Unisys (UIS) 10-K2021 FY Annual report

Unisys Corporation, a Delaware corporation (Unisys, we, our, or the company), is a global information technology (IT) solutions company that delivers successful outcomes for the most demanding businesses and governments. Unisys offerings include digital workplace solutions, cloud and infrastructure solutions, enterprise computing solutions and business process solutions.

In January 2021, the company changed its organizational structure to more effectively address evolving client needs. As a result, our reportable segments are as follows:

During 2021, the company completed three acquisitions to accelerate its pace of innovation and capitalize on growing and evolving markets. In June and November, the company acquired Unify Square, Inc. and, the Mobinergy group of companies, respectively, to advance the company’s experience-focused Digital Workplace Solutions set and to deliver higher-value solutions to its clients. In December, the company acquired CompuGain LLC to enhance the company’s delivery of rapid and agile cloud migration, application modernization and data value realization to its clients. These acquisitions align with the company’s strategy to invest in capabilities that complement its core solutions.

We deliver advanced IT solutions to clients in our primary target markets: Government (national governments, other than directly to the U.S. federal government, and state and local governments globally), Commercial (e.g., travel and transportation and life sciences and healthcare), and Financial Services (e.g., commercial and retail banking).

We market our products and solutions primarily through a direct sales force. Complementing our direct sales force, we make use of a select group of resellers and alliance partners to market our services and product portfolio. In certain countries, we market primarily through distributors.

Our principal services include digital workplace solutions, cloud and infrastructure solutions, enterprise computing solutions and business process solutions.

In addition, we deliver a range of next-generation capabilities that make government service easily accessible and efficient, enable law enforcement to solve more cases in less time and enhance the integrity of our clients’ financial services processing and payment platforms. Our clients and their customers benefit from proficient and effective 24x7 operations and continuous optimization of their mission-critical business processes.

We deliver these outcomes through platforms that include:

Our software products include:

Our industry solutions help law enforcement agencies solve crime; social services case workers assist families; travel and transportation companies manage freight and distribution; and financial institutions deliver omnichannel banking.

Unisys purchases components and supplies from a number of suppliers around the world. For certain technology products, we rely on a single or limited number of suppliers, although we make every effort to assure that alternative sources are available if the need arises. The failure of our suppliers to deliver components and supplies in sufficient quantities and in a timely manner could adversely affect our business. For more information on the risks associated with purchasing components and supplies, see “Risk Factors” (Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K).

As of January 31, 2022, Unisys owns over 485 active U.S. patents and over 45 active patents granted in ten non-U.S. jurisdictions. These patents cover systems and methods related to a wide variety of technologies, including, but not limited to, information security, cloud computing, virtualization, database encryption/management and user interfaces. We have granted licenses covering both single patents, and particular groups of patents, to others. Likewise, we have active licensing agreements granting us rights under patents owned by other entities. Our business is not materially dependent upon any single patent, patent license, or related group thereof.

Unisys also maintains 23 U.S. trademark and service mark registrations, and over 480 additional trademark and service mark registrations in seventy-four non-U.S. jurisdictions as of January 31, 2022. These marks are valuable assets used on or in connection with our services and products, and as such are actively monitored, policed and protected by Unisys and its agents.

Our revenue is affected by such factors as the introduction of new services and products, the length of sales cycles and the seasonality of purchases. Seasonality generally has not resulted in material quarterly revenue changes.

No single client accounted for more than 10% of our revenue in the year ended December 31, 2021.

At December 31, 2021, firm order backlog was $3.0 billion, compared to $3.6 billion at December 31, 2020. Approximately $1.2 billion (40%) of 2021 backlog is expected to be converted to revenue in 2022. Although we believe that this backlog is firm, we may, for commercial reasons, allow the orders to be canceled, with or without penalty.

Our capital expenditures, earnings and competitive position have not been materially affected by compliance with federal, state and local laws regulating the protection of the environment. Capital expenditures for environmental control facilities are not expected to be material in 2022 and 2023.

At December 31, 2021, the company employed approximately 16,300 professionals of which 18% are located in the United States and 82% are located in other countries around the world. Our associates ensure our success, and we are committed to providing a productive, ethical, diverse and safe working environment for each and every one of them.

We welcome associates of all ethnicities, races, ages, religions, abilities, genders and sexual orientations. We are committed to our culture of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) not only as the “right thing to do,” but also as a business imperative. Creating an equitable workplace improves our organization, local communities and society.

At Unisys, we are focused on having a workforce that represents the diverse communities in which we live and serve. Based on our continued efforts to improve diverse representation, women now make up 32% of our workforce globally and associates from Underrepresented Ethnic Groups (UREG) make up 30% within the U.S. Although we are proud of our progress, there is more work to do to build a more diverse workforce.

In addition to our efforts focused on representation, understanding our associates’ perspectives and experiences--their engagement--is critical to our success. Each year we measure associate engagement and develop action plans to improve based on feedback. This year, more than 80% of our associates participated in the survey with 7 out of 10 associates indicating they are engaged. Fostering an inclusive culture is a key component of engagement and 80% of associates indicated they “feel comfortable being themselves at work.” Our DEI initiatives are supported by our Inclusion and Diversity Council, which consists of 20 associates from around the world and includes several working groups that focus on specific aspects of issues including diversity, race and ethnicity, disability and gender equity. The Inclusion and Diversity Council’s vision is to build and nurture a better, more inclusive culture at Unisys. Since 2020, the Council has sponsored multiple new Associate Impact Groups, which are associate-led groups that provide support, career development, and professional networking for their members.

The company recognizes that continuous learning and professional development are key factors in our success. We offer a range of development programs and opportunities that focus on leadership/management, information technology skills, regulatory compliance, diversity, anti-harassment, ethics, cybersecurity, ethics and more.

We are committed to the health, safety, and wellness of our employees. We provide our associates a wide range of offerings in this regard through a range of benefits and resources including health and welfare benefits, flexible time-off and employee assistance programs.

Our safety programs include education, safe work practice guides, monitoring, and corrective actions to make sure that we are keeping every associate safe. In addition, we regularly conduct compliance validation reviews and use third-party assessments at our locations to ensure compliance to established company best practices and country-specific environmental, health, and safety regulations. In fact, we have maintained a perfect safety record over the past decade with zero violations of environmental, health or safety regulations.

We also promote a culture of ethics and integrity through our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, policies, and training and all associates must adhere to the company’s Code. We assess risk using data analytics, an annual risk assessment, investigations, and other compliance-related initiatives.

Our Investor web site is located at www.unisys.com/investor. Through our web site, we make available, free of charge, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as soon as reasonably practicable after this material is electronically filed with or furnished to the U.S. SEC. We also make available on our web site our Guidelines on Significant Corporate Governance Issues, the charters of the Audit and Finance Committee, Compensation and Human Resources Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Security and Risk Committee of our board of directors, and our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct. This information is also available in print to stockholders upon request. We do not intend for information on our web site to be part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

There is no family relationship among any of the above-named executive officers. The By-Laws provide that the officers of Unisys shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors and that each officer shall hold office for a term of one year and until a successor is elected and qualified, or until the officer’s earlier resignation or removal.

Mr. Altabef has served as Chair of the Board of Directors since 2018 and as Chief Executive Officer since 2015. He also served as President of the Company from 2015 to March 2020 and as President since December 2021. Prior to joining Unisys in 2015, Mr. Altabef was the President and Chief Executive Officer, and a member of the Board of Directors, of MICROS Systems, Inc. from 2013 through 2014, when MICROS Systems, Inc. was acquired by Oracle Corporation. He previously served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Perot Systems Corporation from 2004 until 2009, when Perot Systems was acquired by Dell, Inc. Thereafter, Mr. Altabef served as President of Dell Services (a unit of Dell Inc.) until his departure in 2011. Mr. Altabef is a member of the Boards of Directors of NiSource Inc. and Petrus Trust Company, L.T.A., and the Board of Merit Energy Company, LLC, a member of the President’s National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee, where he has served as co-chair of its Cybersecurity Moonshot subcommittee, and a trustee of the Committee for Economic Development (CED) of The Conference Board, where he serves as co-chair of the CED’s Technology and Innovation Committee. He previously served as Senior Advisor to 2M Companies, Inc. in 2012, and served as a director of Belo Corporation from 2011 through 2013. Mr. Altabef has been an executive officer since 2015.

Mr. Allen has been Senior Vice President, Solution Innovation and Architecture and Chief Technology Officer since April 2021. Prior to joining Unisys, Mr. Allen was a Global Digital Strategist at Microsoft Corporation from 2019 to 2021. From 2017 to 2019, Mr. Allen served as Chief Information Officer at Masonite International. Mr. Allen has also held senior leadership positions in IT at Cummins (2009 to 2017), Fifth Third Bank (2003 to 2009) and Wells Fargo (1998 to 2003). Mr. Allen began his career at Marriott International. Mr. Allen has been an executive officer since April 2021.

Mr. Kenney has been Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since 2013. Prior to joining Unisys, he had been with NEC Corporation of America, the North American subsidiary of global technology company NEC Corporation, since

1999, serving most recently as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary (2004-2013). Mr. Kenney has been an executive officer since 2013. Mr. Kenney will be leaving the company effective March 31, 2022.

Ms. Madion has been Senior Vice President, Corporate Services since January 2021. Ms. Madion served as Vice President, Global Operations and Strategy for Enterprise Solutions from 2016 to December 2020 after joining Unisys in 2015 as Director of Operations, Strategy and Planning for the U.S. and Canada region of the Enterprise Solutions organization. Prior to joining Unisys, she was Chief of Staff for the Travel and Transportation organization of Dell Services, and Chief of Staff for the Technical Sales Specialist team in Dell’s Infrastructure, Cloud and Computing line of business. Prior to that, Ms. Madion held other management roles at Dell Services with increasing responsibilities. Ms. Madion has been an executive officer since January 2021.

Mr. Newfield has been Senior Vice President and Chief Security and Infrastructure Officer since January 2021. Mr. Newfield joined Unisys in 2018 as Chief Information Security Officer. Mr. Newfield currently serves on the Board of Directors of the National Technology Security Coalition. Prior to joining Unisys, he was Director of Global Managed Security Services for IBM and was the Business Unit Information Security Officer and Global Process Officer for IBM’s Security Services Organization from 2014 to 2018. Prior to IBM, Mr. Newfield held senior security leadership roles at Cybertrust, RSA and DDC Advocacy. Mr. Newfield has been an executive officer since January 2021.

Ms. Poggenpohl has been Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer since May 2021. Prior to joining Unisys, Ms. Poggenpohl ran a consulting firm, Poggenpohl Consulting, which she founded in 2020. Ms. Poggenpohl served as the Chief Marketing and Communications Officer for North America at Accenture, from 2017 to 2020. Prior to this role, Ms. Poggenpohl held senior leadership positions within Accenture for more than twenty years. Ms. Poggenpohl has been an executive officer since May 2021.

Mr. Gupta has been Vice President and Treasurer since 2017. Prior to Unisys, Mr. Gupta served as Vice President and Corporate Treasurer for Avon Products from 2012 until 2016. He also served as Treasurer for Evraz North America, Inc. (2011 - 2012) and held the roles of Senior Vice President and Corporate Treasurer (2007 - 2011), Vice President and Assistant Treasurer (2005 - 2007) and Managing Director, Capital Markets, Pensions, Foreign Exchange (2004 - 2005) at Sara Lee Corporation. Mr. Gupta also held treasury roles at Delphi Corporation and General Motors Corporation. Mr. Gupta has been an executive officer since 2017.

Ms. Mannix has been Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller since December 2021. Ms. Mannix joined the company in September 2018 as Global Assistant Controller and was elected Vice President and Corporate Controller in December 2019. Prior to joining Unisys, she served as Head of Risk & Compliance Finance at FIS, an international provider of financial services technology and outsourcing services, from 2015 to 2018. From 2009 to 2015, Ms. Mannix held senior accounting positions at Laureate Education and Integral Systems, Inc. (acquired by Kratos in 2011). Earlier in her career, Ms. Mannix was an auditor at Grant Thornton LLP and a staff accountant at Haefele Flanagan. Ms. Mannix has been an executive officer since December 2021.

Factors that could affect future results include the following:

Some of the company’s services contracts are fixed-price contracts under which the company assumes the risk for delivery of the contracted services and products at an agreed-upon fixed price. Should the company experience problems in performing fixed-price contracts on a profitable basis, adjustments to the estimated cost to complete may be required. Future results will depend on the company’s ability to perform these services contracts profitably.

The company has significant underfunded obligations under its U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans. In 2021, the company made cash contributions of $52.4 million, primarily for its international defined benefit pension plans. Based on current legislation, global regulations, recent interest rates and expected returns, in 2022 the company expects to make cash contributions of approximately $40.2 million, primarily for its international defined benefit pension plans. Estimates for future cash contributions are likely to change based on a number of factors including market conditions and changes in discount rates. If estimates for future contributions change materially, the company may need to obtain additional funding in order to make future contributions. In this event, there is no assurance that the company would be able to obtain such funding or that the company will have enough cash on hand to pay the required cash contributions.

Deterioration in the value of the company’s worldwide defined benefit pension plan assets, as well as discount rate changes, asset return changes, or changes in economic or demographic trends, could require the company to make cash contributions to its defined benefit pension plans in the future in an amount larger than currently anticipated. Increased cash contribution requirements or an acceleration in the due date of such cash contributions would further reduce the cash available for working capital, capital expenditures and other corporate uses and may worsen the adverse impact on the company’s operations, financial condition and liquidity.

The company maintains business relationships with key partners, suppliers, channel partners and other parties that have complementary products, services or skills. Future results will depend, in part, on the performance and capabilities of these third parties, on the ability of external suppliers to deliver components at reasonable prices and in a timely manner, and on the financial condition of, and the company’s relationship with, distributors and other indirect channel partners, which can affect the company’s capacity to effectively and efficiently serve current and potential customers and end users. Additionally, cost inflation and supply chain disruptions may lead to higher labor and other costs, as well as an inability to procure products needed to deliver the company’s solutions, which could adversely affect its results of operations.

Unisys Common Stock is listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange (trading symbol “UIS”).

At January 31, 2022, there were approximately 4,400 stockholders of record.

The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on Unisys common stock during the five fiscal years ended December 31, 2021, with the cumulative total return on the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index and the Standard & Poor’s 500 IT Services Index. The comparison assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2016, in Unisys common stock and in each of such indices and assumes reinvestment of any dividends.

Additionally, as the company continues its efforts to further de-risk its balance sheet, during 2021 the company, through a combination of transfers, annuity purchase arrangements and lump sum payments, settled gross defined benefit pension plan liabilities of approximately $1.2 billion. These actions resulted in pre-tax settlement losses of $499.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 related to the company’s plans in the Netherlands, the United States and Switzerland.

Revenue for 2021 was $2.05 billion compared with $2.03 billion for 2020, an increase of 1.4%. Foreign currency fluctuations had a 2-percentage-point positive impact on revenue in the current year compared with the year-ago period.

Revenue from international operations for 2021 was $1.20 billion compared with $1.24 billion for 2020, a decrease of 3.7% principally due to decreases in Latin America and Asia/Pacific. Foreign currency had a 3-percentage-point positive impact on international revenue in 2021 compared with 2020. Revenue from U.S. operations was $856.2 million for 2021 compared with $781.5 million for 2020, an increase of 9.6%.

During 2021, the company recognized cost-reduction charges and other costs of $23.2 million. The net charges related to work-force reductions were $0.4 million, principally related to severance costs, and were comprised of: (a) a charge of $12.3 million and (b) a credit of $11.9 million for changes in estimates. In addition, the company recorded charges of $22.8 million comprised of $4.0 million for net foreign currency losses related to exiting foreign countries, $12.6 million for asset impairments and $6.2 million for other expenses related to cost-reduction efforts.

During 2020, the company recognized cost-reduction charges and other costs of $95.5 million. The net charges related to work-force reductions were $25.5 million principally, related to severance costs, and were comprised of: (a) a charge of $39.0 million and (b) a credit of $13.5 million for changes in estimates. In addition, the company recorded charges of $70.0 million comprised of $32.3 million for net foreign currency losses related to exiting foreign countries, $24.0 million for asset impairments and $13.7 million for other expenses related to cost-reduction efforts.

The cost reduction charges (credits) were recorded in the following statement of income (loss) classifications:

Gross profit margin was 27.8% in 2021 and 23.8% in 2020. The increase in gross profit margin in 2021 was due in part to improvements in all the company’s segments driven by higher sales of the company’s enterprise software and improvements to efficiency.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $389.5 million in 2021 (19.0% of revenue) and $369.4 million in 2020 (18.2% of revenue). The increase was primarily due to increased investments in the company’s go-to-market efforts, primarily related to direct sales support and increases to non-cash-based compensation.

Research and development (R&D) expenses in 2021 were $28.5 million compared with $26.6 million in 2020.

In 2021, the company reported an operating profit of $154.0 million compared with an operating profit of $87.0 million in 2020. The increase in 2021 was due in part by improvements in all the company’s segments driven by higher sales of the company’s enterprise software and improvements to efficiency.

Interest expense was $35.4 million in 2021 compared with $29.2 million in 2020. The increase was principally due to the issuance of the 6.875% senior secured notes due 2027 in October 2020.

Other (expense), net was expense of $580.3 million in 2021 compared with expense of $329.6 million in 2020. Other (expense), net in 2021 includes $499.4 million of pension settlement losses compared with $142.1 million in 2020. See Note 7, “Other (expense), net,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of other (expense), net.

Pension expense for 2021 was $553.9 million compared with $235.3 million in 2020. The increase in 2021 was principally due to $499.4 million of settlement losses in 2021 related to defined benefits plans in the Netherlands, the United States and Switzerland compared to a $142.1 million settlement loss in 2020 related to U.S. defined benefit pension plans. See Note 18, “Employee plans,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of the settlement losses.

The loss from continuing operations before income taxes in 2021 was $461.7 million compared with a loss of $271.8 million in 2020. Included in the loss in 2021 and 2020 was $499.4 million and $142.1 million, respectively, of settlement losses related to

the company’s defined benefit pension plans as well as $23.2 million and $95.5 million of cost reduction charges in 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The benefit for income taxes in 2021 was $11.9 million compared with a provision of $45.4 million in 2020. The current period includes income tax benefits of $51.5 million related to the pension plan settlement losses in the Netherlands and Switzerland. In addition, in June 2021 the UK enacted an income tax rate increase from 19% to 25% for the fiscal year beginning April 1, 2023. The UK rate increase resulted in a deferred tax benefit of $17.7 million in 2021.

The company evaluates quarterly the realizability of its deferred tax assets by assessing its valuation allowance and by adjusting such amount, if necessary. The company records a tax provision or benefit for those international subsidiaries that do not have a full valuation allowance against their deferred tax assets. Any profit or loss recorded for the company’s U.S. operations will have no provision or benefit associated with it due to the company’s valuation allowance, except with respect to refundable tax credits and withholding taxes not creditable against future taxable income. As a result, the company’s provision or benefit for taxes may vary significantly period to period depending on the geographic distribution of income.

The realization of the company’s net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2021 is primarily dependent on the ability to generate sustained taxable income in various jurisdictions. Judgment is required to estimate forecasted future taxable income, which may be impacted by future business developments, actual results, strategic operational and tax initiatives, legislative, and other economic factors and developments. It is at least reasonably possible that the company’s judgment about the need for, and level of, existing valuation allowances could change in the near term based on changes in objective evidence such as further sustained income or loss in certain jurisdictions, as well as the other factors discussed above, primarily in certain jurisdictions outside of the United States. As such, the company will continue to monitor income levels and mix among jurisdictions, potential changes to the company’s operating and tax model, and other legislative or global developments in its determination. It is reasonably possible that such changes could result in a material impact to the company’s valuation allowance within the next 12 months. Any increase or decrease in the valuation allowance would result in additional or lower income tax expense in such period and could have a significant impact on that period’s earnings.

Net loss from continuing operations attributable to Unisys Corporation for 2021 was $448.5 million, or $6.75 per diluted share, compared with $317.7 million, or $5.05 per diluted share in 2020. Included in the loss in 2021 and 2020 was $447.9 million and $142.1 million, respectively, of after tax settlement losses related to the company’s defined benefit pension plans.

The company’s reportable segments are as follows:

The accounting policies of each segment are the same as those followed by the company as a whole. Intersegment sales and transfers are priced as if the sales or transfers were to third parties. Accordingly, the ECS segment records intersegment revenue and manufacturing profit on software and hardware shipments to customers under contracts of other segments. These segments, in turn, record customer revenue and marketing profits on such shipments of company hardware and software to customers. In the company’s consolidated statements of income (loss), the manufacturing costs of products sourced from the ECS segment and sold to other segments’ customers are reported in cost of revenue for these other segments.

Also included in the ECS segment’s sales and gross profit are sales of software and hardware sold to other segments for internal use in their engagements. The amount of such profit included in gross profit of the ECS segment for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $1.4 million and $7.8 million, respectively. The sale and profit on these transactions is eliminated in Corporate.

The company evaluates segment performance based on gross profit exclusive of the service costs component of postretirement income or expense, restructuring charges, amortization of purchased intangible and unusual and nonrecurring items, which are included in Corporate. Effective for the first quarter of 2021, the company also changed its internal measurement of segment profitability. Prior period amounts have therefore been reclassified to be comparable to the current period’s presentation.

Corporate assets are principally cash and cash equivalents, prepaid postretirement assets and deferred income taxes. The expense or income related to corporate assets and centrally incurred costs are allocated to the business segments. See Note 21, “Segment information,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Information by reportable segment is presented below:

Gross profit percent is as a percent of total revenue.

DWS revenue was $567.0 million in 2021 and $588.3 million in 2020. Revenue in 2021 was negatively impacted as the company exited certain non-strategic contracts that were not aligned to its targeted margin profile. Foreign currency fluctuations had a 2-percentage-point positive impact on DWS revenue in 2021 compared with 2020. Gross profit percent was 13.5% in 2021 and 9.4% in 2020. The increase in gross profit in 2021 compared with 2020 was due in part to improvements in efficiency as well as the company’s focus on higher margin solutions.

C&I revenue was $496.5 million in 2021 and $465.2 million in 2020. The increase in revenue in 2021 compared with 2020 was driven by continued momentum with public sector clients as well as other highly-regulated industries. Foreign currency fluctuations had a 2-percentage-point positive impact on C&I revenue in 2021 compared with 2020. Gross profit percent was 11.4% in 2021 and 5.0% in 2020. The increase in gross profit in 2021 compared with 2020 was due in part to improvements in efficiency.

ECS revenue was $677.5 million in 2021 and $659.7 million in 2020. Foreign currency fluctuations had a 2 percentage-point positive impact on ECS revenue in 2021 compared with 2020. Gross profit percent was 63.1% in 2021 and 56.9% in 2020. The increase in revenue and gross profit in 2021 compared with 2020 was due to higher sales of the company’s enterprise software.

See Note 3, “Recent accounting pronouncements and accounting changes,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on the company’s consolidated financial statements.

The company’s principal sources of liquidity are cash on hand, cash from operations and its revolving credit facility, discussed below. The company and certain international subsidiaries have access to uncommitted lines of credit from various banks. The company believes that it will have adequate sources of liquidity to meet its expected cash requirements through at least the next twelve months.

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2021 were $552.9 million compared with $898.5 million at December 31, 2020.

As of December 31, 2021, $326.6 million of cash and cash equivalents were held by the company’s foreign subsidiaries and branches operating outside of the U.S. The company may not be able to readily transfer up to one-third of these funds out of the country in which they are located as a result of local restrictions, contractual or other legal arrangements or commercial considerations. Additionally, any transfers of these funds to the U.S. in the future may require the company to accrue or pay withholding or other taxes on a portion of the amount transferred. See Note 8, “Income taxes,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements regarding the company’s intention to indefinitely reinvest earnings of foreign subsidiaries.

During 2021, cash provided by operating activities was $132.5 million compared with cash used for operations of $681.2 million during 2020. The operating cash improvement in 2021 was principally due to lower cash contributions to the company’s postretirement plans of $56.4 million in 2021 compared to $832.2 million in 2020.

Cash used for financing activities during 2021 was $105.5 million compared with cash provided by financing activities of $5.1 million during 2020. The cash used in 2021 was principally due to the convertible notes exchange.

The American Rescue Plan Act, which was signed into law in the U.S. on March 11, 2021, includes a provision for pension relief that extends the amortization period for required contributions from 7 to 15 years and provides for the stabilization of interest rates used to calculate future required contributions. As a result, the company was not required to make cash contributions in 2021 to its U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plans and did not make the previously-contemplated voluntary $200 million contribution to its U.S. pension plans in 2021. Based on year-end 2021 pension data and actuarial assumptions, which are likely to change in the future, the company is not expected to be required to make future cash contributions to its U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plans for at least the next 10 years.

Any future material deterioration in the value of the company’s U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan assets, as well as changes in pension legislation, discount rate changes, asset return changes, or changes in economic or demographic trends, could require the company to make cash contributions to its U.S. defined benefit pension plans that are not currently expected.

As described in Note 18, “Employee plans,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the company expects to make cash contributions of approximately $40.2 million in 2022, primarily for its international defined benefit pension plans compared with cash contributions of $52.4 million in 2021.

The company has commitments under operating leases for certain facilities and equipment used in its operations. As of December 31, 2021, the company’s operating lease liabilities were $81.5 million. The company also have a number of finance leases for equipment, with lease liabilities totaling $2.7 million as of December 31, 2021. See Note 6, “Leases and commitments,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information pertaining to future minimum lease payments relating to the company’s operating and finance lease obligations.

Additionally as described in Note 5, “Cost-reduction actions,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the company expects to make payments of approximately $14.9 million in 2022 related to the company’s work-force reduction actions and the company expects to make payments of approximately $1.4 million beyond 2022.

The company has a secured revolving credit facility (the Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility) that expires on October 29, 2025 that provides for revolving loans and letters of credit up to an aggregate amount of $145.0 million (with a limit on letters of credit of $40.0 million), with an accordion feature provision allowing for the aggregate amount available under the credit facility to be increased up to $175.0 million upon the satisfaction of certain conditions specified in the Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility. Availability under the credit facility is subject to a borrowing base calculated by reference to the

company’s receivables. At December 31, 2021, the company had no borrowings and $5.7 million of letters of credit outstanding, and availability under the facility was $80.4 million net of letters of credit issued.

The Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility is subject to a springing maturity, under which the Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility will immediately mature 91 days prior to any date on which contributions to pension funds in the United States in an amount in excess of $100.0 million are required to be paid unless the company is able to meet certain conditions, including that the company has the liquidity (as defined in the Amended and Restarted ABL Credit Facility) to cash settle the amount of such pension payments, no default or event of default has occurred under the Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility, the company’s liquidity is above $130.0 million and the company is in compliance with the then applicable fixed charge coverage ratio on a pro forma basis.

The Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility is guaranteed by Unisys Holding Corporation, Unisys NPL, Inc., Unisys AP Investment Company I, CompuGain LLC and CompuGain Public Services, LLC, each of which is a U.S. corporation or limited liability company that is directly or indirectly owned by the company (the subsidiary guarantors). The facility is secured by the assets of the company and the subsidiary guarantors, other than certain excluded assets, under a security agreement entered into by the company and the subsidiary guarantors in favor of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as agent for the lenders under the credit facility.

The company is required to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio if the availability under the Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility falls below the greater of 10% of the lenders’ commitments under the facility and $14.5 million.

The Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties, including, but not limited to, that there has been no material adverse change in the company’s business, properties, operations or financial condition. The Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility includes restrictions on the ability of the company and its subsidiaries to, among other things, incur other debt or liens, dispose of assets and make acquisitions, loans and investments, repurchase its equity, and prepay other debt. These restrictions are subject to several important limitations and exceptions. Events of default include non-payment, failure to comply with covenants, materially incorrect representations and warranties, change of control and default under other debt aggregating at least $50.0 million, subject to relevant cure periods, as applicable.

At December 31, 2021, the company has met all covenants and conditions under its various lending and funding agreements. The company expects to continue to meet these covenants and conditions through at least the next twelve months.

At December 31, 2021, the company had outstanding standby letters of credit and surety bonds totaling approximately $198 million related to performance and payment guarantees. On the basis of experience with these arrangements, the company believes that any obligations that may arise will not be material.

The company may, from time to time, redeem, tender for, or repurchase its securities in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions depending upon availability, market conditions and other factors.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Certain accounting policies, methods and estimates are particularly important because of their significance to the financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting them may differ from management’s current judgments. The company bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances; however, to the extent there are material differences between these estimates, judgments and assumptions and actual results, the financial statements will be affected. Although there are a number of accounting policies, methods and estimates affecting the company’s financial statements as described in Note 1, “Summary of significant accounting policies,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the following critical accounting policies reflect the significant estimates, judgments and assumptions. The development and selection of these critical accounting policies have been determined by management of the company and the related disclosures have been reviewed with the Audit and Finance Committee of the Board of Directors.

Many of the company’s sales agreements contain standard business terms and conditions; however, some agreements contain multiple performance obligations or non-standard terms and conditions. As discussed in Note 1, “Summary of significant accounting policies,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the company enters into arrangements that may include any combination of hardware, software or services. As a result, significant contract interpretation is sometimes required to determine the appropriate accounting, including how many performance obligations are present in an arrangement, whether they should be treated as separate performance obligations and when to recognize revenue and under what method for each performance obligation.

Accounting rules governing income taxes require that deferred tax assets and liabilities be recognized using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of recorded assets and liabilities. These rules also require that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized.

At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the company had deferred tax assets in excess of deferred tax liabilities of $1,332.3 million and $1,380.8 million, respectively. For the reasons cited below, at December 31, 2021 and 2020, management determined that it is more likely than not that $106.1 million and $109.3 million, respectively, of such assets will be realized, resulting in a valuation allowance of $1,226.2 million and $1,271.5 million, respectively.

The company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets by assessing its valuation allowance and by adjusting such amount, if necessary. The realization of the company’s deferred tax assets is dependent on the ability to generate sustained taxable income in various jurisdictions. Judgment is required to estimate forecasted future taxable income, which may be impacted by future business developments, actual results, strategic operational and tax initiatives, legislative, and other economic factors and developments. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” It is at least reasonably possible that the company’s judgment about the need for, and level of, existing valuation allowances could change in the near term based on changes in objective evidence such as further sustained income or loss in certain jurisdictions, as well as the other factors discussed above, primarily in certain jurisdictions outside of the United States. As such, the company will continue to monitor income levels and mix among jurisdictions, potential changes to the company’s operating and tax model, and other legislative or global developments in its determination. It is reasonably possible that such changes could result in a material impact to the Company’s valuation allowance within the next 12 months.

Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383 provide annual limitations with respect to the ability of a corporation to utilize its net operating loss (as well as certain built-in losses) and tax credit carryforwards, respectively (Tax Attributes), against future U.S. taxable income, if the corporation experiences an “ownership change.” In general terms, an ownership change may result from transactions increasing the ownership of certain stockholders in the stock of a corporation by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year period. The company regularly monitors ownership changes (as calculated for purposes of Section 382). The company has determined that, for purposes of the rules of Section 382 described above, an ownership change occurred in February 2011. Any future transaction or transactions and the timing of such transaction or transactions could trigger additional ownership changes under Section 382.

As a result of the February 2011 ownership change, utilization for certain of the company’s Tax Attributes, U.S. net operating losses and tax credits, is subject to an overall annual limitation of $70.6 million. The cumulative limitation as of December 31, 2021 is approximately $462.4 million. This limitation will be applied to any net operating losses and then to any other Tax Attributes. Any unused limitation may be carried over to later years. Based on presently available information and the existence of tax planning strategies, the company does not expect to incur a U.S. cash tax liability in the near term. The company maintains a full valuation allowance against the realization of all U.S. deferred tax assets as well as certain foreign deferred tax assets in excess of deferred tax liabilities. See Note 8, “Income taxes,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The company’s provision for income taxes and the determination of the resulting deferred tax assets and liabilities involve a significant amount of management judgment and are based on the best information available at the time. The company operates within federal, state and international taxing jurisdictions and is subject to audit in these jurisdictions. These audits can involve complex issues, which may require an extended period of time to resolve. As a result, the actual income tax liabilities in the jurisdictions with respect to any fiscal year are ultimately determined long after the financial statements have been published.

Accounting rules governing defined benefit pension plans require that amounts recognized in financial statements be determined on an actuarial basis. The measurement of the company’s pension obligations, costs and liabilities is dependent on a variety of assumptions selected by the company and used by the company’s actuaries. These assumptions include estimates of the present value of projected future pension payments to plan participants, taking into consideration the likelihood of potential

future events such as demographic experience. The assumptions used in developing the required estimates include the following key factors: discount rates, retirement rates, inflation, expected return on plan assets and mortality rates.

As permitted for purposes of computing pension expense, the company uses a calculated value of plan assets (which is further described below). This allows the effects of the performance of the pension plan’s assets on the company’s computation of pension income or expense to be amortized over future periods. A substantial portion of the company’s pension plan assets relates to its qualified defined benefit plans in the United States.

Funding requirements for its U.S. qualified pension plans are calculated by the plan’s actuaries based on certain assumptions as permitted under current regulations. Changes to the benefit obligation caused by a 25 basis point change noted below are related to the balance sheet obligation and are not necessarily indicative of the impact on the funding liability.

At the end of each year, the company determines the discount rate to be used to calculate the present value of plan liabilities. Inherent in deriving the discount rate are significant assumptions with respect to the timing and magnitude of expected benefit payment obligations. The discount rate is an estimate of the current interest rate at which the pension liabilities could be effectively settled at the end of the year. In estimating this rate, the company looks to rates of return on high-quality, fixed-income investments that (a) receive one of the two highest ratings given by a recognized ratings agency and (b) are currently available and expected to be available during the period to maturity of the pension benefits. At December 31, 2021, the company determined this rate to be 3.18% for its U.S. defined benefit pension plans, an increase of 33 basis points from the rate used at December 31, 2020, and 1.73% for the company’s non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans, an increase of 50 basis points from the rate used at December 31, 2020. A change of 25 basis points in the U.S. and non-U.S. discount rates causes a change in 2022 pension expense of approximately $1 million and $200 thousand, respectively, and a change of approximately $83 million and $102 million, respectively, in the benefit obligation. These estimates are intended to be illustrative based on a single 25 basis point change. The sensitivity to rate changes is not linear and additional changes in rates may result in a different impact on the pension liability. The net effect of changes in the discount rate, as well as the net effect of other changes in actuarial assumptions and experience, has been deferred, as permitted.

A significant element in determining the company’s pension income or expense is the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. The company sets the expected long-term rate of return based on the expected long-term return of the various asset categories in which it invests. The company considers the current expectations for future returns and the actual historical returns of each asset class. Also, because the company’s investment policy is to actively manage certain asset classes where the potential exists to outperform the broader market, the expected returns for those asset classes are adjusted to reflect the expected additional returns. For 2022, the company has assumed that the expected long-term rate of return on U.S. plan assets will be 6.50%, and on the company’s non-U.S. plan assets will be 3.88%. A change of 25 basis points in the expected long-term rate of return for the company’s U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans causes a change of approximately $7 million and $5 million, respectively, in 2022 pension expense. The assumed long-term rate of return on assets is applied to a calculated value of plan assets, which recognizes changes in the fair value of plan assets in a systematic manner over four years. This produces the expected return on plan assets that is included in pension income or expense. The difference between this expected return and the actual return on plan assets is deferred. The net deferral of past asset gains or losses affects the calculated value of plan assets and, ultimately, future pension income or expense. At December 31, 2021, for the company’s U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plans, the calculated value of plan assets was $3.14 billion and the fair value was $3.07 billion.

Gains and losses are defined as changes in the amount of either the projected benefit obligation or plan assets resulting from experience different from that assumed and from changes in assumptions. Because gains and losses may reflect refinements in estimates as well as real changes in economic values and because some gains in one period may be offset by losses in another and vice versa, the accounting rules do not require recognition of gains and losses as components of net pension cost of the period in which they arise.

At a minimum, amortization of an unrecognized net gain or loss must be included as a component of net pension cost for a year if, as of the beginning of the year, that unrecognized net gain or loss exceeds 10 percent of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the calculated value of plan assets. If amortization is required, the minimum amortization is that excess above the 10 percent divided by the average remaining life expectancy of the plan participants. For the company’s U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plans and the company’s non-U.S. pension plans, that period is approximately 14 and 23 years, respectively. At December 31, 2021, the estimated unrecognized loss for the company’s U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plans and the company’s non-U.S. pension plans was $2.10 billion and $850 million, respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the company recognized consolidated pension expense of $553.9 million (which includes $499.4 million settlement losses), compared with $235.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 (which includes a $142.1 million settlement loss). For 2022, the company expects to recognize pension expense of approximately $42.3 million. See Note 18, “Employee plans,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The company tests goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter using data as of September 30 of that year, as well as whenever there are events or changes in circumstances (triggering events) which suggest that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

The company initially assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. This qualitative assessment considers all relevant factors specific to the reporting units, including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance, and relevant entity-specific events.

