally 21% plus the applicable state rates.

In addition, the Tax Act provided for a one-time “deemed repatriation” of accumulated foreign earningsfor post-1986 undistributed foreign subsidiary earnings and profits through fiscal year 2018. The Company finalized the additional provision for income tax expense on the deemed repatriation at less than $0.1 million with the filing of its fiscal year 2018 U.S. federal income tax return. No additional provision for U.S. federal or foreign taxes has beenmade as the foreign subsidiary’s undistributed earnings are considered to be permanently reinvested. It is not practicable to determine the amount of other taxes that would be payable if these amounts were repatriated to the U.S.

While the Tax Act provides for a territorial tax system, effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, it includes the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) and Foreign Derived Intangible Income (“FDII”)provisions. The Company has elected to account for the GILTI tax in the period in which it is incurred. During fiscal years 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded net income tax benefits of less than $0.1 million each year as a result of these provisions.

Transcat’s income before income taxes on the Consolidated Statements of Income is as follows:

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The provision for income taxes for fiscal years 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

A reconciliation of the income tax provision computed by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate and the income tax provision reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income is as follows:

The components of net deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various states and Canada. The Company is no longer subject to examination by U.S. federal income tax authorities for fiscal years 2016 and prior, by state tax authorities for fiscal years 2014 and prior, and by Canadian tax authorities for fiscal years 2013 and prior. There are no income tax years currently under examination by U.S. federal, or state income tax authorities. The examination of theCompany’s Scientific Research and Experimental Development credit reflected on its Canadian corporationincome tax return for the period ended March 31, 2018 was concluded in fiscal year 2020, resulting in an assessment of less than $0.1 million.

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During fiscal years 2020 and 2019, there were no uncertain tax positions. No interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions were recognized in fiscal years 2020 and 2019 or were accrued at March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019.

The Company’seffective tax rate for fiscal years 2020 and 2019 was 17.1% and 22.6%, respectively. Its tax rate is affected by recurring items, such as state income taxes and tax credits, which the Company expects to be fairly consistent in the near term. It is also affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year but are not consistent from year to year. The discrete benefits related to share-based compensation awards in each of fiscal years 2020 and 2019 were $0.9 and $0.1 million, respectively.

The Company expects to receive certain federal, state and Canadian tax credits in future years. The Company also expects to receive discrete tax benefits related to share-based compensation awards in fiscal year 2021. As such, it expects its effective tax rate in fiscal year 2021 to be between 24.0% and 25.0%.

NOTE 5–EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Defined Contribution Plan.All of Transcat’s U.S.based employees are eligible to participate in a defined contribution plan, the Long-Term Savings and Deferred Profit Sharing Plan (the “Plan”), provided they meet certainqualifications. In fiscal years 2020 and 2019, the Company matched 50% of the first 6% of pay that eligible employees contribute to the Plan.

In the long-term savings portion of the Plan (the “401K Plan”), plan participants are entitled to a distribution of theirvested account balance upon termination of employment or retirement. Plan participants are fully vested in their contributions whileCompany contributions are fully vested after three years of service. The Company’s matchingcontributions to the 401K Plan were approximately $0.9 million and $0.8 million in fiscal years 2020 and 2019, respectively.

In the deferred profit sharing portion of the Plan, Company contributions are made at the discretion of the board of directors. The Company made no profit sharing contributions in fiscal years 2020 and 2019.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan.The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) that allows foreligible employees as defined in the ESPP to purchase common shares of the Company through payroll deductions at a price that is 85% of the closing market price on the second last business day of each calendar month (the“Investment Date”).650,000 shares can be purchased under the ESPP. The difference between the closing market price on the Investment Date and the price paid by employees is recorded as a general and administrative expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. The expense related to the ESPP was less than $0.1 million in each of fiscal years 2020 and 2019.

Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan.The Company has available a non-qualified deferred compensationplan (the “NQDC Plan”) for directors and officers. Participants are fully vested in their contributions. At itsdiscretion, the Company may elect to match employee contributions, subject to legal limitations in conjunction with the 401K Plan, which fully vest after three years of service. During fiscal years 2020 and 2019, the Company did not match any employee contributions. Participant accounts are adjusted to reflect performance, whether positive or negative, of selected investment options chosen by each participant during the deferral period. In the event of bankruptcy, the assets of the NQDC Plan are available to satisfy the claims ofthe Company’sgeneral creditors. The liability for compensation deferred under the NQDC Plan was $0.4 million and $0.5 million as of March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, respectively, and is included as a component of other liabilities (non-current) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Post-retirement Health Care Plans.The Company has a defined benefit post-retirement health care plan which provides long-term care insurance benefits, medical and dental insurance benefits and medical premium reimbursement benefits to eligible retired corporate officers and their eligible spouses (the “Officer Plan”).

The change in the post-retirement benefit obligation is as follows: