CAWLEY, GILLESPIE & ASSOCIATES, INC.
PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
| | | | | | | | |
| 6500 RIVER PLACE BLVD, SUITE 3-200 | 306 WEST SEVENTH STREET, SUITE 302 | 1000 LOUISIANA STREET, SUITE 1900 |
| AUSTIN, TEXAS 78730-1111 | FORT WORTH, TEXAS 76102-4987 | HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002-5008 |
| 512-249-7000 | 817- 336-2461 | 713-651-9944 |
www.cgaus.com
January 24, 2024
Mr. Ken Beattie
Chief Operating Officer & Senior Vice President
CrownQuest Operating, LLC
18 Desta Drive
Midland, TX 79710
| | | | | |
| Re: | Reserve Audit — SEC Pricing |
| CrownRock LP Interests |
| Total Proved Reserves |
| As of December 31, 2023 |
| Pursuant to the Guidelines of the |
| Securities and Exchange Commission for |
| Reporting Corporate Reserves and |
| Future Net Revenue |
Dear Mr. Beattie:
As requested, this report was prepared January 24, 2024 for CrownRock LP (“CrownRock”) for the purpose of public disclosure by CrownRock or its affiliates in filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in accordance with the disclosure requirements set forth in the SEC regulations. We audited 100% of CrownRock reserves, which are made up of oil and gas properties in New Mexico and Texas. Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. (“CG&A”) has examined the CrownQuest Operating, LLC (CrownQuest) in-house estimates as of December 31, 2023, prepared using constant prices and costs, and conforms to Item 1202(a)(8) of Regulation S-K and other rules of the SEC. The estimates as prepared by CrownQuest are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net Reserves | | Proved
Developed
Producing | Proved
Developed
Non-
Producing | Proved
Developed | Proved Undeveloped | Total
Proved |
| | | | | |
| Oil | - Mbbl | 104,906.5 | 16,823.0 | 121,729.5 | 150,303.3 | 272,032.8 |
| Gas | - MMcf | 503,436.7 | 54,071.8 | 557,508.5 | 516,632.6 | 1,074,141.1 |
| NGL | - Mgal | 4,241,801.3 | 455,592.3 | 4,697,393.6 | 4,352,985.4 | 9,050,378.9 |
| Future Net Revenue | - M$ | 10,320,887.5 | 1,539,385.2 | 11,860,272.7 | 13,899,017.8 | 25,759,290.6 |
| Future Production Costs | - M$ | 3,182,873.1 | 237,720.9 | 3,420,594.0 | 2,433,592.2 | 5,854,186.2 |
| Taxes | - M$ | 720,784.0 | 108,344.6 | 829,128.6 | 963,032.3 | 1,792,160.9 |
Future Development Costs | - M$ | 5,187.2 | 149,081.5 | 154,268.7 | 3,194,503.1 | 3,348,771.8 |
Net Operating Income (BFIT) | - M$ | 6,412,043.2 | 1,044,238.3 | 7,456,281.5 | 7,307,890.2 | 14,764,171.6 |
| Discounted @ 10% | - M$ | 4,021,205.5 | 707,966.9 | 4,729,172.4 | 3,644,745.4 | 8,373,917.8 |
CrownRock LP Interests
Reserve Evaluation – SEC Pricing
January 24, 2024
Page 2
Future net revenue is prior to deducting state production taxes and ad valorem taxes. Future net cash flow (net operating income) is after deducting these taxes, future capital (development) costs and operating (production) expenses, but before consideration of federal income taxes. In accordance with SEC guidelines, the future net cash flow has been discounted at an annual rate of ten percent to determine its “present worth”. The present worth is shown to indicate the effect of time on the value of money and should not be construed as being the fair market value of the properties.
The oil reserves, which include oil and condensate volumes, are expressed in barrels (42 U.S. gallons) and natural gas liquids (“NGL”) volumes are in gallons. Gas volumes are expressed in thousands of standard cubic feet (Mcf) at contract temperature and pressure base.
Hydrocarbon Pricing
The base SEC oil and gas prices calculated for December 31, 2023 were $74.70/bbl and $2.64/MMBTU, respectively. As specified by the SEC, a company must use a 12-month average price, calculated as the unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within the 12-month period prior to the end of the reporting period. The base oil and gas prices are based upon West Texas Intermediate (Plains Posted) and Henry Hub (Platts Gas Daily) spot prices, respectively, for January 1, 2023 through December 1, 2023.
The base prices shown above were adjusted for differentials on a per-property basis, which may include local basis differentials, transportation, gas shrinkage, gas heating value (BTU content) and/or crude quality and gravity corrections. NGL prices on average were applied to all properties at 29.2% of WTI prices. After these adjustments, the net realized prices for the SEC price case over the life of the proved properties was estimated to be $77.55 per barrel for oil, -$0.04 per MCF for gas, and $0.52 per gallon for NGL. All economic factors were held constant in accordance with SEC guidelines.
Future Development Costs, Expenses and Taxes
Ownership was accepted as furnished and has not been independently confirmed. Oil and gas price differentials, gas shrinkage, ad valorem taxes, severance taxes, lease operating expenses and investments were calculated and prepared by CrownQuest and were reviewed by us for reasonableness. Lease operating expenses were determined at either the field or individual well level using averages calculated from historical lease operating statements. All economic parameters, including lease operating expenses and investments, were held constant (not escalated) throughout the life of these properties in accordance with SEC guidelines.
SEC Conformance and Regulations
The reserve classifications and the economic considerations used herein conform to the criteria of the SEC as defined in pages 6 and 7 of the Appendix. The reserves and economics are predicated on regulatory agency classifications, rules, policies, laws, taxes and royalties currently in effect except as noted herein. Government policies and market conditions different from those employed in this report may cause (1) the total quantity of oil or gas to be recovered, (2) actual production rates, (3) prices received, or (4) operating and capital costs to vary from those presented in this report. However, we do not anticipate nor are we aware of any legislative changes or restrictive regulatory actions that may impact the recovery of reserves.
CG&A evaluated 47 Proved Developed Non-Producing (drilled but uncompleted) and 595 Proved Undeveloped locations targeting various reservoirs in New Mexico and Texas, all of which are commercial using required SEC pricing. Non-producing and undeveloped reserves were assigned based on specific type curves and analogy to recent, modern completions. Furthermore, the development schedule and capital costs for drilling and completions were provided by CrownQuest and accepted as provided upon review for reasonableness.
CrownRock LP Interests
Reserve Evaluation – SEC Pricing
January 24, 2024
Page 3
Each of these commercial drilling locations proposed as part of CrownQuest’s development plan conforms to the proved undeveloped standards as set forth by the SEC. In our opinion, CrownQuest has indicated it has every intent to complete this development plan as scheduled. Furthermore, CrownQuest has demonstrated it has adequate company staffing, financial backing and prior development success to ensure this development plan will be fully executed.
Reserve Estimation Methods
The methods employed in estimating reserves are described on page 5 of the Appendix. Reserves for proved developed producing wells were estimated using production performance methods for the vast majority of properties. Certain new producing properties with very little production history were forecast using a combination of production performance and analogy to similar production, both of which are considered to provide a relatively high degree of accuracy.
Non-producing reserve estimates, for both developed and undeveloped properties, were forecast using either volumetric or analogy methods, or a combination of both. These methods provide a relatively high degree of accuracy for predicting proved developed non-producing and proved undeveloped reserves. The assumptions, data, methods and procedures used herein are appropriate for the purpose served by this report.
General Discussion
An on-site field inspection of the properties has not been performed. The mechanical operation or condition of the wells and their related facilities have not been examined nor have the wells been tested by Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. (“CG&A”) Possible environmental liability related to the properties has not been investigated nor considered. The cost of plugging and the salvage value of equipment at abandonment have NOT been included as directed by CrownQuest.
The estimates and forecasts were based upon interpretations of data furnished by your office and available from our files. To some extent information from public records has been used to check and/or supplement these data. The basic engineering and geological data were subject to third party reservations and qualifications. Nothing has come to our attention, however, that would cause us to believe that we are not justified in relying on such data. All estimates represent our best judgment based on the data available at the time of preparation. Due to inherent uncertainties in future production rates, commodity prices and geologic conditions, it should be realized that the reserve estimates, the reserves actually recovered, the revenue derived therefrom and the actual cost incurred could be more or less than the estimated amounts.
Opinion
Please be advised that, based upon the foregoing, in our opinion the above-described estimates of the direct interests of CrownRock LP’s reserves and economics are, in the aggregate, reasonable and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted petroleum engineering and evaluation principles as set forth in the Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserve Information promulgated by the Society of Petroleum Engineers. In general, CG&A reserve estimates are within 10% of CrownQuest’s in-house reserve estimates shown in the tables above for CrownRock LP properties.
Closing
Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. is a Texas Registered Engineering Firm (F-693), made up of independent registered professional engineers and geologists that have provided petroleum consulting services to the oil and gas industry for over 60 years. The lead evaluator preparing this report was W. Todd Brooker, P.E.,
CrownRock LP Interests
Reserve Evaluation – SEC Pricing
January 24, 2024
Page 4
President at Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. and a State of Texas Licensed Professional Engineer (License #83462). We do not own an interest in the properties or CrownRock LP and are not employed on a contingent basis. We have used all methods and procedures that we consider necessary under the circumstances to prepare this report. Our work-papers and related data utilized in the preparation of these estimates are available in our office.
The professional qualifications of the undersigned, the technical person primarily responsible for the preparation of this report, are included as an attachment to this letter. This letter is for the use of CrownRock LP. and should not be used, circulated, or quoted for any other purpose without the express written consent of Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. or except as required by law.
Sincerely,
CAWLEY, GILLESPIE & ASSOCIATES, INC.
Texas Registered Engineering Firm F-693
/s/ W. Todd Brooker
W. Todd Brooker, P.E.
TBPELS License No. 83462
President
[SEAL]
/s/ Robert P. Bergeron, Jr.
Robert P. Bergeron, Jr., P.E
TBPELS License No. 95592
Partner
[SEAL]
CrownRock LP Interests – SEC Pricing
January 23, 2024
Page 5
Methods Employed in the Estimation of Reserves The four methods customarily employed in the estimation of reserves are (1) production performance, (2) material balance, (3) volumetric and (4) analogy. Most estimates, although based primarily on one method, utilize other methods depending on the nature and extent of the data available and the characteristics of the reservoirs.
Basic information includes production, pressure, geological and laboratory data. However, a large variation exists in the quality, quantity and types of information available on individual properties. Operators are generally required by regulatory authorities to file monthly production reports and may be required to measure and report periodically such data as well pressures, gas-oil ratios, well tests, etc. As a general rule, an operator has complete discretion in obtaining and/or making available geological and engineering data. The resulting lack of uniformity in data renders impossible the application of identical methods to all properties, and may result in significant differences in the accuracy and reliability of estimates.
A brief discussion of each method, its basis, data requirements, applicability and generalization as to its relative degree of accuracy follows:
Production performance. This method employs graphical analyses of production data on the premise that all factors which have controlled the performance to date will continue to control and that historical trends can be extrapolated to predict future performance. The only information required is production history. Capacity production can usually be analyzed from graphs of rates versus time or cumulative production. This procedure is referred to as "decline curve" analysis. Both capacity and restricted production can, in some cases, be analyzed from graphs of producing rate relationships of the various production components. Reserve estimates obtained by this method are generally considered to have a relatively high degree of accuracy with the degree of accuracy increasing as production history accumulates.
Material balance. This method employs the analysis of the relationship of production and pressure performance on the premise that the reservoir volume and its initial hydrocarbon content are fixed and that this initial hydrocarbon volume and recoveries therefrom can be estimated by analyzing changes in pressure with respect to production relationships. This method requires reliable pressure and temperature data, production data, fluid analyses and knowledge of the nature of the reservoir. The material balance method is applicable to all reservoirs, but the time and expense required for its use is dependent on the nature of the reservoir and its fluids. Reserves for depletion type reservoirs can be estimated from graphs of pressures corrected for compressibility versus cumulative production, requiring only data that are usually available. Estimates for other reservoir types require extensive data and involve complex calculations most suited to computer models which makes this method generally applicable only to reservoirs where there is economic justification for its use. Reserve estimates obtained by this method are generally considered to have a degree of accuracy that is directly related to the complexity of the reservoir and the quality and quantity of data available.
Volumetric. This method employs analyses of physical measurements of rock and fluid properties to calculate the volume of hydrocarbons in-place. The data required are well information sufficient to determine reservoir subsurface datum, thickness, storage volume, fluid content and location. The volumetric method is most applicable to reservoirs which are not susceptible to analysis by production performance or material balance methods. These are most commonly newly developed and/or no-pressure depleting reservoirs. The amount of hydrocarbons in-place that can be recovered is not an integral part of the volumetric calculations but is an estimate inferred by other methods and a knowledge of the nature of the reservoir. Reserve estimates obtained by this method are generally considered to have a low degree of accuracy; but the degree of accuracy can be relatively high where rock quality and subsurface control is good and the nature of the reservoir is uncomplicated.
Analogy. This method which employs experience and judgment to estimate reserves, is based on observations of similar situations and includes consideration of theoretical performance. The analogy method is a common approach used for “resource plays,” where an abundance of wells with similar production profiles facilitates the reliable estimation of future reserves with a relatively high degree of accuracy. The analogy method is applicable where the data are insufficient or so inconclusive that reliable reserve estimates cannot be made by other methods. Reserve estimates obtained by this method are generally considered to have a relatively low degree of accuracy.
Much of the information used in the estimation of reserves is itself arrived at by the use of estimates. These estimates are subject to continuing change as additional information becomes available. Reserve estimates which presently appear to be correct may be found to contain substantial errors as time passes and new information is obtained about well and reservoir performance.
Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc.
CrownRock LP Interests – SEC Pricing
January 23, 2024
Page 6
APPENDIX
Reserve Definitions and Classifications The Securities and Exchange Commission, in SX Reg. 210.4-10 dated November 18, 1981, as amended on September 19, 1989 and January 1, 2010, requires adherence to the following definitions of oil and gas reserves:
"(22) Proved oil and gas reserves. Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible—from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations— prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.
"(i)The area of a reservoir considered as proved includes: (A) The area identified by drilling and limited by fluid contacts, if any, and (B) Adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that can, with reasonable certainty, be judged to be continuous with it and to contain economically producible oil or gas on the basis of available geoscience and engineering data.
"(ii)In the absence of data on fluid contacts, proved quantities in a reservoir are limited by the lowest known hydrocarbons (LKH) as seen in a well penetration unless geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establishes a lower contact with reasonable certainty.
"(iii)Where direct observation from well penetrations has defined a highest known oil (HKO) elevation and the potential exists for an associated gas cap, proved oil reserves may be assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir only if geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establish the higher contact with reasonable certainty.
"(iv)Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (including, but not limited to, fluid injection) are included in the proved classification when: (A) Successful testing by a pilot project in an area of the reservoir with properties no more favorable than in the reservoir as a whole, the operation of an installed program in the reservoir or an analogous reservoir, or other evidence using reliable technology establishes the reasonable certainty of the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based; and (B) The project has been approved for development by all necessary parties and entities, including governmental entities.
"(v)Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. The price shall be the average price during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered by the report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions.
"(6) Developed oil and gas reserves. Developed oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that can be expected to be recovered:
“(i)Through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well; and
“(ii)Through installed extraction equipment and infrastructure operational at the time of the reserves estimate if the extraction is by means not involving a well.
"(31) Undeveloped oil and gas reserves. Undeveloped oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.
“(i)Reserves on undrilled acreage shall be limited to those directly offsetting development spacing areas that are reasonably certain of production when drilled, unless evidence using reliable technology exists that establishes reasonable certainty of economic producibility at greater distances.
“(ii)Undrilled locations can be classified as having undeveloped reserves only if a development plan has been adopted indicating that they are scheduled to be drilled within five years, unless the specific circumstances, justify a longer time.
“(iii)Under no circumstances shall estimates for undeveloped reserves be attributable to any acreage for which an application of fluid injection or other improved recovery technique is contemplated, unless such techniques have been proved effective by actual projects in the same reservoir or an analogous reservoir, as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, or by other evidence using reliable technology establishing reasonable certainty.
Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc.
CrownRock LP Interests – SEC Pricing
January 23, 2024
Page 7
"(18) Probable reserves. Probable reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves but which, together with proved reserves, are as likely as not to be recovered.
“(i)When deterministic methods are used, it is as likely as not that actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the sum of estimated proved plus probable reserves. When probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 50% probability that the actual quantities recovered will equal or exceed the proved plus probable reserves estimates.
“(ii)Probable reserves may be assigned to areas of a reservoir adjacent to proved reserves where data control or interpretations of available data are less certain, even if the interpreted reservoir continuity of structure or productivity does not meet the reasonable certainty criterion. Probable reserves may be assigned to areas that are structurally higher than the proved area if these areas are in communication with the proved reservoir.
“(iii)Probable reserves estimates also include potential incremental quantities associated with a greater percentage recovery of the hydrocarbons in place than assumed for proved reserves.
“(iv)See also guidelines in paragraphs (17)(iv) and (17)(vi) of this section (below).
"(17) Possible reserves. Possible reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than probable reserves.
“(i)When deterministic methods are used, the total quantities ultimately recovered from a project have a low probability of exceeding proved plus probable plus possible reserves. When probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 10% probability that the total quantities ultimately recovered will equal or exceed the proved plus probable plus possible reserves estimates.
“(ii)Possible reserves may be assigned to areas of a reservoir adjacent to probable reserves where data control and interpretations of available data are progressively less certain. Frequently, this will be in areas where geoscience and engineering data are unable to define clearly the area and vertical limits of commercial production from the reservoir by a defined project.
“(iii)Possible reserves also include incremental quantities associated with a greater percentage recovery of the hydrocarbons in place than the recovery quantities assumed for probable reserves.
“(iv)The proved plus probable and proved plus probable plus possible reserves estimates must be based on reasonable alternative technical and commercial interpretations within the reservoir or subject project that are clearly documented, including comparisons to results in successful similar projects.
“(v)Possible reserves may be assigned where geoscience and engineering data identify directly adjacent portions of a reservoir within the same accumulation that may be separated from proved areas by faults with displacement less than formation thickness or other geological discontinuities and that have not been penetrated by a wellbore, and the registrant believes that such adjacent portions are in communication with the known (proved) reservoir. Possible reserves may be assigned to areas that are structurally higher or lower than the proved area if these areas are in communication with the proved reservoir.
“(vi)Pursuant to paragraph (22)(iii) of this section (above), where direct observation has defined a highest known oil (HKO) elevation and the potential exists for an associated gas cap, proved oil reserves should be assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir above the HKO only if the higher contact can be established with reasonable certainty through reliable technology. Portions of the reservoir that do not meet this reasonable certainty criterion may be assigned as probable and possible oil or gas based on reservoir fluid properties and pressure gradient interpretations.”
Instruction 4 of Item 2(b) of Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-K was revised January 1, 2010 to state that "a registrant engaged in oil and gas producing activities shall provide the information required by Subpart 1200 of Regulation S–K." This is relevant in that Instruction 2 to paragraph (a)(2) states: “The registrant is permitted, but not required, to disclose probable or possible reserves pursuant to paragraphs (a)(2)(iv) through (a)(2)(vii) of this Item.”
"(26) Reserves. Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations. In addition, there must exist, or there must be a reasonable expectation that there will exist, the legal right to produce or a revenue interest in the production, installed means of delivering oil and gas or related substances to market, and all permits and financing required to implement the project.
“Note to paragraph (26): Reserves should not be assigned to adjacent reservoirs isolated by major, potentially sealing, faults until those reservoirs are penetrated and evaluated as economically producible. Reserves should not be assigned to areas that are clearly separated from a known accumulation by a non-productive reservoir (i.e., absence of reservoir, structurally low reservoir, or negative test results). Such areas may contain prospective resources (i.e., potentially recoverable resources from undiscovered accumulations).”
Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc.
CAWLEY, GILLESPIE & ASSOCIATES, INC.
PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
| | | | | | | | |
| 6500 RIVER PLACE BLVD, SUITE 3-200 | 306 WEST SEVENTH STREET, SUITE 302 | 1000 LOUISIANA STREET, SUITE 1900 |
| AUSTIN, TEXAS 78730-1111 | FORT WORTH, TEXAS 76102-4987 | HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002-5008 |
| 512-249-7000 | 817- 336-2461 | 713-651-9944 |
www.cgaus.com
Professional Qualifications of W. Todd Brooker, P.E.
Primary Technical Person
The evaluation summarized by this report was conducted by a proficient team of geologists and reservoir engineers who integrate geological, geophysical, engineering and economic data to produce high quality reserve estimates and economic forecasts. This report was supervised by Todd Brooker, President of Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. (CG&A).
Prior to joining CG&A, Mr. Brooker worked in Gulf of Mexico drilling and production engineering at Chevron USA. Mr. Brooker has been an employee of CG&A since 1992 and became President in 2017. His responsibilities include reserve and economic evaluations, fair market valuations, expert reporting and testimony, field/reservoir studies, pipeline resource assessments, field development planning and acquisition/divestiture analysis. His reserve reports are routinely used for public company U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) disclosures. His experience includes significant projects in both conventional and unconventional resources in every major U.S. producing basin and abroad, including oil and gas shale plays, coalbed methane fields, waterfloods and complex, faulted structures.
Mr. Brooker graduated with honors from the University of Texas at Austin in 1989 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Petroleum Engineering. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas (License #83462), and a member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) and the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE).
Based on his educational background, professional training and more than 30 years of experience, Mr. Brooker and CG&A continue to deliver independent, professional, ethical and reliable engineering and geological services to the petroleum industry.
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| CAWLEY, GILLESPIE & ASSOCIATES, INC. |
TEXAS REGISTERED ENGINEERING FIRM F-693 |
