Coherent (COHR) 10-K2020 FY Annual report

The following is a summary of the material risks and uncertainties that could cause our business, financial condition or operating results to be adversely impacted. We encourage you to carefully review the full risk factors contained in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” herein in their entirety for additional information regarding these risks and uncertainties.

The completion of the Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain additional customary closing conditions, including review and approval of the Merger by the State Administration for Market Regulation in China. Subject to the satisfaction or waiver of each of the closing conditions, II-VI expects that the Merger will be completed by the end of the first calendar quarter of 2022. However, it is possible that factors outside the control of both companies could result in the Merger being completed at a different time or not at all.

Our mission is “Enabling the world to be safer, healthier, closer, and more efficient.”

Our vision is “A world transformed through innovative materials vital to a better life today and the sustainability of future generations.”

Our core values are: Integrity, Collaboration, Accountability, Respect, and Enthusiasm (I CARE).

Our people are essential to fulfilling our mission and working toward our vision. As a result, our human capital strategies are core to the long-term success of the Company.

As of June 30, 2021, the Company employed approximately 23,000 employees worldwide.

The following are certain risk factors that could affect our business, results of operations, financial position or cash flows. These risk factors should be considered along with the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, because these factors could cause our actual results or financial condition to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements. The following discussion is not an all-inclusive listing of risks, although we believe these are the material risks that we face. If any of the following occur, our business, results of operations, financial position, or cash flows could be adversely affected. You should carefully consider these factors, as well as the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, when evaluating an investment in our securities.

We continue to make investments in programs with the goal of gaining a greater share of end markets using semiconductor lasers and other components, including those used for 3D sensing and emerging 5G technology. We cannot guarantee that our investments in capital and capabilities will be sufficient. The potential end markets, as well as our ability to gain market share in such markets, may not materialize on the timeline anticipated or at all. We cannot be sure of the end market price, specification, or yield for products incorporating our technologies. Our technologies could fail to fulfill, partially or completely, our target customers’ specifications. We cannot guarantee the end market customers’ acceptance of our technologies. Further, we may be unable to fulfill the terms of our contracts with our target customers, which could result in penalties of a material nature, including damages, loss of market share, and loss of reputation.

To meet our strategic objectives, we must develop, manufacture, and market new products and continue to update our existing products and processes to keep pace with market developments to address increasingly sophisticated customer requirements. Our success in developing and selling new and enhanced products and processes depends upon a variety of factors, including strategic product selection, efficient completion of product design and development, timely implementation of manufacturing and assembly processes, effective sales and marketing, and high-quality and successful product performance in the market.

The introduction by our competitors of products or processes using new developments that are better or faster than ours could render our products or processes obsolete or unmarketable. We intend to continue to make significant investments in research, development, and engineering to achieve our goals. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop and introduce new products or enhancements to our existing products and processes in a manner which satisfies customer needs or achieves market acceptance. The failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our ability to grow our business and maintain our competitive position and on our results of operations and/or financial condition.

The outbreak of a widespread health crisis, whether global in scope or localized in an area in which we, our customers or our suppliers do business, could have a material adverse effect on our operations and the operations of our suppliers and customers. Potential impacts on our operations include:

In the early stages of the outbreak of the global novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in 2020, we closely monitored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of our business, including the impact to our suppliers, customers, and employees, as well as

the impact to the countries and markets in which we operate. We began focusing intensely on mitigating the adverse impacts of COVID-19 on our foreign and domestic operations, starting by protecting our employees, suppliers, and customers. While we believe that we have been successful in identifying, managing, and mitigating the economic disruption impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on us, we cannot provide any assurance that we similarly will be able to mitigate the impacts of any future widespread health crises, including as a result of any variants of COVID-19. Factors beyond our current knowledge or control, including the duration and severity of any outbreak, as well as any resulting governmental and regulatory actions, could cause any such crisis to have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Current and future conditions in the global economy have an inherent degree of uncertainty. As a result, it is difficult to estimate the level of growth or contraction of the global economy as a whole. It is even more difficult to estimate growth or contraction in various parts, sectors, and regions of the economy, including the industrial, aerospace and defense, optical communications, telecommunications, semiconductor, consumer, and medical and life science markets in which we participate. All aspects of our forecasts depend on estimates of growth or contraction in the markets we serve. Thus, prevailing global economic uncertainties render estimates of future income and expenditures very difficult to make.

Global economic downturns may affect industries in which our customers operate. These changes could include decreases in the rate of consumption or use of our customers’ products. Such conditions could have a material adverse effect on demand for our customers’ products and, in turn, on demand for our products.

Adverse changes may occur in the future as a result of declining or flat global or regional economic conditions, fluctuations in currency and commodity prices, wavering confidence, capital expenditure reductions, unemployment, decline in stock markets, contraction of credit availability, or other factors affecting economic conditions. For example, factors that may affect our operating results include disruption in the credit and financial markets in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere, adverse effects of slowdowns in the U.S., European, or Chinese economies, reductions or limited growth in consumer spending or consumer credit, global trade tariffs, and other adverse economic conditions that may be specific to the Internet, e-commerce, and payments industries.

These changes may negatively affect sales of products and increase exposure to losses from bad debt and commodity prices, the cost and availability of financing, and costs associated with manufacturing and distributing products. Any economic downturn could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Some systems that use our products are inherently complex in design and require ongoing maintenance. Our customers may discover defects in our products after the products have been fully deployed and operated under peak stress conditions. In addition, some of our products are combined with products from other vendors which may contain defects. Should problems occur, it may be difficult to identify the source of the problem. If we are unable to correct defects or other problems, we could experience, among other things, loss of customers, increased costs of product returns and warranty expenses, damage to our brand reputation, failure to attract new customers or achieve market acceptance, diversion of development and engineering resources, or legal action by our customers. The occurrence of any one or more of the foregoing factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

We conduct our business and incur costs in the local currency of most countries in which we operate. We incur currency transaction risk whenever one of our operating subsidiaries enters into either a purchase or a sales transaction using a different currency from the currency in which it operates, or holds assets or liabilities in a currency different from its functional currency. Changes in exchange rates can also affect our results of operations when the value of sales and expenses of foreign subsidiaries are translated to U.S. dollars. We cannot accurately predict the impact of future exchange rate fluctuations on our results of operations. Further, given the volatility of exchange rates, we may not be able to effectively manage our currency risks, and any volatility in currency exchange rates may increase the price of our products in local currency to our foreign customers or increase the manufacturing cost of our products, either of which may have an adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows, and profitability.

We continuously monitor the marketplace for strategic opportunities, and our business strategy includes expanding our product lines and markets through both internal product development and acquisitions. Consequently, we expect to continue to consider

strategic acquisition of businesses, products, or technologies complementary to our business. This may require significant investments of management time and financial resources. If market demand is outside our organic capabilities, if a strategic acquisition is required and we cannot identify one or execute on it, and/or if financial investments that we undertake distract management, do not result in the expected return on investment, expose us to unforeseen liabilities, or jeopardize our ability to comply with our credit facility covenants due to any inability to integrate the business, adjust to operating a larger and more complex organization, adapt to additional political and other requirements associated with the acquired business, retain staff, or work with customers, we could suffer a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

We have in the past acquired several companies, including the completion of our acquisition of Finisar Corporation (“Finisar”) in 2019. We may continue to expand and diversify our operations with additional acquisitions, such as our pending acquisition of Coherent, Inc. (“Coherent”). We may be unable to identify or complete prospective acquisitions for many reasons, including increasing competition from other potential acquirers, the effects of consolidation in our industries, and potentially high valuations of acquisition candidates. In addition, applicable antitrust laws and other regulations may limit our ability to acquire targets or force us to divest an acquired business line. If we are unable to identify suitable targets or complete acquisitions, our growth prospects may suffer, and we may not be able to realize sufficient scale and technological advantages to compete effectively in all markets.

To the extent that we complete acquisitions, we may be unsuccessful in integrating acquired companies or product lines with existing operations, or the integration may be more difficult or more costly than anticipated. Some of the risks that may affect our ability to integrate or realize anticipated benefits from acquired companies, businesses, or assets include those associated with:

In addition, the market prices of our outstanding securities could be adversely affected if the effect of any acquisitions on our consolidated financial results is dilutive or is below the market’s or financial analysts’ expectations, or if there are unanticipated changes in the business or financial performance of the acquired or combined company. Any failure to successfully integrate acquired businesses may disrupt our business and adversely impact our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

The success of our acquisitions will depend in large part on our success in integrating the acquired operations, strategies, technologies, and personnel. We may fail to realize some or all of the anticipated benefits of an acquisition if the integration process takes longer than expected or is more costly than expected. If we fail to meet the challenges involved in successfully integrating any acquired operations or to otherwise realize any of the anticipated benefits of an acquisition, including any expected cost savings and synergies, our operations could be impaired. In addition, the overall integration of an acquired business can be a time-consuming and expensive process that, without proper planning and effective and timely implementation, could significantly disrupt our business.

Potential difficulties that we may encounter in the integration process include:

The anticipated cost savings, synergies, and other benefits of any acquisition typically assume a successful integration of the acquired business and are based on projections and other assumptions, which are inherently uncertain. Even if integration is successful, anticipated cost savings, synergies, and other benefits may not be achieved.

We anticipate that international sales will continue to account for a significant portion of our revenues for the foreseeable future. The failure to maintain our current volume of international sales could materially affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and/or cash flows.

We manufacture products in Australia, China, Germany, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Vietnam, and through a contract manufacturer in Thailand. We also maintain direct sales offices in Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom. Our operations vary by location and are influenced on a location-by-location basis by local customs, languages, and work practices, as well as different local weather conditions, management styles, and education systems. In addition, multiple complex issues may arise concurrently in different countries, potentially hampering our ability to respond in an effective and timely manner. Any inability to respond in an effective and timely manner to issues in our global operations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

We are subject to the passage of and changes in the interpretation of regulation by U.S. government entities at the federal, state, and local levels and by non-U.S. agencies, including, but not limited to, the following:

In March 2018, President Trump announced new steel and aluminum tariffs. Then, in July 2018, the United States imposed increased tariffs on products of Chinese origin, and China responded by increasing tariffs on U.S.-origin goods. On the export side, denial orders and placing companies on the U.S. entity list could decrease our access to customers and markets and materially impact our revenues in the aggregate. In April 2018, for example, the U.S. Department of Commerce issued a denial

order against two companies in the telecommunications market. In 2019 and 2020, the U.S. Department of Commerce placed a number of entities, including Huawei, on the U.S. Entity List. If we cannot obtain relief from, or take other action to mitigate the impact of, these additional duties and restrictions and duties, our business and profits may be materially and adversely affected. Further changes in the trade policy of the United States or of other countries in which we do cross-border business, or additional sanctions, could result in retaliatory actions by other countries that could materially and negatively impact the volume of economic activity in the United States or globally, which, in turn, may decrease our access to customers and markets, reduce our revenues, and increase our operating costs.

Our association with customers that are or become subject to U.S. regulatory scrutiny or export restrictions could negatively impact our business and create instability in our operations. Governmental actions such as these could subject us to actual or perceived reputational harm among current or prospective investors, suppliers or customers, customers of our customers, other parties doing business with us, or the general public. Any such reputational harm could result in the loss of investors, suppliers, or customers, which could harm our business, financial condition, operating results, or prospects.

Exports of certain of our products are subject to export controls imposed by the U.S. government and administered by the U.S. Departments of State and Commerce. In certain instances, these regulations may require pre-shipment authorization from the administering department. For products subject to the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), administered by the Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security, the requirement for a license is dependent on the type and end use of the product, the final destination, the identity of the end user, and whether a license exception might apply. Virtually all exports of products subject to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), administered by the Department of State’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, require a license. Certain of our products are subject to EAR controls.

Additionally, certain other products that we sell, including certain products developed with government funding, are subject to ITAR. Products developed and manufactured in our foreign locations are subject to export controls of the applicable foreign nation. Given the current global political climate, obtaining export licenses can be difficult and time-consuming. Failure to obtain export licenses for these shipments, or having one or more of our customers be restricted from receiving exports from us, could significantly reduce our revenue and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Compliance with regulations of the United States and other governments also subjects us to additional fees and costs. The absence of comparable restrictions on competitors in other countries may adversely affect our competitive position.

We from time to time borrow under our existing credit facility or use proceeds from sales of our securities to fund portions of our operations, including working capital investments and financing of our acquisition strategies. In the past, market disruptions experienced in the United States and abroad have materially impacted liquidity in the credit and debt markets, making financing terms for borrowers less attractive and, in certain cases, have resulted in the unavailability of certain types of financing. Uncertainty in the financial markets may negatively impact our ability to access additional financing or to refinance our existing debt arrangements on favorable terms or at all, which could negatively affect our ability to fund current and future expansion as well as future acquisitions and development. These disruptions may include turmoil in the financial services industry, volatility in the markets where our outstanding securities trade, and changes in general economic conditions in the areas where we do business. If we are unable to access funds at competitive rates, or if our short-term or long-term borrowing costs increase, our ability to finance our operations, meet our short-term obligations, and implement our operating strategies could be adversely affected.

In the future, we may be required to raise additional capital through public or private financing or other arrangements. Such financing may not be available on acceptable terms or at all, and our failure to raise capital when needed could harm our business and prospects. Additional equity financing may be dilutive to the holders of our outstanding capital stock, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that may limit our ability to undertake certain activities that we otherwise would find to be desirable. Further, debt service obligations associated with any debt financing could reduce our profitability. If we cannot raise funds on acceptable terms, we may not be able to grow our business or respond to competitive pressures.

Holders of our outstanding 0.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 (the “2022 Notes”) and the 0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2036 issued by Finisar (the “2036 Notes”) have the right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their convertible notes for cash upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the respective indentures governing such notes) at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the convertible notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Holders of the 2036 Notes also have the right to require Finisar to repurchase all or a portion of their 2036 Notes for cash on certain specified dates at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2036 Notes to be

In addition, our ability to repurchase or to pay cash upon conversion of our convertible notes may be limited by law, regulatory authority, or agreements governing our future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase convertible notes at a time when the repurchase is required or to pay any cash upon conversion of the convertible notes as required would constitute a default under the applicable indenture. A default under the applicable indenture or the fundamental change itself also could lead to a default under agreements governing our existing credit facility or any of our other current or future indebtedness. If the payment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and repurchase the convertible notes or to pay cash upon conversion of any such convertible notes.

Our amended and restated credit agreement, dated as of September 24, 2019, by and among us, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other lenders party thereto (the “Credit Agreement”) contains a number of restrictive covenants that may impose operating and financial restrictions on us and limit our ability to engage in acts that may be in our long-term best interest, including restrictions on our ability to incur indebtedness, grant liens, undergo certain fundamental changes, dispose of assets, make certain investments, enter into certain transactions with affiliates, and make certain restricted payments, in each case subject to limitations and exceptions set forth in the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default that include, among other things, certain payment defaults, covenant defaults, cross-defaults to other indebtedness, change of control defaults, judgment defaults, and bankruptcy and insolvency defaults. Such events of default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, and financial results. Furthermore, if we are unable to repay the amounts due and payable under the Credit Agreement, those lenders could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness, which could force us into bankruptcy or liquidation. In the event that our lenders accelerated the repayment of the borrowings, we may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness. Any acceleration of amounts due under the Credit Agreement would likely have a material adverse effect on us. As a result of these restrictions, we may be limited in how we conduct business, unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to operate during general economic or business downturns, or unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities.

We make significant decisions based on our estimates of customer requirements. We use our estimates to determine the levels of business we seek and accept, production schedules, personnel needs, and other resource requirements.

Customers may require rapid increases in production on short notice. We may not be able to purchase sufficient supplies or allocate sufficient manufacturing capacity to meet such increases in demand. Rapid customer ramp-up and significant increases in demand may strain our resources or negatively affect our margins. Inability to satisfy customer demand in a timely manner may harm our reputation, reduce our other opportunities, damage our relationships with customers, reduce revenue growth, and/or cause us to incur contractual penalties.

Alternatively, downturns in the industries in which we compete may cause our customers to significantly reduce their demand. With respect to orders we initiate with our suppliers to address anticipated demand from our customers, certain suppliers may have required noncancellable purchase commitments or advance payments from us, and those obligations and commitments could reduce our ability to adjust our inventory or expense levels to reflect declining market demands. Unexpected declines in customer demands can result in excess or obsolete inventory and additional charges. Because certain of our sales, research and development, and internal manufacturing overhead expenses are relatively fixed, a reduction in customer demand likely would decrease our gross margins and operating income.

We may encounter substantial competition from other companies in the same market, including established companies with significant resources. Some of our competitors may have financial, technical, marketing, or other capabilities that are more extensive than ours. They may be able to respond more quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies and other competitive pressures. We may not be able to compete successfully against our present or future competitors. Our failure to compete effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

We rely on a combination of trade secret, patent, copyright, and trademark laws, combined with employee confidentiality, noncompetition, and nondisclosure agreements to protect our intellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps we take will be adequate to prevent misappropriation of our technology or intellectual property. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that third parties will not assert infringement claims against us in the future.

Asserting our intellectual property rights or defending against third-party claims could involve substantial expense. In the event that a third party were successful in a claim that one of our processes infringed its proprietary rights, we could be required to pay substantial damages or royalties, or spend substantial amounts in order to obtain a license or modify processes so that they no longer infringe such proprietary rights. Any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

The design, processes, and specialized equipment utilized in our engineered materials, advanced components, and subsystems are innovative, complex, and difficult to duplicate. However, there can be no assurance that others will not develop or patent similar technology, or that all aspects of our proprietary technology will be protected. Others have obtained patents covering a variety of materials, devices, equipment, configurations, and processes, and others could obtain patents covering technology similar to ours. We may be required to obtain licenses under such patents, and there can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain such licenses, if required, on commercially reasonable terms, or that claims regarding rights to technology will not be asserted that may adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, our research and development contracts with agencies of the U.S. government present a risk that project-specific technology could be disclosed to competitors as contract reporting requirements are fulfilled. We also enter into development projects from time to time that might result in intellectual property developed during a project that is assigned to the other party without us retaining rights to that intellectual property or is jointly owned with the other party.

Our business is dependent on the demand for products produced by end-users of industrial lasers, optical communication products, components for semiconductor capital equipment, and components for 3D sensing. Many of these end-users are in industries that have historically experienced a highly cyclical demand for their products. As a result, demand for our products is subject to these cyclical fluctuations. Fluctuations in demand could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We manufacture products in Australia, China, Germany, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Vietnam, and through a contract manufacturer in Thailand. We also maintain direct sales offices in Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom. Operations inside and outside of the United States are subject to many legal and regulatory requirements, some of which are not aligned with others. These include tariffs, quotas, taxes and other market barriers, restrictions on the export or import of technology, potentially limited intellectual property protection, import and export requirements and restrictions, anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, foreign exchange controls and cash repatriation restrictions, foreign investment rules and regulations, data privacy requirements, competition laws, employment and labor laws, pensions and social insurance, and environmental health and safety laws and regulations.

Compliance with these laws and regulations can be onerous and expensive, and requirements differ among jurisdictions. New laws, changes in existing laws, and abrogation of local regulations by national laws may result in significant uncertainties in how they will be interpreted and enforced. Failure to comply with any of these foreign laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

We are subject to many data privacy, data protection, and data breach notification laws, including the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which became effective in 2018. While we have taken measures to assess the requirements of, and to comply with, the GDPR, as well as new and existing data-related laws and regulations of other jurisdictions, these measures may be challenged, including by authorities that regulate data-related compliance. We could incur significant expense in facilitating and responding to investigations, and if the measures we have taken prove to be inadequate, we could face fines, penalties, or damages, and incur reputational harm, which could have a material adverse impact on our business.

In the course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including intellectual property (both our own and that of our customers), as well as proprietary business information. We could be subject to service outages or breaches of security systems which may result in disruption, unauthorized access, misappropriation, or corruption of this information. Security breaches of our network or data, including physical or electronic break-ins, vendor service outages, computer viruses, attacks by hackers or similar breaches can create system disruptions, shutdowns, and unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. If we are unable to prevent or contain such security or privacy breaches, our operations could be disrupted or we could suffer legal claims, loss of reputation, financial loss, property damage, or regulatory penalties.

We have supply agreements with some customers that require us to supply products and allocate sufficient capacity to make these products. We have also agreed to pricing schedules and methodologies that could result in penalties if we fail to meet development, supply, capacity, and quality commitments. Failure to do so may cause us to be unable to generate the amount of revenue or the level of profitability we expect from these arrangements. Our ability to realize a profit under some of these agreements will be subject to the level of customer demand, the cost of maintaining facilities and manufacturing capacity, and supply chain capability. If we fail to fulfill our commitments under these supply agreements, our business, after using all remedies available, financial conditions, and results of operations may suffer a material adverse effect.

Our operations are dependent upon a supply chain of difficult-to-make or difficult-to-refine products and materials. Some of our product inflow is subject to yield reductions from growth or fabrication losses, and thus the quantities we may receive are not consistently predictable. Customers may also change a specification for a product that our suppliers cannot meet.

We also make products of which we are one of the world’s largest suppliers. We use high-quality, optical-grade ZnSe in the production of many of our IR optical products. We are a leading producer of ZnSe for our internal use and for external sale. The production of ZnSe is a complex process requiring a highly controlled environment. A number of factors, including defective or contaminated materials, could adversely affect our ability to achieve acceptable manufacturing yields of high-quality ZnSe. Lack of adequate availability of high-quality ZnSe could have a material adverse effect upon our business. There can be no assurance that we will not experience manufacturing yield inefficiencies that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

We produce hydrogen selenide gas, which is used in our production of ZnSe. There are risks inherent in the production and handling of such material. Our lack of proper handling of hydrogen selenide could require us to curtail our production of the gas. Our potential inability to internally produce hydrogen selenide could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

We are exposed to a variety of market risks, including the effects of increases in commodity prices. Our businesses purchase, produce, and sell high-purity selenium and other raw materials based upon quoted market prices from minor metal exchanges. The negative impact from increases in commodity prices might not be recovered through our product sales, which could have a material adverse effect on our net earnings and financial condition.

Hazardous substances used or generated in some of our research and manufacturing facilities are subject to stringent environmental regulation. We believe that our handling of such substances is in material compliance with applicable environmental, safety, and health regulations at each operating location. We invest substantially in proper personal protective equipment and process controls, including monitoring and specialized training, to minimize risks to employees, surrounding communities, and the environment that could result from the presence and handling of such hazardous substances. When exposure problems or potential exposure problems have been uncovered, corrective actions have been implemented, and re-occurrence has been minimal or nonexistent.

We have in place an emergency response plans with respect to our generation and use of the hazardous substances hydrogen selenide, hydrogen sulfide, arsine, and phosphine. Special attention has been given to all procedures pertaining to these gaseous materials to minimize the chance of its accidental release into the atmosphere.