If, after completing the qualitative assessment, the company determines it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the company proceeds to perform a subsequent quantitative goodwill impairment test. Alternatively, the company may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and perform the quantitative impairment test. The quantitative goodwill impairment test compares each reporting unit’s fair value to its carrying value. If the reporting unit’s fair value exceeds its carrying value, no further procedures are required. However, if a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying value, then an impairment charge is recorded in the amount of the excess.

When the company performs the quantitative goodwill impairment test for a reporting unit, it estimates the fair value of the reporting unit using both the income approach and the market approach. The methodology used to determine the fair values using the income and market approaches, as described below, are weighted to determine the fair value for each reporting unit.

The income approach is a forward-looking approach to estimating fair value and relies primarily on internal forecasts. Within the income approach, the method used is the discounted cash flow method. The company starts with a forecast of all expected net cash flows associated with the reporting unit, which includes the application of a terminal value, and then a reporting unit-specific discount rate is applied to arrive at a net present value amount. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in this approach include the amount and timing of projected net cash flows, long-term growth rate and the discount rate. Cash flow projections are based on management’s estimates of economic and market conditions, which drive key assumptions of revenue growth rates and operating margins. The discount rate in turn is based on various market factors and specific risk characteristics of each reporting unit.

The market approach relies primarily on external information for estimating the fair value. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in this approach include the selection of appropriate guideline companies and the selected performance metric used in this approach.

Estimating the fair value of reporting units requires the use of estimates and significant judgments about key assumptions. There are a number of factors including potential events and changes in circumstances that could change in future periods, including: projected operating results; valuation multiples exhibited by the company and by companies considered comparable to the reporting units; and other macro-economic factors that could impact the discount rate. It is reasonably possible that the judgments and estimates described above could change in future periods.

In January 2021, the company changed its organizational structure to more effectively address evolving client needs. With these changes, the company changed its reportable segments, operating segments and reporting units. The realignment and change was deemed a triggering event, resulting in the company performing an interim quantitative goodwill impairment test on the reporting units impacted by this segment change as of immediately before and immediately after the change. There were no impairment charges resulting from this analysis. As a result of the realignment, goodwill totaling $108.6 million was reallocated as follows: ECS, $98.3 million and Other, $10.3 million.

Goodwill by reporting unit at December 31, 2021, was as follows (dollars in millions):

After performing the annual goodwill impairment qualitative analysis during the fourth quarter of 2021, the company determined it was not necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test.

The company has exposure to interest rate risk from its debt. In general, the company’s long-term debt is fixed rate and, to the extent it has any, its short-term debt is variable rate. See Note 16, “Debt,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The company believes that the market risk assuming a hypothetical 10% increase in interest rates would not be material to the fair value of these financial instruments, or the related cash flows, or future results of operations.

As of December 31, 2021, the company had outstanding $478.1 million ($485.0 million face value) of senior secured notes due 2027. The interest rates on the notes are fixed and therefore do not expose the company to risk related to rising interest rates. As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of the senior secured notes due 2027 was $527.0 million.

The company is also exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risks. The company is a net receiver of currencies other than the U.S. dollar and, as such, can benefit from a weaker dollar, and can be adversely affected by a stronger dollar relative to currencies worldwide. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates, and in particular a strengthening of the U.S. dollar, may adversely affect consolidated revenue and operating margins as expressed in U.S. dollars. Currency exposure gains and losses are mitigated by purchasing components and incurring expenses in local currencies.

In addition, the company uses derivative financial instruments, primarily foreign exchange forward contracts, to reduce its exposure to market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates on intercompany balances. See Note 13, “Financial instruments and concentration of credit risks,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the company’s derivative financial instruments.

The company has performed a sensitivity analysis assuming a hypothetical 10% adverse movement in foreign currency exchange rates applied to these derivative financial instruments described above. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the analysis indicated that such market movements would have reduced the estimated fair value of these derivative financial instruments by approximately $55 million and $50 million, respectively. Based on changes in the timing and amount of interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate movements and the company’s actual exposures and hedges, actual gains and losses in the future may differ from the above analysis.

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Unisys Corporation

As discussed in Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for income taxes in 2020.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

February 22, 2022

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

Unisys Corporation:

The company assessed certain accounting matters that generally require consideration of forecasted financial information in context with the information reasonably available to us and the unknown future impacts of COVID-19 as of December 31, 2021 and through the date of this report. The accounting matters assessed included, but were not limited to the valuation of estimated credit losses, contract assets, outsourcing assets, marketable software, deferred tax assets, goodwill, purchased intangibles and other long-lived assets, and retirement and other post-employment benefits. While there was not a material impact to our consolidated financial position as of December 31, 2021 resulting from our assessments, our future assessment of our current expectations at that time of the future impacts and duration of COVID-19, as well as other factors, could result in material impacts to our consolidated financial position in future reporting periods. 

Recoverability of these costs is subject to various business risks. Quarterly, the company compares the carrying value of these assets with the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by them to determine if there is impairment. If impaired, these assets are reduced to an estimated fair value on a discounted cash flow basis. The company prepares its cash flow estimates based on assumptions that it believes to be reasonable but are also inherently uncertain. Actual future cash flows could differ from these estimates. The gross amount of outsourcing assets totaled $568.3 million and $692.1 million as of

December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and related accumulated amortization totaled $443.7 million and $518.2 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The company tests goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter using data as of September 30 of that year, as well as whenever there are events or changes in circumstances (triggering events) that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of one or more reporting units below its respective carrying amount. The company initially assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. This qualitative assessment considers all relevant factors specific to the reporting units, including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance, and relevant entity-specific events.

If the company determines that it is not more likely that the carrying amount for a reporting unit is less than its fair value, then subsequent quantitative goodwill impairment testing is not required. If the company determines that it is more likely than not that the carrying amount for a reporting unit is greater than its fair value, then it proceeds with a subsequent quantitative goodwill impairment test. Under the quantitative test, the company compares the fair value of each of its reporting units to their respective carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, an impairment charge is recognized for the difference. Impaired goodwill is written down to its fair value through a charge to the consolidated statement of income (loss) in the period the impairment is identified.

During the fourth quarter of 2021, the company performed its annual qualitative goodwill assessment and determined it was not necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test.

When the company performs the quantitative goodwill impairment test for a reporting unit, it estimates the fair value of the reporting unit using both the income approach and the market approach.

The income approach incorporates the use of a discounted cash flow method in which the estimated future cash flows and terminal values for each reporting unit are discounted to present value. Cash flow projections are based on management’s estimates of economic and market conditions, which drive key assumptions of revenue growth rates, operating margins, capital expenditures and working capital requirements. The discount rate in turn is based on various market factors and specific risk characteristics of each reporting unit.

The market approach estimates fair value by applying performance metric multiples to the reporting unit’s prior and expected operating performance. The multiples are derived from comparable publicly traded companies with similar operating and investment characteristics as the reporting unit.

