Maxar (MAXR) 10-K2019 FY Annual report

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Maxar Technologies Inc.

Annual Report on Form 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2019

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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

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This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” as defined in Section 27A of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements usually relate to future events and anticipated revenues, earnings, cash flows or other aspects of our operations or operating results. Forward-looking statements are often identified by the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “intend,” “foresee,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “may,” “estimate,” “outlook” and similar expressions, including the negative thereof. The absence of these words, however, does not mean that the statements are not forward-looking. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, beliefs and assumptions concerning future developments and business conditions and their potential effect on us. While management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made, there can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we anticipate.

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All of our forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties (some of which are significant or beyond our control) and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections. Known material factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in the forward-looking statements include those set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We caution you not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any of our forward-looking statements after the date they are made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except to the extent required by law.

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Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to the terms “Company,” “Maxar,” “we,” “us,” and “our” to refer collectively to Maxar Technologies Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Financial information and results of operations presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the periods prior to January 1, 2019 relate to Maxar Technologies Ltd., our predecessor, and relate to Maxar Technologies Inc. after January 1, 2019.

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ITEM 1.BUSINESS

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We are a leading provider of solutions in Earth intelligence and space infrastructure. We help government and commercial customers monitor, understand and navigate the changing planet; deliver global broadband communications infrastructure; and explore and advance the use of space. Our approach combines decades of deep mission understanding and a proven commercial and defense foundation to deliver our services with speed, scale and cost effectiveness. Our stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange and Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “MAXR”.

On January 1, 2019, we completed a reorganization of our corporate structure pursuant to which we directly acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Maxar Technologies Ltd. (“Maxar Canada”), and we replaced Maxar Canada as the publicly-held parent company of the Maxar group (“U.S. Domestication”). Prior to U.S. Domestication, Maxar Canada reported to securities regulators in both Canada and the U.S., financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Upon completion of the U.S. Domestication, and including the report herein, we have prepared our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). The U.S. Domestication marked a major milestone in Maxar Canada’s long-term objectives to gain a stronger presence in the U.S. market (the “U.S. Access Plan”), enhance Maxar Canada’s ability to provide and support classified applications for U.S. government agencies, and fulfill a commitment made in connection with the acquisition of DigitalGlobe, Inc. (“DigitalGlobe”) on October 5, 2017 (“DigitalGlobe Transaction”).

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The DigitalGlobe Transaction created a company that we believe is uniquely positioned to capture growth in the U.S. and global Earth observation and geospatial services markets given its ability to provide complete, end-to-end space systems, Earth imagery and geospatial solutions. The DigitalGlobe Transaction leveraged a full range of space-related capabilities, including communications and Earth observation satellites and robotics, integrated electro-optical imagery, and advanced data analytics. As a result of the combination, we are able to deliver cloud-based information services that allow commercial and government customers worldwide to better understand activity across the changing planet.

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In the fourth quarter of 2019, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell MDA, our Canadian subsidiary, to a consortium of private investors led by Northern Private Capital, for C$1 billion subject to customary adjustments and regulatory approvals (“MDA Transaction”). We expect to use the net proceeds to repay debt and improve our capital structure to prioritize investments for growth in our core areas of Earth Intelligence and Space Infrastructure. The MDA Transaction includes all of MDA’s business, encompassing ground stations, radar satellite products, robotics, defense and satellite components, representing approximately 1,900 employees. As a result of this announcement, this business, whose results were previously the MDA segment (described below), was classified as discontinued operations in the Consolidated Financial Statements for all periods presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Refer to Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion on this transaction, as well as Note 17 - Segment Information and Note 4– Discontinued Operations in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for additional information regarding the Company’s segments and discontinued operations. Except as otherwise noted, the description of our business and financial information reflects our continuing operations. See Note 4, “Discontinued Operations” in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion on key leadership changes.

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The MDA Transaction further executed on our near-term priority of reducing debt. We also believe the transaction will place us in a better position to take advantage of substantial growth opportunities across Earth Intelligence and Space Infrastructure categories.

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Segments

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On January 13, 2019, Mr. Daniel Jablonsky was appointed as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Maxar. Refer to Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion on key leadership changes.

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In connection with Mr. Jablonsky’s appointment in January 2019 and President and Chief Executive Officer of Maxar, our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) also changed. During 2019, Mr. Jablonsky rolled out a transformative plan to integrate, stabilize, and position Maxar for future growth. As part of this plan, we streamlined our operating structure to reflect a more efficient model and integrated our existing business units so that they are more aligned and collaborative. This resulted in a change in the evaluation of our business by our CODM, which was completed in the fourth quarter of 2019. The changes to our segments align our business units to our future growth strategy. The CODM reviews revenue and Adjusted EBITDA based on three reportable segments: Earth Intelligence, Space Infrastructure and MDA. In connection with the MDA Transaction discussed above, the MDA segment was classified as discontinued operations as of the year ended December 31, 2019. Comparative historical segmented information has been restated. Refer to Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for detailed disclosure of revenues and Adjusted EBITDA by segment.

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We serve our customers and organize our businesses through the following three reportable segments:

The following is a description of our business segments. As part of the description, we include a discussion on some of the segment’s notable announcements and achievements in 2019.

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Earth Intelligence

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We are a global leader in high resolution space-based optical and radar imagery products and analytics. We launched the world’s first high resolution commercial imaging satellite in 1999 and currently operate a four-satellite imaging constellation, providing us with a 110 petabyte historical ImageLibrary of the highest-resolution, commercially available imagery. Our imagery solutions provide customers with timely, accurate and mission-critical information about our changing planet and support a wide variety of government and commercial applications, including mission planning, mapping and analysis, environmental monitoring, disaster management, crop management, oil and gas exploration and infrastructure management. Our principal customers in the Earth Intelligence segment are U.S. and other international government agencies (primarily defense and intelligence agencies), as well as a wide variety of commercial customers in multiple markets. We are a market leader in the commercial satellite Earth observation industry.

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We also provide geospatial services that combine imagery, analytic expertise and innovative technology to deliver intelligence solutions to customers. Our cleared developers, analysts, and data scientists provide analytic solutions that accurately document change and enable geospatial modeling and analysis that help predict where events will occur. Our primary customer of geospatial services is the U.S. government, but we also support intelligence requirements for other U.S. allied governments, global development organizations and commercial customers. The Earth Intelligence segment includes the financial results of the legacy imagery and services segments, excluding the legacy Canadian radar imagery business which is part of the MDA segment.

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Customers can purchase specific images from our imagery archives or place custom orders to task our satellites for a specific area of interest. We process our imagery to varying levels according to our customers’ specifications and deliver

our products using the distribution method that best suits our customers’ needs. We offer a number of imagery products, including:

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We also provide certain customers the ability to directly task and receive imagery from our satellites within local and regional geographic boundaries of interest through our Direct Access Program (“DAP”). We sell these customers ground system infrastructure, enabling them to download and process imagery directly from our satellites and access to our satellite and maintenance services. The DAP is designed to meet the enhanced information and operational security needs of a select number of international defense and intelligence customers and certain commercial customers. Our Rapid Access Program offers customers access to our satellite constellation, while we own and manage the ground infrastructure.

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We provide advanced geospatial information, applications, and analytic services to national security and commercial customers through our imagery and other sources of geospatial data such as low-resolution satellite imagery, weather and oceanographic data, elevation, and social media. We deploy these services through various platforms, including Amazon Web Services and NVIDIA. Our 65 active patents and SBIR Phase III data rights support the unique technology we provide to our customers.

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As of December 31, 2019, we operated a constellation of four in-orbit and fully-commissioned satellites: GeoEye-1, WorldView-1, WorldView-2, and WorldView-3. Our annual collection capacity is approximately 1.4 billion square kilometers, and we have collected approximately 110 petabytes of imagery over our history (referred to as our “ImageLibrary”), which is available for use.

for our Global Enhanced Geospatial Delivery service, which allows us to continue providing more than a quarter million U.S. government users with access to this program. Lastly, in the fourth quarter, we were selected by the U.S. Air Force to develop Red Wing, an automated cloud-based geospatial intelligence analysis architecture for the Air Force Research Laboratory.

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Our major existing and potential competitors for our Earth Intelligence business include commercial satellite imagery companies, state-owned imagery providers, aerial imagery companies, free sources of imagery, unmanned aerial vehicles, and companies that provide geospatial analytic information and services to the U.S. government, including defense prime contractors.

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We compete on the basis of the technical capabilities of our satellites, such as size of collection area, collection speed, revisit time, resolution, accuracy and spectral diversity; satellite availability for tasked orders; the size, comprehensiveness and relevance of our ImageLibrary; distribution platform and tools that enable customers to easily access and integrate imagery; value-added services, including advanced imagery production and analysis; timeliness and ready availability of imagery products and services that can be deployed quickly and cost-effectively; and price.

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Space Infrastructure

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We are a leading provider of Space Infrastructure. We design, build, integrate and test solutions for space-based communications satellites, on-orbit servicing, robotic assembly, and space exploration. We address a broad spectrum of needs for our customers, including mission systems engineering, product design, spacecraft manufacturing, assembly integration and testing. We provide advanced, reliable, and affordable spacecraft that enable our commercial customers to deliver valuable global services, and we are successfully partnering with the U.S. government in new space opportunities. The Space Infrastructure segment includes the financial results of our legacy Space Solutions business (previously referred to as Space Systems/Loral LLC or SSL) which was included within our legacy Space Systems segment.

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We have built and launched more than 280 spacecraft with a combined approximate 2,600 years of on-orbit service. We have more than 30 years of experience in space robotics, having developed all five robotic arms on the Mars landers and rovers.

Our products include:

We have 92 satellites currently on orbit with 99.9998% availability.

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The Space Infrastructure manufacturing capability of satellite vehicles (commonly referred to as a “satellite bus” or a “bus”) consists of the heritage 1300 bus (which spans a broad capability ranging from 1300 to over 6500 kg) and the smaller Legion-class bus 9which spans a range from 500 to 1300 kg). Our Legion-class bus involves a new modular architecture with mission-specific subsystems selectable from our wide range of heritage and newly developed products.

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The 1300 bus has three decades of on-orbit heritage and is highly versatile, serving a wide range of missions, orbits and customers. The 1300 bus is the world’s most popular Geosynchronous Equatorial Orbit (“GEO”) satellite, designed to accommodate evolutionary technology advances. It was one of the first spacecraft platforms to provide solar electric propulsion, or SEP, and has been used to demonstrate next-generation technologies including Q/V-band, photonics and a payload orbital delivery system, or PODS, that brings small free-flying spacecraft to GEO. The largest application class

for which the 1300 bus has historically been utilized is commercial geostationary communication satellites and recently as a host for NASA payloads, such as TEMPO (defined below). Our 1300 bus is in use today for a broad range of television distribution services from smaller regional television satellites to the high-capacity, high-power satellites used by direct-to-home television distributors. A more recently emerging and growing application for commercial geostationary communication satellites is the delivery of data-centric applications (such as consumer broadband, in-flight communication, maritime and 4G/5G cellular backhaul) via high-capacity spot beam satellites commonly referred to as “high throughput satellites” (or “HTS”). Space Infrastructure introduced the first HTS satellite in 2005, which used the 1300 bus.

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To address the rising demand for smaller satellites and multiple-satellite low Earth orbit (“LEO”) and medium Earth orbit (“MEO”) constellations used for imaging, sensing and communication applications, we are developing our Legion-class bus, which will first be used for the next-generation WorldView Legion (“WV-Legion”) constellation for our Earth Intelligence business. We believe the Legion bus will be effective for government and commercial applications that require a multiple-satellite constellation of identical satellites produced in a cost-efficient manner.

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Other satellite manufacturers have developed or are developing digital payloads which increase flexibility for geostationary satellites in circumstances where demand is not predictable. In circumstances when our customers have expressed interest in this technology, we have teamed with providers of this technology to enhance our offering. Space Infrastructure also builds advanced robotic and servicing systems for military and infrastructure applications. Our robotics technologies have been used on the Mars landers and rovers. We work with NASA on projects such as Restore-L, a robotic spacecraft equipped with the technologies, tools, and techniques needed to extend satellites’ lifespans, which include refueling and relocating an existing U.S. government satellite. As noted above, our robotic technologies also include developing all five robotic arms on the surface of Mars. Additionally, we are currently developing in-orbit assembly robotic technologies via the Space Infrastructure Dexterous Robot (“SPIDER”) (formerly Dragonfly) program with NASA. To achieve further cost-effective scalability across a spectrum of mission applications, we are further developing our Legion-class modular architecture. We believe this architecture provides cost-effective customization using standard subsystems.

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During 2019, the Space Infrastructure segment was selected by NASA for the Power Propulsion Element of the Lunar Gateway program, utilizing the 1300-class bus. In January 2020, we announced that we were selected by NASA to build and fly SPIDER. We also announced plans to work with the West Virginia Robotic Technology Center in its proposal to perform independent verification of operations and deploy SPIDER, an autonomous robotic in-space assembly system. We will fly the first SPIDER system on NASA’s Restore-L spacecraft which will demonstrate technologies for refueling a satellite in LEO and assembling a large Ka/V band antenna. We are currently building the spacecraft bus for Restore-L, which is based on the 1300-class platform, as well as the two robotic arms that perform the refueling part of the mission. Additionally, we began production on a Legion class geostationary communications satellite with a digital processor for Ovzon, a company that provides mobile broadband connectivity in underserved regions. We were also selected by NASA to integrate and fly their Tropospheric Emissions Monitoring of Pollution (“TEMPO”) instrument on a commercial GEO satellite. In the fourth quarter, we delivered the robotic Sample Handling Assembly for NASA’s Mars 2020 rover. Lastly, we successfully launched PSN VI with two co-passenger payloads, EUTELSAT 7 and Intelsat 39 during the year.

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Our principal customers in the Space Infrastructure segment are commercial satellite operators and government agencies worldwide.

Our primary competitors for satellite manufacturing contracts are: The Boeing Company, Lockheed Martin Corporation, and Northrop Grumman Corporation in the United States; Thales S.A. and Airbus Defence and Space, a subsidiary of the Airbus Group, in Europe; and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation in Japan. We sell in a highly competitive market. In addition, many of our competitors are larger and have greater resources. We may also face competition in the future from emerging low-cost competitors in India, Russia and China.

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MDA

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We are a leading provider of Space Infrastructure in Canada. We develop and deliver advanced surveillance and intelligence solutions, defense and maritime systems, radar geospatial imagery, space robotics, satellite antennas, and communication subsystems. The MDA segment includes the financial results of the MDA and legacy radar imagery business. As discussed above, in connection with the MDA Transaction, the financial results from this segment were classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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We have a long history in space robotics, having developed the Canadarms for NASA’s Space Shuttle program, and Canadarm2, which is currently in service on the International Space Station.

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Our products include:

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MDA has long been the leader in the Canadian space business. Our MDA business develops and delivers advanced surveillance and intelligence solutions, defense and maritime systems, radar geospatial imagery, space robotics, satellite antennas, and communication subsystems.

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As the operator for the RADARSAT-2 satellite, we are one of the largest radar information providers worldwide. We also provide geospatial information and monitoring services derived from radar imagery and other sources to customers in defense, weather, transportation, energy and mining sectors.

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During 2019, the MDA segment signed a contract with Lockheed Martin for the Canadian Surface Combatant program to provide the electronic warfare suite. During the second quarter, we successfully launched the RADARSAT constellation mission (“RCM”) satellites. During the third quarter, we were awarded two contracts from the Canadian Space Agency for work on Phase A of the robotic interfaces for Canadarm3 on the NASA-led Gateway. Additionally, we were selected to design and manufacture advanced space-based L-band navigation antennas as part of a hosted payload on the MEASAT-3d satellite, which is currently being built by Airbus. These navigation antennas will be integrated on a hosted payload for South Korean KTSAT that will support the Korea Augmentation Satellite System (“KASS”).

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Our principal customers in the MDA segment are the Canadian government and other government and commercial customers worldwide. The competitors in the MDA segment are similar to those in our Earth Intelligence and Space Infrastructure segments.

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Industry Overview

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Large and Growing Addressable Market

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We believe that there is potential for growth among three key components of our addressable market: the U.S. government, other governments, and commercial customers. For both the U.S. and other governments, drivers of growth include persistent global security threats, resilient defense budgets, continued demand for high-quality imagery and value-added services and a focus on space as an investment. We believe that the U.S. government is interested in expanding the use of commercial alternatives to owned assets and that other governments present an opportunity for growth. We seek to align our products and services with the U.S. Department of Defense (“DoD”)’s National Defense Strategy needs, as well as growing international defense and intelligence demand. For civil customers, in particular NASA, growth is being driven by rising budgets to support space exploration programs such as Artemis and Earth science projects. For commercial customers, drivers of growth include strong demand for imagery due to new uses cases

enabled by artificial intelligence and machine learning, space-based remote sensing, GEO replacement demand, and LEO communications programs.

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Diverse Solutions for Diverse End-Markets

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While traditionally spending in space has been dominated by military defense programs and the communications industry, the proliferation of technology and cheaper access to space has led to a diversification in end-market users. Machine learning, artificial intelligence (“AI”) and “big data” have given rise to multiple use cases across industries, such as oil & gas, agriculture, transportation, insurance, finance and non-governmental organizations. Concurrently, geopolitical competition in space as a contested domain is leading to further investment by global militaries. We have evolved with this changing environment to serve a multitude of customers.

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Markets in Which We Operate

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Our Earth Intelligence, Space Infrastructure, and MDA Segments operate in both the Earth Observation and Satellite Manufacturing markets.

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Earth Observation Market

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The Earth Observation, or EO, market includes the collection and processing of optical and non-optical imagery data of the Earth from space. Specifically, the market is segmented into Data, Value-Added Services (“VAS”), Information Products and Big Data Analytics. The Data segment consists of raw imagery transmitted from the satellite to the ground station and products, such as stereo imaging and basic corrections (radiometric and geometric). VAS includes processing applications that transform raw data into information. Information Products integrates other datasets into the imagery through layering or data fusion (such as traffic information and street names). Finally, Big Data Analytics includes several of the attributes of Information Products and extracts statistical information not apparent in the base data by analyzing a given area over a period while monitoring changes in environments.

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The EO market serves customers in a variety of sectors, including defense & intelligence, energy & natural resources, industrials, managed living resources (such as agriculture and forestry), public authorities, services (such as finance, insurance, news and media), and weather. Providers generally compete on resolution, revisit frequency, delivery (cloud versus traditional) and pricing.

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Northern Sky Research forecasts the EO market is entering a period of strong growth, largely driven by increased demand for Information Products and Big Data Analytics with continued strength in the North American market and government & military end-markets. Northern Sky Research projects that the EO market will grow from $3.3 billion in total revenue in 2018 to $7.2 billion in total revenue in 2028, an expected 8% compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”).

Additionally, with the advancement of AI solutions to power EO data analysis, Euroconsult believes there is potential for the VAS portion of the EO market to grow to $12.1 billion by 2026. It is increasingly likely that value in the EO market will be driven by AI-enabled data analytics.

Satellite Manufacturing Market

The satellite industry has undergone a significant change with the proliferation of LEO satellites. LEO satellites are cheaper to launch, have higher revisit rates and have less latency in their communications, but are also unable to carry heavier and more capable sensor suites. Also, as space becomes increasingly contested, a shift is expected towards LEO constellations to enhance survivability of the constellation network. On the other hand, GEO satellites cover more area from a higher vantage point and carry more advanced sensor or communication suites. Due to their greater distance from earth, however, there is increased latency. MEO satellites attempt to blend the benefits of both LEO and GEO satellites. In addition to altitude class, satellites are classified by functions, such as communications or earth observation.

According to Euroconsult, satellite manufacturing for vehicles over 50kg is expected to experience a three-fold increase in the number of satellites over the period of 2017 - 2026 compared to the previous decade. This represents a market of $304.0 billion for manufacturing and launch services. While most launches will be LEO, Euroconsult anticipates 350

GEO satellites, including 140 commercial satellites, will be manufactured and launched over the same period. This represents a market of $103.0 billion for manufacturing and launch services over the period of 2018-2027.

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LEO proliferation is expected to greatly increase access to space, thus enabling new commercial customers across diversified industries including oil & gas, insurance, agriculture, and asset management firms, as well as nonprofit organizations, to benefit from satellite imagery.

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Government Investment in Space Programs

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With more than half of our revenues coming from U.S. government customers, we expect that our Space Infrastructure and Earth Intelligence segments will benefit from growing defense and Space Infrastructure budgets. The proliferation of space-based intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance and communications is expected to drive increased government investments in the sector through the mid-2020’s.

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Global

Euroconsult projects that world governments are in the early stages of a 10-year growth cycle for space programs, with spending increasing from $70.9 billion in 2018 to $84.6 billion in 2025, or an expected 3% CAGR.

United States

In the United States, there is a concerted effort by the government to accelerate space investment. According to the Congressional Research Service, the President’s Fiscal Year 2020 budget request of $14.1 billion for the National Security Space (“NSS”) budget represents a 14% increase in funding over the Fiscal Year 2019 enacted figure of $12.3 billion. The NSS, the newest of 12 Major Force Programs in the DoD, was created in 2016. Additionally, the DoD has been undergoing a space enterprise reorganization. On December 20, 2019, with the enactment of the Fiscal Year 2020 National Defense Authorization Act, the U.S. Space Force (“USSF”) was established. The mission of the USSF is to organize, train, and equip space forces in order to protect the U.S. and allied interests in space and to provide space capabilities to the joint force.

The NSS budget generally excludes funding for the NRO and NGA. Specific funding levels for these organizations, which are long-term historical customers, are generally classified. However, per the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, the aggregate funding requests for the National Intelligence Program (“NIP”) were $57.7 billion in 2017, $59.9 billion in 2018 and $62.8 billion in 2019. The NRO and NGA are included in the NIP.

Furthermore, the President’s Fiscal Year 2020 NASA budget further highlights an effort by the government to invest in space exploration and development. The budget provides $21 billion, including $10.7 billion to continue building the key components of the Exploration campaign that will send astronauts to the Moon and beyond, including the Lunar Gateway.

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Growth Strategy

Our vision is to hold market leading positions in each of the markets we serve. We aim to achieve this by applying innovative technologies and capabilities that provide value to our customers across their entire value chain, including components, subsystems, systems, data and services. Specific elements of our strategy across our two segments include:

Earth Intelligence

Driving revenue growth through improvements in our products—we seek to improve our Earth intelligence products with WV-Legion by productizing technologies and derivative content developed in support of individual customer contracts, such as using more artificial intelligence and machine learning to extract features, detect objects, and detect change in our satellite imagery and complementary content. WV-Legion will be a fleet of six high performing satellites for which our Space Infrastructure segment is acting as prime contractor. With a planned launch in 2021, we expect that WV-Legion, in addition to our current constellation, will revisit rapidly changing areas more than 15 times per day, an

increase from four times per day currently, which more than triples both our capacity to collect 30 cm imagery and our overall capacity in high-demand areas. The revisit rate and increase in capacity enables a clearer understanding of on-ground conditions, allowing for more real-time, actionable analysis to deliver insights on rapidly changing environments and populations, while providing for more frequent monitoring for defense and intelligence applications, enhanced emergency responsiveness and maritime surveillance, among other applications. WV-Legion is planned to be compatible with our global infrastructure and access programs. We believe we provide imagery with five times the information content (tied to resolution) of our nearest competitor and over ten times the information content and better than two times the accuracy of the nearest smallsat competitor. We believe we will be able to provide even greater quality imagery and with higher revisit rates upon deployment of our WV-Legion constellation. We have developed technology used to enhance the quality and usability of imagery (e.g. eliminate atmospheric distortions, increase positional accuracy, improved interpretability, etc.), create information derivatives (e.g. road vectors, material types, land classification, etc.), fuse multiple types of content (internet of things, optical imagery, synthetic aperture radar imagery, vectors, social media, etc.), detect change, determine meaningful correlations between events and information in content analyzed, determine and model patterns of life, and other geospatial processing technologies.  We believe that creating standard products using this technology will grow our product-based revenue with customers in the technology, defense and intelligence, civil government, and global development organization sectors.

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Expanding our relationship with the U.S. government—the U.S. government is the largest customer of our Earth Intelligence segment through the EnhancedView Follow-On (the “EnhancedView Contract”) and Global-EGD programs, and various classified and unclassified contract vehicles. Demand for geospatial intelligence and services continues to grow given the geopolitical environment and the confluence of high-performance computing and machine learning algorithms that allow for insight to be extracted from ever greater levels of data being produced by EO sensors and national and commercial satellite assets. The U.S. government has expressed interest in increasingly relying on commercial partners to provide geospatial data given cost affordability and advances in technology that provide high quality imagery. We seek to grow our business with the U.S. government by leveraging the investments we have made across our capability set, including in machine learning and AI, and our strong record of historic performance.

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Growing our installed base and penetration of international defense and intelligence customers—we currently provide service to U.S.-allied nations through our SecureWatch, Rapid Access, and Direct Access products. These customers use our imagery in their civil and intelligence related missions. Our imagery and services are either complimentary to national assets owned by these countries, or in some cases defer the need for a country to own and operate national assets. We believe there are many prospective customers that have both the mission need and budget for our services which we seek to add to our installed base. We also seek to further penetrate existing customers through the provision of additional data and services. Lastly, we believe there are opportunities to provide our services to U.S.-allied nations who might seek a compliment to national capabilities in geospatial analytics. Our strategy focuses on those countries that currently have deep and long-standing relationships with our Earth Intelligence segment and other close U.S. allies.

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Growing with and expanding our installed base among commercial customers—we have over 400 commercial customers that use our data in their products and applications across a variety of industries including technology, telecom, transportation, mining, and oil and gas. The confluence of high-performance computing and machine learning algorithms are allowing for insights to be extracted from ever greater levels of data, which in turn is driving innovation across our customer base. We expect this trend to continue, and we seek to grow with our existing customers as well as to grow our installed base by leveraging our market leading imagery capabilities. Furthermore, we believe our capabilities in machine learning, AI, and products that allow greater insights to be more easily extracted from large amounts of geospatial data will position us to sell additional solutions to our commercial customers.

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Providing products based on machine learning and artificial intelligence—we are developing our capabilities in machine learning and AI to extract greater insight from the geospatial data available to us and our customers. We are also working on the productization of our capability set across geospatial analytics and services to facilitate the penetration of international government and commercial markets.

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Delivering 3D products to global defense, intelligence and commercial customers – through Vricon, Inc., our joint venture with Saab AB, we are expanding the market demand for global scale 3D products. 3D products allow decision

makers to understand their operational environment in 3D – developing new insights that enable them to make better, faster decisions. We see a growing opportunity to sell 3D data and software products to the military and intelligence community to support virtual training environments and provide better information to the warfighter. U.S. Defense and Intelligence is seeking solutions to support intelligence fusion, maneuver, and other mission requirements. We also see tremendous opportunity with our commercial customers as they look for more accurate geodata to improve their products. The current investment in 5G networks and Internet of Things provides a unique opportunity to deliver network operators a better data solution to improve their future networks. Additional use cases continue to grow as 3D products and precision data sets become better understood.

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Space Infrastructure

Driving revenue through improvement in our products—we are developing differentiated capabilities that are designed for future space exploration, including propulsion, power, and robotics. We believe these elements will be critical to helping our customers operate in an increasingly contested space environment and in achieving successful space exploration missions. We are also developing our satellite architectures and manufacturing capabilities to assure that we can successfully fulfill both government and commercial customer requirements on future programs. We are also developing relationships across the supply chain to assure that we can seamlessly provide a broad-breadth of mission sets to our customers.

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Growing our U.S. and international civil exposure—we have a long history with civil space programs dating back to the Apollo missions. Current NASA programs include the Power Propulsion Element for the Lunar Gateway, Restore-L, Psyche TEMPO and SPIDER. We have also provided every robotic arm on NASA’s Mars rovers. We seek to leverage our investments and expertise in propulsion, power, and robotics, as well as our strong legacy of performance, when pursuing further civil work in the U.S. and abroad.

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Deepening our penetration of U.S. national programs—to date, we have won several classified and unclassified study contracts with U.S. defense and intelligence customers. We seek to further penetrate these markets by utilizing our flexible satellite architectures, design and engineering capabilities, and commercial business practices—all of which we believe can create compelling value propositions.

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Providing flexible platforms to our commercial customers—we currently provide components, sub-systems, and system architectures to our customers for communications and EO satellites in LEO, MEO and GEO orbits. In communications, we offer flexible platforms across various architecture platforms and mission payloads from standard analog to high through-put. In EO, we also offer flexible solutions across various architecture platforms and mission payloads, including electro-optic. Our goal is to be positioned well to compete for future single satellite or full constellation build orders from our customers, across a wide range of the architectures, payloads, or Earth orbit chosen to fulfill mission requirements.

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Environmental Regulations

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Our operations are regulated under various federal, state, local and international laws governing the environment, including laws governing the discharge of pollutants into the soil, air and water, the management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes, and the cleanup of contaminated sites. We have infrastructure in place to ensure that our operations are in compliance with all applicable environmental regulations. We do not believe that the costs of compliance with these laws and regulations will have a material adverse effect on our capital expenditures, operating results or competitive position. The imposition of more stringent standards or requirements under environmental laws or regulations or a determination that we are responsible for the release of hazardous substances at our sites could result in expenditures in excess of amounts currently estimated to be required for such matters. We have been designated, along with numerous other companies, as a potentially responsible party for the clean-up of several hazardous waste sites. Based on available information, we do not believe that any costs incurred in connection with such sites will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, capital expenditures or competitive position. There can be no assurance that additional environmental matters will not arise in the future, or that costs will not be incurred with respect to sites at which no problem is currently known.

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U.S. Government Contracts

All of our reportable segments have contracts with various governmental entities, which are concentrated in a small number of primary contracts. The U.S. government may terminate or suspend our contracts, including the EnhancedView Contract with the U.S. government in our Earth Intelligence segment, at any time with or without cause. Additionally, any changes in the size, scope or term of the EnhancedView Contract could impact our satellite replenishment strategy and our ability to repay or refinance our long-term debt. Although our U.S. government contracts generally involve fixed annual minimum commitments, such commitments, along with all other contracts with the U.S. government, are subject to annual Congressional appropriations and the federal budget process, and as a result, the U.S. government may not continue to fund these contracts at current or anticipated levels.

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Intellectual Property

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We own a substantial intellectual property portfolio that includes many U.S. and foreign patents, as well as many U.S. and international trademarks, service marks, domain names and copyrights. We actively pursue internal development of intellectual property. In addition to our patent portfolio, we own other intellectual property such as unpatented trade secrets, know-how, data, and software. Additionally, we rely on licenses of certain intellectual property to conduct our business operations, including certain proprietary rights to and from third parties. While our intellectual property rights in the aggregate are important to our operations, we do not believe that any particular trade secret, patent, trademark, copyright, license or other intellectual property right is of such importance that its loss, expiration or termination would have a material effect on our business.

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Foreign and Domestic Operations

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In the year ended December 31, 2019, approximately 25% of our revenue was derived from non-U.S. sales, and we intend to continue to pursue international contracts. International operations are subject to certain risks, such as: changes in domestic and foreign governmental regulations and licensing requirements; deterioration of relations between the U.S. and a particular foreign country; increases in tariffs and taxes and other trade barriers; foreign currency fluctuations; changes in political and economic stability; effects of austerity programs or similar significant budget reduction programs; potential preferences by prospective customers to purchase from local (non-U.S.) sources; and difficulties in obtaining or enforcing judgments in foreign jurisdictions.

In addition, our international contracts may include industrial cooperation agreements requiring specific in-country purchases, investments, manufacturing agreements or other financial obligations, known as offset obligations, and provide for penalties in the event we fail to meet such requirements.

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Raw Materials

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Our businesses are generally engaged in limited manufacturing activities and have minimal exposure to fluctuations in the supply of raw materials. For those businesses that manufacture and sell products and systems, most of the value that we provide is labor oriented, such as design, engineering, assembly and test activities. In manufacturing our products, we use our own production capabilities as well as a diverse base of third-party suppliers and subcontractors. Certain aspects of our manufacturing activities require relatively scarce raw materials; occasionally, we have experienced difficulty in our ability to procure raw materials, components, sub-assemblies and other supplies required in our manufacturing processes.

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Research and Development

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We have a history of investing in development of technological advancements in our field of aerospace. We have both internally and externally funded research and development projects. Our current and future business is dependent on developing new enhancements and technology that go into our existing and future products and services. Our annual research and development expenses from continuing operations were $10 million, $88 million, and $62 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We intend to continue our focus on research and development and product and service enhancements as a key strategy for innovation and growth. One of our current

areas of focus is our development of the WV-Legion program, a capital project, and other new offerings within our Earth Intelligence segment, including 3D technology through our Vricon joint venture. Our efforts will continue to be directed into fields that we believe offer the greatest opportunities for long-term growth and profitability. 

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Backlog

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A summary of our backlog is set forth in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Backlog” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Business Seasonality

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We have not historically experienced seasonality in our operations.

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Financial and Other Business Information

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See Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for financial information, including revenues and earnings from operations, for each of our reportable segments.

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Employees

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As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately 5,800 employees operating in the United States, Canada, and internationally. Upon the closing of the MDA Transaction we will have approximately 3,900 employees.

Available Information

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Our website can be accessed at http://www.maxar.com. The website contains information about us and our operations. Through a link on the Investor Relations section of our website, copies of our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including any Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statements and Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed on behalf of directors and executive officers, and amendments to each of those reports and statements can be viewed and downloaded free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports have been filed or furnished with the SEC. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference and is not a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additionally, our reports, proxy and information statements, and other information filed with the SEC are available on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov or at the SEC Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information regarding the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Our reports, proxy and information statements, and other information filed can also be found under our SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

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We operate in a changing global environment that involves numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The occurrence of any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, prospects, results of operations and cash flows. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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Risks Related to Our Business

The future revenue and operating results of the Space Infrastructure segment are dependent on our ability to generate a sustainable order rate for the satellite and space manufacturing operations and develop new technologies to meet the needs of our customers or potential new customers.

The Space Infrastructure segment’s financial performance is dependent on its ability to generate a sustainable order rate for its satellite and space manufacturing operations. This can be challenging and may fluctuate on an annual basis as the

number of satellite construction contracts awarded varies and in 2018 there was a substantial step down in the total number and dollar value of geostationary communication satellite contracts awarded compared to such historical averages prior to 2015. Many satellite operators in the communications industry have continued to defer new satellite construction awards to evaluate geostationary and other competing satellite system architectures and other market factors. If we are unable to win new awards or execute existing contracts as expected, our business, results of operations and financial position could be further adversely affected.

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The cyclical nature of the commercial satellite market could negatively impact our ability to accurately forecast customer demand. The markets that we serve may not grow in the future and we may not be able to maintain adequate gross margins or profits in these markets. Specifically, sales of the 1300 bus have historically been important to our results and there is no assurance that this market will continue to grow or demand levels will increase, nor is there assurance that the market for the Legion-class bus will offset any decreases in the market for the 1300 bus or provide future growth. Our growth is dependent on the growth in the sales of services provided by our customers, our customers’ ability to anticipate market trends, and our ability to anticipate changes in the businesses of our customers and to successfully identify and enter new markets. If we fail to anticipate such changes in demand, our business, results of operations and financial position could be adversely affected.

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As part of our U.S. Domestication we believe that we will continue to be capitalize on projected benefits within the Space Infrastructure segment. These benefits include anticipated growth within our U.S. government customer base as well as diversifying into national and civil missions. The failure to do so may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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The satellite manufacturing industry is characterized by development of technologies to meet changing customer demand for complex and reliable services. Our systems embody complex technology and may not always be compatible with current and evolving technical standards and systems developed by others. Failure or delays to meet or comply with the requisite and evolving industry or user standards could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may be unable to successfully complete the sale of MDA.

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On December 29, 2019, we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (“MDA Agreement”) with Neptune Acquisition Inc., a corporation existing under the laws of the Province of British Columbia and an affiliate of Northern Private Capital Ltd (“MDA Purchaser”) that provides for, among other things, the MDA Purchaser to purchase the MDA business, our Canadian subsidiary, from us for an aggregate purchase price of approximately C$1.0 billion. As the purchase price is in CAD this exposes us to foreign currency fluctuation risk. In connection with the MDA Agreement, on February 11, 2020, we entered into deal-contingent foreign currency hedge arrangements, with no cash cost, to hedge 50% of the Canadian dollar denominated sales price at a spot rate of $1.338362 to C$1.00, if the closing date occurs on or before June 29, 2020.

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The closing of the MDA Transaction is also conditioned on customary closing conditions and on specified regulatory approvals, including review by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, Hart-Scott-Rodino review by the U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, and Canadian government reviews under the Radiocommunication Act and the Competition Act. The closing of the MDA Transaction is not subject to a financing condition.

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The MDA Agreement contains specified termination rights for each of Maxar and the MDA Purchaser, including, among others, if the consummation of the MDA Transaction has not occurred by June 29, 2020, subject to extension to September 29, 2020 for the purpose of obtaining regulatory approvals in the U.S. and Canada and appealing any injunctions preventing the consummation of the Transaction. Additionally, Maxar may terminate the MDA Agreement if all of the conditions to closing of the MDA Transaction (other than those conditions that by their terms are to be satisfied at closing) have been satisfied or waived, Maxar has confirmed in writing to the MDA Purchaser that Sellers stand ready, willing and able to consummate the MDA Transaction and the MDA Purchaser fails to consummate the Transaction within two business days of receipt of such notice from Maxar. If we are unable to complete the MDA Transaction, there is no guarantee we will find a suitable buyer.

The sale may also result in disruption to other parts of our business, including through the diversion of resources and management attention from our ongoing business and other strategic matters, or through the disruption of relationships with our employees and key vendors. Further, in connection with the disposition, we plan to enter into a Transition Services Agreement pursuant to which the MDA Purchaser will receive certain services (the “Services”). The Services will be provided at a cost for a period of up to 12 months from the closing date of the MDA Transaction, with an option to extend for six months for certain services. As a result of the MDA Transaction, we will also undertake certain indemnities and other obligations that may result in additional expenses for us.

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A delay or failure to sell MDA to the MDA Purchaser or any other potential buyer could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or results of operations.

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Our business with various governmental entities is subject to the policies, priorities, regulations, mandates, and funding levels of such governmental entities and may be negatively or positively impacted by any change thereto.

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Changes in government policies, priorities, regulations, use of commercial data providers to meet U.S. government imagery needs, government agency mandates, funding levels through agency budget reductions, the imposition of budgetary constraints or a decline in government support or deferment of funding for programs in which we or our customers participate could result in contract terminations, delays in contract awards, reduction in contract scope, performance penalties or breaches of our contracts, the failure to exercise contract options, the cancellation of planned procurements and fewer new business opportunities, all of which could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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We are subject to the procurement policies and procedures set forth in the Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”). FAR governs all aspects of government contracting, including contractor qualifications and acquisition procedures. The FAR provisions in U.S. government contracts must be complied with in order for the contract to be awarded and provides for audits and reviews of contract procurement, performance and administration. Failure to comply with the provisions of FAR could result in contract termination.

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In addition, contracts with any government, including the U.S. or Canadian government, may be terminated or suspended by the government at any time and could result in significant liability obligations for us. We seek to have in place as standard provisions, termination for convenience language which reimburses us for reasonable costs incurred, subcontractor and employee termination and wind-down costs plus a reasonable amount of profit thereon. However, reparations for termination may fall short of the financial benefit associated with full completion and operation of a contract. In addition, we may not be able to procure new contracts to offset the revenue or backlog lost as a result of any termination of government contracts. The loss of one or more large contracts could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

New satellites are subject to construction and launch delays, launch failures, damage or destruction during launch, the occurrence of which can materially and adversely affect our operations.

Delays in the construction of future satellites and the procurement of requisite components and launch vehicles, limited availability of appropriate launch windows, possible delays in obtaining regulatory approvals, satellite damage or destruction during launch, launch failures, or incorrect orbital placement could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The loss of, or damage to, a satellite due to a launch failure could result in significant delays in anticipated revenue to be generated by that satellite. Any significant delay in the commencement of service of a satellite would delay or potentially permanently reduce the revenue anticipated to be generated by that satellite. In addition, if the loss of a satellite were to occur, we may not be able to accommodate affected customers with our other satellites or data from another source until a replacement satellite is available, and we may not have on hand, or be able to obtain in a timely manner, the necessary funds to cover the cost of any necessary satellite replacement. Any launch delay, launch failure, underperformance, delay or perceived delay could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, business prospects and financial condition.

If our satellites fail to operate as intended, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The manufacturing, testing, launching and operation of satellites involves complex processes and technology. Our satellites employ advanced technologies and sensors that are exposed to severe environmental stresses in space that have and could affect the performance of our satellite. Hardware component problems in space could lead to deterioration in performance or loss of functionality of a satellite. In addition, human operators may execute improper implementation commands that may negatively impact a satellite’s performance. Exposure of our satellites to an unanticipated catastrophic event, such as a meteor shower or a collision with space debris, could reduce the performance of, or completely destroy, the affected satellite. In December 2018, our WorldView-4 satellite experienced a failure in its control moment gyros, preventing the satellite from collecting imagery.

We cannot provide assurances that our satellites will continue to operate successfully in space throughout their expected operational lives. Even if a satellite is operated properly, technical flaws in that satellite’s sensors or other technical deficiencies or anomalies could significantly hinder its performance, which could materially affect our ability to collect imagery and market our products and services successfully. While some anomalies are covered by insurance policies, others are not or may not be covered, or may be subject to large deductibles.

If we suffer a partial or total loss of a deployed satellite, we would need a significant amount of time and would incur substantial expense to replace that satellite. We may experience other problems with our satellites that may reduce their performance. During any period of time in which a satellite is not fully operational, we may lose most or all of the revenue that otherwise would have been derived from that satellite. Our inability to repair or replace a defective satellite or correct any other technical problem in a timely manner could result in a significant loss of revenue. If a satellite experiences a significant anomaly such that it becomes impaired or is no longer functional, it would significantly impact our business, prospects and profitability. Additionally, our review of satellite lives could extend or shorten the depreciable lives of our satellites, which would have an impact on the depreciation we recognize.

Loss of, or damage to, a satellite and the failure to obtain data or alternate sources of data for our products may have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

In the Earth Intelligence segment, we rely on data collected from a number of sources including data obtained from satellites. We may become unable or limited in our ability to collect such data. For example, satellites can temporarily go out of service and be recovered, or cease to function for reasons beyond our control, including the quality of design and construction, the supply of fuel, the expected gradual environmental degradation of solar panels, the durability of various satellite components and the orbits and space environments in which the satellites are placed and operated. Electrostatic storms or collisions with other objects could also damage the satellites. Additionally, in certain instances, governments may discontinue for periods of time the access to or operation of a satellite for any particular area on the Earth and for various reasons may not permit transmission of certain data, whether from a satellite owned by the government or not.

We cannot offer assurances that each of our satellites will remain in operation. Our satellites have certain redundant systems which can fail partially or in their entirety and accordingly satellites may operate for extended periods without all redundant systems in operation, but with single points of failure. The failure of satellite components could cause damage to or loss of the use of a satellite before the end of its expected operational life. Certain of our satellites are nearing the end of their expected operational lives and we expect the performance of each satellite to decline gradually near the end of its expected operational life. We can offer no assurance that our satellites will maintain their prescribed orbits or remain operational and we may not have replacement satellites that are immediately available.

Interruption or failure of our infrastructure could hurt our ability to effectively perform our daily operations and provide and produce our products and services, which could damage our reputation and harm our operating results.

We are vulnerable to natural disasters and significant disruptions including tsunamis, floods, earthquakes, fires, water shortages, other extreme weather conditions, epidemics or pandemics, acts of terrorism, power shortages and blackouts, and telecommunications failures. In the event of such a natural disaster or other disruption, we could experience:

disruptions to our operations or the operations of suppliers, subcontractors, distributors or customers; destruction of facilities; and/ or loss of life.

The availability of many of our products and services depends on the continuing operation of our satellite operations infrastructure, satellite manufacturing operations, information technology and communications systems. Any downtime, damage to or failure of our systems could result in interruptions in our service, which could reduce our revenue and profits. Our systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from floods, fires, power loss, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, computer denial of service attacks or other attempts to harm our systems. We do not currently maintain a back-up production facility from which we can continue to collect, process and deliver imagery in the event of the loss of our primary facility. In the event we are unable to collect, process and deliver imagery from our facility, our daily operations and operating results would be materially and adversely affected. In addition, our ground terminal centers are vulnerable to damage or interruption from human error, intentional bad acts, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, war, terrorist attacks, power losses, hardware failures, systems failures, telecommunications failures and similar events. Our satellite manufacturing operations are located in California in proximity to the San Andreas fault line, one of the longest and most heavily populated earthquake-prone rifts in the world. We do not maintain back-up manufacturing facilities or operations.

The occurrence of any of the foregoing could result in lengthy interruptions in our services and/or damage our reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Any significant disruption in or unauthorized access to our computer systems or those of third parties that we utilize in our operations, including those relating to cybersecurity or arising from cyber-attacks, could result in a loss or degradation of service, unauthorized disclosure of data, or theft or tampering of intellectual property, any of which could materially adversely impact our business.

Our operations, products, solutions, analysis, and intellectual property are inherently at risk of disruption, loss, inappropriate access, or tampering by both insider threats and external bad actors. In particular, our operations face various cyber and other security threats, including attempts to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information, intellectual property, mission operations, and networks. Our systems (internal, customer, and partner systems) and assets may also be subject to damage or interruption from natural and other disaster events like, earthquakes, adverse weather conditions, terrorist attacks, power loss, and telecommunications failures. In addition, insider threats, threats to the safety of our directors, and employees, threats to the security of our facilities, infrastructure and supply chain and threats from terrorist acts or other acts of aggression could have a material adverse impact on our business.

Our products, solutions, and analysis that we develop and or delivery to our customers are also at risk of disruption, loss, or tampering. The integrity of the data (e.g., pixels), information and analysis in our products and services is at risk to be manipulated either before or after delivery to a customer.

Our customers and partners (including our supply chain and joint ventures) face similar threats. Customer or partner proprietary, classified, or sensitive information stored on our networks is at risk. Assets and intellectual property and products in customer or partner environments are also inherently at risk. We also have risk where we have access to customer and partner networks and face risks of breach, disruption or loss as well. Our supply chain for products and services also is becoming more diverse and therefore the risk is growing.

While we have implemented certain systems and processes to help thwart bad actors and protect our data and our systems and assets, the techniques used to gain unauthorized access are constantly evolving, and we may be unable to anticipate or prevent all unauthorized access, disruption, loss, or harm. Because of our highly desired intellectual property and our support of the U.S. government and other governments, we (and/or partners we use) may be a particularly attractive target for such attacks by hostile foreign governments. From time to time, we have experienced attacks on our systems from bad actors that, to date, have not had a material adverse effect on our business. We cannot offer assurances, however, that future attacks will not materially adversely affect our business.

A security event or other significant disruption of our systems, assets, products or solutions could:

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A security event that involves classified or other sensitive government information or certain controlled technical information, could subject us to civil or criminal penalties and could result in loss of our secure facility clearance and other accreditations, loss of our government contracts, loss of access to classified information, loss of export privileges or debarment as a government contractor. The risk that these types of events could seriously harm our business is likely to increase as we expand the number of web-based products and services we offer as well as increase the number of countries within which we do business.

We are a party to legal proceedings, investigations and other claims or disputes, which are costly to defend and, if determined adversely to us, could require us to pay fines or damages, undertake remedial measures or prevent us from taking certain actions, any of which could adversely affect our business.

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We are, and in the future may be, a party to legal proceedings, investigations and other claims or disputes, which may relate to subjects including commercial transactions, intellectual property, securities, employee relations, or compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

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For instance, we are currently defending against a claim in arbitration that we improperly terminated a contract with a Ukrainian customer in response to the force majeure event caused by the annexation of Crimea, and seeking recovery from us in the amount of approximately $227 million. This matter was heard by the arbitration panel in December 2019, and we are awaiting a decision. In addition, in January 2019, a Maxar stockholder filed a putative class action lawsuit in the Federal District Court of Colorado, naming Maxar and members of management as defendants alleging, among other things, that our public disclosures were false or misleading in violation of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 and seeking monetary damages. An amended consolidated complaint was filed in that case in October 2019. Also, in January 2019, a Maxar stockholder resident in Canada issued a putative class action lawsuit in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against Maxar and members of management claiming misrepresentations in Maxar’s public disclosures and seeking monetary damages under Canadian securities laws. In November 2019, a second putative class action lawsuit was issued by the same Maxar stockholder resident in Canada, adding a second representative plaintiff and three additional defendants, including the Company’s auditor KPMG LLP. The second claim expands the proposed class period and the breadth of the allegations against the Company. In February 2020, the January 2019 claim was discontinued. In October 2019, a Maxar stockholder filed a putative class action lawsuit in California state court, naming Maxar and certain members of management and the board of directors as defendants. The lawsuit is based upon many of the same underlying factual allegations as the federal putative class action, but asserts claims under the Securities Act of 1933. In November 2019, a purported derivative complaint was filed against the board of directors in the District of Delaware, also based on the same factual allegations as the federal putative class action.

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These legal proceedings could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources and could harm our stock price, business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition. These and other legal proceedings and investigations are inherently uncertain and we cannot predict their duration, scope, outcome or consequences. There can be no assurance that these or any such matters that have been or may in the future be brought against us will be resolved favorably. In connection with any government investigations, in the event the government

takes action against us or the parties resolve or settle the matter, we may be required to pay substantial fines or civil and criminal penalties and/or be subject to equitable remedies, including disgorgement or injunctive relief. Other legal or regulatory proceedings, including lawsuits filed by private litigants, may also follow as a consequence. These matters are likely to be expensive and time-consuming to defend, settle and/or resolve, and may require us to implement certain remedial measures that could prove costly or disruptive to our business and operations. They may also cause damage to our business reputation. The unfavorable resolution of one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

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Future acquisitions or divestitures could result in adverse impacts on our operations.

In order to grow our business, we may seek to acquire additional assets or companies. There can be no assurance that we will be able to identify, acquire, obtain the required regulatory approvals, or profitably manage additional businesses or successfully integrate any acquired businesses, products or technologies without substantial expenses, delays or other operational, regulatory, or financial problems. In addition, any acquired businesses, products or technologies may not achieve anticipated revenues and income growth. Further, acquisitions may involve a number of additional risks, including diversion of management’s attention, failure to retain key personnel, or failure to attract the necessary talent to manage organizational growth. We may become responsible for unexpected liabilities that were not discovered or disclosed in the course of due diligence in connection with historical acquisitions and any future acquisitions. If we do not realize the expected benefits or synergies of an acquisition, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may also seek to divest portions of our businesses which may no longer be aligned with our strategic initiatives and long-term objectives. Various factors could materially affect our ability to successfully do so, including the availability of buyers willing to purchase the assets on terms acceptable to us, difficulties in the separation of operations, the diversion of management's attention from other business concerns, the disruption of our business, the potential loss of key employees and the retention of uncertain contingent liabilities related to the divested business. We cannot assure that we will be successful in managing these or any other significant risks that we encounter in divesting a business or product line, and any divestiture we undertake could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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Our business with various governmental entities is concentrated in a small number of primary contracts. The loss or reduction in scope of any one of our primary contracts would materially reduce our revenue.

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Our business with various governmental entities is concentrated in a small number of primary contracts. We recognize significant revenue from U.S. government agencies and a significant amount of our U.S. government revenue is generated from a single contract, the EnhancedView Contract. The EnhancedView Contract is a service level agreement to provide image-tasking capacity on our satellites, and other imagery-derived products and services to the U.S. government. Our ability to service other customers could be negatively impacted if we are unable to maintain our current collection capacity. In addition, any inability on our part to meet the performance requirements of the EnhancedView Contract could result in a performance penalty or breach of that contract. A breach of our contract with government customers or reduction in service to our other customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The U.S. government may also terminate or suspend our contracts, including the EnhancedView Contract, at any time with or without cause. Additionally, any changes in the size, scope or term of the EnhancedView Contract could impact our satellite replenishment strategy and our ability to repay or refinance our long-term debt. Although our contracts generally involve fixed annual minimum commitments, such commitments, along with all other contracts with the U.S. government, are subject to annual Congressional appropriations and the federal budget process, and as a result, the U.S. government may not continue to fund these contracts at current or anticipated levels. Similarly, our contracts in Canada and other jurisdictions are also subject to government procurement policies and procedures.

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Disruptions in U.S. government operations and funding could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, earnings and cash flows and otherwise adversely affect our financial condition.

Any disruptions in federal government operations could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, earnings and cash flows. A prolonged failure to maintain significant U.S. government operations, particularly those pertaining to our business, could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, earnings and cash flows. Continued uncertainty related to recent and future U.S. federal government shutdowns, the U.S. budget and/or failure of the U.S. government to enact annual appropriations could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, earnings and cash flows. Additionally, disruptions in federal government operations may negatively impact regulatory approvals and guidance that are important to our operations.

Changes in U.S. government policy regarding use of commercial data or Space Infrastructure providers, or material delay or cancellation of certain U.S. government programs, may have a material adverse effect on our revenue and our ability to achieve our growth objectives.

Current U.S. government policy encourages the U.S. government’s use of commercial data and Space Infrastructure providers to support U.S. national security objectives. Under the EnhancedView Contract, our contractual counterparty acquires imagery and imagery-derived products on behalf of our customers within the U.S. government. We are considered by the U.S. government to be a commercial data provider. U.S. government policy is subject to change and any change in policy away from supporting the use of commercial data and Space Infrastructure providers to meet U.S. government imagery and Space Infrastructure needs, or any material delay or cancellation of planned U.S. government programs, including the EnhancedView Contract, could materially adversely affect our revenue and our ability to achieve our growth objectives.

We face competition that may cause us to have to either reduce our prices for imagery and related products and services or to lose market share.

Our products and services compete with satellite and aerial imagery and related products and services offered by a range of private and government providers. Our current or future competitors may have superior technologies or greater financial, personnel and other resources than we have. The value of our imagery may also be diluted by Earth imagery that is available free of charge.

The U.S. government and foreign governments may develop, construct, launch and operate their own imagery satellites, which could reduce their need to rely on us and other commercial suppliers. In addition, such governments could sell or provide free of charge Earth imagery from their satellites and thereby compete with our imagery products and services. Also, governments may at times make our imagery freely available for humanitarian purposes, which could impair our revenue growth with non-governmental organizations. These governments could also subsidize the development, launch and operation of imagery satellites by our current or future competitors.

Our competitors or potential competitors could, in the future, offer satellite-based imagery or other products and services with more attractive features than our products and services. The emergence of new remote imaging technologies or the continued growth of low-cost imaging satellites, could negatively affect our marketing efforts. More importantly, if competitors develop and launch satellites or other imagery-content sources with more advanced capabilities and technologies than ours, or offer products and services at lower prices than ours, our business and results of operations could be harmed. Due to competitive pricing pressures, such as new product introductions by us or our competitors or other factors, the selling price of our products and services may further decrease. If we are unable to offset decreases in our average selling prices by increasing our sales volumes or by adjusting our product mix, our revenue and operating margins may decline and our financial position may be harmed.

We operate in highly competitive industries and in various jurisdictions across the world which may cause us to have to reduce our prices.

We operate in highly competitive industries and many of our competitors are larger and have substantially greater resources than we have. Our primary competitors for satellite manufacturing contracts include the Boeing Company,

Lockheed Martin Corporation, Northrop Grumman Corporation in the United States, and Thales S.A. and Airbus Defence and Space, a subsidiary of the Airbus Group, in Europe. We may also face competition in the future from emerging low-cost competitors in India, Russia and China. Competition in our Imaging and Services business is highly diverse, and while our competitors offer different products, there is often competition for contracts that are part of governmental budgets. Our major existing and potential competitors for our Imagery business include commercial satellite imagery companies, state-owned imagery providers, aerial imagery companies, free sources of imagery, and unmanned aerial vehicles. Our Services segment faces competition from companies that provide geospatial analytic information and services to the U.S. government, including defense prime contractors such as L3Harris and Booz Allen Hamilton.

In addition, some of our foreign competitors currently benefit from, and others may benefit in the future from, protective measures by their home countries where governments are providing financial support, including significant investments in the development of new technologies. Government support of this nature greatly reduces the commercial risks associated with satellite development activities for these competitors. This market environment may result in increased pressures on our pricing and other competitive factors.

We may be required to recognize impairment charges.

Long-lived assets, including goodwill and intangible assets, are tested annually for impairment in the fourth quarter or whenever there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. In the past, we have recognized significant impairment losses related to goodwill, intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, inventory and orbital receivables.

Disruptions to our business, unexpected significant declines in our operating results, adverse technological events or changes in the regulatory markets in which we operate, and significant declines in our stock price have resulted and may result in further impairment charges to our tangible and intangible assets. Any future impairment charges could substantially affect our reported results.

Uncertain global macro-economic and political conditions could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our results of operations are materially affected by economic and political conditions in the United States, Canada and internationally, including inflation, deflation, interest rates, availability of capital, energy and commodity prices, trade laws, and the effects of governmental initiatives to manage economic conditions. Current or potential customers may delay or decrease spending on our products and services as their business and/or budgets are impacted by economic conditions. The inability of current and potential customers to pay us for our products and services may adversely affect our earnings and cash flows.

Our business involves significant risks and uncertainties that may not be covered by insurance.

A significant portion of our business relates to designing, developing and manufacturing advanced space technology products and systems. New technologies may be untested or unproven. Failure of some of these products and services could result in extensive property damage. Accordingly, we may incur liabilities that are unique to our products and services.

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We endeavor to obtain insurance coverage from established insurance carriers to cover these risks and liabilities. However, the amount of insurance coverage that we maintain may not be adequate to cover all claims or liabilities. Existing coverage may be canceled while we remain exposed to the risk and it is not possible to obtain insurance to protect against all operational risks, natural hazards and liabilities.

We have historically insured satellites in our constellation to the extent that insurance was available on acceptable premiums and other terms. The insurance proceeds received in connection with a partial or total loss of the functional capacity of any of our satellites would not be sufficient to cover the replacement cost, if we choose to do so, of an equivalent high-resolution satellite. In addition, this insurance will not protect us against all losses to our satellites due to

specified exclusions, deductibles and material change limitations and it may be difficult to insure against certain risks, including a partial deterioration in satellite performance and satellite re-entry.

The price and availability of insurance fluctuate significantly. Although we have historically been able to obtain insurance coverage for in-orbit satellites, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so in the future. We intend to maintain insurance for our operating satellites, but any determination we make as to whether to obtain insurance coverage will depend on a variety of factors, including the availability of insurance in the market, the cost of available insurance and the redundancy of our operating satellites. Insurance market conditions or factors outside our control at the time we are in the market for the required insurance, such as failure of a satellite using similar components, could cause premiums to be significantly higher than current estimates and could reduce amounts of available coverage. The cost of our insurance has been increasing and may continue to increase. Higher premiums on insurance policies will reduce our operating income by the amount of such increased premiums. If the terms of in-orbit insurance policies become less favorable than those currently available, there may be limits on the amount of coverage that we can obtain or we may not be able to obtain insurance at all.

In addition, even though we carry business interruption insurance policies, any business interruption losses could exceed the coverage available or be excluded from our insurance policies. Any disruption of our ability to operate our business could result in a material decrease in our revenues or significant additional costs to replace, repair or insure our assets, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

We often rely on a single vendor or a limited number of vendors to provide certain key products or services and the inability of these key vendors to meet our needs could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Historically, we have contracted with a single vendor or a limited number of vendors to provide certain key products or services, such as construction of satellites and launch vehicles, and management of certain remote ground terminals and direct access facilities. In addition, our manufacturing operations depend on specific technologies and companies for which there may be a limited number of vendors. If these vendors are unable to meet our needs because they fail to perform adequately, are unable to match new technological requirements or problems, or are unable to dedicate engineering and other resources necessary to provide the services contracted for, our business, financial position and results of operations may be adversely affected. While alternative sources for these products, services and technologies may exist, we may not be able to develop these alternative sources quickly and cost-effectively, which could materially impair our ability to operate our business. Furthermore, these vendors may request changes in pricing, payment terms or other contractual obligations, which could cause us to make substantial additional investments.

Disruptions in the supply of key raw materials or components and difficulties in the supplier qualification process, as well as increases in prices of raw materials, could adversely impact us.

Many raw materials, major components and product equipment items, particularly in our Space Infrastructure segment, are procured or subcontracted on a single or sole-source basis. Although we maintain a qualification and performance surveillance process and we believe that sources of supply for raw materials and components are generally adequate, it is difficult to predict what effects shortages or price increases may have in the future. Our ability to manage inventory and meet delivery requirements may be constrained by our suppliers’ inability to scale production and adjust delivery of long-lead time products during times of volatile demand. Our inability to fill our supply needs would jeopardize our ability to fulfill obligations under commercial and government contracts, which could, in turn, result in reduced sales and profits, contract penalties or terminations, and damage to customer relationships and could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.

Key raw materials used in our operations include metals such as aluminum and titanium, which are usually procured by our suppliers who manufacture parts in accordance with our drawings. We also purchase materials such as chemicals; composites; electronic, electro-mechanical and mechanical components; subassemblies; and subsystems that are integrated with the manufactured parts for final assembly into finished products and systems. We are impacted by increases in the prices of raw materials used in production on fixed-price business.

We monitor sources of supply to attempt to assure that adequate raw materials and other supplies needed in manufacturing processes are available.

Although we have not experienced significant difficulty in our ability to procure raw materials, components, sub-assemblies and other supplies required in our manufacturing processes, prolonged disruptions in the supply of any of our key raw materials or components, difficulty completing qualification of new sources of supply, implementing use of replacement materials, components or new sources of supply, or a continuing increase in the prices of raw materials, energy or components could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.

We are dependent on resellers of our products and services for a portion of our revenue. If these resellers fail to market or sell our products and services successfully, our business could be harmed.

The Earth Intelligence segment has historically generated a portion of its revenue from foreign and domestic resellers. In the Earth Intelligence segment, we rely on foreign resellers and partners to market and sell the majority of our products and services in the international market. Our foreign resellers and partners may not have the skill or experience to develop regional commercial markets for our products and services, or may have competing interests that negatively affect their sales of our products and services. If we fail to enter into reseller agreements on a timely basis or if our resellers and partners fail to market and sell our products and services successfully, these failures could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be successful in developing new technology and the technology we are successful in developing may not meet the needs of our customers or potential new customers.

The markets in which we operate are characterized by changing technology and evolving industry standards. Despite years of experience in meeting customer systems requirements with the latest in technological solutions, we may not be successful in identifying, developing and marketing products or systems that respond to rapid technological change, evolving technical standards and systems developed by others. Our competitors may develop technology that better meets the needs of our customers. If we do not continue to develop, manufacture and market innovative technologies or applications that meet customers’ requirements, sales may suffer and our business may not continue to grow in line with historical rates or at all. If we are unable to achieve sustained growth, we may be unable to execute our business strategy, expand our business or fund other liquidity needs and our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Our technology may violate the proprietary rights of third parties and our intellectual property may be misappropriated or infringed upon by third parties, each of which could have a negative impact on our operations.

If any of our technology violates proprietary rights, including copyrights and patents, third parties may assert infringement claims against us. Certain software modules and other intellectual property used by us or in our satellites, systems and products make use of or incorporate licensed software components and other licensed technology. These components are developed by third parties over whom we have no control. Any claims brought against us may result in limitations on our ability to use the intellectual property subject to these claims. We may be required to redesign our satellites, systems or products or to obtain licenses from third parties to continue offering our satellites, systems or products without substantially re-engineering such products or systems.

Our intellectual property rights may be invalidated, circumvented, challenged, infringed or required to be licensed to others. An infringement or misappropriation could harm any competitive advantage we currently derive or may derive from our proprietary rights.

To protect our proprietary rights, we rely on a combination of patent protections, copyrights, trade secrets, trademark laws, confidentiality agreements with employees and third parties, and protective contractual provisions such as those contained in license agreements with consultants, subcontractors, vendors and customers. Although we apply rigorous standards, documents and processes to protect our intellectual property, there is no absolute assurance that the steps taken to protect our technology will prevent misappropriation or infringement. Litigation may be necessary to enforce or protect our intellectual property rights, our trade secrets or determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of

others. Such litigation may be time-consuming and expensive to prosecute or defend and could result in the diversion of our time and resources. In addition, competitors may design around our technology or develop competing technologies.

The market may not accept our imagery products and services. Our historic growth rates should not be relied upon as an indicator of future growth.

We cannot accurately predict whether our products and services will achieve significant market acceptance or whether there will be a market for our products and services on terms we find acceptable. Market acceptance of our commercial high-resolution Earth imagery and related products and services depends on a number of factors, including the quality, scope, timeliness, sophistication, price and the availability of substitute products and services. Lack of significant market acceptance of our offerings, or other products and services that utilize our imagery, delays in acceptance, failure of certain markets to develop or our need to make significant investments to achieve acceptance by the market would negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may not continue to grow in line with historical rates or at all. If we are unable to achieve sustained growth, we may be unable to execute our business strategy, expand our business or fund other liquidity needs and our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We are dependent on our ability to attract, train and retain employees. Our inability to do so, or the loss of key personnel, would cause serious harm to our business.

Our success is largely dependent on the abilities and experience of our executive officers and other key personnel to oversee all aspects of our operations and to deliver on our corporate strategies. Competition for highly skilled management, technical, research and development and other personnel is intense in our industry. In order to maintain our ability to compete, we must continuously retain the services of a core group of specialists in a wide variety of disciplines. To the extent that the demand for qualified personnel exceeds supply, we could experience higher labor, recruiting or training costs in order to attract and retain such employees, or could experience difficulties in performing under contracts if our need for such employees is unmet. We may not be able to retain our current executive officers or key personnel or attract and retain additional executive officers or key personnel as needed to deliver on our corporate strategy. Furthermore, the recent volatility in our stock price may undermine the use of our equity as a retention tool and may make it more difficult to retain key personnel.

Our revenue, results of operations and reputation may be negatively impacted if our products contain defects or fail to operate in the expected manner.

We sell complex and technologically advanced systems, including satellites, products, hardware and software. Sophisticated software, including software developed by us, may contain defects that can unexpectedly interfere with the software’s intended operation. Defects may also occur in components and products that we manufacture or purchase from third parties. Most of the satellites and systems we have developed must function under demanding and unpredictable operating conditions and in harsh and potentially destructive environments. In addition, we may agree to the in-orbit delivery of a satellite, adding further risks to our ability to perform under a contract. Failure to achieve successful in-orbit delivery could result in significant penalties and other obligations on us. We employ sophisticated design and testing processes and practices, which include a range of stringent factory and on-site acceptance tests with criteria and requirements that are jointly developed with customers. Our systems may not be successfully implemented, pass required acceptance criteria, or operate or give the desired output, or we may not be able to detect and fix all defects in the satellites, products, hardware and software we sell or resolve any delays or availability issues in the launch services we procure. Failure to do so could result in lost revenue and damage to our reputation and may adversely affect our ability to win new contract awards.

Some of our and our suppliers’ workforces are represented by labor unions, which may lead to work stoppages.

Some of the employees of our MDA business in Canada are represented by labor unions. We may experience work stoppages organized by labor unions, which could adversely affect our business. We cannot predict how stable our relationships with labor unions will be or whether we will be able to meet the labor unions’ requirements without impacting our financial condition. The labor unions may also limit our flexibility in dealing with our workforce. Labor

union actions at suppliers can also affect us. Work stoppages and instability in our relationships with labor unions could delay the production and/or development of our products, which could strain relationships with customers and cause a loss of revenues which would adversely affect our operations.

Changes in our accounting estimates and assumptions could negatively affect our financial position and results of operations.

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These accounting principles require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements. We are also required to make certain judgments that affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during each reporting period. We periodically evaluate our estimates and assumptions including, but not limited to, those relating to revenue recognition, including our long-term contracts accounted for utilizing the cost-to-cost method, restructuring costs, recoverability of assets including customer receivables, valuation of goodwill and intangibles, contingencies, stock-based compensation and income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable based on specific circumstances. These assumptions and estimates involve the exercise of judgment and discretion, which may evolve over time in light of operational experience, regulatory direction, developments in accounting principles and other factors. Actual results could differ from these estimates as a result of changes in circumstances, assumptions, policies or developments in the business, which could materially affect our consolidated financial statements.

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Pension and other postretirement benefit obligations may materially impact our earnings, stockholders’ equity and cash flows from operations, and could have significant adverse impacts in future periods.

We maintain defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefits plans for some of our employees. Potential pension contributions include discretionary contributions to improve the plans’ funded status. The extent of future contributions depends heavily on market factors such as the discount rate and the actual return on plan assets. We estimate future contributions to these plans using assumptions with respect to these and other items. Changes to those assumptions could have a significant effect on future contributions, annual pension and other postretirement costs, the value of plan assets and our benefit obligations.

Significant changes in actual return on pension assets, discount rates, and other factors could adversely affect our results of operations and require cash pension contributions in future periods. Changes in discount rates and actual asset returns different than our expected asset returns can result in significant non-cash actuarial gains or losses which we record in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year and, if applicable, in any quarter in which an interim re-measurement is triggered. With regard to cash pension contributions, funding requirements for our pension plans are largely dependent upon interest rates, actual investment returns on pension assets and the impact of legislative or regulatory changes related to pension funding obligations.

We also provide other postretirement benefits to certain of our employees, consisting principally of health care, dental and life insurance for eligible retirees and qualifying dependents. Our estimates of future costs associated with these benefits are also subject to assumptions, including estimates of the level of medical cost increases and discount rates.