With respect to the manufacturing, use, storage, and disposal of the low-level radioactive material thorium fluoride, our facilities and procedures have been inspected and licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Thorium-bearing by-products are collected and shipped as solid waste to a government-approved low-level radioactive waste disposal site in Clive, Utah.

The generation, use, collection, storage, and disposal of all other hazardous by-products, such as suspended solids containing heavy metals or airborne particulates, are believed by us to be in material compliance with regulations. We believe that we have obtained all of the permits and licenses required for operation of our business.

Although we do not know of any material environmental, safety, or health problems in our properties, processes, or products, there can be no assurance that problems will not develop in the future that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

As of June 30, 2021, we had approximately $1.4 billion of outstanding indebtedness on a consolidated basis. Our indebtedness could have important consequences for us, including:

We may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, together with any future borrowings, to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs. We may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness, on or before its maturity. We may not be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all. In addition, we may incur additional indebtedness in order to finance our operations, fund acquisitions, or repay existing indebtedness. If we cannot service our indebtedness, we may have to take actions such as selling assets, pursuing sales of additional debt or equity securities, or reducing or delaying capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions, investments, or alliances. Any such actions, if necessary, may not be able to be effected on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or on terms that would be advantageous to our stockholders, or on terms that would not require us to breach the terms and conditions of our existing or future debt agreements.

As a global company, we are subject to taxation in the United States and various other countries and jurisdictions. As such, we must exercise a level of judgment in determining our worldwide tax liabilities. Our future tax rates could be affected by changes in the composition of earnings in countries with differing tax rates or changes in tax laws. Changes in tax laws or tax rulings may have a significantly adverse impact on our effective tax rate.

The enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) in December 2017 significantly affected U.S. tax law by changing how the United States imposes tax on multinational corporations. The U.S. Department of Treasury has broad authority under the Tax Act to issue regulations and interpretive guidance. We have applied available guidance to estimate our tax obligations, but new guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department may cause us to make adjustments to our tax estimates in future periods.

In addition, we are subject to regular examination of our income tax returns by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of favorable or unfavorable outcomes resulting from these examinations to

determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, there can be no assurance that any final determination will not be materially different from the treatment reflected in our historical income tax provision and accruals, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operation, or financial condition.

We may be exposed to business interruptions due to extreme weather caused by climate change and deforestation, force majeure catastrophes, natural disaster, pandemic, terrorism, or acts of war that are beyond our control. Disruptions to our facilities or systems, or to those of our key suppliers, could also interrupt operational processes and adversely impact our ability to manufacture our products and provide services and support to our customers. As a result, our business, results of operations, or financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

We are highly dependent upon the experience and continuing services of certain scientists, engineers, production, and management personnel. Competition for the services of these personnel is intense. There can be no assurance that we will be able to retain or attract the personnel necessary for our success. The loss of the services of our key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Large end-user service providers and product companies comprise a significant portion of our customer base. These customers generally have greater purchasing power than smaller entities and, accordingly, often request and receive more favorable terms from suppliers, including us. As we seek to expand our sales to existing customers and acquire new customers, we may be required to agree to terms and conditions that are favorable to our customers and that may affect the timing of our ability to recognize revenue, increase our costs, and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Furthermore, large customers have increased buying power and ability to require onerous terms in our contracts with them, including pricing, warranties, and indemnification terms. If we are unable to satisfy the terms of these contracts, it could result in liabilities of a material nature, including litigation, damages, additional costs, loss of market share, and loss of reputation. Additionally, the terms these large customers require, such as most-favored customer or exclusivity provisions, may impact our ability to do business with other customers and generate revenues from such customers.

In many of the countries in which we operate, government bodies are increasingly enacting legislation and regulations in response to potential impacts of climate change. These laws and regulations may be mandatory. They have the potential to impact our operations directly or indirectly as a result of required compliance by our customers or our supply chain. Inconsistency of regulations may also affect the costs of compliance with such laws and regulations. Assessments of the potential impact of future climate change legislation, regulation, and international treaties and accords are uncertain, given the wide scope of potential regulatory change in countries in which we operate.

We may incur increased capital expenditures resulting from required compliance with revised or new legislation or regulations, added costs to purchase raw materials, lower profits from sales of our products, allowances or credits under a “cap and trade” system, increased insurance premiums and deductibles as new actuarial tables are developed to reshape coverage, changes in competitive position relative to industry peers, changes to profit or loss arising from increased or decreased demand for goods produced by us, or changes in costs of goods sold.

A small number of customers have consistently accounted for a significant portion of our revenues, although none individually represent greater than 10% of total revenues. Our success will depend on our continued ability to develop and manage relationships with our major customers. Although we are attempting to expand our customer base, we expect that significant customer concentration will continue for the foreseeable future. We may not be able to offset any decline in revenues from our existing major customers with revenues from new customers, and our quarterly results may be volatile because we are dependent on large orders from these customers that may be reduced, delayed, or cancelled. The markets in which we have historically sold our optical subsystems and components products are dominated by a relatively small number of systems manufacturers, thereby limiting the number of our potential customers.

Our dependence on large orders from a relatively small number of customers makes our relationship with each customer critically important to our business. We cannot ensure that we will be able to retain our major customers, attract additional customers, or that our customers will be successful in selling their products that incorporate our products. In addition, governmental trade action or economic sanctions may limit or preclude our ability to do business with certain customers. We have in the past experienced delays and reductions in orders from some of our major customers. In addition, our customers have in the past sought price concessions from us, and we expect that they will continue to do so in the future. Expense reduction measures that we have implemented over the past several years, and additional action we are taking to reduce costs, may adversely affect our ability to introduce new and improved products, which may, in turn, adversely affect our relationships with some of our key customers. Further, some of our customers may in the future shift their purchases of products from us to our competitors or to joint ventures between these customers and our competitors, or may in certain circumstances produce competitive products themselves. The loss of one or more of our major customers, any reduction or delay in sales to these customers, our inability to successfully develop relationships with additional customers, or future price concessions that we may make could significantly harm our business.

We manufacture some of the components that we incorporate into our subsystem products; in other cases, we provide components to contract manufacturers to produce finished goods. For some of the components and finished goods, we are the sole manufacturer. Our manufacturing processes are highly complex, and issues are often difficult to detect and correct. From time to time we have experienced problems achieving acceptable yields in our manufacturing facilities, resulting in delays in the availability of our products. In addition, if we experience problems with our manufacturing facilities, it would be costly and require a long period of time to move the manufacture of these components and finished good products to a different facility or contract manufacturer, which could result in interruptions in supply and would likely materially impact our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, for a variety of reasons, including changes in circumstances at our contract manufacturers or our own business strategies, we may voluntarily, or be required to, transfer the manufacturing of certain products to other manufacturing sites.

Changes in manufacturing processes are often required due to changes in product specifications, changing customer needs, and the introduction of new products. These changes may reduce manufacturing yields at our contract manufacturers and at our own manufacturing facilities, resulting in reduced margins on those products. In addition, many of our products are sourced from suppliers based outside of the United States, primarily in Asia. Uncertainty with respect to tax and trade policies, tariffs, and government regulations affecting trade between the United States and other countries has recently increased. Major developments in tax policy or trade relations, such as the imposition of tariffs on imported products, could increase our product and product-related costs or require us to seek alternative suppliers, either of which could result in decreased sales or increased product and product-related costs.

We base many of our operating decisions, and enter into purchase commitments, on the basis of anticipated revenue trends that are highly unpredictable. Some of our purchase commitments are not cancellable, and in some cases we are required to recognize a charge representing an amount of material or capital equipment purchased or ordered that exceeds our actual requirements. Should revenues in future periods fall substantially below our expectations, or should we fail to accurately forecast changes in demand mix, we could be required to record substantial charges for obsolete or excess inventories or noncancellable purchase commitments.

As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (“the Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), and Nasdaq listing requirements. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, we have expended, and anticipate that we will continue to expend, significant resources, including accounting-related costs and significant management oversight.

Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls, or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement, could delay the reporting of our financial results or cause us to be subject to investigations, enforcement actions by regulatory agencies, stockholder lawsuits, or other adverse actions requiring us to incur defense costs or pay fines, settlements, or judgments. Any such failures or difficulties could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to remain listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market.

Our business differs from that of Coherent. Accordingly, our results of operations and the market price of our securities after the completion of our pending acquisition of Coherent may be affected by factors different from those currently affecting the independent results of operations of each company. In addition, the issuance of shares of our common stock as part of the merger consideration payable in connection with the acquisition could on its own have the effect of depressing the market prices for our securities, including our common stock and our 6.00% Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock (“Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock”). Further, many Coherent stockholders may decide not to hold the shares of our common stock that they receive as merger consideration. Other Coherent stockholders, such as funds with limitations on their permitted holdings of stock in individual issuers, may be required to sell the shares of our common stock that they receive as merger consideration. Any such sales of our common stock could have the effect of depressing the market prices for our securities

We intend to finance part of the cash portion of the merger consideration payable in our acquisition of Coherent with the proceeds of debt financing. To this end, we have entered into a debt commitment letter (the “Debt Commitment Letter”) containing commitments for a senior secured term loan “A” facility in an aggregate principal amount of $850 million, a senior secured term loan “B” facility in an aggregate principal amount of $2,800 million, a senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $350 million and a senior unsecured bridge loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $1,125 million. We have not entered into any definitive agreement for this debt financing or other financing arrangements in lieu thereof, and the obligation of the lender to provide the debt financing under the Debt Commitment Letter is subject to a number of customary conditions. There is a risk that these conditions will not be satisfied and the debt financing may not be available when required.

In the event that the debt financing contemplated by the Debt Commitment Letter or the remaining investment contemplated by the Investment Agreement is not consummated, there is a risk that alternate financing may not be available on acceptable terms, in a timely manner or at all. Although our obligation to consummate our acquisition of Coherent is not conditioned upon the consummation of either of the debt financing contemplated by the Debt Commitment Letter or the remaining investment contemplated by the Investment Agreement, if we are unable to complete either of those financing transactions, the completion of our acquisition of Coherent may be delayed or not completed, in which case we would be in breach of our obligations under the merger agreement containing the terms of the acquisition.

The agreements that will govern indebtedness to be incurred or assumed in connection with our acquisition of Coherent, including pursuant to the related debt financing contemplated by the Debt Commitment Letter, are expected to contain various affirmative and negative covenants that will, subject to certain significant exceptions, restrict our ability to, among other things, have liens on our property, incur additional indebtedness, enter into sale and lease-back transactions, make loans, advances or other investments, make non-ordinary course asset sales, declare or pay dividends or make other distributions with respect to equity interests, and/or merge or consolidate with any other person or sell or convey certain of our assets to any one person, among other things. In addition, the definitive documentation governing certain of the facilities is expected to contain financial maintenance covenants that will require us to maintain a certain leverage ratio and an interest coverage ratio at the end of each fiscal quarter. Our ability to comply with these provisions may be affected by events beyond our control. Failure to comply with

these covenants could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could accelerate our repayment obligations under the applicable definitive documentation or under other debt agreements.

As of June 30, 2021, we had consolidated indebtedness of approximately $1.4 billion. Our pro forma consolidated indebtedness as of June 30, 2021, after giving effect to our acquisition of Coherent and the anticipated incurrence and extinguishment of indebtedness in connection therewith, would have been approximately $5.1 billion. We will have substantially increased indebtedness following completion of the acquisition in comparison to what we have had on a recent historical basis, which could have the effect, among other things, of causing or accentuating the consequences described above under “We have a substantial amount of debt, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations and prevent us from fulfilling our debt-related obligations.”

In addition, our credit ratings impact the cost and availability of future borrowings and, accordingly, our cost of capital. Our ratings reflect each rating organization’s opinion of our financial strength, operating performance, and ability to meet our debt obligations. In connection with the anticipated debt financing contemplated by the Debt Commitment Letter, we expect that we will seek ratings of our indebtedness from leading rating organizations. There can be no assurance that we will achieve or maintain any particular rating in the future. In addition, there can be no assurance that the credit ratings of our existing debt will not be subject to a downgrade below investment grade. If a ratings downgrade were to occur or if we fail to maintain an investment grade rating, we could experience higher borrowing costs in the future and more restrictive debt covenants which could reduce profitability and diminish operational flexibility.

The success of our acquisition of Coherent will depend, in part, on our ability to realize the anticipated benefits and cost savings. To do so, we must successfully integrate Coherent in a manner that permits those benefits and cost savings to be realized. Our ability to successfully manage this expanded business will depend, in part, upon our ability to implement an effective integration of the two companies and manage a combined business with significantly larger size and scope with the associated increased costs and complexity. If we are not able to successfully achieve these objectives, or are not able to achieve these objectives on a timely basis, the anticipated benefits may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer to realize than expected. In addition, the actual cost savings could be less than anticipated.

We and Coherent have operated and, until the completion of the acquisition, must continue to operate independently. It is possible that the integration process could result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of each company’s ongoing businesses or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies that adversely affect the companies’ ability to maintain relationships with clients, customers, suppliers and employees or to achieve the anticipated benefits and cost savings of the transaction. Integration efforts between the two companies also may divert management attention and resources. These integration matters could have an adverse effect on each company during this transition period and on us for an undetermined period after completion of the acquisition. All projections regarding the combined company’s business are, by their nature, estimates which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Business and financial measures of the combined company, including revenue, free cash flow, synergies and dividend yield, are uncertain and subject to change based on changes in assumptions underlying such measures or other changes in circumstances, many of which may be outside of our or Coherent’s control.

Uncertainty about the effect of the pending acquisition on our and Coherent’s respective employees may have an adverse effect on us and Coherent. This uncertainty may impair our and Coherent’s ability to attract, retain and motivate personnel both before and after completion of the acquisition. We and Coherent are dependent on the experience and industry knowledge of our respective officers and other key employees to execute our business plans. The success of the acquisition will depend in part on our ability to retain the talents and dedication of key employees currently employed by Coherent. Employee retention may be particularly challenging during the pendency of the acquisition, as employees may feel uncertain about their future roles with us after completion of the acquisition. In addition, we and Coherent may have to provide additional compensation in order to retain employees.

If key employees terminate their employment with us or Coherent while the acquisition is pending, or with us after completion of the acquisition, our business activities may be adversely affected and our management’s attention may be diverted from successfully integrating Coherent to hiring suitable replacements, all of which may cause our business to suffer. In addition, we and Coherent may not be able to locate or retain suitable replacements for any key employees who leave either company.

Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we will be able to attract or retain key employees following the completion of the acquisition to the same extent that we or Coherent have been able to attract or retain employees in the past.

Before the acquisition may be completed, certain waiting periods must expire or terminate and applicable approvals must be obtained under certain antitrust, competition and foreign investment laws and regulations. In deciding whether to grant regulatory clearances and approvals, the relevant governmental entities may consider, among other things, the effect of the transaction on competition within their relevant jurisdiction. The terms and conditions of the approvals that are granted may impose requirements, limitations or costs or place restrictions on the conduct of our business. There can be no assurance that regulators will not impose conditions, terms, obligations or restrictions and that such conditions, terms, obligations or restrictions will not have the effect of delaying completion of the acquisition or imposing additional material costs on or materially limiting our revenues following the completion of the acquisition. In addition, we cannot provide assurance that any such conditions, terms, obligations or restrictions will not result in the delay or abandonment of the transaction.

Our acquisition of Coherent is subject to a number of conditions, which make the completion and timing of the acquisition uncertain. In addition, the governing merger agreement may be terminated in certain circumstances. If the transaction is not completed on a timely basis or at all, our ongoing business may be adversely affected and, without realizing any of the benefits of having completed the acquisition, we will be subject to a number of risks, including the following:

In addition, if the transaction is not completed, we may experience negative reactions from financial markets and from our customers and employees. We could also be subject to litigation related to any failure to complete the transaction or to enforcement proceedings commenced against us to perform our obligations under the governing merger agreement. If the acquisition is not completed, we cannot assure that the risks described above will not materialize and will not adversely affect our business or financial results or the market price of our securities.

We have incurred, and will continue to incur, substantial expenses in connection with the negotiation and completion of our pending acquisition of Coherent, as well as the costs and expenses of filing, printing and mailing a joint proxy statement/prospectus and various fees paid or to be paid to the SEC and other regulatory agencies in connection with the transaction. These fees and costs have been, and will continue to be, significant. In addition, we will incur significant costs with respect to the expected financing transactions relating to the cash portion of the merger consideration. If the transaction is not completed, we may have to recognize these expenses without realizing the expected benefits of the transaction.

We also expect to incur a number of non-recurring transaction-related costs associated with combining the operations of the two companies and achieving desired synergies. Additional unanticipated costs may be incurred in the integration of our business with Coherent’s business. There can be no assurance that the elimination of certain duplicative costs, as well as the realization of other efficiencies related to the integration of the two businesses, will offset the incremental transaction-related costs over time. Thus, any net benefit may not be achieved in the near term, the long term or at all.

Certain agreements to which Coherent is a party contain change in control provisions that may be triggered when we complete our acquisition of Coherent. If we and Coherent are unable to negotiate waivers of those provisions, the counterparties may exercise their rights and remedies under the agreements, potentially terminating the agreements or seeking monetary damages. Even if we and Coherent are able to negotiate waivers, the counterparties may require a fee for such waivers or seek to renegotiate the agreements on terms less favorable to us.

Under the terms of the merger agreement, we and Coherent are subject to certain restrictions on the conduct of our respective businesses prior to completing the transaction, which may adversely affect each party’s ability to execute certain of its business strategies. Such limitations could negatively affect each party’s businesses and operations prior to the completion of the transaction. Furthermore, the process of planning to integrate the two companies can divert management attention and resources and could ultimately have an adverse effect on us.

In connection with the transaction, parties with which we or Coherent do business may experience uncertainty associated with the transaction, including with respect to current or future business relationships with us, Coherent or the combined business. It is possible that some customers, suppliers and other persons with whom we or Coherent have a business relationship may delay or defer certain business decisions or might decide to seek to terminate, change or renegotiate their relationships with us or Coherent, as applicable, as a result of the transaction, which could negatively affect our or Coherent’s revenues, earnings and cash flows, as well as the market price of shares of our common stock, regardless of whether the transaction is completed.

Each Coherent stockholder who receives shares of our common stock as merger consideration will become a shareholder of ours. We estimate that, upon completion of the acquisition, former Coherent stockholders collectively will own approximately 15%, our shareholders as of immediately prior to the completion of the transaction (excluding as a result of the expected remaining equity financing) will own approximately 71%, and BCPE will own approximately 14% of our outstanding shares of common stock (in each case, on an as-converted and fully diluted basis and without regard to the fact that immediately prior to the completion of the transaction, certain holders may own both our common stock and Coherent’s common stock). As a result, our shareholders will have less voting influence on us and may have less influence on our management and policies than they now have on us.

We may incur costs in connection with the defense or settlement of any shareholder lawsuits filed in connection with our pending acquisition of Coherent. Such litigation could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations and could prevent or delay the consummation of the transaction.

Any sales in the public market of our common stock issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our other outstanding securities. Similarly, the perception that such sales might occur could have a material adverse effect on such market prices.

In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, the holders of our Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive certain payments (i) prior to any amounts paid to holders of our common stock and each other class or series of our capital stock now existing or hereafter authorized, the terms of which do not expressly provide that such class or series ranks either (x) senior to the Series B Preferred Stock as to dividend rights or distribution rights upon such a liquidation event or (y) on parity with the Series B Preferred Stock as to dividend rights and distribution rights upon a such a liquidation event and (ii) on parity with our Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock and each other class or series of our capital stock established in the future, the terms of which expressly provide that such class or series ranks on a parity basis with the Series B Preferred Stock as to dividend rights and distribution rights upon such a liquidation event. In addition, the holders of Series B Preferred Stock also have certain redemption, conversion and consent rights.

These provisions may make it more costly for a potential acquirer to engage in a business combination transaction with us. Provisions that have the effect of potentially discouraging, delaying or preventing such a transaction could limit the opportunity for our shareholders to receive a premium for their shares of our capital stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our capital stock. This could reduce the remaining amount of our assets, if any, available to distribute to holders of our capital stock.

Our obligations to the holders of Series B Preferred Stock could limit our ability to obtain additional financing or increase our borrowing costs, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition. These preferential rights could also result in divergent interests between the holders of shares of our Series B Preferred Stock and other holders of our capital stock.

The Series B-1 Preferred Stock has, and the Series B-2 Preferred Stock will have, voting rights, allowing holders to vote as one class with our common stock on an as-converted basis, subject to limited exceptions. As a result, the holders of Series B-1 Preferred Stock have, and the holders of Series B-2 Preferred Stock will have, the ability to significantly influence the outcome of any matter submitted for the vote of the holders of our common stock. Holders of Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to act separately in their own respective interests with respect to their ownership interests in us and have the ability to substantially influence all matters that require approval by our shareholders, including the approval of significant corporate transactions.

Additionally, we may not undertake certain actions without the prior written approval of the holders of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock, voting separately from our common stock. Subject to certain exceptions, we must not: (1) alter or change the rights, preferences or privileges of our Series B Preferred Stock or amend, modify or supplement any provision of our organizational documents in a manner that adversely affects the rights, powers, preferences or privileges of our Series B Preferred Stock; (2) authorize or issue any senior stock (as defined below) (or securities convertible into senior stock), or amend or alter our articles of incorporation to increase the number of authorized or issued shares of our Series B Preferred Stock; (3) decrease the number of authorized shares of our Series B Preferred Stock (other than as permitted pursuant to a conversion, redemption or repurchase by us thereof); (4) issue any shares of our Series B Preferred Stock (other than pursuant to the Investment Agreement); and (5) effect any voluntary deregistration or delisting with Nasdaq of our common stock.

Furthermore, we may not, unless holders of Series B Preferred Stock otherwise consent in writing (or if such action is taken with respect to a Permitted Issuance (as defined in the Investment Agreement)), so long as BCPE owns at least 5% of the number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock that it held immediately following the completion of either the issuance and sale of the Series B-1 Preferred Stock on March 31, 2021 (if the issuance and sale of the Series B-2 Preferred Stock has not occurred) or the issuance and sale of the Series B-2 Preferred Stock upon completion of our pending acquisition of Coherent, (i) authorize or issue any parity stock (as defined below) and (ii) pay any cash dividend on our common stock (other than ordinary dividends (as defined below)). We also may not, unless BCPE otherwise consents in writing (or if such action is taken with respect to a Permitted Issuance (as defined in the Investment Agreement)), so long as it owns at least 25% of the number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock that it held immediately following the completion of either the issuance and sale of the Series B-1 Preferred Stock on March 31, 2021 (if the issuance and sale of the Series B-2 Preferred Stock has not occurred) or the issuance and sale of the Series B-2 Preferred Stock upon completion of our pending acquisition of Coherent, redeem,

The market prices of our securities, including our common stock and our Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, may decline in the future as a result of our acquisition of Coherent for a number of reasons, including:

Many of these factors are beyond our control. As a consequence, holders of our capital stock, including our common stock and our Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, could lose the value of their investment in our capital stock.

We currently anticipate that our acquisition of Coherent will be accretive to earnings per share (on an adjusted earnings basis) in the second year after the completion of the acquisition. This expectation is based on preliminary estimates which may materially change. We also could encounter additional transaction-related costs or other factors such as the failure to realize all of the benefits anticipated in the acquisition. All of these factors could cause dilution to our earnings per share or decrease or delay the expected accretive effect of the acquisition and cause a decrease in the market prices of our securities, including our common stock and our Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock.

Following the completion of our acquisition of Coherent, the size of our business will increase significantly beyond the current size of either our or Coherent’s current businesses. Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to manage this expanded business, which may pose substantial challenges for management, including challenges related to the management and monitoring of new operations and associated increased costs and complexity. There can be no assurance that we will be successful or that we will realize the expected operating efficiencies, cost savings, revenue enhancements and other benefits currently anticipated from the acquisition.

Competition in the industries in which we and Coherent operate is intense. Increased competition could hurt our and Coherent’s businesses, hinder our respective market share expansions and lead to pricing pressures that may adversely impact our respective margins and revenues. If we are unable to successfully compete following the completion of the acquisition, our business, prospects, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Following the consummation of the acquisition, our competitive position could be weakened by strategic alliances or consolidation within our industries or the development of new technologies by competitors. Our ability to compete successfully will depend on how well we markets our products and services and on our ability to anticipate and respond to various competitive factors affecting our industries, including changes in customer preferences, and changes in the product offerings or pricing strategies of our competitors.

After the consummation of the acquisition, competition could materially adversely affect us in several ways, including (i) the loss of customers and market share, (ii) our need to lower prices or increase expenses to remain competitive and (iii) the loss of business relationships within our existing markets.

We expect to incur substantial expenses in connection with our acquisition of Coherent and the related integration. There are a large number of processes, policies, procedures, operations, technologies and systems that may need to be integrated, including purchasing, accounting and finance, sales, payroll, pricing and benefits.

While we have assumed that a certain level of expenses will be incurred, there are many factors beyond our control that could affect the total amount or the timing of the integration expenses. Moreover, many of the expenses that will be incurred are, by their nature, difficult to estimate accurately. These expenses could, particularly in the near term, exceed the savings that we expect to achieve from the elimination of duplicative expenses and the realization of economies of scale and cost savings. These integration expenses likely will result in us taking significant charges against earnings following the completion of the acquisition, and the amount and timing of such charges are uncertain at present.

Following the consummation of our acquisition of Coherent, we will become bound by all of the obligations and liabilities of Coherent in addition to our obligations and liabilities existing prior to the consummation of the acquisition. We cannot predict the financial condition of the combined company at the time of the completion of the acquisition or our ability to satisfy our obligations and liabilities following the completion of the acquisition.

Following the completion of our acquisition of Coherent, some of our suppliers or suppliers of Coherent may increase prices or may terminate or scale back their business relationship with us, or even become competitors of ours. We and Coherent have contracts with suppliers, vendors, and other business partners which may require us or Coherent to obtain consents from these other parties in connection with the pending transaction, which may not be obtained at all or on favorable terms. If supplier relationships or strategic alliances are adversely affected by our acquisition of Coherent, or if we, following the completion of the transaction, lose the benefits of our or Coherent’s contracts, our business and financial performance could suffer.

The trading prices for our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market Composite varied between a high of $100.44 per share and a low of $36.04 per share in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021. Likewise, the trading prices of our Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock varied between a high of $407.35 per share and a low of $174.38 per share in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021. The market prices of our securities could fluctuate significantly for many reasons, including the following:

In addition, stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations in recent years, including as a result of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, these fluctuations frequently have been unrelated to the operating performance or underlying fundamentals of the affected companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. These fluctuations may be unrelated to our performance or out of our control, and could lead to securities class action litigation that could result in substantial expenses and diversion of management’s attention and corporate resources, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We expect that the market price of our Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock will be influenced by yield and interest rates in the capital markets, the time remaining to the mandatory conversion date applicable to the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, our creditworthiness, and the occurrence of certain events affecting us that do not require an adjustment to the fixed conversion rates of the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock. Fluctuations in yield rates in particular may give rise to arbitrage opportunities based upon changes in the relative values of the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock and our common stock. Any such arbitrage could, in turn, affect the market prices of our common stock and the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock. The market price of our common stock could also be affected by possible sales of our common stock by investors who view the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock as a more attractive means of equity participation in us and by hedging or arbitrage trading activity that we expect to develop involving our common stock. This trading activity could, in turn, affect the market price of the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock.

Our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws contain provisions that could make us a less attractive target for a hostile takeover and could make more difficult or discourage a merger proposal, a tender offer, or a proxy contest. Such provisions include:

In addition, the BCL contains provisions that may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in our control or changes in our management. Many of these provisions are triggered if any person or group acquires, or discloses the intent to acquire, 20% or more of a corporation’s voting power, subject to certain exceptions. These provisions:

Regardless of the amount of a person’s holdings, if a shareholder or shareholder group (including affiliated persons) would be a party to certain proposed transactions with us or would be treated differently from other shareholders of ours in certain proposed transactions, the BCL requires approval by a majority of votes entitled to be cast by all shareholders other than the interested shareholder or affiliate group, unless the transaction is approved by independent directors or other criteria are satisfied. Furthermore, under the BCL, a “short-form” merger of II-VI cannot be implemented without the consent of our board of directors.

In addition, as permitted by Pennsylvania law, an amendment to our Articles of Incorporation or other corporate action that is approved by shareholders may provide mandatory special treatment for specified groups of nonconsenting shareholders of the same class. For example, an amendment to our Articles of Incorporation or other corporate action may provide that shares of common stock held by designated shareholders of record must be cashed out at a price determined by the Company, subject to applicable dissenters’ rights.

Furthermore, the BCL provides that directors, in discharging their duties, may consider, to the extent they deem appropriate, the effects of any action upon shareholders, employees, suppliers, customers, and the communities in which the corporation’s offices are located. Directors are not required to consider the interests of shareholders to a greater degree than other constituencies’ interests. The BCL expressly provides that directors do not violate their fiduciary duties solely by relying on “poison pills” or the anti-takeover provisions of the BCL. We do not currently have a “poison pill.”

All of these provisions may limit the price that investors may be willing to pay for shares of our capital stock.

In addition, certain rights of the holders of the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock could make it more difficult or more expensive for a third party to acquire us. For example, if any of certain fundamental changes were to occur on or prior to July 1, 2023, holders of the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock may have the right to convert their Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at an increased conversion rate and will also be entitled to receive a make-whole amount equal to the present value of all remaining dividend payments on their Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, as described in the applicable Statement with Respect to Shares governing the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock. Likewise, if any of certain fundamental changes were to occur, we or the surviving entity would be required to make an offer to repurchase, at the option and election of the holders thereof, for cash each share of Series B Preferred Stock then outstanding. These features of the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock could increase the cost of acquiring us or otherwise discourage a third party from acquiring us or removing incumbent management.

We have never declared nor paid dividends on our common stock and do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings to support operations and to finance the development of our business. As a result, the success of an investment in our common stock will depend entirely upon future appreciation in its value. There is no guarantee that our common stock will maintain its value or appreciate in value.

Our declaration and payment of dividends on our capital stock in the future will be determined by our board of directors (or an authorized committee thereof) in its sole discretion and will depend on our financial condition, earnings, growth prospects, other uses of cash, funding requirements, applicable Pennsylvania law, and other factors our board of directors deems relevant.

The terms of the Credit Agreement contain a restriction on our ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock. If the terms of the Credit Agreement restrict our ability to pay cash dividends on the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, we will pay any dividends declared by our board of directors (or an authorized committee thereof) on the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock in the form of shares of common stock. In addition, credit facilities, indentures, or other financing agreements that we enter into in the future may contain provisions that restrict or prohibit our ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock.

In addition, under Pennsylvania law, our board of directors may not pay dividends if after giving effect to the relevant dividend payment we (i) would not be able to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of our business or (ii) our total assets would not be greater than or equal to the sum of our total liabilities plus the amount that would be needed if we were to be dissolved at the time as of which the dividend is measured, in order to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of shareholders whose preferential rights are superior to those receiving the dividend. Even if we are permitted under our contractual obligations and Pennsylvania law to pay cash dividends on the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, we may not have sufficient cash to pay cash dividends on the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock.

The market price of our common stock is likely to be influenced by the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock and, to the extent that markets develop when applicable trading limitations no longer apply, our Series B Preferred Stock. For example, the market price of our common stock could become more volatile and could depress possible sales of our common stock to shareholders who view the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock or Series B Preferred Stock as more attractive means of equity participation in us than owning shares of our common stock.

Shares of our common stock are equity interests that rank junior to all indebtedness and other non-equity claims on us with respect to assets available to satisfy our claims, including in a liquidation of the Company. Additionally, holders of our common stock may be subject to prior dividend and liquidation rights of any holders of our preferred stock or depositary shares representing such preferred stock then outstanding.

Our common stock ranks junior to our Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends and amounts payable in the event of our liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of our affairs. This means that, unless accumulated dividends have been paid on all the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock then outstanding through the most recently completed dividend period, no dividends may be declared or paid on our common stock and we will not be permitted to repurchase any of our common stock, subject to limited exceptions. Likewise, in the event of our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of our affairs, no distribution of our assets may be made to holders of our common stock until we have paid to holders of the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock then outstanding the applicable liquidation preferences.

In the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of our affairs, our assets will be available to pay obligations on the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock only after all of our consolidated liabilities have been paid. In addition, the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock rank structurally junior to all existing and future liabilities of our subsidiaries. In the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of our affairs, there may not be sufficient assets remaining, after paying our and our subsidiaries’ liabilities, to pay amounts due on any or all of the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock then outstanding.

Our Articles of Incorporation authorize our board of directors to issue one or more additional series of preferred stock and set the terms of the preferred stock without seeking any further approval from our shareholders. Any preferred stock that is issued will rank ahead of our common stock in terms of dividends and liquidation rights. If we issue additional preferred stock, it may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Our board of directors also has the power, without shareholder approval, subject to applicable law, to set the terms of any such series of preferred stock that may be issued, including voting rights, dividend rights, preferences over our common stock with respect to dividends, and other terms, or upon our liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of our affairs. If we issue additional preferred stock in the future that has a preference over our common stock with respect to the payment of dividends or upon our liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of our affairs, or if we issue additional preferred stock with voting rights that dilute the voting power of our common stock, the rights of holders of our capital stock or the market price of our capital stock could be adversely affected. The issuance of preferred stock or even the ability to issue preferred stock could also have the effect of delaying, deterring, or preventing a change of control or other corporate action.

Research analysts and freelance bloggers publish their own quarterly projections regarding our operating results. These projections may vary widely from one another and may not accurately predict the results we actually achieve. Our share price may decline if we fail to meet securities research analysts’ projections. Similarly, if one or more of the analysts who cover us change their recommendations regarding our common stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our share price could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, our share price or trading volume could decline.

Holders of Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock who employ, or seek to employ, a convertible arbitrage strategy with respect to the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock may be adversely impacted by regulatory developments that may limit or restrict such a strategy. The SEC and other regulatory and self-regulatory authorities have implemented various rules and may adopt additional rules in the future that restrict and otherwise regulate short selling, over-the-counter swaps, and security-based swaps, which restrictions and regulations may adversely affect the ability of investors in, or potential purchasers of, the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock to conduct a convertible arbitrage strategy with respect to the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock. This could, in turn, adversely affect the trading price and liquidity of the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock.

Holders of Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock have no voting rights with respect to the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, except with respect to certain amendments to the terms of the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, in the case of certain dividend arrearages, in certain other limited circumstances, and except as specifically required by applicable Pennsylvania law or by our amended and restated Articles of Incorporation. Holders of Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock have no right to vote for any members of our board of directors, except in the case of certain dividend arrearages.

If dividends on any Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock have not been declared and paid for the equivalent of six or more dividend periods (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the dividend period beginning on, and including, the initial issue date of the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock and ending on, but excluding, October 1, 2020), whether or not for consecutive dividend periods, the holders of such Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class with holders of all other series of preferred stock ranking equally with the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock and having similar voting rights, will be entitled at our next special or annual meeting of shareholders to vote for the election of a total of two additional members of our board of directors, subject to certain limitations.

A significant portion of our operations is conducted through our subsidiaries, and our ability to generate cash to meet our debt service obligations or to make future dividend payments with respect to the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock and, to the extent we elect to make such payments in cash, our Series B Preferred Stock is highly dependent on the earnings and the receipt of funds from our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries are separate legal entities that have no obligation to make any funds available to us, whether by dividends, loans, or other payments.

The completion of the Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain additional customary closing conditions, including review and approval of the Merger by the State Administration for Market Regulation in China. Subject to the satisfaction or waiver of each of the closing conditions, II-VI expects that the Merger will be completed by the end of the first calendar quarter of 2022. However, it is possible that factors outside the control of both companies could result in the Merger being completed at a different time or not at all.

As described in Note 11. Equity and Redeemable Preferred Stock, of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements, on July 7, 2020, the Company issued shares of Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock. Upon conversion, on the mandatory conversion date, each outstanding share of Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, unless previously converted, will automatically convert into a number of shares of the Company’s common stock determined based on the market value of the Company’s common stock on the mandatory conversion date, defined as July 1, 2023.

The accounting for the issuance of the Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock involved significant estimation in approximating the future market value of the Company’s common stock on the mandatory conversion date, which was used to determine whether the Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock should be classified within shareholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheet as well as the whether the Preferred Stock should be classified as a participating security.

Management estimated the future market value of its common stock on the mandatory conversion date, through development of a Monte Carlo simulation model. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to confirm the reasonableness of the assumptions, which included volatility and cost of equity. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The credit agreement governing the Senior Credit Facilities (the "Credit Agreement") provides for senior secured financing of $2.4 billion in the aggregate, consisting of

The Company is obligated to repay the outstanding principal amount of the Term A Facility in quarterly installments equal to 1.25% of the initial aggregate principal amount of the Term A Facility, with the remaining outstanding balance due and payable on the fifth anniversary of September 24, 2019 (the "Finisar Closing Date").

The Company’s obligations under the Senior Credit Facilities are guaranteed by each of the Company’s existing or future direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries (collectively, the “Guarantors”). Borrowings under the Senior Credit Facilities are collateralized by a first priority lien in substantially all of the assets of the Company and the Guarantors, except that no real property is collateral under the Senior Credit Facilities.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of II-VI Incorporated and Subsidiaries (the Company) as of June 30, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of earnings (loss), comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2021, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at June 30, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated August 20, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the

audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

We have audited II-VI Incorporated and Subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, II-VI Incorporated and Subsidiaries (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2021, based on the COSO criteria.

As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of Ascatron AB (“Ascatron”) and INNOViON Corporation (“Innovion”), which are included in the June 30, 2021 consolidated financial statements of the Company and constituted $141.4 million and $117.4 million of total and net assets, respectively, as of June 30, 2021 and $22.4 million and $2.5 million of revenues and net loss, respectively, for the fiscal year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Ascatron and Innovion.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of June 30, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of earnings (loss), comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2021, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2) and our report dated August 20, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

August 20, 2021