If the fair value of the reporting unit derived using the income approach is significantly different from the fair value estimate using the market approach, the company reevaluates its assumptions used in the two models. When considering the weighting between the market approach and income approach, the company gives more weighting to the income approach. The higher weighting assigned to the income approach takes into consideration that the guideline companies used in the market approach generally represent larger diversified companies relative to the reporting units and may have different long-term growth prospects, among other factors.

In order to assess the reasonableness of the calculated reporting unit fair values, the company also compares the sum of the reporting units’ fair values to its market capitalization (per share stock price multiplied by shares outstanding) and calculates an implied control premium (the excess of the sum of the reporting units’ fair values over the market capitalization).

Estimating the fair value of reporting units requires the use of estimates and significant judgments that are based on a number of factors including actual operating results. It is reasonably possible that the judgments and estimates described above could change in future periods.

Finite-lived intangible assets purchased in a business combination are recorded at fair value and amortized to selling, general and administrative expense over their estimated useful lives. Finite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances would indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. An impairment charge would be recognized if the carrying value exceeds fair value in the consolidated statement of income (loss) in the period the impairment is identified.

At December 31 of each year, the company determines the fair value of its retirement benefits plan assets as well as the discount rate to be used to calculate the present value of plan liabilities. Management’s significant assumption used in the determination of the defined benefit pension plan obligations, and settlement losses associated with respect to the U.S. pension plans, is the discount rate. Inherent in deriving the discount rate are significant assumptions with respect to the timing and magnitude of expected benefit payment obligations. The discount rate is an estimate of the interest rate at which the retirement benefits could be effectively settled. In estimating the discount rate, the company looks to rates of return on high-quality, fixed-income investments currently available and expected to be available during the period to maturity of the retirement benefits. The company uses a portfolio of fixed-income securities, which receive at least the second-highest rating given by a recognized ratings agency.

At contract inception, the company assesses the goods and services promised in a contract with a customer and identifies as a performance obligation each promise to transfer to the customer either: (1) a good or service (or a bundle of goods or services) that is distinct or (2) a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. The company recognizes revenue only when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service to a customer.

The company must apply its judgment to determine the timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations as well as the transaction price and the amounts allocated to performance obligations including estimating variable consideration, adjusting the consideration for the effects of the time value of money and assessing whether an estimate of variable consideration is constrained.

Revenue from hardware sales is recognized upon the transfer of control to a customer, which is defined as an entity’s ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of an asset.

Revenue from software licenses is recognized at the inception of either the initial license term or the inception of an extension or renewal to the license term.

Revenue for operating leases is recognized on a monthly basis over the term of the lease and for sales-type leases at the inception of the lease term. Such revenue is not material to the company’s consolidated results of operations.

Revenue from equipment and software maintenance and post-contract support is recognized on a straight-line basis as earned over the terms of the respective contracts. Cost related to such contracts is recognized as incurred.

Revenue and profit under systems integration contracts are recognized over time as the company transfers control of goods or services. The company measures its progress toward satisfaction of its performance obligations using the cost-to-cost method, or when services have been performed, depending on the nature of the project. For contracts accounted for using the cost-to-cost method, revenue and profit recognized in any given accounting period are based on estimates of total projected contract costs. The estimates are continually reevaluated and revised, when necessary, throughout the life of a contract. Any adjustments to revenue and profit resulting from changes in estimates are accounted for in the period of the change in estimate. When estimates indicate that a loss will be incurred on a contract upon completion, a provision for the expected loss is recorded in the period in which the loss becomes evident. Revenue from such contracts is not material to the company’s consolidated results of operations.

In services arrangements, the company typically satisfies the performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time, because the client simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided as the company performs the services. The company’s services are provided on a time-and-materials basis, as a fixed-price contract or as a fixed-price per measure of output contract.

Revenue from time-and-material contracts is recognized on an output basis as labor hours are delivered.

In managed services, application management, business process outsourcing and other cloud-based services arrangements, the arrangement generally consists of a single performance obligation comprised of services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer. The promise to transfer the individual services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, is not distinct. The company applies a measure of progress (typically time-based) to any fixed consideration and allocates variable consideration to the periods of service, which are typically monthly or quarterly, based on usage. As a result, revenue is recognized over the period the services are provided either on a straight-line basis or on a usage basis, depending on the terms of the arrangement (such as whether the company is standing ready to perform or whether the contract has usage-based metrics). This results in revenue recognition that corresponds with the value to the client of the services transferred to date relative to the remaining services promised.

The company also enters into arrangements that may include any combination of hardware, software or services. For example, a client may purchase an enterprise server that includes operating system software. In addition, the arrangement may include post-contract support for the software and a contract for post-warranty maintenance for service of the hardware. These arrangements consist of multiple performance obligations, with control over hardware and software transferred in one reporting period and the software support and hardware maintenance services performed across multiple reporting periods. In another example, the company may provide desktop managed services to a client on a long-term multiple-year basis and periodically sell hardware and license software products to the client. The services are provided on a continuous basis across multiple reporting periods and control over the hardware and software products occurs in one reporting period.

The company allocates the total transaction price to be earned under an arrangement among the various performance obligations in proportion to their relative standalone selling prices. The standalone selling price for a performance obligation is the price at which the company would sell a promised good or service separately to a customer.

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using its best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary methods used to estimate standalone selling price are as follows: (1) the expected cost plus margin approach, under which the company forecasts its expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then adds an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service and (2) the percent discount off of list price approach.

In the Digital Workplace Solutions (DWS) and the Cloud and Infrastructure Solutions (C&I) segments, substantially all of the company’s performance obligations are satisfied over time as work progresses and therefore substantially all of the revenue in this segment is recognized over time. The company generally receives payment for these contracts over time as the performance obligations are satisfied.

In the Enterprise Computing Solutions (ECS) segment, substantially all of the company’s sales of software and hardware are transferred to customers at a single point in time. Revenue on these contracts is recognized when control over the product is transferred to the customer or a software license term begins. The company generally receives payment for these contracts upon signature or within 30 to 60 days.

The company discloses disaggregation of its customer revenue by geographic areas by segment (see Note 21, “Segment information”).

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, contract assets and deferred revenue (contract liabilities).

Revenue excludes taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue producing transaction and collected by the company from a customer (e.g., sales, use and value-added taxes). Revenue includes payments for shipping and handling activities.

The company treats the global intangible low-tax income tax, or GILTI, as a period cost when included in U.S. taxable income, and the base erosion and anti-abuse tax, or BEAT, as a period cost when incurred.

For those international subsidiaries operating in highly inflationary economies, the U.S. dollar is the functional currency, and as such, nonmonetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical exchange rates, and monetary assets and liabilities are translated at current exchange rates. Exchange gains and losses arising from remeasurement are included in other (expense), net.

On March 13, 2020, the company completed the sale of its U.S. Federal business to Science Applications International Corporation for cash of $1.2 billion. Net cash proceeds of the sale was $1,162.9 million (net of working capital adjustments and transaction costs).

Effective January 1, 2020, the company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which removed certain exceptions related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The new standard was applied to the presentation of the company’s U.S. Federal business, which is reflected in discontinued operations.

In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU No. 2021-08, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. This guidance requires that an acquirer recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as if it had originated the contracts. Deferred revenue acquired in a business combination is no longer required to be measured at its fair value, which had historically resulted in a deferred revenue impairment at the date of acquisition. The amendment is effective January 1, 2023 and early adoption is permitted. The company expects to adopt this new guidance effective January 1, 2022.

On June 3, 2021, the company acquired 100% of Unify Square, Inc. (Unify Square) for a purchase price consideration of $150.4 million on a cash-free, debt-free basis. The company funded the cash consideration and acquisition-related costs with cash on hand.