For a discussion regarding how our financial statements can be affected by pension and other postretirement plan accounting policies, see Part II, Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates could have a negative impact on our business.

Our revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars for the purposes of compiling our consolidated financial statements. We use hedging strategies to manage and minimize the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on our cash flow and economic profits, including our foreign exchange exposure related to the sale of MDA. There are complexities inherent in determining whether and when foreign exchange exposures will materialize, in particular given the possibility of unpredictable revenue variations arising from schedule delays and contract postponements. Furthermore, we could be exposed to the risk of non-

performance of our hedging counterparties. We may also have difficulty in fully implementing our hedging strategy depending on the willingness of hedging counterparties to extend credit. Accordingly, no assurances may be given that our exchange rate hedging strategy will protect us from significant changes or fluctuations in revenues and expenses denominated in non-Canadian or U.S. dollars.

Our restructuring activities and cost saving initiatives may not achieve the results we anticipate.

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We have undertaken cost reduction initiatives and organizational restructurings to improve operating efficiencies, optimize our asset base and generate cost savings. For example, we have recently undertaken restructuring plans intended to reduce headcount and implement other efficiency initiatives. We cannot be certain that we will be able to complete these initiatives as planned or without business interruption, that these initiatives will not generate additional costs, such as severance or other charges, or that the estimated operating efficiencies or cost savings from such activities will be fully realized or maintained over time.

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Risks Related to Our Indebtedness and Our Common Stock

Our business is capital intensive, and we may not be able to raise adequate capital to finance our business strategies, including funding future satellites, or we may be able to do so only on terms that significantly restrict our ability to operate our business.

The implementation of our business strategies, such as expanding our satellite constellation and our products and services offerings, requires a substantial outlay of capital. As we pursue our business strategies and seek to respond to opportunities and trends in our industry, our actual capital expenditures may differ from our expected capital expenditures, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to satisfy our capital requirements in the future. We are highly leveraged, but we currently expect that our ongoing liquidity requirements for sustaining our operations will be satisfied by cash on hand and cash generated from our existing and future operations supplemented, where necessary, by available credit. However, we cannot provide assurances that our businesses will generate sufficient cash flow from operations in the future or that additional capital will be available in amounts sufficient to enable us to execute our business strategies. Our ability to increase our debt financing and/or renew existing credit facilities may be limited by our existing financial and non-financial covenants, credit objectives, or the conditions of the debt capital market generally. Furthermore, our current financing arrangements contain certain restrictive financial and non-financial covenants (e.g., the achievement or maintenance of stated financial ratios) that may impact our access to those facilities and significantly limit future operating and financial flexibility.

Our ability to obtain additional debt or equity financing or government grants to finance operating working capital requirements and growth initiatives may be limited or difficult to obtain, which could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

We need capital to finance operating working capital requirements and growth initiatives and to pay our outstanding debt obligations as they become due for payment. If the cash generated from our businesses, together with the credit available under existing bank facilities, is not sufficient to fund future capital requirements, we will require additional debt or equity financing. Our ability to access capital markets on terms that are acceptable to us will be dependent on prevailing market conditions, as well as our future financial condition. Further, our ability to increase our debt financing and/or renew existing facilities may be limited by our existing leverage, financial and non-financial covenants, credit objectives, and debt capital market conditions.

We have in the past, and may continue in the future to, receive government grants for research and development activities and other business initiatives. Any agreement or grant of this nature with government may be accompanied by contractual obligations applicable to us, which may result in the grant money becoming repayable if certain requirements are not met. A failure to meet contractual obligations under such agreements and grants and a consequent requirement to repay money received could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition.

Our substantial indebtedness and other contractual obligations could adversely affect our financial condition, our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, our ability to operate our business, our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry and our ability to pay our debts and could divert our cash flow from operations for debt payments.

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We have a significant amount of indebtedness and leverage. Our level of indebtedness increases the possibility that we may be unable to generate cash sufficient to pay the principal of, interest on, or other amounts due with respect to our indebtedness. Our long-term debt under our senior secured syndicated credit facility (“Syndicated Credit Facility”) bears interest at floating rates related to U.S. LIBOR (for U.S. dollar borrowings) and CDOR or Canadian Bankers’ Acceptances (for Canadian dollar borrowings), plus a margin. As a result, our interest payment obligations on such indebtedness will increase if such interest rates increase. Our leverage and debt service obligations could adversely impact our business, including by:

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Any of the forgoing factors could have negative consequences on our financial condition and results of operation.

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Changes affecting the availability of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) may have consequences for us that cannot yet reasonably be predicted.

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We have outstanding debt with variable interest rates based on LIBOR. In July 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit LIBOR rates after 2021. It is unclear if at that time whether or not LIBOR will cease to exist or if new methods of calculating LIBOR will be established such that it continues to exist after 2021. Recent proposals for LIBOR reforms may result in the establishment of new methods of calculating LIBOR or the establishment of one or more alternative benchmark rates.

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In the United States, the Alternative Reference Rate Committee ("ARRC"), a group of diverse private-market participants assembled by the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, was tasked with identifying alternative reference interest rates to replace LIBOR. The Secured Overnight Finance Rate ("SOFR") has emerged as the ARRC's preferred alternative rate for LIBOR. SOFR is a broad measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by Treasury securities in the repurchase agreement market. At this time, it is not possible to predict how markets will respond to SOFR.

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The uncertainty regarding the future of LIBOR, as well as the transition from LIBOR to another benchmark rate or rates could have adverse impacts on our outstanding debt that currently uses LIBOR as a benchmark rate, and ultimately, adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

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Our current financing arrangements contain certain restrictive covenants that impact our future operating and financial flexibility.

Our current financing arrangements contain certain restrictive covenants that may impact our future operating and financial flexibility. Our debt funding is provided under our financing agreements, which contains a series of positive and negative covenants with which we must comply, including financial and non-financial covenants. If we fail to comply with any covenants and are unable to obtain a waiver or other cure thereof, the lenders under the Syndicated Credit Facility or under the 2023 bond issuance may be able to take certain actions with respect to the amounts owing under such agreements, including early payment thereof. Any such actions could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. These covenants could also have the effect of limiting our flexibility in planning for or reacting to changes in our business and the markets in which we compete.

Our actual operating results may differ significantly from our guidance.

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From time to time, we release guidance regarding our future performance that represents our management’s estimates as of the date of release. This guidance, which consists of forward-looking statements, is prepared by our management and is qualified by, and subject to, the assumptions and the other information contained or referred to in the release. Our guidance is not prepared with a view toward compliance with published guidelines of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and neither any independent registered public accounting firm nor any other independent expert or outside party compiles, examines or reviews the guidance and, accordingly, no such person expresses any opinion or any other form of assurance with respect thereto.

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Guidance is based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that, while presented with numerical specificity, is inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control and are based upon specific assumptions with respect to future business decisions, some of which will change. We generally state possible outcomes as high and low ranges which are intended to provide a sensitivity analysis as variables are changed but are not intended to represent that actual results could not fall outside of these ranges. The principal reason that we release this data is to provide a basis for our management to discuss our business outlook with analysts and investors. We do not accept any responsibility for any projections or reports published by any such persons.

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Guidance is necessarily speculative in nature, and it can be expected that some or all of the assumptions of the guidance furnished by us will not materialize or will vary significantly from actual results, particularly any guidance relating to the results of operations of acquired businesses or companies as our management will be less familiar with their business, procedures and operations. Accordingly, our guidance is only an estimate of what management believes is realizable as of the date of release. Actual results will vary from the guidance and the variations may be material. Investors should also recognize that the reliability of any forecasted financial data will diminish the farther in the future that the data are forecast. In light of the foregoing, investors are urged to put the guidance in context and not to place undue reliance on it.

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Any failure to successfully implement our operating strategy or the occurrence of any of the events or circumstances set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 could result in the actual operating results being different than the guidance, and such differences may be adverse and material.

We could be adversely impacted by actions of activist stockholders, and such activism could impact the value of our securities.

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We value constructive input from our stockholders and the investment community. However, there is no assurance that the actions taken by our Board of Directors and management in seeking to maintain constructive engagement with our stockholders will be successful. Certain of our stockholders have expressed views with respect to the operation of our business, our business strategy, corporate governance considerations or other matters. Responding to actions by activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, disrupting our operations and diverting the attention of management and our employees. The perceived uncertainties as to our future direction due to activist actions could affect the market price of our stock, result in the loss of potential business opportunities and make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel, board members and business partners.

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The price of our common stock has been volatile and may fluctuate substantially.

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Our common stock is listed on the NYSE and the TSX and the price for our common stock has historically been volatile. The market price of our common stock may continue to be highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially due to the following factors (in addition to the other risk factors described in this section):

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In addition, the stock markets in general have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have at times been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the particular companies affected. These market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our common stock irrespective of our operating performance.

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The market price of our common stock recently experienced a significant decline from which it has not fully recovered. A significant or prolonged decrease in our market capitalization, including a decline in stock price, or a negative long-term performance outlook, could result in an impairment of our assets which results when the carrying value of our assets exceed their fair value.

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In the past several years, our securities have been the subject of short selling. Reports and information have been published about us that we believe are mischaracterized or incorrect, and which have in the past been followed by a decline in our stock price. If there are short seller allegations in the future, we may have to expend a significant amount of resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend ourselves.

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In addition, in the first quarter of 2019, we became subject to certain securities class action litigation as a result of volatility in the price of our common stock, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources and could harm our stock price, business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition. See Part II, Item 1, “Legal Proceedings” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

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If securities or industry analysts discontinue publishing research or reports about our business, or publish negative reports about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

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The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us, our business, our market and our competitors. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock or change their opinion of our stock, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

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Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws may impede or

discourage a takeover, changes in management or changes in the Board of Directors, which could reduce the market price of our common stock.

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Certain provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws may delay or prevent a third-party from acquiring control of us, even if a change in control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. These provisions include:

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These provisions could impede a merger, takeover or other business combination involving us or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer for our common stock, which, under certain circumstances, could reduce the market price of our common stock. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against our directors, officers and employees for breach of fiduciary duty and other similar actions may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware.

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There can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends on our common stock.

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Our Board of Directors significantly reduced our dividends in the first quarter of 2019. Although our Board of Directors has historically declared a quarterly cash dividend which we have paid, the payment of future dividends is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, and we may not pay quarterly dividends in the same amounts or at all in the future. The declaration, amount and timing of cash dividends are subject to capital availability and determinations by our Board of Directors that such dividends are in the best interest of our stockholders and are in compliance with all respective laws and applicable agreements. Our ability to pay dividends will depend upon, among other factors, our cash balances and potential future capital requirements for strategic transactions, including acquisitions, debt service requirements, results of operations, financial condition and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. The elimination of our dividend payments and/or our dividend program could have a negative effect on our stock price.

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Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Matters

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Our operations in the U.S. government market are subject to significant regulatory risk.

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Our operations in the U.S. government market are subject to significant government regulation. The costs associated with execution of our U.S. Access Plan are significant. A failure by us to maintain the relevant clearances and approvals could limit our ability to operate in the U.S. market. Further, there can be no assurance that we will continue to be awarded contracts by the U.S. government. In addition, a failure by us to keep current and compliant with relevant U.S.

regulations could result in fines, penalties, repayments, or suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracting or subcontracting for a period of time and could have an adverse effect on our standing and eligibility for future U.S. government contracts.

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Failure to comply with the requirements of the National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual could result in interruption, delay or suspension of our ability to provide our products and services, and could result in loss of current and future business with the U.S. government.

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We and our subsidiaries are parties to certain contracts with various departments and agencies of the U.S. government, including the U.S. Department of Defense, which require that certain of our legal entities be issued facility security clearances under the National Industrial Security Program. The National Industrial Security Program requires that a corporation maintaining a facility security clearance be effectively insulated from foreign ownership, control or influence (“FOCI”). Prior to the U.S. Domestication, we were incorporated under the laws of Canada, and had entered into a Security Control Agreement, dated January 26, 2017, by and among us, our wholly owned subsidiary, Maxar Technologies Holdings Inc. (“Maxar Holdings”) and the U.S. Department of Defense (“SCA”), as a suitable FOCI mitigation arrangement under the National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual. Upon U.S. Domestication, the SCA was dissolved and we entered into a Board Resolution to mitigate remaining FOCI risks as seen by the U.S. Government. Failure to maintain an agreement with the U.S. Department of Defense regarding the appropriate FOCI mitigation arrangement could result in invalidation or termination of the facility security clearances, which in turn would mean that our U.S. subsidiaries would not be able to enter into future contracts with the U.S. government requiring facility security clearances, and may result in the loss of the ability of those subsidiaries to complete existing contracts with the U.S. government.

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Our business is subject to various regulatory risks that could adversely affect our operations.

The environment in which we operate is highly regulated due to the sensitive nature of our complex and technologically advanced systems, including satellites, products, hardware and software, in addition to those regulations broadly applicable to publicly listed corporations. There are numerous regulatory risks that could adversely affect operations, including but not limited to:

Changes in tax law, in our tax rates or in exposure to additional income tax liabilities or assessments may materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Changes in law and policy relating to taxes may materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. For example, the U.S. enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“2017 Tax Act”), which has significantly changed the U.S. federal income taxation of U.S. corporations, including by reducing the U.S. corporate income tax rate, limiting interest deductions and certain deductions for executive compensation, permitting immediate expensing of certain capital expenditures, adopting elements of a territorial tax system, revising the rules governing net operating losses, and introducing new anti-base erosion and global intangible low-taxed income inclusion provisions. Many of these changes were effective immediately, without any transition periods or grandfathering for existing transactions. The 2017 Tax Act remains unclear in many respects and could be subject to potential amendments and technical corrections, as well as interpretations and implementing regulations by the Treasury and United States Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), any of which could lessen or increase certain adverse impacts of the 2017 Tax Act. In addition, it is unclear how these U.S. federal income tax changes will affect state and local taxation, which often uses federal taxable income as a starting point for computing state and local tax liabilities. We could be subject to tax audits, challenges to our tax positions or adverse changes or interpretations of tax laws. Adverse positions taken by tax authorities and tax audits could impact our operating results.

Based on our current evaluation of the 2017 Tax Act, the limitation on interest deductions, the base erosion and anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”) and global intangible low-taxed income inclusion (“GILTI”) provisions may negatively impact our cash flows going forward. Further, there may be other material adverse effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Act that we have not yet identified. While some of the changes made by the 2017 Tax Act may adversely affect us in one or more

reporting periods and prospectively, other changes may be beneficial on a going forward basis. We continue to work with our tax advisors to determine the full impact that the 2017 Tax Act as a whole will have on us.

Our ability to use our U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.

As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately $870 million and $795 million of federal and state net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards and $82 million tax credit carryforwards related to research and development expenditures (“R&D tax credits”) and foreign taxes (“FTC”) paid.

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Under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”), if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change U.S. federal NOL carryforwards and other tax attributes (such as research tax credits) to offset its post-change income and taxes may be limited. In general, an “ownership change” occurs if there is a greater than 50 percentage point change (by value) in a corporation’s equity ownership by certain stockholders over a rolling three-year period. Similar provisions of state tax law may also apply to limit our use of accumulated state tax attributes. While we do not believe that we have experienced ownership changes in the past that would materially limit our ability to utilize our NOL carryforwards, the Section 382 rules are complex and there is no assurance our view is correct. Moreover, as a result of the shift in ownership of our stock that occurred in connection with the acquisition of DigitalGlobe in October 2017, we could experience an ownership change in the near future if there are certain significant purchases of our stock or other events outside of our control. In the event that we experience ownership changes in the future, our ability to use pre-change NOL carryforwards and other tax attributes to offset post-change taxable income will be subject to limitations. As a result, we may be unable to use a material portion of our NOL carryforwards and other tax attributes, which could adversely affect our future cash flows.

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Additionally, the 2017 Tax Act changed the rules governing the use of U.S. federal NOLs, including by imposing a reduction to the maximum deduction allowed for NOLs generated in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. In addition, NOL carryforwards arising in tax years ending after December 31, 2017 can be carried forward indefinitely, but carryback is generally prohibited. Such limitations may significantly impact our ability to use NOL carryforwards generated after December 31, 2017, as well as the timing of any such use, and could adversely affect our future cash flows.

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On May 12, 2019, our Board of Directors approved a Tax Benefit Preservation Plan (“Tax Plan”) in an effort to help preserve the value of certain deferred tax benefits including those generated by NOLs and certain other tax attributes, and which our Stockholders approved on October 31, 2019. The Tax Plan will expire on October 5, 2020. The Tax Plan could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or could discourage a third party from acquiring, a large block of our common stock. A third party that acquires 4.9% or more of our common stock could suffer substantial dilution of its ownership interest under the terms of the Tax Plan through the issuance of common stock to all stockholders other than the acquiring person.

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Although the Tax Plan is intended to reduce the likelihood of an ownership change that could adversely affect us, there is no assurance that the Tax Plan will prevent acquisitions of our common stock that could result in such an ownership change.

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On September 9, 2019 Treasury and the IRS issued proposed regulations regarding the items of income and deduction which are included in the calculation of built-in gains and losses under section 382. The proposed regulations were subject to a 60-day comment period and are proposed to be effective for ownership changes occurring after the effective date of temporary or final regulations. In response to concerns expressed in comment letters, in January 2020 the IRS

withdrew a portion of the proposed regulations to provide transition relief for eligible taxpayers. Temporary or final regulations have not yet been issued by Treasury and the IRS.

We have incurred and will continue to incur increased costs and demands in order to comply with laws and regulations applicable to public companies.

We became a “domestic issuer” for SEC reporting purposes in January 2019. The obligations of being a public company in the U.S. require significant expenditures and will place significant demands on our management and other personnel, including costs resulting from public company reporting obligations under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations regarding corporate governance practices, including those under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and the listing requirements of the NYSE and the TSX. These rules require that we maintain effective disclosure and financial controls and procedures, internal control over financial reporting and changes in corporate governance practices, among many other complex rules that are often difficult to monitor and maintain compliance with. Our management and other personnel will continue to devote a substantial amount of time to ensure compliance with all of these requirements and to keep pace with new regulations, otherwise we may fall out of compliance and risk becoming subject to reputational damage, litigation or being delisted, among other potential problems.

Our operations are subject to governmental law and regulations relating to environmental matters, which may expose us to significant costs and liabilities that could negatively impact our financial condition.

We are subject to various federal, state, provincial and local environmental laws and regulations relating to the operation of our businesses, including those governing pollution, the handling, storage, disposal and transportation of hazardous substances, and the ownership and operation of real property. We have been designated, along with numerous other companies, as a potentially responsible party for the cleanup of hazardous waste on certain sites in California where we operate and there can be no assurance that the previous owners of those properties strictly complied with such environmental laws and regulations. Such laws and regulations may result in significant liabilities and costs to us due to the actions or inactions of the previous owners. In addition, new laws and regulations, more stringent enforcement of existing laws and regulations or the discovery of previously unknown contamination could result in additional costs.

Our international business exposes us to risks relating to regulation, currency fluctuations, and political or economic instability in foreign markets, which could adversely affect our revenue, earnings, cash flows and our financial condition.

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from non-U.S. or Canadian sales, and we intend to continue to pursue international contracts. International operations are subject to certain risks, such as: changes in domestic and foreign governmental regulations and licensing requirements; deterioration of relations between the U.S. and/or Canada and a particular foreign country; increases in tariffs and taxes and other trade barriers; foreign currency fluctuations; changes in political and economic stability; effects of austerity programs or similar significant budget reduction programs; potential preferences by prospective customers to purchase from local (non-U.S. or Canadian) sources; and difficulties in obtaining or enforcing judgments in foreign jurisdictions.

In addition, our international contracts may include industrial cooperation agreements requiring specific in-country purchases, investments, manufacturing agreements or other financial obligations, known as offset obligations, and provide for penalties if we fail to meet such requirements. The impact of these factors is difficult to predict, but one or more of them could adversely affect our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Exposure to United Kingdom political developments, including the effect of its withdrawal from the European Union, could be costly and difficult to comply with and could harm our business.

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In June 2016, a referendum was passed in the United Kingdom to leave the European Union, commonly referred to as “Brexit.” This decision created an uncertain political and economic environment in the United Kingdom and other European Union countries, and the formal process for leaving the European Union has taken years to complete. The United Kingdom formally left the European Union on January 31, 2020, and is now in a transition period through

December 31, 2020. Our U.K. operations service customers in the U.K. as well as in other countries in the EU, and these operations could be disrupted by Brexit. Although the United Kingdom will remain in the European Union single market and customs union during the transition period, the long-term nature of the United Kingdom’s relationship with the European Union is unclear and there is considerable uncertainty as to when any agreement will be reached and implemented. The political and economic instability created by Brexit has caused and may continue to cause significant volatility in global financial markets and uncertainty regarding the regulation of data protection in the United Kingdom. In particular, although the United Kingdom enacted a Data Protection Act in May 2018 that is consistent with the EU General Data Protection Regulation, uncertainty remains regarding how data transfers to and from the United Kingdom will be regulated. Brexit could also have the effect of disrupting the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people between the United Kingdom, the European Union, and elsewhere.

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ITEM 2.PROPERTIES

Our corporate headquarters are located at a leased facility in Westminster, Colorado. As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately two million square feet of total leased floor space at multiple locations in the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, used for manufacturing, warehousing, research and testing, administrative and various other uses.

As of December 31, 2019, we had major operations in the following locations:

Space Infrastructure

Our Space Infrastructure segment primarily operates out of multiple locations in California. We lease approximately one million square feet of manufacturing and office space.

Earth Intelligence

Our Earth Intelligence segment primarily operates out of our Colorado, Virginia, Maryland, Michigan, Florida and Missouri locations with small sales offices located internationally. We lease approximately one million square feet of office and operations space.

We maintain our properties in good operating condition and believe that the productive capacity of our properties is adequate to meet our current requirements and those for the foreseeable future. See Note 10, Leases, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding our lease commitments.

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ITEM 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In 2010, we entered into an agreement with a Ukrainian customer to provide a communication satellite system. In 2014, following the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, we declared force majeure with respect to the program. The Ukrainian customer accepted that an event of force majeure had occurred. Following various unsuccessful efforts to arrive at a new contractual framework to take account of the changed circumstances (including the force majeure and various financial issues), the contract with the Ukrainian customer was terminated by us. We completed work on the spacecraft, which is in storage. In July 2018, the Ukrainian customer issued a statement of claim in the arbitration it had commenced against us, challenging our right to terminate for force majeure, purporting to terminate the contract for default by us (a position since withdrawn), and seeking recovery from us in the amount of approximately $227 million. The matter was heard by the arbitration panel in December 2019, and post-hearing briefs were submitted in January 2020. We presented a vigorous defense to the petitioner’s claims. We expect the arbitration panel to issue its ruling sometime this year. We have accrued an amount that we believe is within the range of probable outcomes for resolving this matter. However, the outcome of any arbitration is difficult to predict, and in the event that the arbitration results in a finding against us in excess of the amount reserved, we could incur additional amounts and our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

On January 14, 2019, a Maxar stockholder filed a putative class action lawsuit captioned Oregon Laborers Employers Pension Trust Fund, et al. v. Maxar Technologies Inc., No. 1:19-cv-00124-WJM-SKC in the District Court of Colorado

(the “Colorado Action”), naming Maxar and members of management as defendants alleging, among other things, that the Company’s public disclosures were deficient in violation of the federal securities laws and seeking monetary damages. On August 7, 2019, the Court appointed a lead plaintiff and lead counsel. On October 7, 2019, the lead plaintiff filed a consolidated amended complaint alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 against the Company and members of management in connection with the Company’s public disclosures between March 26, 2018 and January 6, 2019. The consolidated complaint alleges that the Company’s statements regarding the AMOS-8 contract, accounting for its GEO communications assets, and WorldView-4 were allegedly false and/or misleading during the class period. On December 6, 2019, defendants moved to dismiss the Colorado Action, which motion is currently pending. Also in January 2019, a Maxar stockholder resident in Canada issued a putative class action lawsuit captioned Charles O’Brien v. Maxar Technologies Inc., No. CV-19-00613564-00CP in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against Maxar and members of management claiming misrepresentations in Maxar’s public disclosures and seeking monetary damages. This action was later discontinued. On November 15, 2019, Mr. O’Brien and another Maxar stockholder resident in Canada issued a new putative class action lawsuit captioned Charles O’Brien v. Maxar Technologies Inc., No. CV-19-00631107-00CP, naming Maxar and certain members of management and the board of directors as defendants as well as Maxar’s auditor, KPMG LLP. On February 7, 2020, the January 2019 claim was discontinued. The Statement of Claim alleges that the Company’s statements regarding the AMOS-8 contract, accounting for its GEO communications assets, and WorldView-4 were false and/or misleading during the class period, and claims damages of $700 million. The Company believes that these cases are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against them.

On October 21, 2019, a Maxar stockholder filed a putative class action lawsuit captioned McCurdy v. Maxar Technologies Inc., et al. No. T19-074 in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Santa Clara (the “California Action”), naming Maxar, and certain members of management and the board of directors as defendants. The lawsuit alleges violations of Sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with the Company’s June 2, 2017 Registration Statement and prospectus filed in anticipation of its October 17, 2017 merger with DigitalGlobe. The lawsuit is based upon many of the same underlying factual allegations as the Colorado Action. Specifically, the lawsuit alleges the Company’s statements regarding its accounting methods and risk factors, including those related to the GEO communications business, were false and/or misleading when made. The Company believes that this lawsuit is without merit and intends to vigorously defend against it.

On November 14, 2019, a complaint was filed in a derivative action against Maxar and certain current and former members of management and the board of directors in federal court in the District of Delaware, captioned as Dorling, Derivatively on Behalf of Nominal Defendant Maxar Technologies Inc. v. Lance et al., No. 19-cv-02134-UNA. The complaint concerns the same factual allegations asserted in the Colorado Action. On February 7, 2020, the court granted the parties’ stipulated motion to stay this case.   

We are a party to various other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business as either a plaintiff or defendant. As a matter of course, we are prepared both to litigate these matters to judgment, as well as to evaluate and consider all reasonable settlement opportunities. We have established accrued liabilities for these matters where losses are deemed probable and reasonably estimable. The outcome of any of these other proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

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ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

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ITEM 5.MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

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Maxar trades on the NYSE and TSX under the ticker “MAXR”. As of February 24, 2020, there were approximately 29 stockholders of record of our common stock. This stockholder figure does not include a substantially greater number of "street name" holders or beneficial holders of our common stock whose shares are held of record by banks, brokers, and other financial institutions.

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Dividends

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We declared and paid dividends of $0.04 and $1.14 per share of common stock during 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

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None.

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ITEM 6.SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

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The following selected financial data is qualified by reference to and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes thereto in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 7.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

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OVERVIEW

We are a leading provider of solutions in Earth Intelligence and Space Infrastructure. We help government and commercial customers to monitor, understand and navigate the changing planet; deliver global broadband communications; and explore and advance the use of space. Our approach combines decades of deep mission understanding and a proven commercial and defense foundation to deliver our services with speed, scale and cost effectiveness.

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Our businesses are organized and managed in three reportable segments: Earth Intelligence, Space Infrastructure and MDA, as described below under “Segment Results.”

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Definitive Agreement to Sell MDA

On December 29, 2019, we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (“MDA Agreement”), with Neptune Acquisition Inc., a corporation existing under the laws of the Province of British Columbia and an affiliate of Northern Private

Capital Ltd. (“MDA Purchaser”) that provides for, among other things, the MDA Purchaser to purchase MDA, our Canadian subsidiary, from us for an aggregate purchase price of approximately C$1.0 billion (“MDA Transaction”). The MDA Transaction is subject to customary purchase price adjustments for working capital, cash and debt, and as otherwise described below. Pursuant to the MDA Agreement, the MDA Purchaser will acquire all of the outstanding shares in the entities that operate our MDA business.

The closing of the MDA Transaction is conditioned on customary closing conditions and on specified regulatory approvals, including review by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, Hart-Scott-Rodino review by the U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, and Canadian government reviews under the Radiocommunication Act and the Competition Act. The closing of the MDA Transaction is not subject to a financing condition and is expected to close in the Spring or early Summer of 2020.

The MDA Agreement contains specified termination rights for us and the MDA Purchaser, including, among others, if the consummation of the MDA Transaction has not occurred by June 29, 2020, subject to extension to September 29, 2020 for the purpose of obtaining regulatory approvals in the U.S. and Canada and appealing any injunctions preventing the consummation of the MDA Transaction.

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The MDA Agreement contains a negative purchase price adjustment of up to C$65 million for a complete loss or failure of RADARSAT-2, such that it cannot be used for its intended commercial purposes.

The MDA Agreement provides that the MDA Purchaser will be required to pay us a reverse termination fee of C$55 million under specified circumstances, including, among others, where the MDA Agreement is terminated because (i) the MDA Purchaser has materially breached its representations and warranties or the MDA Purchaser fails to perform its covenants in all material respects, subject to a cure period, or (ii) all of the conditions to closing of the MDA Transaction (other than those conditions that by their terms are to be satisfied at closing) have been satisfied or waived, we have confirmed in writing to the MDA Purchaser that we stand ready, willing and able to consummate the MDA Transaction and the MDA Purchaser fails to consummate the closing (including for a failure of the MDA Purchaser’s debt financing) within two business days of receipt of the notice from us.

Senior Secured 2023 Notes

In December 2019, we issued $1.0 billion in principal amount of 9.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2023 (“2023 Notes”) in a private placement to institutional buyers. The 2023 Notes were issued at a price of 98%. The 2023 Notes bear interest at the rate of 9.75% per year, payable semi-annually in cash in arrears, which interest payments will commence in June 2020. The 2023 Notes are guaranteed on a senior secured basis by each of our existing and future subsidiaries that guarantee the Syndicated Credit Facility.

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The proceeds from the 2023 Notes and the sale of our owned properties in Palo Alto, California were used to repay the outstanding borrowings under our existing senior secured first lien term A facility (“Term Loan A”) and the majority of the outstanding borrowings on the Revolving Credit Facility.

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Concurrent Amendment to Revolving Credit Facility

On November 4, 2019, we further amended our Original Syndicated Credit Facility (the “Third Amending Agreement”), certain portions of which became effective immediately and certain portions of which became effective in December 2019 upon the issuance of the 2023 Notes (“Effective Date”). The Third Amending Agreement, during the Covenant Relief Period, (i) modified the priority of the application of certain voluntary prepayments resulting from certain asset sales (but which did not affect the prepayments owed to the Term Loan B), and (ii) restricted use of proceeds of future borrowings. In addition, the Third Amending Agreement increased the maximum consolidated debt leverage ratios permitted under the Original Syndicated Credit Facility to 7.25x at the end of the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2019, 7.50x at the end of the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2020, 7.75x at the end of each fiscal quarter thereafter until the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2021, 7.50x at the end of each fiscal quarter thereafter until the quarter ending September 30, 2022, 6.50x at the end of each fiscal quarter thereafter until the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2023, and 5.75x for each fiscal quarter thereafter (subject to a 0.25x reduction in each maximum level upon a disposition of a

business line for greater than $500 million). The Third Amending Agreement also extended the maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility by two years to December 2023, updated the Interest Coverage Ratio to be less than 2.0x at the end of each fiscal quarter, restricted investment capacity in certain permitted investments, restricted future increases in quarterly dividend payment levels and modified certain margin and standby fee terms. In addition, we canceled the operating credit facility and reduced committed borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility from $1.25 billion to $500 million.

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Sale Leaseback Agreements

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On December 10, 2019, we completed the sale and subsequent leaseback of our owned properties in Palo Alto, California for proceeds of $291 million. We recognized a gain on the sale of the properties of $136 million, which was adjusted for off-market leaseback terms and is included in Gain on sale of assets in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We recorded operating lease assets and liabilities of $63 million, representing the fair value of the minimum lease payments associated with the agreements to lease assets back over a period of two to ten years; and recognized a deferred financing liability of $33 million for the above-market rent stipulated in the lease agreements which included in Long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

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Tax Benefit Preservation Plan

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On May 12, 2019, our Board of Directors approved a Tax Benefit Preservation Plan (“Tax Plan”), which our Stockholders subsequently approved on October 31, 2019, with the intent to preserve the value of certain deferred tax benefits (“Tax Benefits”) including those generated by net operating losses. The Tax Plan is intended to act as a deterrent to any person or entity acquiring shares of the Company equal to or exceeding 4.9%. For each common stock outstanding as of May 28, 2019, a dividend of one preferred stock purchase right (“The Rights”) is granted. The Tax Plan gives current stockholders the right to purchase one one-hundredth of a 32 share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock at a set price of $30.92 which, upon exercise, provides for one additional share of common stock at a 50% discount on the exercise date with no cash settlement options. The Rights under the Tax Plan will expire on October 5, 2020. The Tax Plan reduces the likelihood that changes in our investor base have the unintended effect of limiting the use of our Tax Benefits. There is no impact to the financial statements as a result of the Tax Plan.

Security Control Agreement and Facility Clearance and the U.S. Domestication

On January 26, 2017, we, together with our U.S.-based subsidiary, Maxar Holdings, and the U.S. Department of Defense entered into a Security Control Agreement (“SCA”) and began operating under the agreement. On February 2, 2018, the Defense Security Service granted facility clearance for our satellite manufacturing facility in Palo Alto, California.

On January 1, 2019, we completed our previously announced U.S. Domestication. The U.S. Domestication marked a major milestone in our long-term U.S. Access Plan, enhanced our ability to provide and support classified applications for U.S. government agencies and fulfilled a commitment made in acquiring DigitalGlobe. On January 8, 2020, the SCA was terminated by the U.S. Department of Defense, who determined that the SCA was no longer necessary as a result of the U.S. Domestication. The SCA was replaced by a simple Board Resolution that will continue to govern our foreign ownership and controlling interests.

Key Leadership Changes

On January 14, 2019, we announced the appointment of Daniel Jablonsky as President and Chief Executive Officer of Maxar. Mr. Jablonsky, who most recently served as President of DigitalGlobe, a wholly owned subsidiary of Maxar, also joined the Maxar Board of Directors. He succeeds Howard Lance, who resigned from his roles as President and Chief Executive Officer and as a Director of Maxar.

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In December 2018, we announced that our Board of Directors elected retired U.S. Air Force Gen. Howell M. Estes III as Chairman of the Board of Directors, effective January 1, 2019, coincident with the U.S. Domestication. Gen. Estes, who has served as a director of our Board of Directors since the acquisition of DigitalGlobe, succeeds Robert L. Phillips, who will continue to serve as a director.

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In July 2018, we announced the appointment of Biggs Porter as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Maxar, effective August 15, 2018. Anil Wirasekara, who previously served as Chief Financial Officer from 1994 to October 2017, assumed the duties of Interim Chief Financial Officer after William McCombe stepped down as Chief Financial Officer in February 2018.

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WorldView-4 Satellite

During December 2018, our WorldView-4 satellite experienced a failure in its control moment gyros, preventing the satellite from collecting imagery. As a result, during December 2018, we recorded an impairment loss of $162 million for the remaining book value of the satellite, related assets and future premium payments. On May 3, 2019, we announced that our insurance carriers accepted our $183 million claim for loss arising from the WorldView-4 satellite on orbit failure and agreed to pay us the full amount. As of December 31, 2019, we have collected the full insurance proceeds.

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Acquisition of DigitalGlobe

On October 5, 2017, we completed the DigitalGlobe Transaction and renamed the combined company Maxar Technologies Ltd. The transaction created a global leader in Earth imaging and geospatial solutions by combining DigitalGlobe’s over 15-year lead in technology and ImageLibrary development, as well as its high-resolution Earth imaging capabilities, with our existing position as a world leader in commercial communications satellites.

We believe we are uniquely positioned to grow in the U.S. and global Earth observation and geospatial services markets through our end-to-end space systems, Earth imagery and geospatial solutions. As a result of the DigitalGlobe Transaction, we increased our scale and we believe, credibility with U.S. government agencies and international government customers. The DigitalGlobe Transaction also added more predictable geospatial data and services revenue while diversifying our product and service offering. With a larger set of customers and end markets, we are better able to increase share in existing markets and grow in adjacent markets.

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Our vision is to be the world’s leader in the new space economy. We aim to achieve this by integrating innovative technologies, unique capabilities and end-to-end offerings across our businesses to help our customers address their most complex mission-critical challenges with confidence.

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Segment Results

In January 2019, with the appointment of Mr. Jablonsky as our President and Chief Executive Officer, our CODM changed. During the fourth quarter of 2019, following a number of changes, the CODM changed the way in which he assesses performance and allocates resources. As a result, we have revised our reportable segments to reflect how the CODM currently reviews financial information and makes operating decisions. Our CODM measures performance of our reportable segments based on revenue and Adjusted EBITDA. Our operating and reportable segments are: Earth Intelligence, Space Infrastructure and MDA. With our announcement of the MDA Transaction on December 30, 2019, the MDA segment has been classified within Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. All prior-period amounts have been adjusted to reflect the reportable segment change.

Earth Intelligence

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In the Earth Intelligence segment, we are a global leader in high resolution space-based optical and radar imagery products and analytics. We launched the world’s first high resolution commercial imaging satellite in 1999 and currently operate a four-satellite imaging constellation, providing us with a 110 petabyte historical ImageLibrary of the highest-resolution, commercially available imagery. Our imagery solutions provide customers with timely, accurate and mission-critical information about our changing planet and support a wide variety of government and commercial applications, including mission planning, mapping and analysis, environmental monitoring, disaster management, crop management, oil and gas exploration and infrastructure management. Our principal customers in the Earth Intelligence segment are U.S. and other international government agencies (primarily defense and intelligence agencies), as well as a

wide variety of commercial customers in multiple markets. We are a market leader in the commercial satellite Earth observation industry.

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We also provide geospatial services that combine imagery, analytic expertise and innovative technology to deliver intelligence solutions to customers. Our cleared developers, analysts, and data scientists provide analytic solutions that accurately document change and enable geospatial modeling and analysis that help predict where events will occur. Our primary customer of geospatial services is the U.S. government, but we also support intelligence requirements for other U.S. allied governments, global development organizations and commercial customers.

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The Earth Intelligence segment includes the financial results of the legacy Imagery and Services segments, excluding the legacy Canadian radar imagery business.

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Space Infrastructure

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In the Space Infrastructure segment, we are a leading provider of Space Infrastructure. We design, build, integrate and test solutions for space-based communications satellites, on-orbit servicing, robotic assembly and space exploration. We address a broad spectrum of needs for our customers, including mission systems engineering, product design, spacecraft manufacturing, assembly integration and testing. We provide advanced, reliable, and affordable spacecraft that enable our commercial customers to deliver valuable global services, and we are successfully partnering with the U.S. government in new space opportunities. Our principal customers in the Space Infrastructure segment are commercial satellite operators and government agencies worldwide.

The Space Infrastructure segment includes the financial results of our legacy Space Solutions business (previously referred to as Space Systems/Loral LLC or SSL) which was previously included within our legacy Space Systems segment.

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MDA

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In the MDA segment, we are a leading provider of Space Infrastructure in Canada. We develop and deliver advanced surveillance and intelligence solutions, defense and maritime systems, radar geospatial imagery, space robotics, satellite antennas and communication subsystems. The MDA segment includes the financial results of the MDA and legacy radar imagery business. We have a long history in space robotics, having developed the Canadarms for NASA’s Space Shuttle program and Canadarm2, which is currently in service on the International Space Station. Our principal customers in the MDA segment are the Canadian government and other government and commercial customers worldwide. As discussed above, in connection with the MDA Transaction, the financial results from this segment were classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table provides selected annual financial information for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

*Not meaningful.

Product and service revenue

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Total revenues decreased to $1,666 million from $1,804 million, or by $138 million, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in revenue in our Space Infrastructure segment partially offset by an increase in revenue in our Earth Intelligence segment. Further discussion of the drivers behind the decrease in revenues within the “Results by Segment” section below.

Total revenues increased to $1,804 million from $1,257 million, or by $547 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. The increase in revenues was primarily driven by the inclusion of a full year of revenue related to the DigitalGlobe Transaction as compared with only approximately one quarter of revenues in 2017. The increase in revenue from the Earth Intelligence segment was partially offset by a decrease in revenue in the

Space Infrastructure segment. Further discussion of the drivers behind the decrease in revenues within the Space Infrastructure segment is included within the “Results by Segment” section below.

See Note 17, “Segment Information” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for product and service revenues by segment.

Product and service costs

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Total cost of product and services decreased to $975 million from $1,088 million, or by $113 million, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018. The decrease is primarily driven by lower costs within the Space Infrastructure segment driven by lower volume which was partially offset by an increase in costs in our Earth Intelligence segment which was primarily driven by an increase in the labor associated with providing geospatial services.

Total cost of product and services increased to $1,088 million from $924 million, or by $164 million, for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to 2017. The increase is primarily related to the inclusion of a full year of costs related to the DigitalGlobe Transaction compared to only approximately one quarter in 2017.

Selling, general and administrative

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Selling, general and administrative expense decreased to $325 million from $446 million, or by $121 million, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018. The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in research and development spend of $78 million, a $19 million decrease in integration expense related to the DigitalGlobe Transaction and a decrease in labor related expenses due to a reduction of headcount from actions taken during the first quarter of 2019.

Selling, general and administrative expense increased to $446 million from $337 million, or by $109 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to 2017. The increase was primarily driven by inclusion of a full year of costs related to the DigitalGlobe Transaction compared to only approximately one quarter in 2017.

Depreciation and amortization

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Depreciation and amortization expense decreased to $376 million from $439 million, or by $63 million, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in depreciation and amortization expense following asset impairments in the second half of 2018.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased to $439 million from $152 million, or by $287 million, for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to 2017. The increase is primarily due to the inclusion of a full year of depreciation and amortization expense related to the acquisition of DigitalGlobe as compared to approximately one quarter of depreciation and amortization expense in 2017.

Impairment losses