Live Nation Entertainment 10Q 2024 Q2 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

____________________________________

Form 10-Q

____________________________________


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-32601

____________________________________

LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

____________________________________


Delaware						20-3247759
(State of Incorporation)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

9348 Civic Center Drive

Beverly Hills, CA 90210

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(310) 867-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

______________________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, $.01 Par Value Per Share

LYV

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer

Accelerated Filer

Non-accelerated Filer

Smaller Reporting Company

☐

Emerging Growth Company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes x No

On July 23, 2024, there were 232,113,741 outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, including 1,794,851 shares of unvested restricted stock awards and excluding 408,024 shares held in treasury.

LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q


		Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	2
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2024 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2023	2
	Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	3
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	4
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	9
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	36
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	36
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	37
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	37
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	37
Item 5.	Other Information	37
Item 6.	Exhibits	38


GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS
AOCI			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
AOI			Adjusted operating income (loss)
Company			Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. and subsidiaries
FASB			Financial Accounting Standards Board
GAAP			United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

GTV			Gross transaction value
LIBOR			London Inter-Bank Offered Rate
Live Nation			Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. and subsidiaries
SEC			United States Securities and Exchange Commission
SOFR			Secured Overnight Financing Rate
Ticketmaster			Our ticketing business
VIE			Variable interest entities (as defined under GAAP)

Table of Contents

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)


	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	6,398,722	$	6,231,866
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $81,039 and $82,350, respectively	2,464,042		2,069,054
Prepaid expenses	1,671,514		1,147,581
Restricted cash	10,818		7,090
Other current assets	139,037		122,163
Total current assets	10,684,133		9,577,754
Property, plant and equipment, net	2,235,526		2,101,463
Operating lease assets	1,587,875		1,606,389
Intangible assets
Definite-lived intangible assets, net	1,094,666		1,161,621
Indefinite-lived intangible assets, net	380,847		377,349
Goodwill	2,664,149		2,691,466
Long-term advances	646,603		623,154
Other long-term assets	1,160,185		934,849
Total assets	$	20,453,984	$	19,074,045
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable, client accounts	$	1,856,443	$	1,866,864
Accounts payable	250,917		267,493
Accrued expenses	3,358,819		3,006,281
Deferred revenue	4,798,752		3,398,028
Current portion of long-term debt, net	1,137,272		1,134,386
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	171,907		158,421
Other current liabilities	53,039		128,430
Total current liabilities	11,627,149		9,959,903
Long-term debt, net	5,080,802		5,459,026
Long-term operating lease liabilities	1,641,325		1,686,091

Other long-term liabilities	546,636		488,159
Commitments and contingent liabilities (see Note 6)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	1,007,099		893,709
Stockholders' equity
Common stock	2,307		2,298
Additional paid-in capital	2,240,759		2,367,918
Accumulated deficit	(2,156,712)		(2,407,949)
Cost of shares held in treasury	(6,865)		(6,865)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(122,756)		27,450
Total Live Nation stockholders' equity	(43,267)		(17,148)
Noncontrolling interests	594,240		604,305
Total equity	550,973		587,157
Total liabilities and equity	$	20,453,984	$	19,074,045

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in thousands except share and per share data)
Revenue	$	6,023,416	$	5,630,723	$	9,822,945	$	8,758,113
Operating expenses:
Direct operating expenses	4,408,209		4,164,778		7,054,666		6,280,367
Selling, general and administrative expenses	926,222		868,595		1,907,781		1,558,916
Depreciation and amortization	137,729		136,514		270,323		251,699
Gain on disposal of operating assets	(779)		(7,013)		(1,430)		(6,509)
Corporate expenses	86,216		81,478		162,293		144,493
Operating income	465,819		386,371		429,312		529,147
Interest expense	79,970		81,995		160,661		171,210
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		—		18,366
Interest income	(44,425)		(56,452)		(87,682)		(96,765)
Equity in earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates	(5,376)		(5,558)		(5,460)		(9,665)

Other expense (income), net	(20,742)		(6,599)		(97,796)		4,984
Income before income taxes	456,392		372,985		459,589		441,017
Income tax expense	80,164		41,648		115,578		65,488
Net income	376,228		331,337		344,011		375,529
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	78,258		37,655		92,774		85,016
Net income attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation	$	297,970	$	293,682	$	251,237	$	290,513

Basic net income per common share available to common stockholders of Live Nation	$	1.05	$	1.04	$	0.52	$	0.78
Diluted net income per common share available to common stockholders of Live Nation	$	1.03	$	1.02	$	0.51	$	0.78

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	229,921,527		228,536,179		229,696,356		228,350,537
Diluted	245,002,995		243,660,186		232,024,314		230,490,937


Reconciliation to net income available to common stockholders of Live Nation:
Net income attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation	$	297,970	$	293,682	$	251,237	$	290,513
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interests	(57,325)		(56,621)		(132,435)		(111,554)
Net income available to common stockholders of Live Nation—basic	$	240,645	$	237,061	$	118,802	$	178,959
Convertible debt interest, net of tax	10,790		10,804		—		—
Net income available to common stockholders of Live Nation—diluted	$	251,435	$	247,865	$	118,802	$	178,959

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	376,228	$	331,337	$	344,011	$	375,529
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge	3,013		11,658		11,382		7,709
Realized gain on cash flow hedge	(4,762)		(4,256)		(9,492)		(7,804)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(156,825)		69,276		(152,096)		149,424
Comprehensive income	217,654		408,015		193,805		524,858
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	78,258		37,655		92,774		85,016
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation	$	139,396	$	370,360	$	101,031	$	439,842

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)


	Live Nation Stockholders’ Equity
	Common Shares Issued	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Cost of Shares Held in Treasury		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity		Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
	(in thousands, except share data)															(in thousands)
Balances at March 31, 2024	230,197,707	$	2,302	$	2,308,595	$	(2,454,682)	$	(6,865)	$	35,818	$	584,019	$	469,187	$	983,550

Non-cash and stock-based compensation	—	—		26,475		—		—		—		—		26,475		—
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	151,235	2		(13,070)		—		—		—		—		(13,068)		—
Exercise of stock options	363,001	3		11,029		—		—		—		—		11,032		—

Acquisitions	—	—		—		—		—		—		20,691		20,691		5,091

Purchases of noncontrolling interests	—	—		(31,589)		—		—		—		(15,255)		(46,844)		1,203

Redeemable noncontrolling interests fair value adjustments	—	—		(60,681)		—		—		—		—		(60,681)		60,851

Cash distributions	—	—		—		—		—		—		(55,395)		(55,395)		(60,351)
Other	—	—		—		—		—		—		(1,344)		(1,344)		21
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income	—	—		—		297,970		—		—		61,524		359,494		16,734
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge	—	—		—		—		—		3,013		—		3,013		—
Realized gain on cash flow hedge	—	—		—		—		—		(4,762)		—		(4,762)		—
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		—		(156,825)		—		(156,825)		—
Balance at June 30, 2024	230,711,943	$	2,307	$	2,240,759	$	(2,156,712)	$	(6,865)	$	(122,756)	$	594,240	$	550,973	$	1,007,099

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents


	Live Nation Stockholders’ Equity
	Common Shares Issued	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Cost of Shares Held in Treasury		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity		Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
	(in thousands, except share data)															(in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 2023	229,785,241	$	2,298	$	2,367,918	$	(2,407,949)	$	(6,865)	$	27,450	$	604,305	$	587,157	$	893,709

Non-cash and stock-based compensation	—	—		63,140		—		—		—		—		63,140		—
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	499,337	5		(38,556)		—		—		—		—		(38,551)		—
Exercise of stock options	427,365	4		12,815		—		—		—		—		12,819		—


Acquisitions	—	—		—		—		—		—		37,378		37,378		35,772

Purchases of noncontrolling interests	—	—		(29,329)		—		—		—		(15,264)		(44,593)		(11,013)

Redeemable noncontrolling interests fair value adjustments	—	—		(135,229)		—		—		—		—		(135,229)		135,817
Contributions received	—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		28
Cash distributions	—	—				—		—		—		(104,227)		(104,227)		(67,681)
Other	—	—		—		—		—		—		762		762		(1,021)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income	—	—		—		251,237		—		—		71,286		322,523		21,488
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge	—	—		—		—		—		11,382		—		11,382		—
Realized gain on cash flow hedge	—	—		—		—		—		(9,492)		—		(9,492)		—
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		—		(152,096)		—		(152,096)		—
Balance at June 30, 2024	230,711,943	$	2,307	$	2,240,759	$	(2,156,712)	$	(6,865)	$	(122,756)	$	594,240	$	550,973	$	1,007,099

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents


	Live Nation Stockholders’ Equity
	Common Shares Issued	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Cost of Shares Held in Treasury		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity		Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
	(in thousands, except share data)															(in thousands)
Balances at March 31, 2023	228,859,789	$	2,289	$	2,535,553	$	(2,974,398)	$	(6,865)	$	(17,425)	$	539,992	$	79,146	$	710,350
Non-cash and stock-based compensation	—	—		27,763		—		—		—		—		27,763		—
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	32,526	1		(516)		—		—		—		—		(515)		—
Exercise of stock options	191,879	1		4,004		—		—		—		—		4,005		—



Acquisitions	—	—		—		—		—		—		8,777		8,777		13,988

Purchases of noncontrolling interests	—	—		(71,776)		—		—		—		(15,684)		(87,460)		659
Redeemable noncontrolling interests fair value adjustments	—	—		(56,368)		—		—		—		—		(56,368)		56,368
Contributions received	—	—		—		—		—		—		8,772		8,772		—
Cash distributions	—	—		—		—		—		—		(30,484)		(30,484)		(52,210)
Other						—		—		—		26,295		26,295		7,847
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income	—	—		—		293,682		—		—		21,138		314,820		16,517
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge	—	—		—		—		—		11,658		—		11,658		—
Realized gain on cash flow hedge	—	—		—		—		—		(4,256)		—		(4,256)		—
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		—		69,276		—		69,276		—
Balances at June 30, 2023	229,084,194	$	2,291	$	2,438,660	$	(2,680,716)	$	(6,865)	$	59,253	$	558,806	$	371,429	$	753,519

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents


	Live Nation Stockholders’ Equity
	Common Shares Issued	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Cost of Shares Held in Treasury		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity		Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
	(in thousands, except share data)															(in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 2022	228,498,102	$	2,285	$	2,698,316	$	(2,971,229)	$	(6,865)	$	(90,076)	$	461,366	$	93,797	$	669,766

Non-cash and stock-based compensation	—	—		55,334		—		—		—		—		55,334		—
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	217,501	2		(8,466)		—		—		—		—		(8,464)		—
Exercise of stock options	211,841	2		4,997		—		—		—		—		4,999		—
Repurchase of 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2023	156,750	2		(27,327)		—		—		—		—		(27,325)		—
Capped call transactions for 3.125% convertible senior notes due 2029	—	—		(75,500)		—		—		—		—		(75,500)		—
Acquisitions	—	—		—		—		—		—		67,243		67,243		26,296

Purchases of noncontrolling interests	—	—		(97,648)		—		—		—		(27,090)		(124,738)		659

Redeemable noncontrolling interests fair value adjustments	—	—		(111,046)		—		—		—		—		(111,046)		111,046
Contributions received	—	—		—		—		—		—		14,631		14,631		85
Cash distributions	—	—				—		—		—		(74,693)		(74,693)		(62,916)
Other	—	—		—		—		—		—		54,320		54,320		(13,404)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income	—	—		—		290,513		—		—		63,029		353,542		21,987
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge	—	—		—		—		—		7,709		—		7,709		—
Realized gain on cash flow hedge	—	—		—		—		—		(7,804)		—		(7,804)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		—		149,424		—		149,424		—
Balances at June 30, 2023	229,084,194	$	2,291	$	2,438,660	$	(2,680,716)	$	(6,865)	$	59,253	$	558,806	$	371,429	$	753,519

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	344,011	$	375,529
Reconciling items:
Depreciation	146,168		127,670
Amortization	124,155		124,029
Amortization of non-recoupable ticketing contract advances	45,241		41,597
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	(6,078)		5,430
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts	7,881		8,949
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		18,366
Stock-based compensation expense	59,738		55,333
Unrealized changes in fair value of contingent consideration	(28,573)		20,100
Gain on mark-to-market of investments in nonconsolidated affiliates	(100,153)		(26,408)
Equity in losses of nonconsolidated affiliates, net of distributions	5,671		9,019
Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable	(9,806)		20,120

Other, net	(11,972)		(512)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and dispositions:
Increase in accounts receivable	(436,458)		(395,516)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets	(646,147)		(836,672)

Increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	391,059		298,718
Increase in deferred revenue	1,516,217		1,801,097
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,400,954		1,646,849
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Advances of notes receivable	(75,973)		(118,973)
Collections of notes receivable	21,290		8,286

Investments made in nonconsolidated affiliates	(30,593)		(26,336)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(333,689)		(202,531)

Cash acquired from (paid for) acquisitions, net of cash paid (acquired)	(17,579)		69,359
Purchases of intangible assets	(5,390)		(35,088)

Other, net	7,529		6,077
Net cash used in investing activities	(434,405)		(299,206)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs	886		986,766
Payments on long-term debt	(377,132)		(614,030)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests	28		14,716
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(171,908)		(137,609)
Purchases of noncontrolling interests, net	(47,980)		(88,239)
Payments for capped call transactions	—		(75,500)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	12,819		4,999
Taxes paid for net share settlement of equity awards	(38,551)		(8,464)

Payments for deferred and contingent consideration	(20,390)		(9,440)
Other, net	(748)		315
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(642,976)		73,514
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(152,989)		103,111
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	170,584		1,524,268
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	6,238,956		5,612,374
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	6,409,540	$	7,136,642

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1—BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND OTHER INFORMATION

Preparation of Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X issued by the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, they include all normal and recurring accruals and adjustments necessary to present fairly the results of the interim periods shown. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes including, but not limited to, legal, tax and insurance accruals, acquisition accounting and impairments. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Seasonality

Our Concerts and Sponsorship & Advertising segments typically experience higher revenue and operating income in the second and third quarters as our outdoor venue concerts and festivals primarily occur from May through October in most major markets. Our Ticketing segment revenue is impacted by fluctuations in the availability and timing of events for sale to the public, which vary depending upon scheduling by our clients.

Cash flows from our Concerts segment typically have a slightly different seasonality as partial payments are often made for artist performance fees and production costs for tours in advance of the date the related event tickets go on sale. These artist fees and production costs are expensed when the event occurs. Once tickets for an event go on sale, we generally begin to receive payments from ticket sales in advance of when the event occurs. In the United States, this cash is largely associated with events in our operated venues, notably amphitheaters, festivals, theaters and clubs. Internationally, this cash is from a combination of both events in our owned or operated venues, as well as events in third-party venues associated with our promoter’s share of tickets in allocation markets. We record these ticket sales as revenue when the event occurs. Our seasonality also results in higher balances in cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, accrued expenses and deferred revenue at different times in the year.

We expect our seasonality trends to evolve as we continue to expand our global operations.

Variable Interest Entities

In the normal course of business, we enter into joint ventures or make investments in companies that will allow us to expand our core business and enter new markets. In certain instances, such ventures or investments may be considered a VIE because the equity at risk is insufficient to permit it to carry on its activities without additional financial support from its equity owners. In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we assess whether we have the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entity and have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The activities we believe most significantly impact the economic performance of our VIEs include the unilateral ability to approve the annual budget, to terminate key management and to approve entering into agreements with artists, among others. We have certain rights and obligations related to our involvement in the VIEs, including the requirement to provide operational cash flow funding.

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, excluding intercompany balances and allocated goodwill and intangible assets, there were approximately $842 million and $940 million of assets and $560 million and $592 million of liabilities, respectively, related to VIEs included in our balance sheets. None of our VIEs are significant on an individual basis.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Included in the June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 cash and cash equivalents balance is $1.3 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively, of cash received that includes the face value of tickets sold on behalf of our ticketing clients and their share of service charges (“client cash”), which amounts are to be remitted to these clients. We generally do not utilize client cash for our own financing or investing activities as the amounts are payable to our clients on a regular basis. These amounts due to our clients are included in accounts payable, client accounts.

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Income Taxes

Each reporting period, we evaluate the realizability of our deferred tax assets in each tax jurisdiction. As of June 30, 2024, we continued to maintain a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets in certain jurisdictions, including the United States, due to cumulative pre-tax losses. As a result of the valuation allowances, no tax benefits have been recognized for any losses incurred in those tax jurisdictions for the first six months of 2024.

Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2022, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2022-03, which clarifies guidance for fair value measurement of an equity security subject to a contractual sale restriction and establishes new disclosure requirements for such equity securities. We adopted this guidance on January 1, 2024. The adoption did not and is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-07, which expands segment disclosures by requiring disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, an amount and description of its composition for other segment items, and interim disclosures of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

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NOTE 2—LONG-LIVED ASSETS, INTANGIBLES, AND GOODWILL

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment includes expenditures for the construction of new venues, major renovations to existing buildings or buildings that are being added to our venue network, the development of new ticketing tools and technology enhancements along with the renewal and improvement of existing venues and technology systems, web development and administrative offices.

Property, plant and equipment, net, consisted of the following:


	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Land, buildings and improvements	$	2,161,329	$	2,043,595
Computer equipment and capitalized software	913,253		888,065
Furniture and other equipment	664,678		646,966
Construction in progress	373,500		317,028
Property, plant and equipment, gross	4,112,760		3,895,654
Less: accumulated depreciation	1,877,234		1,794,191
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	2,235,526	$	2,101,463

Definite-lived Intangible Assets

The following table presents the changes in the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of definite-lived intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2024:


	Revenue- generating contracts		Client / vendor relationships		Venue management		Trademarks and naming rights		Technology and Other (1)		Total
	(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2023:
Gross carrying amount	$	925,257	$	583,436	$	226,788	$	183,493	$	20,220	$	1,939,194
Accumulated amortization	(336,625)		(251,649)		(79,218)		(104,036)		(6,045)		(777,573)
Net	588,632		331,787		147,570		79,457		14,175		1,161,621
Gross carrying amount:
Acquisitions and additions—current year	68,024		27,318		1,256		—		264		96,862
Acquisitions and additions—prior year	826		4,066		3		(2)		—		4,893

Foreign exchange	(41,116)		(14,820)		(2,936)		(6,126)		(104)		(65,102)
Other (2)	(4,959)		(10,132)		(11,973)		(383)		(147)		(27,594)
Net change	22,775		6,432		(13,650)		(6,511)		13		9,059
Accumulated amortization:
Amortization	(55,242)		(41,580)		(13,775)		(9,282)		(3,860)		(123,739)

Foreign exchange	11,990		5,273		941		2,101		7		20,312
Other (2)	4,694		10,132		11,973		324		290		27,413
Net change	(38,558)		(26,175)		(861)		(6,857)		(3,563)		(76,014)
Balance as of June 30, 2024:
Gross carrying amount	948,032		589,868		213,138		176,982		20,233		1,948,253
Accumulated amortization	(375,183)		(277,824)		(80,079)		(110,893)		(9,608)		(853,587)
Net	$	572,849	$	312,044	$	133,059	$	66,089	$	10,625	$	1,094,666

(1) Other primarily includes intangible assets for non-compete agreements.

(2) Other primarily includes netdowns of fully amortized or impaired assets.

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Included in the current year acquisitions amounts above are definite-lived intangible assets primarily associated with the acquisitions of a festival promotion business and an artist management business both located in the United States.

The 2024 acquisitions and additions to definite-lived intangible assets had weighted-average lives as follows:


			Weighted- Average Life (years)
Revenue-generating contracts			9
Client/vendor relationships			5


Venue management			3
Technology			3

All categories			8

Amortization of definite-lived intangible assets for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $61.7 million and $55.2 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $123.7 million and $112.7 million, respectively. As acquisitions and dispositions occur in the future and the valuations of intangible assets for recent acquisitions are completed, amortization expense may vary.

Goodwill

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill in each of our reportable segments for the six months ended June 30, 2024:


	Concerts		Ticketing		Sponsorship & Advertising		Total
	(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2023:
Goodwill	$	1,439,579	$	1,012,530	$	674,720	$	3,126,829
Accumulated impairment losses	(435,363)		—		—		(435,363)
Net	1,004,216		1,012,530		674,720		2,691,466

Acquisitions—current year	18,732		—		—		18,732
Acquisitions—prior year	4,201		—		—		4,201


Foreign exchange	(11,556)		(20,445)		(18,249)		(50,250)

Balance as of June 30, 2024:
Goodwill	1,450,956		992,085		656,471		3,099,512
Accumulated impairment losses	(435,363)		—		—		(435,363)
Net	$	1,015,593	$	992,085	$	656,471	$	2,664,149

We are in various stages of finalizing our acquisition accounting for recent acquisitions, which may include the use of external valuation consultants, and the completion of this accounting could result in a change to the associated purchase price allocations, including goodwill and our allocation between segments.

Investments in Nonconsolidated Affiliates

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had investments in nonconsolidated affiliates of $548.4 million and $447.5 million, respectively, included in other long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

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NOTE 3—LEASES

The significant components of operating lease expense are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Operating lease expense	$	66,772	$	76,999	$	132,508	$	142,328
Variable and short-term lease expense	48,717		40,963		73,912		72,305
Sublease income	(1,704)		(2,424)		(3,113)		(4,612)
Net lease expense	$	113,785	$	115,538	$	203,307	$	210,021

Many of our leases contain contingent rent obligations based on revenue, tickets sold or other variables. Contingent rent obligations, including those related to subsequent changes in the prevailing index or market rate after lease inception, are not included in the initial measurement of the lease asset or liability and are recorded as rent expense in the period that the contingency is resolved.

Supplemental cash flow information for our operating leases is as follows:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	149,049	$	137,924
Lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations, net of terminations	$	54,947	$	87,505

As of June 30, 2024, we have additional operating leases that have not yet commenced, with total lease payments of $137.1 million. These operating leases, which are not included on our consolidated balance sheets, have commencement dates ranging from July 2024 to June 2030 with lease terms ranging from 2 to 28 years.

NOTE 4—LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt, which includes finance leases, consisted of the following:


		June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
		(in thousands)
Senior Secured Credit Facility:


	Term loan B	$	832,533	$	836,903
	Revolving credit facility	—		370,000
6.5% Senior Secured Notes due 2027		1,200,000		1,200,000
3.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2028		500,000		500,000
4.875% Senior Notes due 2024		575,000		575,000
5.625% Senior Notes due 2026		300,000		300,000
4.75% Senior Notes due 2027		950,000		950,000

2.0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025		400,000		400,000
3.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2029		1,000,000		1,000,000
Other debt		503,293		511,210
Total principal amount		6,260,826		6,643,113
	Less: unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs	(42,752)		(49,701)
Total debt, net of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs		6,218,074		6,593,412
	Less: current portion	1,137,272		1,134,386
Total long-term debt, net		$	5,080,802	$	5,459,026

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Future maturities of long-term debt at June 30, 2024 are as follows:


	(in thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	1,124,827
2025	26,146
2026	1,398,114
2027	2,153,784
2028	1,515,675
Thereafter	42,280
Total	$	6,260,826

All long-term debt without a stated maturity date is considered current and is reflected as maturing in the earliest period shown in the table above. See Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements for discussion of the fair value measurement of our long-term debt.

Other Debt

As of June 30, 2024, other debt includes $275.0 million for a note due in 2026 related to an acquisition of a venue management business in the United States during the first quarter of 2023 and $123.3 million for a Euro-denominated note due in 2024 related to a venue management business located in Europe.

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NOTE 5—FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Recurring

The following table shows the fair value of our significant financial assets that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis, which are classified on the consolidated balance sheets as cash and cash equivalents.


	Estimated Fair Value
	June 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	963,670	$	—	$	963,670	$	580,126	$	—	$	580,126
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	42,983	$	42,983	$	—	$	39,232	$	39,232

Cash equivalents consist of money market funds. Fair values for cash equivalents are based on quoted prices in an active market. The fair value for our interest rate swaps are based upon inputs corroborated by observable market data with similar tenors.

Our outstanding debt held by third-party financial institutions is carried at cost, adjusted for any discounts or debt issuance costs. Our debt is not publicly traded and the carrying amounts typically approximate fair value for debt that accrues interest at a variable rate, which are considered to be Level 2 inputs as defined in the FASB guidance.

The following table presents the estimated fair values of our senior secured notes, senior notes and convertible senior notes:


	Estimated Fair Value at
	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	Level 2
	(in thousands)
6.5% Senior Secured Notes due 2027	$	1,211,256	$	1,222,608
3.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2028	$	466,535	$	469,515
4.875% Senior Notes due 2024	$	573,223	$	570,412
5.625% Senior Notes due 2026	$	296,802	$	297,606
4.75% Senior Notes due 2027	$	911,155	$	913,653
2.0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025	$	413,808	$	423,668
3.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2029	$	1,113,350	$	1,136,160

The estimated fair value of our third-party fixed-rate debt is based on quoted market prices in active markets for the same or similar debt, which are considered to be Level 2 inputs.

Non-recurring

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, we recorded a gain related to an investment in a nonconsolidated affiliate of $31.8 million as well as a gain related to a warrant on the same investment in a nonconsolidated affiliate of $32.6 million, as a component of other income, net. To calculate the gain on the investment, we remeasured the investment to fair value of $142.2 million using an observable price from orderly transactions for a similar investment of the same issuer. We remeasured the warrant to fair value of $52.6 million using an option pricing model.

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, we also recorded a gain related to an investment in a nonconsolidated affiliate of $24.4 million, as a component of other income, net. The gain was related to the acquisition of a controlling interest in a concert business, which was previously accounted for as an equity-method investment. To calculate the gain, we remeasured the investment to fair value of $35.9 million using the income approach method.

The key inputs in these fair value measurements include a future cash flow projection, including revenue, profit margins, and adjustment related to discount for lack of marketability. The key inputs used for these non-recurring fair value measurements are considered Level 3 inputs.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, there were no significant non-recurring fair value measurements.

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NOTE 6—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Litigation

Consumer Class Actions

The putative class action lawsuits filed against Live Nation and Ticketmaster in Canada in 2018 making certain allegations regarding Ticketmaster conduct that allegedly encourages the resale of tickets on secondary ticket exchanges have progressed materially. We no longer believe these matters pose a risk of material loss to our financial position, cash flows, or results of operations.

Astroworld Litigation

On November 5, 2021, the Astroworld music festival was held in Houston, Texas. During the course of the festival, ten members of the audience sustained fatal injuries and others suffered non-fatal injuries. Following these events, at least 450 civil lawsuits have been filed against Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. and related entities, asserting insufficient crowd control and other theories, seeking compensatory and punitive damages. Pursuant to a February 2022 order of the state Multidistrict Litigation Panel, matter 21-1033, the civil cases have been assigned to Judge Kristen Hawkins of the 11th District Court of Harris County, Texas, for oversight of pretrial matters under Texas’s rules governing multidistrict litigation.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, all remaining wrongful death lawsuits were settled, and we began settlement discussions in earnest with certain remaining parties with injury claims. As a result, we have recognized $94 million and $280 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, within selling, general and administrative expenses for the estimated probable losses in excess of our expected insurance recoveries. The amounts recorded as of June 30, 2024 represent our best estimate of the ultimate loss associated with all remaining lawsuits and claims.

Our assessment of loss, which resulted from a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties, is based on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by management, but that may prove to be incomplete or inaccurate, and unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that might cause us to change those estimates and assumptions or recognize additional losses.

Department of Justice Complaint

In May 2024, the United States Department of Justice, Antitrust Division, together with the attorneys general of twenty-nine states plus the District of Columbia, filed a civil antitrust complaint (the “Complaint”) against Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. and Ticketmaster in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging violations of various federal and state laws pertaining to antitrust, competition, unlawful or unfair business practices, restraint of trade, and other causes of action. The Complaint requests various forms of relief for the alleged violations, including without limitation the divestiture of Ticketmaster by the Company, cancellation of certain ticketing contracts, enjoining the Company from engaging in anticompetitive practices, and other forms of relief. Certain states also seek unspecified damages for their citizens.

The Company believes it has substantial defenses to the lawsuit and will vigorously defend itself.

Other Litigation

From time to time, we are involved in other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business, including proceedings and claims based upon purported violations of antitrust laws, intellectual property rights and tortious interference, which could cause us to incur significant expenses. We have also been the subject of personal injury and wrongful death claims relating to accidents at our venues in connection with our operations. As required, we have accrued our estimate of the probable settlement or other losses for the resolution of any outstanding claims. These estimates have been developed in consultation with counsel and are based upon an analysis of potential results, including, in some cases, estimated redemption rates for the settlement offered, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies. It is possible, however, that future results of operations for any particular period could be materially affected by changes in our assumptions or the effectiveness of our strategies related to these proceedings.

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NOTE 7—EQUITY

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents changes in the components of AOCI, net of taxes, for the six months ended June 30, 2024:


	Cash Flow Hedge		Foreign Currency Items		Total
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	29,350	$	(1,900)	$	27,450
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	11,382		(152,096)		(140,714)
Amount reclassified from AOCI	(9,492)		—		(9,492)
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	1,890		(152,096)		(150,206)
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	31,240	$	(153,996)	$	(122,756)

Earnings Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The calculation of diluted net income (loss) per common share includes the effects of the assumed exercise of any outstanding stock options, the assumed vesting of shares of restricted and deferred stock awards and the assumed conversion of our convertible senior notes, where dilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of weighted average common shares outstanding:


	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024	2023	2024	2023

Weighted average common shares—basic	229,921,527	228,536,179	229,696,356	228,350,537
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and restricted stock	2,076,808	2,119,347	2,327,958	2,140,400
Convertible senior notes	13,004,660	13,004,660	—	—
Weighted average common shares—diluted	245,002,995	243,660,186	232,024,314	230,490,937

The following table shows securities excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per common share because such securities are anti-dilutive:


	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024	2023	2024	2023
Options to purchase shares of common stock	3,750	3,750	3,750	3,750
Restricted stock and deferred stock—unvested	2,464,785	2,739,954	2,743,310	2,736,173

Conversion shares related to the convertible senior notes	—	—	13,004,660	13,004,660
Number of anti-dilutive potentially issuable shares excluded from diluted common shares outstanding	2,468,535	2,743,704	15,751,720	15,744,583

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NOTE 8—SEGMENTS AND REVENUE RECOGNITION

Our reportable segments are Concerts, Ticketing and Sponsorship & Advertising. We use AOI to evaluate the performance of our operating segments and define AOI as operating income (loss) before certain acquisition expenses (including ongoing legal costs stemming from the Ticketmaster merger, changes in the fair value of accrued acquisition-related contingent consideration obligations, and acquisition-related severance and compensation), amortization of non-recoupable ticketing contract advances, depreciation and amortization (including goodwill impairment), loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets, and stock-based compensation expense. We also exclude from AOI the impact of estimated or realized liabilities for settlements or damages arising out of the Astroworld matter that exceed our estimated insurance recovery, due to the significant and non-recurring nature of the matter. Ongoing legal costs associated with defense of these claims, such as attorney fees, are not excluded from AOI. AOI assists investors by allowing them to evaluate changes in the operating results of our portfolio of businesses separate from non-operational factors that affect net income (loss), thus providing insights into both operations and the other factors that affect reported results.

Revenue and expenses earned and charged between segments are eliminated in consolidation. Our capital expenditures below include accruals for amounts incurred but not yet paid for, but are not reduced by reimbursements received from outside parties such as landlords and noncontrolling interest partners or replacements funded by insurance proceeds.

We manage our working capital on a consolidated basis. Accordingly, segment assets are not reported to, or used by, our management to allocate resources to or assess performance of our segments, and therefore, total segment assets and related depreciation and amortization have not been presented.

The following table presents the results of operations for our reportable segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:


	Concerts		Ticketing		Sponsorship & Advertising		Other & Eliminations		Corporate		Consolidated
	(in thousands)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Revenue	$	4,987,039	$	730,677	$	312,234	$	(6,534)	$	—	$	6,023,416
% of Consolidated Revenue	82.8%		12.1%		5.2%		(0.1)%
Intersegment revenue	$	2,278	$	4,124	$	132	$	(6,534)	$	—	$	—






AOI	$	270,694	$	292,533	$	222,622	$	(8,171)	$	(61,447)	$	716,231

Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
Revenue	$	4,633,291	$	709,342	$	302,859	$	(14,769)	$	—	$	5,630,723
% of Consolidated Revenue	82.3%		12.6%		5.4%		(0.3)%
Intersegment revenue	$	3,300	$	2,397	$	—	$	(5,697)	$	—	$	—






AOI	$	168,058	$	292,685	$	203,139	$	(18,142)	$	(56,043)	$	589,697

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Revenue	$	7,866,414	$	1,453,855	$	523,511	$	(20,835)	$	—	$	9,822,945
% of Consolidated Revenue	80.1%		14.8%		5.3%		(0.2)%
Intersegment revenue	$	12,403	$	8,257	$	175	$	(20,835)	$	—	$	—






AOI	$	273,766	$	576,648	$	352,597	$	(15,380)	$	(104,010)	$	1,083,621


Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Revenue	$	6,914,503	$	1,387,083	$	472,977	$	(16,450)	$	—	$	8,758,113
% of Consolidated Revenue	78.9%		15.8%		5.4%		(0.1)%
Intersegment revenue	$	4,198	$	3,180	$	—	$	(7,378)	$	—	$	—






AOI	$	168,890	$	563,736	$	298,670	$	(26,081)	$	(95,808)	$	909,407

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The following table sets forth the reconciliation of consolidated AOI to operating income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in thousands)
AOI	$	716,231	$	589,697	$	1,083,621	$	909,407
Acquisition expenses	(30,035)		24,829		522		38,140
Amortization of non-recoupable ticketing contract advances	21,161		21,234		45,241		41,597
Depreciation and amortization	137,729		136,514		270,323		251,699
Gain on sale of operating assets	(779)		(7,013)		(1,430)		(6,509)
Astroworld estimated loss contingencies	94,000		—		279,915		—
Stock-based compensation expense	28,336		27,762		59,738		55,333
Operating income	$	465,819	$	386,371	$	429,312	$	529,147

Contract Advances

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had ticketing contract advances of $122.0 million and $143.9 million, respectively, recorded in prepaid expenses and $122.0 million and $135.6 million, respectively, recorded in long-term advances on the consolidated balance sheets.

Sponsorship Agreements

At June 30, 2024, we had contracted sponsorship agreements with terms greater than one year that had approximately $1.7 billion of revenue related to future benefits to be provided by us. We expect to recognize, based on current projections, approximately 24%, 30%, 23% and 23% of this revenue in the remainder of 2024, 2025, 2026 and thereafter, respectively.

Deferred Revenue

The majority of our deferred revenue is typically classified as current and is shown as a separate line item on the consolidated balance sheets. Deferred revenue that is not expected to be recognized within the next twelve months is classified as long-term and reflected in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

The table below summarizes the amount of the preceding December 31 current deferred revenue recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Concerts	$	1,195,678	$	1,133,662	$	1,852,828	$	1,815,042
Ticketing	60,513		61,641		115,323		96,241
Sponsorship & Advertising	40,188		57,247		86,674		107,927

	$	1,296,379	$	1,252,550	$	2,054,825	$	2,019,210

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

“Live Nation” (which may be referred to as the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) means Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. and its subsidiaries, or one of our segments or subsidiaries, as the context requires. You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations together with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes to the financial statements included elsewhere in this quarterly report.

Special Note About Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in this quarterly report (or otherwise made by us or on our behalf from time to time in other reports, filings with the SEC, news releases, conferences, internet postings or otherwise) that are not statements of historical fact constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, notwithstanding that such statements are not specifically identified. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our financial position, business strategy, competitive position, potential growth opportunities, potential operating performance improvements, the effects of competition, the effects of future legislation or regulations and plans and objectives of our management for future operations. We have based our forward-looking statements on our beliefs and assumptions considering the information available to us at the time the statements are made. Use of the words “may,” “should,” “continue,” “plan,” “potential,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “outlook,” “could,” “target,” “project,” “seek,” “predict,” or variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth below under Part II—Other Information—Item 1A.—Risk Factors, in Part I—Item IA.—Risk Factors of our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as other factors described herein or in our annual, quarterly and other reports we file with the SEC (collectively, “cautionary statements”). Based upon changing conditions, should any risk or uncertainty that has already materialized, worsen in scope, impact or duration, or should one or more of the currently unrealized risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described in any forward-looking statements. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the applicable cautionary statements. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made. We do not intend to update these forward-looking statements, except as required by applicable law.

Executive Overview

For the third year in a row, our second quarter was a record for the Company with operating income and AOI both up 21% versus 2023. Compared to just five years ago, we have more than doubled our second quarter revenue, operating income and AOI results.

For the second quarter of 2024, our overall revenue increased by 7% to $6.0 billion on a reported basis as compared to the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, the growth was also 7%. The most significant growth came from our Concerts segment as a result of market expansion in the form of increased show count, fans, and onsite spend. Our operating income for the quarter increased by $79.4 million, or 21%, from $386.4 million in the second quarter of 2023 to $465.8 million in the second quarter of 2024 due to higher performance from all three of our major business segments, most notably our Concerts segment. The increase in operating income was $88 million, or 23%, at constant currency.

For the first six months of 2024, our consolidated revenue increased by $1.06 billion, or 12%, compared to the same period in 2023, from $8.76 billion to $9.82 billion. The increase was $1.1 billion, or 13%, on a constant currency basis. We had consolidated operating income of $429 million for the first six months of 2024, compared to $529 million for the first six months of 2023, a decrease of $100 million. Stronger operating performance in all three of our major business segments was offset by Astroworld estimated loss contingencies in our Concerts segment. Consolidated AOI for the first six months increased by $174 million, or 19%, compared to the same period in 2023, from $909 million to $1.1 billion. The increase was $193 million, or 21%, on a constant currency basis.

Based on our strong pipeline of arena, amphitheater and theater and club shows for the remainder of the year as well as ticket sales for 2024 shows pacing ahead of last year, we are optimistic for continued success in the remainder of the year even with reduced stadium activity relative to the prior year.

All of the segment financial comments to follow are based on reported foreign currency exchange rates.

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Our Concerts segment revenue for the quarter increased by $354 million, or 8%, from $4.6 billion in the second quarter of 2023 to $5.0 billion in the second quarter of 2024. The revenue growth was partially the result of more shows and fans in North America. The number of events for the second quarter of 2024 was approximately 14,700 compared to approximately 12,300 in the second quarter of 2023, an increase of 2,400 events or 20%. The number of fans for the quarter was 38.9 million compared to 37.1 million last year, for growth of 1.8 million fans or 5%. The increase in activity was largely in the United States, powered by fan count at our owned or operated venues, excluding festivals, was up 18% for the quarter. Following the trend from the first quarter of 2024, arena activity was also very strong, with double digit growth globally, most notably in the United States and Latin America. Some of the major acts touring in the second quarter included Olivia Rodrigo, Bad Bunny, Metallica and Noah Kahan. Our larger festivals in the quarter included EDC Vegas, Bottlerock and Download in the United Kingdom. With amphitheater show count up by over 25% and activity in our owned or operated venues increasing, onsite spend in our amphitheaters increased by nearly 40%. As a result, Concerts operating income for the quarter improved by $37.1 million compared to the same period in 2023, from $78.5 million to $115.6 million. Meanwhile, Concerts AOI for the quarter was $271 million compared to $168 million in the second quarter of 2023, for growth of $103 million or 61%. Operating income margins increased from 1.7% in the second quarter of 2023 to 2.3% in the second quarter of 2024 while AOI margin for the second quarter of 2024 was 5.4% compared to 3.6% last year. On a year-to-date basis, Concerts margins are out-pacing 2019 which was our previous record year for margins.

For the first six months of 2024, Concerts revenue grew $952 million compared to the same period in 2023, from $6.9 billion to $7.9 billion. For the first six months of 2024, our Concerts fan count was nearly 62 million compared to 56 million compared to the same period in 2023, an improvement of 6 million fans or 10%. Onsite spending at our United States amphitheater shows for the first six months of 2024 is pacing ahead of full-year 2023 and on-track to deliver $2 more per fan for the season, driven by higher food and beverage spending. For our larger festivals, the onsite spend growth has been even stronger. With roughly 40% of our festival events now played off, we have seen double-digit growth in per fan spend, driven largely by higher food and beverage and VIP sales. Concerts AOI for the first six months increased by $105 million, or 62%, compared to the same period in 2023, from $169 million to $274 million.

We operate the world’s leading ticketing software and marketplace, tailored to achieving the goals of content owners, venues and sports teams. We expect to drive conversion of ticket sales through development of innovative products that support selling tickets to fans. Our ticket marketplaces have reduced friction in the ticket purchase experience and created additional revenue opportunities.

Our Ticketing segment revenue for the quarter increased by $21 million, or 3%, from $709.3 million in the second quarter of 2023 to $730.7 million in the second quarter of 2024. We sold approximately 78 million fee-bearing tickets in the second quarter of 2024 compared to 79 million tickets in the same period of the prior year. Our revenue and ticket sales were flat despite the reduction in stadium sales, reflecting strong demand for arena and amphitheater shows. It was our fifth highest quarter ever in terms of ticket volume, both on a reported and transacted basis. Ticketing AOI for the quarter was $293 million, essentially even with last year.

For the first six months of 2024, our Ticketing segment revenue grew by $67 million compared to the same period in 2023, from $1.4 billion to $1.5 billion. Ticketing AOI for the first six months of 2024 increased by $13 million compared to the same period in 2022, from $564 million to $577 million. Through the end of June 2024, our fee-bearing ticket sales were 155 million tickets, 4 million ahead of 2023. We have signed clients with over 17 million net new tickets so far this year, of which two-thirds are in our international markets, which gives us confidence our ticketing platforms’ features and functionalities will continue to fuel growth going forward.

We continue to grow our sponsorship and advertising partnerships and our clients are able to reach their customers via the powerful connection that live shows creates with ardent fans.

Our Sponsorship & Advertising segment revenue for the quarter increased by $9 million, or 3%, from $303 million in the second quarter of 2023 to $312 million in the second quarter of 2024. The improvement was largely due to strategic deals in the United States as well as the success of our international festivals. For the first six months of 2024, our sponsorship growth has been driven by our owned or operated venues and festival assets, re-emphasizing the importance of our venues footprint and expansion strategy. AOI for the quarter increased by $19.5 million, from $203.1 million in the second quarter of 2023 to $222.6 million in the second quarter of 2024. For the first six months of 2024, our Sponsorship & Advertising revenue grew $50.5 million compared to the same period in 2023, from $473.0 million to $523.5 million. Sponsorship & Advertising AOI for the first six months increased by $54 million compared to the same period in 2023, from $299 million to $353 million.

We are optimistic about the long-term potential of our Company and are focused on the key elements of our business model: expanding our global platforms to connect artists and fans.

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Consolidated Results of Operations

Three Months


	Three Months Ended June 30,								% Change
	2024						2023
	As Reported		Currency Impacts		At Constant Currency**		As Reported		As Reported	At Constant Currency**
	(in thousands)
Revenue	$	6,023,416	$	28,482	$	6,051,898	$	5,630,723	7%	7%
Operating expenses:
Direct operating expenses	4,408,209						4,164,778		6%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	926,222						868,595		7%
Depreciation and amortization	137,729						136,514		1%
Gain on disposal of operating assets	(779)						(7,013)		89%
Corporate expenses	86,216						81,478		6%
Operating income	465,819		8,457		474,276		386,371		21%	23%
Operating margin	7.7%				7.8%		6.9%
Interest expense	79,970						81,995

Interest income	(44,425)						(56,452)
Equity in earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates	(5,376)						(5,558)

Other income, net	(20,742)						(6,599)
Income before income taxes	456,392						372,985
Income tax expense	80,164						41,648
Net income	376,228						331,337
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	78,258						37,655
Net income attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation	$	297,970					$	293,682

_______



**			Constant currency is a non-GAAP financial measure. We calculate currency impacts as the difference between current period activity translated using the current period’s currency exchange rates and the comparable prior period’s currency exchange rates. We present constant currency information to provide a framework for assessing how our underlying businesses performed excluding the effect of foreign currency rate fluctuations.

Revenue

Revenue increased $392.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year due to increased revenue in our Concerts segment of $353.7 million, Ticketing segment of $21.3 million and Sponsorship & Advertising segment of $9.4 million as further discussed within each segment’s operating results.

Operating income

Operating income increased $79.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily driven by increased operating income in our Concerts segment of $37.1 million, Ticketing segment of $2.2 million and Sponsorship & Advertising segment of $28.8 million as further discussed within each segment’s operating results.

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests increased $40.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily due to higher operating results from certain concert businesses.

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Consolidated Results of Operations

Six Months


	Six Months Ended June 30,									% Change
	2024							2023
	As Reported		Currency Impacts		At Constant Currency**			As Reported		As Reported	At Constant Currency**
	(in thousands)
Revenue	$	9,822,945	$	35,925	$	9,858,870		$	8,758,113	12%	13%
Operating expenses:
Direct operating expenses	7,054,666							6,280,367		12%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	1,907,781							1,558,916		22%
Depreciation and amortization	270,323							251,699		7%
Gain on disposal of operating assets	(1,430)							(6,509)		(78)%
Corporate expenses	162,293							144,493		12%

Operating income	429,312		21,359		450,671			529,147		(19)%	(15)%
Operating margin	4.4%				4.6		%	6.0%
Interest expense	160,661							171,210
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—							18,366
Interest income	(87,682)							(96,765)
Equity in earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates	(5,460)							(9,665)

Other expense (income), net	(97,796)							4,984
Income before income taxes	459,589							441,017
Income tax expense	115,578							65,488
Net income	344,011							375,529
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	92,774							85,016
Net income attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation	$	251,237						$	290,513

____________



**			Constant currency is a non-GAAP financial measure. We calculate currency impacts as the difference between current period activity translated using the current period’s currency exchange rates and the comparable prior period’s currency exchange rates. We present constant currency information to provide a framework for assessing how our underlying businesses performed excluding the effect of foreign currency rate fluctuations.

Revenue

Revenue increased $1.1 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year driven by increased revenue in our Concerts segment of $951.9 million, Ticketing segment of $66.8 million and Sponsorship & Advertising segment of $50.5 million as further discussed within each segment’s operating results.

Operating income

Operating income decreased $99.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily driven by decreased operating income in our Concerts segment of $175.1 million partially offset by increased operating income in our Ticketing segment of $11.8 million and Sponsorship & Advertising segment of $63.3 million, as further discussed within each segment’s operating results.

Other expense (income), net

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, we had other income, net of $97.8 million which includes mark to market adjustments for certain investments in nonconsolidated affiliates of $88.8 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we had other expense, net of $5.0 million which includes net foreign exchange rate losses of $29.8 million partially offset by mark to market adjustments for certain investments in nonconsolidated affiliates of $26.5 million. The net foreign exchange rate losses result primarily from revaluation of certain foreign currency denominated net assets held internationally.

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Income tax expense

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, we had a net tax expense of $115.6 million on income before income taxes of $459.6 million compared to a net tax expense of $65.5 million on an income before income taxes of $441.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the income tax expense consisted of $96.5 million related to foreign entities, $2.7 million related to United States federal taxes, and $16.4 million related to state and local income taxes. The net increase in tax expense of $50.1 million was primarily due to profits in certain non-United States jurisdictions.

Non-GAAP Measure

AOI

AOI is a non-GAAP financial measure that we define as consolidated operating income (loss) before certain acquisition expenses (including ongoing legal costs stemming from the Ticketmaster merger, changes in the fair value of accrued acquisition-related contingent consideration obligations, and acquisition-related severance and compensation), amortization of non-recoupable ticketing contract advances, depreciation and amortization (including goodwill impairment), loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets, and stock-based compensation expense. We also exclude from AOI the impact of estimated or realized liabilities for settlements or damages arising out of the Astroworld matter that exceed our estimated insurance recovery, due to the significant and non-recurring nature of the matter. Ongoing legal costs associated with defense of these claims, such as attorney fees, are not excluded from AOI.

We use AOI to evaluate the performance of our operating segments. We believe that information about AOI assists investors by allowing them to evaluate changes in the operating results of our portfolio of businesses separate from non-operational factors that affect net income (loss), thus providing insights into both operations and the other factors that affect reported results. AOI is not calculated or presented in accordance with GAAP. A limitation of the use of AOI as a performance measure is that it does not reflect the periodic costs of certain amortizing assets used in generating revenue in our business. Accordingly, AOI should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, operating income (loss), net income (loss), and other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP. Furthermore, this measure may vary among other companies; thus, AOI as presented herein may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of consolidated operating income to consolidated AOI for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in thousands)

Operating income	$	465,819	$	386,371	$	429,312	$	529,147
Acquisition expenses	(30,035)		24,829		522		38,140
Amortization of non-recoupable ticketing contract advances	21,161		21,234		45,241		41,597
Depreciation and amortization	137,729		136,514		270,323		251,699
Gain on sale of operating assets	(779)		(7,013)		(1,430)		(6,509)
Astroworld estimated loss contingencies	94,000		—		279,915		—
Stock-based compensation expense	28,336		27,762		59,738		55,333
AOI	$	716,231	$	589,697	$	1,083,621	$	909,407

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Segment Overview

Our reportable segments are Concerts, Ticketing and Sponsorship & Advertising.

Concerts

Revenue and related costs for events are generally deferred and recognized when the event occurs. All advertising costs incurred during the year for shows in future years are expensed at the end of the year. If a current year event is rescheduled into a future year, all advertising costs incurred to date are expensed in the period when the event is rescheduled.

Concerts direct operating expenses include artist fees, event production costs, show-related marketing and advertising expenses, along with other costs.

To judge the health of our Concerts segment, we primarily monitor the number of confirmed events and fan attendance in our network of operated and third-party venues, talent fees, average paid attendance, market ticket pricing, advance ticket sales and the number of major artist clients under management. In addition, at our operated venues and festivals, we monitor ancillary revenue per fan and premium ticket sales. For business that is conducted in foreign markets, we also compare the operating results from our foreign operations to prior periods without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.

Ticketing

Revenue related to ticketing service charges is recognized when the ticket is sold for our third-party clients. For our own events, where our concert promoters control ticketing, revenue is deferred and recognized when the event occurs. GTV represents the total amount of the transaction related to a ticket sale and includes the face value of the ticket as well as the service charge. We use GTV to evaluate changes in ticket fee revenue that are driven by the pricing of our service charges.

Ticketing direct operating expenses include call center costs and credit card fees, along with other costs.

To judge the health of our Ticketing segment, we primarily review the GTV and the number of tickets sold through our primary and secondary ticketing operations, the number of clients renewed or added and the average royalty rate paid to clients who use our ticketing services. In addition, we review the number of visits to our websites, cost of customer acquisition, the purchase conversion rate, and the overall number of customers in our database. For business that is conducted in foreign markets, we also compare the operating results from our foreign operations to prior periods without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.

Sponsorship & Advertising

Revenue related to sponsorship and advertising programs is recognized over the term of the agreement or operating season as the benefits are provided to the sponsor unless the revenue is associated with a specific event, in which case it is recognized when the event occurs.

Sponsorship & Advertising direct operating expenses include fulfillment costs related to our sponsorship programs, along with other costs.

To judge the health of our Sponsorship & Advertising segment, we primarily review the revenue generated through sponsorship arrangements and online advertising, and the percentage of expected revenue under contract. For business that is conducted in foreign markets, we also compare the operating results from our foreign operations to prior periods without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.

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Key Operating Metrics


	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024	2023	2024	2023
	(in thousands except estimated events)
Concerts (1)
Estimated events:
North America (2)	9,990	8,111	17,167	14,420
International	4,688	4,130	8,714	7,726
Total estimated events	14,678	12,241	25,881	22,146
Estimated fans:
North America (2)	23,187	18,474	34,078	26,131
International	15,706	18,599	27,744	29,842
Total estimated fans	38,893	37,073	61,822	55,973
Ticketing (3)
Estimated number of fee-bearing tickets sold	78,470	78,879	155,048	151,145
Estimated number of non-fee-bearing tickets sold	75,125	71,236	153,557	144,436
Total estimated tickets sold	153,595	150,115	308,605	295,581

_________

(1)Events generally represent a single performance by an artist. Fans generally represent the number of people who attend an event. Festivals are counted as one event in the quarter in which the festival begins, but the number of fans is based on the days the fans were present at the festival and thus can be reported across multiple quarters. Events and fan attendance metrics are estimated each quarter.

(2)North America refers to our events and fans within the United States and Canada.

(3)The fee-bearing tickets estimated above include primary and secondary tickets that are sold using our Ticketmaster systems or that we issue through affiliates. This metric includes primary tickets sold during the year regardless of event timing, except for our own events where our concert promoters control ticketing which are reported when the events occur. The non-fee-bearing tickets estimated above include primary tickets sold using our Ticketmaster systems, through season seat packages and our venue clients’ box offices, along with tickets sold on our “do it yourself” platform. These ticketing metrics are net of any refunds requested and any cancellations that occurred during the period and up to the time of reporting of these consolidated financial statements.

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Segment Operating Results

Concerts

Our Concerts segment operating results were, and discussions of significant variances are, as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						% Change	Six Months Ended June 30,						% Change
	2024			2023				2024			2023
	(in thousands)							(in thousands)
Revenue	$	4,987,039		$	4,633,291		8%	$	7,866,414		$	6,914,503		14%
Direct operating expenses	4,114,715			3,884,238			6%	6,474,206			5,722,684			13%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	664,853			604,333			10%	1,391,693			1,060,878			31%
Depreciation and amortization	92,646			72,913			27%	183,009			143,441			28%
Gain on disposal of operating assets	(780)			(6,674)			(88)%	(1,492)			(6,559)			(77)%

Operating income (loss)	$	115,605		$	78,481		47%	$	(181,002)		$	(5,941)		*
Operating margin	2.3		%	1.7		%		(2.3)		%	(0.1)		%
AOI	$	270,694		$	168,058		61%	$	273,766		$	168,890		62%
AOI margin	5.4		%	3.6		%		3.5		%	2.4		%

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*			Percentages are not meaningful.

Three Months

Revenue

Concerts revenue increased $353.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily due to increased shows and fan growth across the United States. In particular, higher arena and amphitheater shows and fan count contributed to the increase in revenue. Concerts had incremental revenue of $90.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 from acquisitions and new venues.

Operating results

Concerts AOI increased $102.6 million and operating income increased $37.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year. The increase in AOI was primarily driven by increases in revenue discussed above partially offset by higher direct operating expenses to support increased shows and fan growth at events and higher selling, general and administrative expenses related to additional headcount and compensation expenses. The remaining change in operating income outside of AOI of $65.5 million is primarily associated with Astroworld estimated loss contingencies of $94.0 million and higher depreciation and amortization of $19.7 million related to capital expenditures incurred to support the increased operations partially offset by lower acquisition expense of $54.4 million for costs incurred related to contingent considerations changes.

Six Months

Revenue

Concerts revenue increased $951.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily due to increased shows and fan growth across the United States. In particular, higher arena and amphitheater shows and fan count contributed to the increase in revenue. Concerts had incremental revenue of $149.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 from acquisitions and new venues.

Operating results

Concerts AOI increased $104.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily driven by an increase in revenues from the number of shows discussed above partially offset by increased direct operating expenses to support increased shows and fan growth at events and higher selling, general and administrative expenses related to additional headcount and compensation expenses. The remaining change in operating income outside of AOI of $279.9 million is primarily associated with Astroworld estimated loss contingencies of $279.9 million and higher depreciation and amortization of $39.6 million related to capital expenditures incurred to support the increased operations partially offset by lower acquisition expense of $50.1 million related to contingent considerations changes.

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Ticketing

Our Ticketing segment operating results were, and discussions of significant variances are, as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						% Change	Six Months Ended June 30,						% Change
	2024			2023				2024			2023

	(in thousands)							(in thousands)
Revenue	$	730,677		$	709,342		3%	$	1,453,855		$	1,387,083		5%
Direct operating expenses	251,089			233,080			8%	504,923			471,237			7%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	214,375			210,400			2%	429,630			403,595			6%
Depreciation and amortization	24,409			27,623			(12)%	47,923			52,707			(9)%
Loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets	2			(340)			*	46			34			35%

Operating income	$	240,802		$	238,579		1%	$	471,333		$	459,510		3%
Operating margin	33.0		%	33.6		%		32.4		%	33.1		%
AOI	$	292,533		$	292,685		—%	$	576,648		$	563,736		2%
AOI margin	40.0		%	41.3		%		39.7		%	40.6		%

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*			Percentages are not meaningful.

Three Months

Revenue

Ticketing revenue increased $21.3 million, or 3%, during the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year due to higher arena and amphitheater sales which was partially offset by a reduction in stadium activity.

Operating results

The increase in revenue discussed above were partially offset by higher direct operating expenses to support the increased operations and enterprise growth resulting in a decrease in AOI of $0.2 million and operating income increase of $2.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year.

Six Months

Revenue

Ticketing revenue increased $66.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year. This increase is primarily due to higher sales volumes in international markets driven by more events on sale in 2024 as compared to 2023.

Operating results

Ticketing AOI increased $12.9 million and operating income increased $11.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily driven by increased ticketing activity discussed above. These increases were partially offset by higher direct operating expenses to support the increased operations and enterprise growth as well as higher selling, general and administrative expenses attributable to increased compensation expenses from increased headcount as compared to the prior year.

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Sponsorship & Advertising

Our Sponsorship & Advertising segment operating results were, and discussions of significant variances are, as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						% Change	Six Months Ended June 30,						% Change
	2024			2023				2024			2023
	(in thousands)							(in thousands)
Revenue	$	312,234		$	302,859		3%	$	523,511		$	472,977		11%
Direct operating expenses	47,474			59,843			(21)%	93,011			100,510			(7)%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	44,397			42,235			5%	82,689			78,307			6%
Depreciation and amortization	17,342			26,521			(35)%	33,082			42,763			(23)%
Loss (Gain) on sale of operating assets	(1)			—			*	16			—			*

Operating income	$	203,022		$	174,260		17%	$	314,713		$	251,397		25%
Operating margin	65.0		%	57.5		%		60.1		%	53.2		%
AOI	$	222,622		$	203,139		10%	$	352,597		$	298,670		18%
AOI margin	71.3		%	67.1		%		67.4		%	63.1		%

_______


*			Percentages are not meaningful.

Three Months

Revenue

Sponsorship & Advertising revenue increased $9.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily driven by increased sponsorship activity from our United States and international festivals.

Operating results

Sponsorship & Advertising AOI increased $19.5 million and operating income increased $28.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year. These increases were primarily due to increased revenues from sponsorship activity discussed above and lower direct operating expenses due to reduced fulfillment costs.

Six Months

Revenue

Sponsorship & Advertising revenue increased $50.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily driven by increased sponsorship activity from our international festivals

Operating results

Sponsorship & Advertising AOI increased $53.9 million and operating income increased $63.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year. These increases were primarily due to higher sponsorship activity revenues discussed above.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash is centrally managed on a worldwide basis. Our primary short-term liquidity needs are to fund general working capital requirements, capital expenditures and debt service requirements while our long-term liquidity needs are primarily related to acquisitions and debt repayment. Our primary sources of funds for our short-term liquidity needs will be cash flows from operations and borrowings under our amended senior secured credit facility, while our long-term sources of funds will be from cash flows from operations, long-term bank borrowings and other debt or equity financings. We may from time to time engage in open market purchases of our outstanding debt securities or redeem or otherwise repay such debt.

Our balance sheet reflects cash and cash equivalents of $6.4 billion at June 30, 2024 and $6.2 billion at December 31, 2023. Included in the June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 cash and cash equivalents balances are $1.3 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively, of cash received that includes the face value of tickets sold on behalf of our ticketing clients and their share of service charges, which we refer to as client cash. We generally do not utilize client cash for our own financing or investing activities as the amounts are payable to clients on a regular basis. Our foreign subsidiaries held approximately $3.1 billion in cash and cash equivalents, excluding client cash, at June 30, 2024. We generally do not repatriate these funds, but if we did, we would need to accrue and pay United States state income taxes as well as any applicable foreign withholding or transaction taxes on future repatriations.

We may from time to time enter into borrowings under our revolving credit facility. If the original maturity of these borrowings is 90 days or less, we present the borrowings and subsequent repayments on a net basis in the statement of cash flows to better represent our financing activities. Our balance sheet reflects total net debt of $6.2 billion and $6.6 billion, respectively, at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Our weighted-average cost of debt, excluding unamortized debt discounts and debt issuance costs on our term loans and notes, was 4.6% at June 30, 2024, with approximately 93% of our debt at fixed rates. Our weighted-average cost of debt for short-term borrowings outstanding at June 30, 2024, excluding unamortized debt discounts and debt issuance costs on our term loans and notes, was 4.1%.

Our cash and cash equivalents are held in accounts managed by third-party financial institutions and consist of cash in our operating accounts and invested cash. Cash held in non-interest-bearing and interest-bearing operating accounts in many cases exceeds the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. The invested cash is in interest-bearing funds consisting primarily of bank deposits and money market funds. While we monitor cash and cash equivalents balances in our operating accounts on a regular basis and adjust the balances as appropriate, these balances could be impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail. To date, we have experienced no loss or lack of access to our cash and cash equivalents; however, we can provide no assurances that access to our cash and cash equivalents will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets.

For our Concerts segment, we often receive cash related to ticket revenue in advance of the event, which is recorded in deferred revenue until the event occurs. In the United States, this cash is largely associated with events in our owned or operated venues, notably amphitheaters, festivals, theaters and clubs. Internationally, this cash is from a combination of both events in our owned or operated venues, as well as events in third-party venues associated with our promoter’s share of tickets in allocation markets. With the exception of some upfront costs and artist advances, which are recorded in prepaid expenses until the event occurs, we pay the majority of event-related expenses at or after the event. Artists are paid when the event occurs under one of several different formulas, which may include fixed guarantees and/or a percentage of ticket sales or event profits, net of any advance they have received. When an event is cancelled, any cash held in deferred revenue is reclassified to accrued expenses as those funds are typically refunded to the fan within 30 days of event cancellation. When a show is rescheduled, fans have the ability to request a refund if they do not want to attend the event on the new date, although historically we have had low levels of refund requests for rescheduled events.

We view our available cash as cash and cash equivalents, less ticketing-related client cash, less event-related deferred revenue, less accrued expenses due to artists and cash collected on behalf of others, plus event-related prepaid expenses. This is essentially our cash available to, among other things, repay debt balances, make acquisitions, and finance capital expenditures.

Our intra-year cash fluctuations are impacted by the seasonality of our various businesses. Examples of seasonal effects include our Concerts segment, which reports the majority of its revenue in the second and third quarters. Cash inflows and outflows depend on the timing of event-related payments but the majority of the inflows generally occur prior to the event. See “—Seasonality” below. We believe that we have sufficient financial flexibility to fund these fluctuations and to access the global capital markets on satisfactory terms and in adequate amounts, although there can be no assurance that this will be the case, and capital could be less accessible and/or more costly given current economic conditions. We expect cash flows from operations and borrowings under our amended senior secured credit facility, along with other financing alternatives, to satisfy working capital requirements, capital expenditures and debt service requirements for at least the succeeding year. We may need to incur additional debt or issue equity to make other strategic acquisitions or investments. There can be no assurance that such financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. We may make significant acquisitions in the near term, subject to limitations imposed by our financing agreements and market conditions.

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The lenders under our revolving loans and counterparty to our interest rate hedge agreement consists of banks and other third-party financial institutions. While we currently have no indications or expectations that such lenders will be unable to fund their commitments as required, we can provide no assurances that future funding availability will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets. Should an individual lender default on its obligations, the remaining lenders would not be required to fund the shortfall, resulting in a reduction in the total amount available to us for future borrowings, but would remain obligated to fund their own commitments. Should the counterparty to our interest rate hedge agreement default on its obligation, we could experience higher interest rate volatility during the period of any such default.

Sources of Cash

Amended Senior Secured Credit Facility

Our senior secured credit facility provides for borrowings of up to $1.3 billion with a $250 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $100 million for swingline borrowings. The revolving credit facility allows for a $780 million sublimit for borrowings in U.S. Dollars, Euros, or Sterling, and a $260 million sublimit for borrowings in those or one or more other approved non-U.S. currencies. The revolving credit facility will be available to us and, if designated in the future, certain of our foreign subsidiaries. The Amended Credit Agreement provides for the right, subject to certain conditions, to increase the term B loan and revolving facilities by an amount not to exceed an amount equal to the sum of (x) $1.625 billion, (y) the aggregate principal amount of voluntary prepayments of the term B loans and permanent reductions of the revolving credit facility commitments, in each case, other than from proceeds of long-term indebtedness, and (z) additional amounts so long as the senior secured leverage ratio, on a pro-forma basis after giving effect to such increase, is no greater than 4.50x.

Our obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement will continue to be guaranteed by the majority of our direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions, and the obligations of the foreign subsidiary borrowers, if any, will be guaranteed by us, the majority of our direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries, and by certain of our wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries. The obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement and the guarantees will continue to be secured by a lien on substantially all of our tangible and intangible personal property and the domestic subsidiaries that are guarantors, and by a pledge of substantially all of the shares of stock, partnership interests and limited liability company interests of our direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries and 65% of each class of capital stock of any first-tier foreign subsidiaries and, if there are any foreign borrowers, by certain of the assets of such foreign borrowers and certain foreign subsidiaries, subject to limited exceptions.

The interest rates per annum applicable to the revolving credit facility under the amended senior secured credit facility are, at our option, equal to either Term SOFR plus 1.75% or a base rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus 0.75%.

The interest rates per annum applicable to the term loan B are, at our option, equal to either Term Benchmark Loans or RFR Loans (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus 1.75% or a base rate plus 0.75%. We have an interest rate swap agreement that ensures the interest rate on $500 million principal amount of our outstanding term loan B does not exceed 3.445% through October 2026. For the term loan B, we are required to make quarterly payments of $2.4 million with the balance due at maturity in October 2026. We are also required to make mandatory prepayments of the loan, subject to specified exceptions, from excess cash flow and with the proceeds of asset sales, debt issuances and specified other events.

We are required to pay a commitment fee of 0.35% per year on the undrawn portion available under the revolving credit facility and variable fees on outstanding letters of credit. Based on our outstanding letters of credit of $21.9 million, $1.28 billion was available for future borrowings from our revolving credit facility as of June 30, 2024.

The revolving credit facility matures on November 16, 2028, provided, that if (x) any of the term loan B, our 6.5% Senior Secured Notes due 2027, or our 4.75% Senior Notes due 2027 remain outstanding on the date that is ninety-one days prior to the stated maturity thereof in an aggregate principal amount in excess of $500 million and (y) our consolidated free cash on such date is less than the sum of such outstanding principal amount plus $500 million, then the maturity date of the amended senior secured credit facility will instead be such date.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we repaid $370 million of principal related to our revolving credit facility. No material gain or loss was recorded as a result of this repayment.

Debt Covenants

As of June 30, 2024, we believe we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants related to our senior secured credit facility and our corporate senior secured notes, senior notes and convertible senior notes. We expect to remain in compliance with all of these covenants throughout 2024.

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Uses of Cash

Acquisitions

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we completed various acquisitions that resulted in cash paid, net of cash acquired of $17.6 million.

Capital Expenditures

Venue and ticketing operations require ongoing investment in our existing venues and ticketing systems to address fan and artist expectations, technological industry advances and various federal, state and/or local regulations.

We categorize capital outlays between revenue generating capital expenditures and maintenance capital expenditures. Revenue generating capital expenditures are primarily focused on our global venue expansion strategy as we connect more artists to their global fan base and major renovations to buildings to enhance the fan experience and drive improvements in our hospitality efforts including onsite spending and premium experiences. In addition, in Ticketing, we continue to develop new ticketing tools and technology enhancements. Revenue generating capital expenditures can also include smaller projects whose purpose is to increase revenue and/or improve operating income. Maintenance capital expenditures are associated with the renewal and improvement of existing venues and technology systems, web development and administrative offices. Capital expenditures typically increase during periods when our venues are not in operation since that is the time that such improvements can be completed.

Our capital expenditures, including accruals for amounts incurred but not yet paid for, but net of expenditures funded by outside parties such as landlords and noncontrolling interest partners or expenditures funded by insurance proceeds, consisted of the following:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Revenue generating	$	258,764	$	112,906
Maintenance	49,573		44,740
Total capital expenditures	$	308,337	$	157,646

Revenue generating capital expenditures during the first six months of 2024 increased from the same period of the prior year primarily due to enhancements at our theaters and amphitheaters in the United States as well as a stadium in South America.

We expect capital expenditures to be approximately $650 million for the year ending December 31, 2024 with approximately 75% of the capital expenditures on revenue generating projects.

Cash Flows


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	1,400,954	$	1,646,849
Investing activities	$	(434,405)	$	(299,206)
Financing activities	$	(642,976)	$	73,514

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities decreased $245.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily due to higher mark-to-market gains on certain investments in nonconsolidated affiliates, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration as well as changes in operating assets and liabilities from timing of events on sale, payments and receipts.

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Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities increased $135.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the prior year primarily due to higher purchases of property, plant and equipment in 2024 for revenue generating capital expenditures. See “—Uses of Cash - Acquisitions and Capital Expenditures” above for further discussion.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities was $643.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to the principal repayment of our revolving credit facility as compared to cash provided by financing activities of $73.5 million for the same period of the prior year primarily due to proceeds in 2023 from the issuance of our 3.125% convertible senior notes partially offset by the repurchase of our 2.5% convertible senior notes. See “—Sources of Cash” above for further discussion.

Seasonality

Information regarding the seasonality of our business can be found in Part I—Financial Information—Item 1.—Financial Statements—Note 1 – Basis of Presentation and Other Information.

Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks arising from changes in market rates and prices, including movements in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.

Foreign Currency Risk

We have operations in countries throughout the world. The financial results of our foreign operations are measured in their local currencies. Our foreign subsidiaries also carry certain net assets or liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than that subsidiary’s functional currency. As a result, our financial results could be affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in the foreign markets in which we have operations. We operate in certain countries that are hyper-inflationary, for example Argentina, however the impact of these currencies did not have a material impact on our statement of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Our foreign operations reported an operating income of $306.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. We estimate that a 10% change in the value of the United States dollar relative to foreign currencies would change our operating income for the six months ended June 30, 2024 by $30.6 million. As of June 30, 2024, our most significant foreign exchange exposure included the Euro, British Pound, Australian Dollar, Canadian Dollar and Mexican Peso. This analysis does not consider the implication such currency fluctuations could have on the overall economic conditions of the United States or other foreign countries in which we operate or on the results of operations of our foreign entities. In addition, the reported carrying value of our assets and liabilities, including the total cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign operations, will also be affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

We primarily use forward currency contracts, in addition to options, to reduce our exposure to foreign currency risk associated with short-term artist fee commitments. We also may enter into forward currency contracts to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with changes in foreign currency rates on forecasted operating income. At June 30, 2024, we had forward currency contracts outstanding with an aggregate notional amount of $242.6 million.

Interest Rate Risk

Our market risk is also affected by changes in interest rates. We had $6.3 billion of total debt, excluding unamortized debt discounts and issuance costs, outstanding as of June 30, 2024. Of the total amount, we had $5.8 billion of fixed-rate debt and $462.0 million of floating-rate debt.

Based on the amount of our floating-rate debt as of June 30, 2024, each 25-basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would increase or decrease our annual interest expense and cash outlay by approximately $1.2 million. This potential increase or decrease is based on the simplified assumption that the level of floating-rate debt remains constant with an immediate across-the-board increase or decrease as of June 30, 2024 with no subsequent change in rates for the remainder of the period.

In January 2020, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement that is designated as a cash flow hedge for accounting purposes to effectively convert a portion of our floating-rate debt to a fixed-rate basis. The agreement was amended in February 2023 for the transition from LIBOR to SOFR. The swap agreement expires in October 2026, has a notional amount of $500.0 million and ensures that a portion of our floating-rate debt does not exceed 3.445%.

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Accounting and Other Pronouncements

Information regarding recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements can be found in Part I — Financial Information—Item 1.—Financial Statements—Note 1 – Basis of Presentation and Other Information.

In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) was enacted in the United States, which includes health care, clean energy, and income tax provisions. The income tax provisions amend the Internal Revenue Code to include among other things a corporate alternative minimum tax for the 2023 tax year. The Company is still assessing the impact due to lack of United States Treasury regulations which are anticipated to be issued in 2024; however, the IRA is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements due to net operating losses and full valuation allowances for the United States, which is our most significant jurisdiction. We will continue to monitor to ensure our financial results and related tax disclosures are in compliance with the IRA tax legislation.

On December 20, 2021, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) released Pillar Two model rules designed to ensure large multinational enterprises (“MNE”) pay a minimum level of tax arising in each jurisdiction they operate. Over 135 jurisdictions joined a plan to update key elements of the international tax system and provide for a coordinated system of taxation that imposes top-up tax on profits arising in a jurisdiction whenever the effective rate is below the minimum rate. Effective January 1, 2024, many of these jurisdictions have enacted a global 15% minimum effective tax rate. This minimum rate applies to MNE’s with consolidated revenue above €750 million. While additional guidance is expected from the OECD in 2024, we do not expect The Pillar Two rules to have a material impact to our financial statement income or tax cash flows for the current period. We will continue to monitor further guidance from the OECD and evaluate any impact it may have to our consolidated financial results.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates that are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The result of these evaluations forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such difference could be material.

Management believes that the accounting estimates involved in business combinations, impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, revenue recognition, and income taxes are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results, and they require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, resulting from the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. These critical accounting estimates, the judgments and assumptions and the effect if actual results differ from these assumptions are described in Part II—Financial Information—Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024.

There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Required information is within Part I — Financial Information—Item 2.—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Market Risk.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to our company, including our consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the officers who certify our financial reports and to other members of senior management and our board of directors.

Based on their evaluation as of June 30, 2024, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) are effective to ensure that (1) the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (2) the information we are required to disclose in such reports is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls will prevent all possible errors and fraud. Our disclosure controls and procedures are, however, designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at that reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Information regarding our legal proceedings can be found in Part I—Financial Information—Item 1. Financial Statements—Note 6 – Commitments and Contingent Liabilities.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

While we attempt to identify, manage and mitigate risks and uncertainties associated with our business to the extent practical under the circumstances, some level of risk and uncertainty will always be present. Part I—Item 1A.—Risk Factors of our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024, describes some of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations, and the trading price of our common stock could decline as a result. Except as set forth immediately below, we do not believe that there have been any material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The U.S. Department of Justice and the attorneys general of certain states have sued us alleging violations of various federal and state laws pertaining to antitrust, competition, unlawful or unfair business practices, restraint of trade, and other causes of action. An unfavorable outcome in this matter could adversely affect our business and operating results.

As described in Part I—Financial Information—Item 1.—Financial Statements—Note 6 – Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, under the caption “Department of Justice Complaint,” in May 2024 we were sued by state and federal authorities for alleged violations of various laws pertaining to antitrust, competition, unlawful or unfair business practices, restraint of trade, and other causes of action, with various forms of relief requested for the alleged violations, including without limitation the divestiture of Ticketmaster by the Company, cancellation of certain ticketing contracts, enjoining the Company from engaging in anticompetitive practices, monetary damages, and other forms of relief. While this litigation is at its earliest states and we believe that we have substantial defenses in the matter, due to the nature of the allegations and the potential remedies being sought, an unfavorable outcome in this matter could have a material adverse impact on our business and operating results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchase of Equity Securities

The following table provides information regarding repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2024:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share (1)	Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program (2)	Maximum Fair Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (2)
April 2024	62,063	$101.42
May 2024	65,018	$100.72
June 2024	2,029	$90.91
	129,110

(1) Represents shares of common stock that employees surrendered as part of the default option to satisfy withholding taxes in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards under our stock incentive plan. Pursuant to the terms of our stock plan, such shares revert to available shares under the plan.
(2) We do not have a publicly announced program to purchase shares of our common stock. Accordingly, there were no shares purchased as part of a publicly announced program.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 5. Other Information

No director or officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 plan, or any other written trading arrangement that meets the requirements of a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” during the three months ended June 30, 2024.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Description

Incorporated by Reference

Filed
Herewith

Exhibit
No.

Form

File No.

Exhibit No.

Filing Date

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer.

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer.

32.1

Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.

32.2

Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document - this instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Schema Document.

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (Formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

§ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on July 30, 2024.


LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

By:			/s/ Brian Capo
			Brian Capo
			Chief Accounting Officer (Duly Authorized Officer)

Positive
Negative
Uncertain
Constraining
Legalese
Litigous
Readability	H.S. junior Avg

Live Nation Entertainment (LYV) 10-Q2024 Q2 Quarterly report

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