Headquartered in Bellevue, Washington, and with offices in the United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland, India, Australia and Lithuania, Unify Square is a leading experience management provider for secure collaboration and communication platforms. The acquisition is expected to enhance the company’s digital workplace solutions and enable the company to deliver higher value solutions to its clients.

The fair values of the total net assets acquired was as follows:

The company has finalized the purchase accounting related to Unify Square and the above amounts represent final fair values.

The goodwill represents expected synergies, intellectual capital and the acquired assembled workforce, none of which qualify for recognition as a separate intangible asset. Goodwill determined by the allocation of the purchase price has been recorded in the company’s DWS segment and is not deductible for tax purposes.

The following table summarizes the fair value of the intangible assets acquired and the related weighted average amortization period:

During 2021, the company incurred and expensed acquisition-related costs of $2.4 million, included within selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of income (loss).

During 2021, the company finalized its valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed resulting in measurement period adjustments that increased goodwill by $16.7 million primarily related to a decrease of $16.3 million in the fair value of the acquired intangible assets.

The company’s consolidated financial statements include the results of Unify Square commencing as of the acquisition date.

Pro forma information and revenue and operating results of Unify Square have not been presented as the impact is not material to the company’s consolidated financial statements.

On December 14, 2021, the company acquired 100% of CompuGain LLC (CompuGain), a leading cloud solutions provider, for a purchase price consideration of $87.0 million on a cash-free, debt-free basis. The purchase price is subject to customary adjustments based on closing cash, indebtedness and working capital. The company funded the cash consideration and acquisition-related costs with cash on hand.

The acquisition is expected to enhance the company’s delivery of rapid and agile cloud migration, application modernization and data value realization to our clients.

The preliminary fair values of the total net assets acquired was a follows:

At December 31, 2021, the company has not finalized the purchase accounting related to CompuGain and the above amounts represent preliminary estimated values. The preliminary purchase price allocation is subject to change as the company completes its determination of the final working capital and the fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities assumed, the impact of which could be material.

The goodwill represents expected synergies, intellectual capital and the acquired assembled workforce, none of which qualify for recognition as a separate intangible asset. Goodwill determined by the allocation of the purchase price will be recorded in the company’s C&I segment and is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value of the intangible assets acquired and the related weighted average amortization period:

During 2021, the company incurred and expensed acquisition-related costs of $1.1 million, included within selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of income (loss).

The company’s consolidated financial statements include the results of CompuGain commencing as of the acquisition date.

Pro forma information and revenue and operating results of CompuGain have not been presented as the impact is not material to the company’s consolidated financial statements.

On November 18, 2021, the company acquired 100% of the Mobinergy group of companies (Mobinergy), a leader in unified endpoint management. The purchase price consideration was not material. The acquisition is expected to enhance the company’s digital workplace solutions and enable the company to deliver higher value solutions to its clients.

The company’s consolidated financial statements include the results of Mobinergy commencing as of the acquisition date.

Pro forma information and revenue and operating results of Mobinergy have not been presented as the impact is not material to the company’s consolidated financial statements.

During 2021, the company recognized cost-reduction charges and other costs of $23.2 million. The net charges related to work-force reductions were $0.4 million, principally related to severance costs, and were comprised of: (a) a charge of $12.3 million and (b) a credit of $11.9 million for changes in estimates. In addition, the company recorded charges of $22.8 million comprised of $4.0 million for net foreign currency losses related to exiting foreign countries, $12.6 million for asset impairments and $6.2 million for other expenses related to cost-reduction efforts.

During 2020, the company recognized cost-reduction charges and other costs of $95.5 million. The net charges related to work-force reductions were $25.5 million principally, related to severance costs, and were comprised of: (a) a charge of $39.0 million and (b) a credit of $13.5 million for changes in estimates. In addition, the company recorded charges of $70.0 million

comprised of $32.3 million for net foreign currency losses related to exiting foreign countries, $24.0 million for asset impairments and $13.7 million for other expenses related to cost-reduction efforts.

During 2019, the company recognized cost-reduction charges and other costs of $28.7 million. The net charges related to work-force reductions were $22.1 million, principally related to severance costs, and were comprised of: (a) a charge of $25.7 million and (b) a credit of $3.6 million for changes in estimates. In addition, the company recorded charges of $6.6 million comprised of $4.6 million for lease abandonment costs, $1.1 million for asset write-offs and $0.9 million for other expenses related to cost-reduction efforts.

The charges (credits) were recorded in the following statement of income (loss) classifications:

Liabilities and expected future payments related to the company’s work-force reduction actions are as follows:

The company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. This determination generally depends on whether the arrangement conveys to the company the right to control the use of an explicitly or implicitly identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Control of an underlying asset is conveyed to the company if the company obtains the rights to direct the use of and to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from using the underlying asset. The company is the lessee in lease agreements that include lease and non-lease components, which the company accounts for as a single lease component for all personal property leases. The company also has lease agreements in which it is the lessor that include lease and non-lease components. For these agreements, the company accounts for these components as a single lease component. Lease expense for variable leases and short-term leases is recognized when the expense is incurred.

Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets, other accrued liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Operating lease payments are recognized as lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Finance leases are included in outsourcing assets, net and long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets. Finance lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are initially measured in the same manner as operating leases. Finance lease ROU assets are amortized using the straight-line method. Finance lease liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

The company has not capitalized leases with terms of twelve months or less.

As most of the company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the company uses its incremental borrowing rate, based on the information available at the lease commencement date, in determining the present value of lease payments. The company determines the incremental borrowing rate using the portfolio approach considering lease term and lease currency.

The lease term for all of the company’s leases includes the non-cancelable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either a company option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that the company is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease controlled by the lessor.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability are comprised of fixed payments, variable payments that depend on index or rate, amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee and the exercise of the company option to purchase the underlying asset, if reasonably certain.

Variable lease payments associated with the company’s leases are recognized when the event, activity, or circumstance in the lease agreement on which those payments are assessed occurs. Variable lease payments are presented as an operating expense in the company’s consolidated results of operations in the same line item as expense arising from fixed lease payments (operating leases) or amortization of the ROU asset (finance leases).

The company monitors for events or changes in circumstances that require a reassessment of its leases. When a reassessment results in the remeasurement of a lease liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the corresponding ROU asset unless doing so would reduce the carrying amount of the ROU asset to an amount less than zero. In that case, the amount of the adjustment that would result in a negative ROU asset balance is recorded in the consolidated statement of income (loss).

The company has commitments under operating leases for certain facilities and equipment used in its operations. The company also has finance leases for equipment. The company’s leases generally have initial lease terms ranging from 1 year to 8 years, most of which include options to extend or renew the leases for up to 5 years, and some of which may include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. Certain lease agreements contain provisions for future rent increases.

ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations are as follows:

For transactions where the company is considered the lessor, revenue for operating leases is recognized on a monthly basis over the term of the lease and for sales-type leases at the inception of the lease term. These amounts were immaterial for all periods presented. As of December 31, 2021, receivables under sales-type leases before the allowance for unearned income were collectible as follows:

At December 31, 2021, the company had outstanding standby letters of credit and surety bonds totaling approximately $198 million related to performance and payment guarantees. On the basis of experience with these arrangements, the company believes that any obligations that may arise will not be material. In addition, at December 31, 2021, the company had deposits and collateral of approximately $8 million in other long-term assets, principally related to tax contingencies in Brazil.

Other (expense), net is comprised of the following: